通用版2021高考英语一轮复习考点二十六说明文练习含解析 22页

考点二十六　说明文 Cloze 1‎ 限时12分钟 New Year's Eve is a time to celebrate and enter the new year with a smile on your face. When I was a kid, the thing I enjoyed most about New Year's Eve was trying to stay awake until midnight. My parents didn't __1__ me to go to bed early, but my heavy eyelids usually __2__ me well before the new year arrived. When I woke up the next morning, my mum would ask me if I wanted to make a New Year's __3__. I had no __4__ what it was. After she __5__ it to me, I said I would try to __6__ less with my older brother. This got me a(n) __7__ and a pat on the head from my mum. __8__， the resolution lasted only until dinnertime, when my brother and I got into a(n) __9__ about who would set the __10__.‎ A New Year's resolution is a decision to do or not to do something in order to __11__ a personal goal or break a habit. It comes at a time when people __12__ the past year and make an effort to __13__ themselves as the new year begins.‎ Like many __14__， New Year's resolutions have a long and interesting __15__.‎ New Year's Day was first celebrated 4,000 years ago in ancient Babylon. Although the Babylonians did not have a written calendar, historians determined that they __16__ the start of the new year in late March with the arrival of the spring season.‎ If you would like to make a New Year's resolution this year, there are some __17__ to consider, for example, volunteer at a church or animal rescue organization.‎ Remember that it takes work to keep a New Year's resolution. Don't worry if you __18__ once or twice. If you are __19__ to what you want to accomplish, you'll be a __20__ person at the end of the year than at the beginning.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新年决心的由来、重要性及实现新年决心的途径。‎ ‎1．A.suggest B．force C．demand D．forbid 答案：B　根据句意及生活常识可知，孩子平时是要按时睡觉的，但在新年尤其是新年前夕是可以熬夜的，所以父母在这一天不会强迫“我”去早些睡觉。故选B。‎ ‎2．A.betrayed B．beat C．surprised D．disappointed 答案：B　由but可知，此处与上文形成转折关系，指新年还没到来，“我”就困了。根据常识可知，我们困了会说眼皮打架了。故选B。‎ ‎3．A.wish B．guess C．resolution D．comment 答案：‎ - 22 -‎ C　根据常识可知，新年大人们常要孩子制定新的计划，故妈妈会问“我”的新年决心；第二段首句中的“resolution”是提示。故选C。‎ ‎4．A.plan B．opinion C．thought D．idea 答案：D　“我”不知道那是什么。作为孩子自然不知道新年决心指的什么。故选D。‎ ‎5．A.showed B．passed C．left D．explained 答案：D　“我”不知道新年决心是什么，所以妈妈就向“我”解释。explain sth.to sb. “向某人解释某事”，故选D。‎ ‎6．A.chat B．talk C．fight D．share 答案：C　根据语境可知，既然是向妈妈表决心，肯定是好的行为。所以“少与哥哥打架”符合语境，故选C。‎ ‎7．A.complaint B．blame C．smile D．honor 答案：C　根据语境可知，“我”说“我”尽量少与哥哥争执，妈妈拍了“我”的头，对“我”的新年决心表示肯定，故可推测出妈妈是高兴的，C符合题意。‎ ‎8．A.Luckily B．Unfortunately C．Amazingly D．Honestly 答案：B　此处指早晨刚向妈妈表决心，可晚餐时又开始和哥哥争吵了，因此unfortunately “不幸地”符合题意，故选B。‎ ‎9．A.argument B．situation C．conversation D．agreement 答案：A　不幸的是，决心仅仅持续到晚餐的时候，“我”和哥哥又开始争论，故选A。‎ ‎10．A.firework B．bed C．table D．clock 答案：C　由语境可知，此处指晚餐时摆餐具，故选C。‎ ‎11．A.accomplish B．design C．create D．abandon 答案：A　新年决心是为了实现个人目标或改掉习惯而去做什么或不做什么，故A符合题意。‎ ‎12．A.look forward to B．look back on C．look down upon D．look out of 答案：B　分析后面的宾语是“the past year”，指过去的一年，即回顾过去的一年；对新的一年才用look forward to ... “期待，希望……”，故B符合题意。‎ ‎13．A.improve B．enjoy C．entertain D．relax 答案：A　分析句意可知，此处指新年伊始，努力提高自己，故选A。‎ ‎14．A.habits B．places C．countries D．traditions - 22 -‎ 答案：D　分析句意并结合选项可知，此处指新年决心像其他传统一样，故选D。‎ ‎15．A.story B．meaning C．history D．mystery 答案：C　由下一段中的第一句可知，此处指在新年来临前夕表达决心的传统有悠久的历史，故选C。‎ ‎16．A.observed B．witnessed C．fixed D．established 答案：A　本文主要讲述新年的庆祝，此处指巴比伦人在3月末，随着春季的来临庆祝新年的开始，observe “庆祝；欢度”，故选A。‎ ‎17．A.requirements B．factors C．rules D．choices 答案：D　本句中所举的例子针对新年决心提出了几个选择，故D符合题意。‎ ‎18．A.slip up B．make up C．turn up D．draw up 答案：A　要坚持新年决心是需要努力的。如果你有一两次疏忽，不要担心。slip up “疏忽”，故选A。‎ ‎19．A.calm B．devoted C．grateful D．enthusiastic 答案：B　由上文中对新年决心的解释可知，此处指倘若你专心于你想要实现的新年决心，故选B。‎ ‎20．A.wealthier B．smarter C．healthier D．better 答案：D　根据句意可知，如果你专心于你想要实现的新年决心，年底时，你会发现自己比年初更优秀。故选D。‎ Cloze 2‎ 限时13分钟 The world's last male northern white rhino, Sudan, has died after “agerelated complications”， researchers announced on March, 20, saying he “__1__ the heart of many with his dignity and strength”．