2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案（31页word解析版） 31页

2019 届一轮复习人教版选修八 Unit 3Inventors and inventions 单 元学案 　　　　　 一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇 Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉) [第一屏听写] 1．patent n．　　　　　　　 专利证书；专利权 2．courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井 3．walnut n. 胡桃；胡桃木 4．powder n. 粉末；火药 5．perfume n. 香水；香味　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第二屏听写] 6．version n．　　　　 　　 版本；译本 7．extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸 8．triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体 9．criterion n．(pl.criteria) (评判的)标准；尺度 10．string n. 线；绳子；一串 11．glue n. 胶；胶水 vt. 粘贴；粘合　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第三屏听写] 12．greengrocer n．　　　　 蔬菜水果商 (pl.) 蔬菜水果店 13．refrigerator n. 冰箱 14．jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱 15．microphone n. 麦克风；话筒 16．multiple adj. 多种的；多样的；多类型的 n. 倍数　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第四屏听写] 17．dynamic adj.　　　　 充满活力的；精力充沛的； 动态的；发展变化的 18．personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员 19．helicopter n. 直升飞机 20．cube n. 立方体；立方 21．cubic adj. 立方的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英) [第五屏听写] 1．distinguish vi.&vt.　 　 显示……的差别； 使……有所不同；辨别 2．merciful_ adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的 3．product n. 产品 4．abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的 5．abruptly adv. 突然地；唐突地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第六屏听写] 6．convenient adj.　　 　　 便利的；方便的；就近的 7．caution n. 小心；谨慎 8．expectation n. 预料；期待；期望 9．passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的 10．merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第七屏听写] 11．merrily adv.　　　 高兴地；愉快地 12．seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺 13．recognition n. 认出；认可；承认 14．claim n．& vt. 要求；声称；主张 15．file n. 文件；档案；文件夹 vt. 提交；将……归档　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第八屏听写] 16．competence n．　 　 能力；胜任；本领 17．valid adj. 有效的；确凿的 18．ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的 19．freezing adj. 冰冻的；严寒的 20．identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第九屏听写] 21．dial vt.　　　　　　 拨(电话) 22．rainfall_ n. 降雨 23．innocent adj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的 24．bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担 25．forehead n. 额头 26．occasionally adv. 偶然地；不时地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第十屏听写] 27．tap vt.&vi.　　　　 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头 28．current n. (水或气)流；电流 adj. 现在的；当前的 29．stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的 30．invaluable adj. 无价的；极宝贵的 31．associate vt. 联想；联系 n. 同伴；伙伴　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第十一屏听写] 32．practical_ adj.　　 　 实际的；实践的；实用的 33．directory n. 电话簿；商行名录 34．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 35．set_out_(to_do)_ 开始(做) 36．call_up 给……打电话 37．now_and_then 偶尔；有时 38．set_about 开始；着手　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第十二屏听写] 39．hang_on_　　　　　　 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 40．out_of_order_ 次序颠倒；发生故障 41．get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)； (设法)做完；通过 42．ring_back 回复电话 43．ring_off_ 挂断电话　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾 (一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识 记 单 词 写 对 Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉) 1.patent n．　　专利证书；专 利权 2.courtyard n. 院子；庭院； 天井 3.perfume n. 香水；香味 4.cube n. 立方体；立方 5.cubic adj. 立方的 6.string n. 线；绳子；一串 7.greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果商； 蔬菜水果店 8.jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱 9.microphone n. 麦克风；话筒 10.dynamic adj. 充满活力的； 精力充沛的 11.personnel n. 人力资源；人 事部；全体人员 12.multipleadj.　　　多种的； 多样的；多类型的 n. 倍数 13.extension n. 电话分机； 扩大；延伸 Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英) 1.forehead n. 额头 2.valid adj. 有效的；确凿的 3.ripe adj. 成熟的；熟的 4.passive adj. 