‎ ‎ The white rhino had been part of an __2__ effort to save the subspecies from extinction with the help of the two surviving females. His death won't have an impact on the __3__ to save the subspecies, as the __4__ turns to fertilization techniques. ‎ ‎“He was a great ambassador for his species and will be __5__ for the work - 22 -‎ ‎ he did to raise awareness globally of the __6__ facing not only rhinos, but also the many thousands of other species facing extinction as a result of human __7__，” said Richard Vigne. ‎ ‎ The last male northern white rhino had been born in Sudan, taken to a Czech __8__ and then transferred to Kenya in 2009. Rangers __9__ Sudan described him as gentle. ‎ ‎ “The rhino significantly __10__ to survival of his species as he fathered two females，” the conservancy said. “Additionally, his genetic material was __11__ yesterday and provides a hope for future __12__ at reproduction of northern white rhinos __13__ advanced cellular technologies.” ‎ ‎ “One day, his death will __14__ be seen as a decisive moment for conservationists worldwide，” Vigne added. ‎ ‎ “Sudan's death is a __15__ symbol of human ignore for nature and it __16__ everyone who knew him. But we should not give up，” said Jan Stejskal. “We must __17__ the unique situation in which cellular technologies are used for __18__ of critically endangered species. It may sound __19__， but thanks to the newly developed techniques even Sudan could still __20__ his children. We will be happy for everyone who will help us in our joint effort.” ‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。地球上最后一头雄性北方白犀牛苏丹在患上与年龄相关的并发症后死亡，但我们可以利用一项新研发的细胞技术来繁殖犀牛。‎ ‎1．A.broke B．lost C．knew D．stole 答案：D　steal one's heart在这里表示“赢得某人的欢心”。‎ ‎ 2.A.innocent B．impossible C．ambitious D．unrealistic 答案：C　根据空格后面的内容可知，这是一个在仅仅剩余的两头雌性犀牛帮助下，拯救濒临灭绝的犀牛亚种的雄心勃勃的努力。‎ ‎ 3.A.abilities B．ways C．chances D．efforts 答案：D　上文已经提到了“an __2__ effort”，故选efforts。‎ ‎ 4.A.energy B．focus C．interest D．curiosity 答案：B　根据后面的“turns to fertilization techniques”可知，这头雄性犀牛的死亡不会对拯救犀牛亚种产生影响，因为人们的注意力转向了受孕技术。‎ ‎ 5.A.remembered B．prepared C．rewarded D．praised 答案：A　本句是对这头犀牛的赞美，说明它将被人们永远记住。‎ ‎ 6.A.punishment B．difficulty C．choice D．pressure - 22 -‎ 答案：B　根据后面的“facing not only rhinos, but also the many thousands of other species facing extinction”可知，不仅仅是犀牛，其他很多即将灭绝的物种都面临困难。‎ ‎ 7.A.population B．sense C．activities D．hobbies 答案：C　物种濒临灭绝，是因为人类活动的结果。‎ ‎ 8.A.house B．farm C．village D．zoo 答案：D　根据语境，这头犀牛出生后被送往一个动物园，比较符合常识。‎ ‎ 9.A.caring for B．meeting with C．bringing into D．shooting at 答案：A　根据上下文可知，照顾犀牛Sudan的管理员认为它很温柔。‎ ‎10．A.turned B．contributed C．learned D．added 答案：B　根据后面的“as he fathered two females”可知，它是两头雌性犀牛的父亲，因此它为保护犀牛物种的生存做出了贡献。‎ ‎11．A.purchased B．discovered C．collected D．analyzed 答案：C　根据空格前后的内容可知，它的基因被人类收集。‎ ‎12．A.attempts B．trends C．situation D．successes 答案：A　由于收集了它的基因，这样为以后人们尝试利用先进的细胞技术来繁殖犀牛提供了一线希望。‎ ‎13．A.by B．within C．for D．at 答案：A　根据后面的“advanced cellular technologies”可知，是通过先进的细胞技术来繁殖犀牛。by “通过，使用”。‎ ‎14．A.seriously B．hopefully C．painfully D．completely 答案：B　与前面的“One day”呼应，指将来的某一天，对于世界各地的环保主义者们来说，它的死亡将有希望被看成是一个决定性的时刻。‎ ‎15．A.great B．hopeful C．cruel D．welcome 答案：C　与前面的“death”呼应，指它的死亡是人类忽视自然的一个残忍的信号。‎ ‎16．A.saddened B．comforted C．touched D．impressed 答案：A　与前面的“Sudan's death”呼应，指它的死亡让所有了解这头犀牛的人们感到伤心。‎ ‎17．A.live up to B．break away from - 22 -‎ C．put up with D．take advantage of 答案：D　结合前面的“we should not give up”可知，即使这头唯一的雄性犀牛死了，我们也不能放弃，我们应该利用细胞技术来繁殖犀牛。‎ ‎18．A.conservation B．growth C．birth D．importance 答案：A　根据前面的“cellular technologies”可知，这种细胞技术是为了保护那些濒危物种的。conservation “(动植物、森林等的)保护”。‎ ‎19．A.unbelievable B．interesting C．reasonable D．terrible 答案：A　根据后面的内容可知，由于这种新研发的细胞技术，Sudan可能仍然会有它的孩子，这听起来令人难以置信。‎ ‎20．A.raise B．have C．affect D．teach 答案：B　根据前面的“thanks to the newly developed techniques”可知，由于新研发的细胞技术，可以使已经死亡的Sudan仍然有它的孩子。‎ Cloze 3‎ 限时14分钟 Science fiction thrillers frequently feature accidents that cause astronauts to float away into space. __1__ this has yet to happen in the real world, it is a __2__ every astronaut is aware of when conducting a spacewalk. To __3__ such an accident, space explorers are not only tied to the spacecraft but also fitted __4__ a backup safety kit.