被动的；消极 的；被动语态的 5.invaluable adj. 无价的； 极宝贵的 6.directory n. 电话簿；商行 名录 7.rainfall n. 降雨 核 心 单 词 练 通 1.I seized (抓住) the opportunity to practise my spoken English. 2.You need special software to view the information in the_file(s) (文件)． 3.Nowadays many old people have to bear (忍受) miserable loneliness after their sons or daughters leave home for work. 4.The suspect tapped (轻敲) the table nervously with fingers to hide his fear inside. 5.We believe that only a stable (稳定的) and fully confident middle class will guarantee the stability and prosperity of Hong Kong. 6.The news on smartphones saves people much time reading through newspapers for current (当前的) affairs. 7.I dialed (拨打) 120 and waited there until she was taken to hospital. 8.Twenty­five percent of the students claimed (声称) that it is the family genes that are to blame. 9.The abrupt ( 突 然 的 ) change of the climate has drawn worldwide attention to the benefit of green energy. 10.You could hear them singing and dancing merrily (高兴地) out in the street. 拓 展 单 词 用 活 [记全记牢] 1.distinguish vi.&vt.显示……的 差 别 ； 使 … … 有 所 不 同 ； 辨 别 → distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的； 杰出的 2.mercifuladj.宽大的；慈悲的；仁 慈的→merciless adj.残忍的；无情 的→mercy n．宽恕；仁慈 3.product n．产品→produce v．生 产→producer n．生产者；制片人 4.convenient adj.便利的；方便的； [用准用活] 1.Children are innocent,_as a future teacher I have a childlike_innocence and I will really love them. (innocent) 2.He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution.You should get on with him 就近的→convenience n．方便；便利 →conveniently adv.便利地 5.caution n．小心；谨慎→cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的→cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地 6.expectation n．预料；期待；期 望→expect v．预料；期待；期望； 认为 7.recognition n．认出；认可；承认→ recognize vt.认出；识别；承认 8.freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→ freeze v．冰冻→frozen adj.冻结的 9.identification n．鉴定；辨认； 确定；身份证明→identity n．身份； 同一性→identical adj.同一的；完 全相同的→identify v．确定；鉴别 10.innocent adj.清白的；天真的； 无罪的→innocence n．天真；清白 11.occasionally adv.偶然地；不时 地 → occasional adj. 偶 然 的 → occasion n．时机；机会；场合 12.associate vt.联想；联系 n．同 伴；伙伴→association n．联系；联 盟；协会 13.practical adj.实际的；实践的； cautiously.(caution) 3.You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient,_that is, at his convenience. His house is conveniently near the bus stop. (convenient) 4.In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isn’t any association between them. (associate) 5.He is such a merciful man and always has mercy on those homeless animals but sometimes he can be merciless to those he doesn’t like.(mercy) 6.The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone but was expected to go out. (expect) 实用的→practice n ．实践；练习 v．练习；训练 14.competence n．能力；胜任；本领→ competent adj.能胜任的；称职的； 有能力的 7.It is freezing outside now, and more snow is falling on already frozen streets. (freeze) 8.This is my occasional_visit to the theme park, in which I occasionally meet the cartoon characters I like most. (occasion) 9.Although there are many practical difficulties in learning oral English, you must keep practicing speaking every day. (practice) ⇩积 得 多平时多输入，用时顺手出 1.后缀­ive 形容 词集锦 ①active　主动 的 ②passive 被动 的 ③positive 积 2.表示“抓住”的 相关动词一览 ①seize　抓住；捉 住 ②catch 抓住；接 住 ③grasp 抓住；掌 3.含 fore­前缀的单 词面面观 ①forehead n．额头 ②forearm n. 前臂 ③forecast vt. 预 报 ④foreseevt. 预见； 极的 ④negative 消 极的 ⑤ subjective 主观的 ⑥objective 客 观的 握 ④clutch 抓住； 紧握 ⑤capture 抓住； 俘获 ⑥grapple 抓住； 格斗 预知 ⑤forewordn. 前言 ⑥foretellv. 预言； 预示 (二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 先 写 对 再 用 准 第 一 组 1.call_up　给……打电 话；使想起 2.now_and_then 偶尔； 有时 3.dive_into 一心投入； 迅速把手伸入 4.ring_off 挂断电话 5.hang_on 不挂断；稍等； 紧紧握住 　 Xiao Ming always dreams of inventing a new mobile phone that doesn ’ t do harm to people’s eyes. He ①dives_into his dreaming inventions after school every day. ② Now_and_then he ③calls_up his science teacher to consult some questions. His teacher never ④ rings_off until Xiao Ming gets a satisfying answer. 