‎ Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue (SAFER), the “life jacket”， which is __5__ like a backpack, contains a bottle of pressurized nitrogen and __6__ thrusters (推进器). In case an astronaut floats away, he/she can use the controller __7__ to the front of the spacesuit to return to the spacecraft. The only __8__ is that SAFER is operated by hand, which means it is of no use if the astronaut becomes __9__， or gets injured.‎ To __10__ the problem, the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory is working with NASA to create an application to start SAFER __11__. Dubbed “take me home”， it involves fitting spacesuits with sensors that __12__ the astronaut's movement, acceleration, and relative position to a stationary spacecraft. Since there is no GPS in deep __13__， the team has come up with two clever ways to determine the astronaut's exact __14__. The first uses a camera to capture the landmarks around the astronaut, while the second method __15__ his/her location with the help of the surrounding stars.‎ - 22 -‎ In case of a(n) __16__， the astronaut can simply press a button, and the system will __17__ him/her back to the spacecraft. More importantly, the button can be __18__ controlled by a crew member to rescue an astronaut in trouble.‎ The system would be useful for a variety of other __19__， including assisting firefighters to navigate through smokefilled rooms, enabling __20__ to land safely, and even bringing disoriented (迷失方向的) deep sea divers back to the surface.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种能把在太空行走中不幸飘走的宇航员安全带回宇宙飞船的“救生夹克”。‎ ‎1．A.Unless B．Though C．Since D．Because 答案：B　though在此引导一个让步状语从句。‎ ‎2．A.merit B．price C．process D．risk 答案：D　虽然这类事件在现实生活中还没有发生过，但这是每一个从事太空行走的宇航员都非常清楚的风险。‎ ‎3．A.prevent B．examine C．witness D．discover 答案：A　prevent在此是“预防”之意。‎ ‎4．A.over B．on C．with D．for 答案：C　be fitted with意为“安装……，配备……”。太空探险者不但被与宇宙飞船系在一起，而且配有备用的安全工具包。‎ ‎5．A.treated B．worn C．hung D．folded 答案：B　太空行走者穿上这种“救生夹克”，这种“救生夹克”看上去像背包一样。‎ ‎6．A.huge B．clumsy C．potential D．tiny 答案：D　根据常识判断这个穿在太空行走者身上的推进器会很小。‎ ‎7．A.devoted B．addicted C．attached D．adapted 答案：C　attached to意为“附在……上面”，符合文意。‎ ‎8．A.drawback B．bonus C．access D．solution 答案：A　由后文可知，唯一的缺点是SAFER是手动操控的。‎ ‎9．A.unbearable B．uncertain C．uncomfortable D．unconscious 答案：D　由“SAFER is operated by hand”可知，这就意味着如果宇航员昏迷或受伤的话，系统就不起作用了。‎ ‎10．A.detect B．spot - 22 -‎ C．solve D．analyze 答案：C　solve意为“解决(问题)”，符合文意。‎ ‎11．A.mechanically B．automatically C．magically D．physically 答案：B　前文“operated by hand”有提示，故可判断这种应用程序能自动开启SAFER。‎ ‎12．A.change B．copy C．interrupt D．monitor 答案：D　这些感应器能够监测宇航员的动作、加速和与静止不动的宇宙飞船的相对位置。‎ ‎13．A.space B．sea C．darkness D．silence 答案：A　在深空中没有GPS信号，他们就想出了两个方法来确定宇航员的准确位置。‎ ‎14．A.size B．height C．location D．feature 答案：C　location在此是“方位”之意，符合文意。后文“his/her location with the help of the surrounding stars”也有提示。‎ ‎15．A.keeps track of B．keeps pace with C．loses touch with D．takes advantage of 答案：A　动词短语keep track of意为“跟踪，记录”，符合文意。keep pace with “跟上，赶上，并驾齐驱”；lose touch with “与……失去联系”；take advantage of “利用”。‎ ‎16．A.fire B．incident C．flooding D．emergency 答案：D　emergency在此意为“紧急情况”，符合语境。‎ ‎17．A.translate B．transplant C．transport D．transform 答案：C　一旦出现紧急情况，宇航员只要一按按钮，系统就会把他/她送到宇宙飞船上。‎ ‎18．A.remotely B．casually C．personally D．cautiously 答案：A　更重要的是，这个按钮还可以由其他成员进行遥控，以救助处于困境中的宇航员。‎ ‎19．A.models B．applications C．brands D．versions 答案：B　这个系统还有许多其他的用途。‎ ‎20．A.cyclists B．drivers C．climbers D．skydivers 答案：D　后文“land safely”有提示，故skydivers(跳伞运动员)最佳。‎ Cloze 4‎ 限时13分钟 - 22 -‎ Ecotourism involves people traveling to beautiful but environmentally sensitive places. Such trips are __1__ carried out with an experienced guide. Over recent years, this type of travel has been steadily gaining __2__ as more people search for new travel experiences.‎ Ecotourism has many benefits. First, all the __3__ spent by the tourists is used to __4__ the important environmental spots they visit. Second, it helps __5__ to better understand the environment, thereby __6__ their knowledge of the world. Furthermore, this style of travel is also more __7__ of the local culture.‎ Compared to __8__ tourists, ecotourists use energy more efficiently, save water and produce less rubbish by finding ways to __9__ it. These behaviours have a __10__ and lasting effect on the local environment.‎ Two things are needed to make ecotourism a(n) __11__. First, it should be done in small groups. And second, because it requires considerable effort, both ecotourists and locals must be __12__ in their commitment to improving the environment.‎ Green travel provides local people with jobs in parks, __13__ and shops. One great achievement of ecotourism has been the __14__ of illegal hunting. Former hunters can now work as guides to help keep the animals __15__ in their natural surroundings. Green travel also __16__ local people's quality of life, especially children's.‎ Peru‎ is one country using ecotourism to promote respect for the __17__. It's now able to take better care of its rainforests because of a(n) __18__ on more sustainable (不破坏生态平衡的，可持续的) travel. __19__ this, local people's living standards have improved. Many others are now following Peru's __20__and using ecotourism to preserve their environment for the future generations.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。近几年生态旅游越来越受到大家的青睐，文章重点陈述了生态旅游的好处。‎ ‎1．A.finally B．usually ‎ C．suddenly D．roughly 答案：B　这样的旅行通常在有经验的导游的帮助下进行。故B项正确。‎ ‎2．A.pleasure B．satisfaction ‎ C．popularity D．freedom 答案：C　根据下文“more people search for new travel experiences”可知，更多的人寻求新的旅游体验，所以这种旅行受到大家的欢迎。故C项正确。‎ ‎3．A.money B．time ‎ C．energy D．effort 答案：A　根据下文“is used to __4__ the important environmental spots they visit”可知，游客所花的钱被用于重要的生态景点。故A项正确。‎ - 22 -‎ ‎4．A.pollute B．protect ‎ C．purchase D．explore 答案：B　根据语境并结合选项可知，既然是生态旅游，那么游客所花的钱是被用来保护生态景点。故B项正确。‎ ‎5．A.scientists B．hunters ‎ C．guides D．visitors 答案：D　根据常识可知，应该是生态旅游有助于游客更好地了解自然环境。故D项正确。‎ ‎6．A.approving B．confirming ‎ C．enriching D．supporting 答案：C　根据上文“better understand the environment, thereby”可知，生态旅游帮助游客更好地了解自然环境，因此能够丰富他们的知识。故C项正确。‎ ‎7．A.respectful B．aware ‎ C．uncertain D．independent 答案：A　根据上文可知，生态游帮助游客了解、保护自然环境，这对当地的文化是一种尊重。be respectful of sth. “尊重某物”，故A项正确。‎ ‎8．A.rich B．curious C．lazy D．normal 答案：D　根据空格前的“Compared to”及语境可知，此处指与平常的游客相比，生态旅游的游客能更有效地使用资源、节约用水等。故D项正确。‎ ‎9．A.use B．recycle ‎ C．copy D．restrict 答案：B　根据语境可知，他们想办法循环利用资源，目的是减少垃圾的产生。故B项正确。‎ ‎10．A.challenging B．disappointing ‎ C．positive D．risky 答案：C　根据上文及空格后的“lasting effect on the local environment”可知，这些行为对当地环境有积极持久的影响。故C项正确。‎ ‎11．A.success B．adventure ‎ C．tool D．symbol 答案：A　根据下文提到的两点可知，人们需要做到这两点才会让生态游成功。故A项正确。‎ ‎12．A.polite B．sincere ‎ C．doubtful D．grateful 答案：B　根据下文“their commitment to improving the environment”可知，既然是承诺改善环境，那么态度应该真诚。故B项正确。‎ ‎13．A.mines B．factories ‎ C．schools D．hotels 答案：D　根据常识并结合选项可知，生态旅游给当地人提供了在公园、宾馆和商店工作的机会。故D项正确。‎ - 22 -‎ ‎14．A.ban B．result ‎ C．decline D．appearance 答案：C　本段列举了生态旅游的好处。根据下文“Former hunters can now work as guides”可知，以前的狩猎者现在可以当导游，所以生态游的一个成就就是非法狩猎行为有所减少。故C项正确。‎ ‎15．A.close B．safe C．friendly D．active 答案：B　根据上文可知，生态游使非法狩猎行为减少了，以前的狩猎者现在当导游，这样有助于保证动物的安全。故B项正确。‎ ‎16．A.influences B．examines ‎ C．balances D．improves 答案：D　本段列举了生态旅游的好处。根据最后一段中的“local people's living standards have improved”可知，生态旅游也可以改善当地居民的生活质量。故D项正确。‎ ‎17．A.environment B．law C．economy D．hosts 答案：A　根据下文“following Peru's __20__ and using ecotourism to preserve their environment”可知，秘鲁利用生态游来提高人们对环境的尊重意识。故A项正确。‎ ‎18．A.effect B．theory ‎ C．focus D．discussion 答案：C　根据语境可知，此处指秘鲁将重点放在可持续旅游上。A项意为“影响”；B项意为“理论”；C项意为“重点；焦点”；D项意为“讨论”。故C项正确。‎ ‎19．A.But for B．According to ‎ C．In spite of D．In addition to 答案：D　根据语境可知，此处指除了能更好地保护雨林之外，生态游还有一个优势，即提高了当地人的生活水平。A项意为“要不是”；B项意为“根据”；C项意为“尽管”；D项意为“除……之外”。故D项正确。‎ ‎20．A.example B．rule ‎ C．advice D．tradition 答案：A　根据语境可知，此处指许多国家都效仿秘鲁，利用生态游保护环境。follow one's example意为“效仿某人”，符合语境。故A项正确。‎ Cloze 1‎ 限时12分钟 ‎(2020·惠州市高三第一次调研考试试题)It's once again been declared the world's most popular museum. __1__， it may not be a __2__ thing for the Louvre (卢浮宫) in Paris.‎ The museum broke its own __3__ in 2018, welcoming 10.2 million __4__ and claiming the top spot in an index of the world's most－visited museums.‎ But the Louvre's uptick (小幅增加) in visitors is __5__ too much for many of its - 22 -‎ ‎ workers. And __6__ by reception and security staff over the number of tourists __7__ through its doors have hit opening hours throughout the week.