第二 组 1.set_about　开始；着手 2.set_out_(to_do) 开始 (做) 3.out_of_order 次序颠 Last year, Xiao Ming ① set_about designing his new mobile phone after he figured out all the puzzling problems. 倒；发生故障 4.get_through 设法联系 上(尤指打通电话)； (设法)做完；通过；度过 5.ring_back 回复电话 He did ②get_through a lot of pains during his work. To his pain, the phone he is using now is often ③ out_of_order,_especially when he ④rings others back. How he hopes to invent his new phone earlier！ ⇩积 得 多平时多输入，用时顺手出 1.“v.＋into”短 语荟萃 ①dive into　　一 心投入 ②burst into 突 然闯入 ③run into 撞上 ④look into 调查 ⑤knock into 撞 上 ⑥break into 破 门而入 2.“偶尔；有时”词汇全 接触 ①now and then　偶尔； 有时 ②now and again 有时； 时而 ③from time to time 有 时；偶尔 ④at times 偶尔；有时 ⑤onceinawhile 偶尔； 有时 ⑥on occasion 偶尔； 有时 3.“动词＋back”短 语一览 ①take back　拿回； 撤销 ②bring back 带回； 使恢复 ③look back 回顾 ④dateback 追溯到 ⑤keep back 隐瞒； 忍住 ⑥holdback 控制住 (三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 1.Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. 在碗的内壁和外壁之间有 些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。 “连词＋过去分 词”省略结构。 一旦曝光，胶卷就会 被损坏而不能用了。 Once_exposed_to_li ght,_the film will be damaged and get useless. 2.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. (评定)专利标准是很严格 的，除非新的想法真是新颖 的，否则很难被接受。 so ...that ...引 导结果状语从句。 他的发明如此实用以 至于很快就获得了专 利。 His invention was so_practical _that he soon got a patent. 3.Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟踪下去，不断探索，不知 不觉中，你就会发现某种值 得思考的东西占据着你的 祈使句＋and＋ 陈述句。 好好学习，天天向上。 Study_hard_and_you _will_make_progres s_ every day. 头脑。 考点新组合 阅读微技能 To be a true inventor Can you distinguish discovery and invention? A discovery is said to be an accident meeting a prepared mind ________ ❶ invention is something one finds that did not exist before.As we know, inventors often associate their new ideas ________ ❷ their new inventions.Come on, and you can also invent your new things just like Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison❸. 1.①处可填入的词为 while，表示 前后对比，意为“而”。 2.②处可填入的词为 with;_它与 associate 构 成 的 短 语 可 以 用 connect ... with ...; link ...to ...等来替换。 3.③处的句式结构为“祈使句＋ and＋陈述句”。 1．distinguish vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨 别 (1)distinguish between A and B　 区分 A 和 B distinguish ... from ... 把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself as 作为……而出名 (2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for ... 因……而出名 be distinguished as ... 作为……而出名 [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①It’s important to distinguish reality from dreams. ②Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong. ③As far as we all know, Lang Ping has already distinguished herself as_a great volleyball coach in the world. ④On the other hand, Shanghai Museum, a well­known and distinguished (distinguish) museum at home and abroad, is more professional in holding painting exhibitions. 单句改错 ⑤We all know that Yuan Longping is distinguished as his scientific achievements.as→for 2．associate vt.联想；联系 n．同伴，伙伴 (1)associate ...with ...　 使……与……联系起来 associate with sb. 与某人交往/联系 be associated with 与……有关 (2)association n. 联系；联盟；协会 in association with 与……联合/有关联 [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①If you associate with positive­thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. ② There are many serious health problems which are associated (associate) with smoking. 补全句子 ③We are working in_association_with a local company to raise money for the homeless. 我们正与一家当地公司联合为无家可归的人筹钱。 3．“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式 Follow_it_up,_explore_all_around_it,_and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的 东西占据着你的头脑。 (1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句 (2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If ... not ...， ＋主句 (3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句 ①Follow_your_doctor’s_advice,_and you will get better soon. 接受医生的建议，你很快就会好的。 ②Don’t leave your bike here, or_you_will_be_fined. 不要把你的自行车放在这里，否则你会被罚款的。 ③A_few_minutes_earlier,_and I could have seen the famous scientist. 要是早来几分钟的话，我就能见到那位著名科学家了。 考点新组合 阅读微技能 To be a true inventor If you can ’ t bear ❶ the inconvenience that something brings to you, you can get yourself through the difficulties and invent something more convenient. More importantly, don’t forget to call the patent office up before you apply for the patent. A patent is an exclusive right granted by the government and can protect the inventor’s interests. In this sense, you are a true inventor. 1.①处单词 bear 的意思是“忍 受 ”， 它 的 同 义 表 达 还 有 ： stand;_tolerate;_put_up_with 等。 2.What should you do first if you invent something？(　D　) A.Bear the inconvenience brought by the old things. B.Get yourself through the difficulties. C.Invent something more convenient. D.Apply to the patent office for the patent. 4．bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；记住；生育；结果实 [练牢基点]　写出下列句中 bear 的含义 ①Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？负担；承担 ②He can’t bear being laughed at in public.忍受 ③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.生育 ④Some of the newly­planted apple trees have also begun to bear.结果实 [系统考点] (1)bear doing/to do sth.　　　　　　 忍受做某事 bear sb./sb.’s doing sth. 忍受某人做某事 (2)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事 bear/keep in mind that ... 记住…… [练通重点]　单句语法填空 ⑤I can’t bear young people casting_(cast) away their youth. ⑥Please bear in mind that success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure. 5．getthrough 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过； 度过；用完；耗尽 [一词多义]　写出下列句中 get through 的含义 ①My new secretary is very quick. She got through a lot of work in one morning. 设法做完 ②I couldn’t get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then. 打通电话 ③Luckily, the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through. 通过 ④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用完 [归纳拓展] get (sth.) across (to sb.)　 (使某事)被(某人)理解 get along with sb. 与某人相处；进展 get away with sth. 携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚 get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事 get over 熬过；克服(困难) ⑤ According to Lee, it was Ben ’ s carelessness that accounted for the accident. But Ben got_away_with his wrong doing. 根据 Lee 所说的，正是 Ben 的粗心才导致了那场事故。但是，Ben 侥幸逃脱了罪责。 6．call up 给……打电话；使想起 [归纳拓展] ❶call off　　　　　　　　　 取消；停止进行 ❷call for 要求；呼吁；需要 ❸call at 拜访(某地) ❹call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召；需求 [应用领悟] ①The photo calls up the story of my childhood. 这张照片使我想起童年时代。 ②Don’t let anything call off your attention from your studies. 不要让别的事转移你学习的注意力。 ③Success in school calls for much hard work. 在学校的成功需要付出大量的辛勤工作。 [单元语基落实] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing (distinguish) between right and wrong. 2．Bearing (bear) a heavy burden, she has to work hard to bring up her children. 3．We all have an expectation_(expect) that we can be admitted to our own ideal universities. 4．If we are blind to our own faults, we will not be very merciful_(mercy) towards others. 5．We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient_(convenience) for you. 6．The service offers young people practical (practice) advice on finding a job. 7．The exhibition was organized by the school in association (associate) with local artists. 8．The blind man tapped (tap) his cane on the sidewalk and walked to the supermarket. 9．The father as well as his three children goes skating on the frozen (freeze) river every Sunday afternoon in winter. 10．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (seize) opportunities can one succeed. Ⅱ.单句改错 1 ． Distinguishing for its diligence and courage, the Chinese Nation has attracted the attention from the world. Distinguishing→Distinguished 2．Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden the students have to bear with.去掉 with 3．