‎ ‎“The Louvre is suffocating (使人窒息的)，” the workers' union said in a statement. “The public has increased by more than 20% since 2009, but the palace has not grown，” it __8__.‎ The museum was __9__ on Monday and opened later than advertised on Wednesday, due to a __10__ with the dissatisfied workers. Visitors have __11__ outside the building throughout the week, and those without bookings have been __12__.‎ Although tensions with its workers __13__， the museum's bottom line is looking __14__. The Louvre broke its 2012 __15__ record last year, marking a dramatic __16__ from a sharp downturn in visits in 2017. The downturn was due to a sudden decrease in __17__ in Paris.‎ The social media that are __18__ about Beyoncé and Jay－Z's music __19__ filmed at the museum may have affected that increase.‎ But while visitor numbers rose at the Louvre, overall attendance was relatively __20__ among the top 20 museums in the world last year. Attendance grew among the top 20 by just 0.1% from 2017 to 2018.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了游客量的增加使巴黎卢浮宫不堪重负。巴黎卢浮宫2018年的游客量打破其以往纪录，给其工作人员带来重压甚至导致罢工，但带来的收益很可观。‎ ‎1．A.Moreover B．However ‎ C．Finally D．Eventually 答案：B　上文是说卢浮宫又一次被宣布成为世界上最受欢迎的博物馆。根据该句中的“may not be”及下文游客量上升给卢浮宫工作人员带来的重压可知，此处表示转折，意为“然而，对于巴黎卢浮宫来说，这可能不是一件很好的事情”。故选B。‎ ‎2．A.splendid B．skeptical ‎ C．tough D．sad 答案：A　splendid意为“极佳的，非常好的”；skeptical意为“怀疑的”；tough意为“困难的；棘手”。由句意知应选A。‎ ‎3．A.promise B．rule C．record D．law 答案：C　根据该句中的“the top spot”并结合语境可知，这家博物馆接待了1,020万游客，打破了它的纪录。故选C。‎ ‎4．A.musicians B．artists C．visitors D．volunteers 答案：C　由语境知此处表示游客，故选C。‎ ‎5．A.acquiring B．suffering ‎ C．blaming D．proving 答案：D　根据下文中的“The Louvre is suffocating - 22 -‎ ‎ (使人窒息的)”可知，卢浮宫的游客量的这个小幅增加最后证明(prove)是卢浮宫的工作人员所不能承受的。‎ ‎6．A.strikes B．quarrels ‎ C．fights D．contests 答案：A　根据下文工会在一份声明中所说的话可知，因为涌入博物馆大门的游客太多，接待处和安保处的工作人员实行罢工，故选A。‎ ‎7．A.flooding B．jumping ‎ C．crawling D．slipping 答案：A　flood意为“大量涌入”；crawl意为“爬行”；slip意为“悄悄疾行；溜”。由句意知，此处应选A。‎ ‎8．A.stopped B．added ‎ C．started D．paused 答案：B　根据上文内容可知，工会在一份声明中表态，此处应是工会补充说。‎ ‎9．A.decorated B．repaired ‎ C．visited D．closed 答案：D　根据本句中的“opened”并结合语境可知，该博物馆在星期一的时候闭馆，后来又于周三开放。故选D。‎ ‎10．A.lecture B．meeting ‎ C．speech D．lesson 答案：B　结合选项和常识可知，推迟开放的原因是一次和对现状不满意的卢浮宫工作人员的会议，故选B。‎ ‎11．A.queued B．dined ‎ C．helped D．served 答案：A　根据该句中的“outside the building”并结合选项可知，此处表示游客在卢浮宫外面排队等候，故选A。‎ ‎12．A.turned up B．turned over C．turned away D．turned on 答案：C　根据上文游客量太大，有票的还需排队等候可知，那些没有订票的游客就被拒绝进入博物馆。turn sb. away意为“把某人拒之门处，不准某人进入”，故选C。‎ ‎13．A.die out B．pay off C．fade away D．go on 答案：D　尽管博物馆和工作人员的这种紧张关系正在继续，但是博物馆的收益看起来还是很可观。‎ ‎14．A.healthy B．funny ‎ C．tinny D．cozy 答案：A　healthy “健康的”；tinny “(声音)尖细的”；cozy “温暖舒适的”。bottom line表示盈亏线，故此处应用healthy。‎ ‎15．A.quality B．attendance ‎ C．photo D．worker 答案：B　卢浮宫于去年打破了它在2012年创下的游客到访(attendance)纪录，故选B。‎ - 22 -‎ ‎16．A.alarm B．attack ‎ C．recovery D．prediction 答案：C　由上文提及破记录可知，相对于2017年游客量急剧下降，2018年是一个巨大的“回升”。故选C。‎ ‎17．A.paintings B．products ‎ C．population D．tourism 答案：D　参观卢浮宫属于旅游行业。tourism表示“旅游业”。‎ ‎18．A.innocent B．selfish ‎ C．crazy D．generous 答案：C　此处表示对在卢浮宫拍摄的Beyoncé和Jay－Z特别痴迷的社交媒体也造成了此次游客量的增加。be crazy about sb./sth. “对某人/某物着迷”为固定搭配。‎ ‎19．A.concert B．video C．festival D．industry 答案：B　根据语境可知，此处指这两位红歌手的音乐录影带(video)在博物馆取景拍摄，故选B。‎ ‎20．A.high B．huge C．round D．flat 答案：D　根据该句中的“But while”和下文中的“by just 0.1%”可知，虽然卢浮官的游客量是上升的，但是世界上前20名的博物馆的整体的到访率相对而言是不景气的(flat)。‎ Cloze 2‎ 限时12分钟 ‎(2019·重庆七校高三上学期联合考试)The job of raising children is a tough one. Children don't come with an instruction manual (说明书). And each child is __1__. So parents sometimes pull their hair out in frustration, not __2__ what to do. But in raising children, what we do is __3__ by our culture. Naturally then, American parents teach their children basic American __4__.‎ To Americans, the goal of parents is to help children __5__ on their own feet. From __6__， each child may get his or her own room. As children grow, they get more __7__ to make their own choices. __8__ choose their own forms of entertainment, as well as the friends to __9__ them with. When they __10__ young adulthood, they choose their own jobs and marriage __11__. Of course, many young adults still __12__ their parents' advice and approval for the choices they make. But once they “leave the __13__” at around 18 to 21 years old, they want to be on their own, not __14__ to their mothers' apron strings (围裙带)．‎ ‎ The relationship between parents and children in America is very informal. American parents __15__ their children as individuals—not as extensions of themselves. They __16__ them to achieve their own dreams. Americans praise, encourage and give their children the __17__ to succeed. When - 22 -‎ ‎ children become adults, their parents become more like __18__. But __19__ to popular belief, most adult Americans don't make their parents pay for room and board when their parents come to __20__ them. Even as adults, they respect and honor their parents. ‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国人养育孩子的方式。‎ ‎1．A.strange B．different C．new D．unlike 答案：B　根据语境和常识可知，每个孩子都是不同的(different)，故选B。‎ ‎2．A.noticing B．remembering ‎ C．knowing D．deciding 答案：C　与上文“Children don't come with an instruction manual (说明书)．”呼应可推知，父母不知道(knowing)如何应对，很沮丧，故选C。‎ ‎3．A.influenced B．made ‎ C．controlled D．changed 答案：A　根据语境和常识可推知，父母在养育孩子方面的做法会受相关文化的影响(influenced)，故选A。‎ ‎4．A.services B．standards ‎ C．laws D．values 答案：D　与上文“by our culture”呼应可推知，此处表示美国的父母会教给孩子们基本的美国式价值观(values)，故选D。‎ ‎5．A.sit B．get ‎ C．stand D．rise 答案：C　根据语境可知，此处表示帮助孩子独立，与下文“they want to be on their own”呼应。stand on one's own feet为固定用法，表示“独立自主，自立”。故选C。‎ ‎6．A.adulthood B．girlhood C．boyhood D．childhood 答案：D　根据下文“As children grow”可推知，此处表示从幼年(childhood)开始，孩子们就有属于自己的房间，故选D。‎ ‎7．A.freedom B．space ‎ C．time D．money 答案：A　根据语境以及下文“to make their own choices”可推知，随着孩子们长大，他们有更多的自由(freedom)去自己作决定。‎ ‎8．A.Adults B．Teenagers ‎ C．Americans D．Parents 答案：B　承接上文“As children grow”，并与下文“When they __10__ young adulthood”呼应可推知，此处表示青少年(Teenagers)，故选B。‎ ‎9．A.help B．join ‎ C．share D．provide 答案：‎ - 22 -‎ C　根据语境可知，此处表示青少年自己选择娱乐的方式，以及分享(share)这些娱乐方式的朋友。share sth. with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”，故选C。‎ ‎10．A.gain B．pass ‎ C．become D．reach 答案：D　结合语境及下文中的“young adulthood”可推知，此处表示孩子们到(reach)了人生的另一个阶段，故选D。‎ ‎11．A.wives B．partners ‎ C．husbands D．couples 答案：B　根据语境及空前的“marriage”可知，此处表示选择他们的配偶(partners)，故选B。‎ ‎12．A.seek B．invite ‎ C．try D．choose 答案：A　根据该句中的“still”“advice”，并结合常识可推知，对于自己的选择，许多年轻人会寻求(seek)父母的建议和赞同。‎ ‎13．A.room B．study ‎ C．nest D．place 答案：C　根据下文中的“they want to be on their own, not __14__ to their mothers' apron strings (围裙带)”和空前的“leave”可推知，孩子们在18岁到21岁左右离家独立。leave/fly the nest为固定用法，表示“搬出父母家，离家独立”。故选C。‎ ‎14．A.connected B．held ‎ C．stuck D．tied 答案：D　根据上文中的“they want to be on their own”，并结合语境可推知，此处表示长大成人的孩子们不想系(tied)在妈妈的围裙带上，想独立自主，故选D。be tied to sth. 意为“和某物联系在一起，依附于某物”。‎ ‎15．A.look B．view C．think D．recognize 答案：B　根据语境可知，此处表示美国父母把孩子们视为(view)个体。固定词组view ... as ... 意为“把……视为……”，符合语境，故选B。‎ ‎16．A.hope B．suggest C．allow D．command 答案：C　根据语境可知，此处表示美国父母允许(allow)孩子们去实现他们自己的梦想。固定词组allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，符合语境，故选C。‎ ‎17．A.power B．trust C．energy D．confidence 答案：D　根据语境以及该句中的“praise”“encourage”可推知，美国父母给予孩子们信心(confidence)去获得成功，故选D。‎ ‎18．A.friends B．companions ‎ C．members D．seniors 答案：A　根据上文“The relationship between parents and children in America is very - 22 -‎ ‎ informal.”并结合语境可推知，当孩子们长大成人，父母会变得更像孩子的朋友(friends)了，故选A。‎ ‎19．A.known B．similar C．contrary D．due 答案：C　But表示转折，根据语境可知，此处表示与普遍的看法相反。固定词组contrary to sth.意为“与……相反”，故选C。‎ ‎20．A.notice B．visit ‎ C．watch D．observe 答案：B　根据语境可推知，此处表示当父母来访(visit)时，美国人并不会让父母支付食宿费用，故选B。‎ Cloze 3‎ 限时12分钟 ‎(2019·福建福州龙泰一中高三自考)In many movies and books set in the future, robots can fly spaceships, work as maids or butlers, and even act as police officers. ‎ The 5foot, 300pound “K‎5”‎ robots are part of a trial program to __1__ a machine's ability to perform the duties of a safety officer. The robots are __2__ with HD security cameras, sensors, alarms, etc. In addition, they have an artificial intelligence system that will __3__ a human security guard if the robots notice anything unusual.‎ The robots' __4__ can also analyze faces and read license plates. The robots can check whether a plate __5__ belongs to a stolen vehicle. Plus, the robots' onboard cameras are able to __6__ good quality video in lowlight conditions.