The teacher’s abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening. abruptly→abrupt 4．I’m not accustomed to associate with people like those young men.associate→associating 5．Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high frozen point.frozen→freezing 6 ． We could hear a woman singing merry in the next room.merry→merrily 7．There was a general expectation what most students would pass the exam.what→that 8．I think you should be caution about giving your address to strangers.caution→cautious Ⅲ.选词填空 out of order， hang on， get through， ring off， now and then， dive into， set about， call up 1．I know you are tired, but try to hang_on a minute. 2．When I asked if I was speaking to the manager he simply rang_off. 3．A lot of people dived_into the lake in search of the lost diamond ring. 4 ． As soon as she got into the classroom, she set_about_preparing for the lessons. 5．We were very glad when we heard that you had got_through your exam. 6 ． I checked the files and some of the papers were out_of_order. You had better sort them out. 7 ． The students go to visit their English teacher now_and_then who retired from school last year. 8 ． As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village called_up scenes of my childhood. Ⅳ.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子 1．课堂上认真听老师讲课，否则你就无法理解老师说的是什么。 (祈使句＋or＋陈述句) Listen_to_the_teacher_carefully_in_class,_or_you_can ’ t_catch what he is saying. 2．白求恩大夫挽救了那么多中国士兵的生命，以至于他被中国 人永远地记住了。(so ...that ...) Doctor Bethune_saved_so_many_Chinese_soldiers_that_he_was_remember ed_by Chinese forever. 3. 除非加以修改，否则这条法律将给农民的生活造成困难。(连 词＋分词) Unless_changed,_this law will make life difficult for farmers. 4．这个世界上对他来说似乎没有什么是不可能的事情。(there seem ...) There_seems_to_be_nothing_that_seems_impossible_for_him _in_the_world. 5．只有所有国家的人们联合起来，我们才能解决世界上现存的 一些问题。(only 开头的倒装句) Only_if_people_of_all_the_countries_are_united_will_we_ be_able_to_solve/can_we_solve some existing problems in the world. 练(一)　语言知识运用组块专练——练准度 Ⅰ.完形填空 Resealable (可密封的) plastic bags — sometimes called by a brand name, such as Ziploc® — are those little clear plastic bags you use to keep your sandwiches and chips fresh. They usually have some sort of sealing mechanism, like a plastic zipper, which allows you to seal the bag to keep __1__ out. Keeping air away from __2__ allows them to stay fresh longer. Bacteria and other organisms in the air will __3__ food items over time if allowed to come into __4__ with them. Sealed plastic bags keep these organisms __5__ getting to your food. Resealable plastic bags can be used for more than just __6__ sandwiches, chips and snacks to school for lunch. They’re also used to keep leftovers __7__ in the refrigerator. Many people also use them to __8__ food in the freezer for use in the future. The __9__ of the resealable plastic bag started out in 1951 at a company named Flexigrip, Inc. Flexigrip __10__ a plastic zipper from patents which was bought from __11__ Borge Madsen. These zippers were __12__ used as parts of binders and briefcases. Over time, __13__， plastic zipper bags were developed. Eventually, in 1968, Dow Chemical Company __14__ to market its Ziploc® brand of resealable plastic bags to grocery stores. They turned out to be very __15__. Today, these types of bags are __16__ in many different sizes and styles, from snack and sandwich bags to craft and freezer bags. You can also buy bags with expandable bottoms that __17__ on their own. Some bags even allow you to __18__ food in the microwave! However, now many people try to use __19__ plastic because of its effect on the environment. So manufacturers of resealable plastic bags have taken __20__ to become more environmentally friendly. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了可密封塑料袋的用途及发展史。同时指出， 为了减少污染，这种塑料袋的生产厂家也采取措施以使他们的产品更 加环保。 1．A.air　　　　　　　　　 　B．water C．dust D．fog 解析：选 A　由第二段开头的“Keeping air away”可知，此处 指把空气阻挡在外面。 2．A.plants B．containers C．bags D．foods 解析：选 D　根据下文中的“Bacteria and other organisms in the air will __3__ food items over time”可知，此处指让空气和食 物隔离，以便食物保鲜的时间长些，故选 foods。 3．A.bring in B．take out C．break down D．deal with 解析：选 C　空气中细菌和其他微生物会分解食物导致食物变质。 break down 意为“分解”。 4．A.relation B．contact C．connection D．contract 解析：选 B　如果细菌和其他微生物与食物接触，食物将会很快 变质。contact 意为“接触”；relation 意为“关系”；connection 意为“连接”；contract 意为“合同”。 5．A.from B．against C．through D．beyond 解析：选 A　keep ... from ...为固定搭配，意为“阻止……”。 6．A.following B．presenting C．supplying D．transporting 解析：选 D　下文中的“to school for lunch”说明，此处指携 带食物到学校。 7．A.wet B．fresh C．thin D．hard 解析：选 B　根据句中的“in the refrigerator”及生活常识可 知，它们也被用来保持剩余的食物新鲜。 8．A.store B．cook C．share D．produce 解析：选 A　本段主要介绍可密封塑料袋能用来保存食物，因此 这里指储存食物。 9．A.result B．humour C．history D．success 解析：选 C　根据下文中的“started out in 1951 at a company named Flexigrip, Inc”可知，此处提到这种可密封塑料袋的历史。 10．A.discovered B．developed C．spread D．approved 解析：选 B　此处表示买了专利以后，研发了塑料拉链。 11．A.writer B．teacher C．doctor D．inventor 解析：选 D　句中 patents 说明，博尔格·马森是一位发明家。 12．A.eventually B．frequently C．originally D．naturally 解析：选 C　根据下文中的“Over time, __13__， plastic zipper bags were developed.”可知，此处谈的是塑料拉链袋的最初 情况，故选 originally。eventually 意为“终于”。 13．A.however B．besides C．therefore D．otherwise 解析：选 A　最初，塑料拉链袋的用途很少，后来它得到了发展。 此处表示转折。 14．A.agreed B．began C．promised D．preferred 解析：选 B　最后，陶氏化学公司开始将塑料拉链袋投入市场。 15．A.necessary B．famous C．funny D．popular 解析：选 D　文章介绍了这种塑料袋的发展。它也很受欢迎。 16．A.precious B．expensive C．available D．fashionable 解析：选 C　根据“in many different sizes and styles, from snack and sandwich bags to craft and freezer bags”可知，这些 袋子有很多不同的尺寸和样式，在很多地方可以使用。 17．A.move B．stand C．float D．remain 解析：选 B　根据句中的“bags with expandable bottoms”可 知，袋子底部可伸展，因此它能竖起来。 18．A.heat B．taste C．find D．purchase 解析：选 A　根据“in the microwave”可知，把食物放入微波 炉中，为的是给食物加热。 19．A.more B．smaller C．larger D．less 解 析 ： 选 D 　 根 据 “ because of its effect on the environment”可知，人们现在尽量少使用塑料袋。 20．A.chances B．steps C．photos D．orders 解析：选 B　他们已经采取措施以使他们的产品更加环保。take steps 意为“采取措施”。 Ⅱ.语法填空 Scientists have discovered that __1__ (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat — the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm. Brown fat burns energy, __2__ helps us lose weight. White fat stores extra energy, which results __3__ weight gain. The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, __4__ (comfort) temperatures, our body’s need for brown fat has decreased. They found that, “Outdoor workers in northern Finland who __5__ (expose) to cold temperature have __6__ significant amount of brown fat when __7__ (compare) to same­aged indoor workers.” The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice. __8__ group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat. This group later gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed high­fat diets. The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity (肥胖症). People who are obese have __9__ (low) levels of brown fat than thinner people. Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said, “This protein could become an important target for research into the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesity­related diseases.” She added, “If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could __10__ (possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.” 语篇解读：科学家发现在寒冷的环境下有助于减肥。 1．staying　本句是“主句＋宾语从句”结构，从句中 could help 是谓语部分，故 stay 是非谓语动词，作主语应用动名词形式表示状 态。 2．which　空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，用 关系代词 which 指代前句话的内容。 3．in　result in“导致，造成”。故填 in。 4．comfortable　此处是和 constant 并列作 temperatures 的定 语，故用形容词形式。 5．areexposed　expose 是及物动词，句中没有宾语，判断用被 动形式。be exposed to “暴露在……之下”，根据主谓一致原则，填 are exposed。 6．a　a significant amount of“大量的”。故填 a。 7．compared　此处是“连词＋分词”结构，compare 和句子主 语 outdoor workers 之间是被动关系，用过去分词，填 compared。 8．One　从上文内容可知此处指两组中的一组，因位于句首，故 填 One。 9．lower　修饰名词 levels，用形容词，根据句中 than 可知此 处用比较级，故填 lower。 