‎ The K5 is able to __7__ through its environment by using GPS as well as an internal navigation system. Each time the K5 is brought to a __8__ place, a human uses a wireless controller to __9__ the robot around the area. This helps the K5 “learn” about its __10__.‎ ‎“You give it a base map and then it starts __11__ from that，” says Stacy Stephens, the cofounder of Knightscope.‎ Unlike humans, the K5 security guards don't need __12__—they can work almost 24 hours a day. The robots run on rechargeable batteries, and a single __13__ lasts 24 hours. If a robot notices that its battery is getting __14__， it will return to a charging port and plug itself __15__. It takes only 15－20 minutes for it to fully recharge, so the K5s are not out of __16__ for long.‎ The robots don't carry weapons, but it's still not a good idea to __17__ with them. An earpiercing alarm will sound __18__ the K5 is detained for more than a few minutes.‎ ‎“Because they are designed to do the kind of work a human security guard would __19__ do, the robots take away the repetitive and sometimes __20__ guard work，” Stephens explains.‎ - 22 -‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可以从事保安人员所做工作的名为“K5”的机器人。‎ ‎1．A.improve B．change ‎ C．influence D．test ‎ 答案：D　根据前面的“a trial program to”和后面的“a machine's ability”可知，这个项目是验证机器履行安全员职责的能力 ‎2．A.equipped B．furnished ‎ C．fixed D．decorated ‎ 答案：A　结合后面的“with HD security cameras, sensors, alarms, etc”可知，这些机器人装备了高清安全摄像机、传感器、警报器等。‎ ‎3．A.approach B．warn ‎ C．represent D．defend ‎ 答案：B　结合后面的“a human security guard if the robots notice anything unusual”可知，如果有异常情况，机器人就提醒安保员。‎ ‎4．A.surface B．mind ‎ C．software D．head ‎ 答案：C　结合前面的“they have an artificial intelligence system”可知，机器人“K5”的软件可以识别面孔和汽车的牌照。‎ ‎5．A.number B．size ‎ C．shape D．weight ‎ 答案：A　结合空格前面的“The robots can check whether a plate”和后面的“belongs to a stolen vehicle”可知，机器人“K5”能够核对牌照的数字是否属于一辆被盗的车。‎ ‎6．A.keep B．gather ‎ C．watch D．record ‎ 答案：D　根据空前的“cameras”和后面的“good quality video in lowlight conditions”可知，机器人“K5”可以录制高清视频。‎ ‎7．A.go B．move ‎ C．see D．look 答案：B　根据后面的“through its environment by using GPS as well as an internal navigation system”可知，机器人“K5”可以利用GPS和内部的导航系统进行活动。‎ ‎8．A.distant B．busy ‎ C．new D．clean ‎ 答案：C　结合后面的“the robot around the area”可知，把机器人“K5”带到一个新的地方。‎ ‎9．A.guide B．show ‎ C．carry D．transport ‎ 答案：A　根据空格前面的“a human uses a wireless controller”和后面的“the robot around the area”可知，人们可以使用无线遥控指导机器人。‎ ‎10．A.gestures B．signals ‎ C．behaviors D．surroundings ‎ - 22 -‎ 答案：D　与前面的“a __8__ place”呼应，指机器人“K5”可以了解自己周围的环境。‎ ‎11．A.escaping B．suffering ‎ C．building D．learning ‎ 答案：C　结合前面的“You give it a base map and then”可知，人们给机器人“K5”一个基本的地图，然后它就可以自己在这个基础上构建周围的情况。‎ ‎12．A.meals B．breaks ‎ C．rewards D．repairs ‎ 答案：B　根据后面的“they can work almost 24 hours a day”可知，它可以连续工作，所以不需要休息。‎ ‎13．A.charge B．duty ‎ C．task D．activity ‎ 答案：A　根据前面的“The robots run on rechargeable batteries”可知，充一次电可以持续工作24个小时。‎ ‎14．A.old B．bad ‎ C．low D．poor ‎ 答案：C　根据后面的“it will return to a charging port”可知，此处指如果它的电量不足。‎ ‎15．A.in B．away ‎ C．out D．off ‎ 答案：A　结合前面的“it will return to a charging port and plug itself”可知，电快要用尽的时候，它就自己回到充电的地方，自己充电。plug sth. in “给……接通电源”。‎ ‎16．A.order B．work ‎ C．control D．service ‎ 答案：D　根据前面的“It takes only 15－20 minutes for it to fully recharge”可知，它充电很快，因此它暂停服务的时间很短。‎ ‎17．A.play B．mess ‎ C．struggle D．deal ‎ 答案：B　结合前面的“The robots don't carry weapons, but it's still not a good idea”和后面的“with them”可知，现在让这个机器人携带武器是不合适的。mess with ... “卷入(有害的事)”。‎ ‎18．A.though B．unless ‎ C．as D．if ‎ 答案：D　根据后面的“the K5 is detained for more than a few minutes”可知，如果机器人“K5”被困超过几分钟的话，就会发出警报。‎ ‎19．A.normally B．safely ‎ C．fearfully D．occasionally ‎ 答案：A　根据本句中的“the repetitive and sometimes __20__ guard work”可知，一个普通的安全人员通常做的事情。‎ - 22 -‎ ‎20．A.peaceful B．dangerous ‎ C．hopeful D．energetic ‎ 答案：B　指机器人“K5”替普通保安人员做一些重复性的、危险的工作。‎ Cloze 4‎ 限时12分钟 ‎(2019·陕西咸阳高三质检)Listening to fish is a good way to get to know them. Hundreds, if not thousands, of fish species make __1__.‎ Scientists launched an experiment to __2__ deepsea fishes. They handed the devices over to fishers, who __3__ them into an underwater valley more than 600 meters deep. Twentyfour hours later, the scientists took them back to the __4__ for a listen.‎ Those recordings proved the deep sea is anything but __5__. The scientists reported hearing a wealth of biological sounds. Sounds of whales, as well as dolphins __6__ in the recording. In addition, the researchers heard a variety of __7__ sounds. At least some of these came from fish. ‎ Fishers have reported hearing fish sounds __8__ the sea for hundreds of years. Listening to fish in their home habitat can provide scientists with a lot of information without __9__ the animals. Sounds can __10__ where fish are living without catching them in nets.To know where fish spawn, for example, scientists often have to catch, kill or annoy fish in their __11__. A researcher who __12__ the sound of the mating call of a certain fish, on the other hand, can know just by listening __13__ that fish reproduces.‎ ‎“If you know what a fish sound is, then you have a really __14__ tool，” researcher Rountree says. “Once you know a number of __15__ sounds, you can do a census based on the sounds.” ‎ Because so few studies have been done, indepth studies of fish sounds __16__ the promise of many new discoveries. “__17__ makes my day，” he says. “This is a huge area we don't know anything about. It just __18__ out to me, and I've got to go and find out. Anyone who's interested can get involved __19__. You can go almost anywhere, like local ponds, lakes and rivers, and be the first person to __20__ a fish sound, and the first person to describe it.”‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家通过听鱼的声音来了解和研究鱼类的情况。‎ ‎1．A.risks B．sounds ‎ C．mistakes D．friends ‎ 答案：B　根据首句中的“Listening to fish is a good way”可知，很多鱼能够发出声音。‎ ‎2．A.listen to B．look for ‎ C．watch over D．get through ‎ 答案：A　结合前面的“Scientists launched an experiment to”和本段最后的“... for - 22 -‎ ‎ a listen”可知，科学家进行实验听鱼发出的声音。‎ ‎3．A.flew B．divided ‎ C．fixed D．dropped ‎ 答案：D　根据后面的“them into an underwater valley more than 600 meters deep”可知，这些科学家会把这些设备送到‎600米深的水里。drop “把某物送至某处”符合前后语境。‎ ‎4．A.lab B．home ‎ C．ship D．surface ‎ 答案：A　结合前面的“Twentyfour hours later, the scientists took them back”可知，科学家们把这些设备拿到实验室去倾听，进行研究。‎ ‎5．A.dangerous B．silent ‎ C．dark D．cold ‎ 答案：B　根据前面的“Those recordings proved the deep sea is anything but”及下文的“a wealth of biological sounds”可知，这些录制的东西证明深海一点也不安静。‎ ‎6．A.gave away B．set up ‎ C．turned up D．sent off ‎ 答案：C　结合空格前面的“Sounds of whales, as well as dolphins”和空格后面的“in the recording”可知，这些录制的材料中出现了鲸鱼和海豚的声音。‎ ‎7．A.sweet B．rough ‎ C．unknown D．sharp ‎ 答案：C　与前面的“whales”和“dolphins”对比可知，还有一些未知的声音。‎ ‎8．A.of B．at ‎ C．on D．from ‎ 答案：D　根据空格前面的“Fishers have reported hearing fish sounds”和后面的“the sea for hundreds of years”可知，几百年来，渔民们听到来自大海的鱼声。‎ ‎9．A.raising B．disturbing ‎ C．approaching D．training ‎ 答案：B　根据第10空所在句子中的“without catching them in nets”可知，这样听鱼的声音，不会干扰其他动物的生活。‎ ‎10．A.expose B．follow ‎ C．mean D．ensure ‎ 答案：A　结合后面的“where fish are living without catching them in nets”可知，这些声音能够揭示这些鱼居住在哪里，而不必用网逮住它们。‎ ‎11．A.favour B．action ‎ C．environment D．life ‎ 答案：C　根据前面的“To know where fish spawn, for example, scientists often have to catch, kill or annoy fish”可知，为了了解鱼的生产等，科学家们常常需要在它们的生存环境中逮捕、杀死或者惊扰鱼类等。‎ ‎12．A.records B．identifies ‎ - 22 -‎ C．produce D．make ‎ 答案：B　根据后面的“the sound of the mating call of a certain fish”可知，这些人们可以辨识某种鱼交配的声音。‎ ‎13．A.where B．how ‎ C．why D．when ‎ 答案：A　由上文可知，此处指科学研究人员仅仅从鱼发出的声音就可以判断鱼在哪儿生产。‎ ‎14．A.expensive B．magical ‎ C．valuable D．necessary ‎ 答案：C　根据第15空所在句子中的“you can do a census based on the sounds”可知，此处指有价值的工具。‎ ‎15．A.bird B．fish ‎ C．wave D．sailor 答案：B　上文反复地提到了fish的声音，因此这里表示听鱼的声音。‎ ‎16．A.change B．destroy ‎ C．keep D．offer ‎ 答案：D　根据前面的“Because so few studies have been done”可知，对于鱼发出声音的研究很少，因此这个深入的研究为更多新发现的诞生带来了希望。‎ ‎17．A.Discovery B．Disappointment ‎ C．Regret D．Worry ‎ 答案：A　与前面的“many new discoveries”呼应，指新发现让“我”非常快活。make sb.'s day “使某人一天非常快活”。‎ ‎18．A.turns B．swims ‎ C．cries D．sets ‎ 答案：C　It指代前面的huge area，且由后面的“I've got to go find out”可知，此处指这一领域在召唤“我”。‎ ‎19．A.secretly B．actively ‎ C．slightly D．rarely ‎ 答案：B　根据语境可知，那些对此有兴趣的人都可以积极地参与这个实验项目。‎ ‎20．A.hear B．make ‎ C．copy D．reduce 答案：A　结合后面的“a fish sound, and the first person to describe it”可知，此处指第一个听见鱼声音的人，成为第一个描绘鱼声音的人。‎ - 22 -‎