10．possibly　修饰动词 lose 用副词形式，故填 possibly。 练(二)　主观题强化增分专练——练规范 Ⅰ.语法填空 As a famous productive poet, Lu You from the Song Dynasty wrote more than 20,000 poems in his lifetime. The reason __1__ Lu You could write so much poetry was that he was talented, but more __2__ (important), he also lived a long life. According to historical records, he lived to be 85 years old, the __3__ (long) living poet in the Song Dynasty. However, Lu You was weak when he was a child. Lu You joined the military as __4__ adviser in his middle ages and __5__ (start) to exercise his body and learn martial arts. After training for two years, Lu You could shoot down a flying eagle __6__ (use) a bow and arrow, and he even killed a tiger. During his later years, Lu You started the body building __7__ (call) chosho, or shouts, a long and loud cry. Chosho was quite popular in ancient __8__ (time), which was not roaring or whistling, but a __9__ (skill) health method. When ancient people did chosho, they opened their body, breathed in deep and then breathed out in rhyme. Chosho can relax your body and put you in a good mood. __10__ Lu You, chosho helped him get rid of diseases and medicine. 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物介绍，主要介绍了宋朝的著名诗人陆游， 他是宋朝最长寿的诗人。本文主要介绍了他长寿的原因。 1．why　分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是 reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，故用 why 引导此定语从句。 2．importantly　分析句子结构可知，空格处应用副词作状语， 修饰整个句子。故填 importantly。 3．longest　根据空格前的定冠词 the 可知，此处表示寿命最长 的诗人，应用最高级。故填 longest。 4．an　此处表示泛指，意为“作为一名顾问”，adviser 是可数 名词，且其读音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词 an。 5．started　结合上下文可知，文章谈论的都是过去的事情，因 此空格处应用一般过去时。故填 started。 6．using　分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语是“could shoot down”，故空格处应用非谓语形式。由于 use 与主语 Lu You 之间构成 主动关系，故用动词的现在分词形式作方式状语。故填 using。 7．called　call 与被修饰词 body building 之间构成被动关系， 应用其过去分词形式作后置定语。故填 called。 8．times　空格处表示时代，应用 time 的复数形式。故填 times。 9．skillful　空格处修饰名词词组 healthmethod，故应用其形 容词形式作定语，表示“一种有技巧的健康方式”。故填 skillful。 10．For　此处指“对于陆游来说，长啸帮助他摆脱了疾病和药 物”。空格处表示“对于……”，故用介词 For。 Ⅱ.短文改错 I am Li Hua, a child lives in this community. Most of the children in our community feel lonely and boring. To change this situation, I’d like to offer some suggestion. First, would you please organize the children to clean up our neighborhood regular? Through this activity, we can know with each other and make new friends. Second, I wonder if you could find us a room to do our homework such that we can help and learn each other. Third, I thought it’s a good idea to encourage children to join the community’s football club. I hope we can get much involved in our community and my life will be colorful and full of fun. 答案：第一句：lives→living 或 lives 前加 who 第二句：boring→bored 第三句：suggestion→suggestions 第四句：regular→regularly 第五句：去掉 with 第六句：such→so; learn 后加 from 第七句：thought→think 第八句：much→more; my→our Ⅲ.书面表达 假如你校这个周末举行 60 年校庆，校团委发出通知要招聘一批 志愿者，要求如下： 1．具有为校庆服务的热情，能为各方来宾做好服务工作； 2．对学校历史比较了解，有较好的沟通能力，能作学校文化的 传播者； 3．汉语及英语标准，身体健康，周末每天工作 8 小时。 假设你是李华，具备以上条件，请用英语写一封申请信。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．信的格式已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：60 年校庆　the 60th anniversary of our school Dear Sir or Madam， 　 　 　 Yours sincerely， Li Hua 参考范文： Dear Sir or Madam， Thank you for your time to read my letter. With the coming of the 60th anniversary of our school, I’d like to be a volunteer. I’ll try my best to serve our distinguished guests with enthusiasm. I have a good understanding of our school. I am sure I’ll not only offer good service to the guests, but I’ll also act as an excellent communicator of our school’s history and culture. What ’ s more, I can speak standard Chinese and English. I have no trouble working 8 hours a day this coming weekend. Last but not least, I will value the chance and do all I can if I am accepted. Yours sincerely， Li Hua