2020届高考英语二轮培优新专题限时检测（二十六）任务型阅读（一） 5页

专题限时检测（二十六） 任务型阅读（一）‎ ‎(限时24分钟)‎ A ‎(2019·南通模拟)Life can be overwhelming (令人不知所措的). We want to do as much as we can, see the world, learn new things — and it can all get a bit too much. Sometimes we reach a point when we feel that we can no longer be interested in everything. We have to shut some of life out, and we don't like that. We are living under the false assumption that to know anything worthwhile takes years of study, so we might as well forget it.‎ But something inside us rebels. We still want to learn new things and make new things. They don't have to be big things. Coping with too big a challenge can be daunting (令人怯步的). The secret is to be a “micromaster” by perfecting lots and lots of small things — for a big payoff.‎ A micromastery is a selfcontained unit of doing, complete in itself, but connected to a greater field. You can perfect that single thing and move on to bigger things. A micromastery is the way we learn as kids. You never absorb all the fundamentals straight away — you learn one cool thing, then another. Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has written about “flow” — a state in which time seems to be suspended because our involvement in what we're doing is so great. A micromastery, because it is repeatable without being repetitious, has all the elements that allow us to enter a flow state，which produces great contentment.‎ As we get older our default setting (默认设置) becomes “off” not “on”. We stop getting interested in new things because we haven't got enough time or energy. This is an excuse but who can blame us when we hear we need 10,000 hours to “master” something. Micromastery slices through all the excuses. You start with something so small and easy that it doesn't impact on your life except positively.‎ We envy the person who has a perfect French accent, who can roll a kayak, or compose a poem that isn't laughable, who can lay a brick wall that doesn't fall down. These are regarded as hard things to learn which mean a greater mastery of the field concerned. But with micromastery you start with the test piece and then — and only then — do you go back upstream to learn anything more about the new world.‎ Seeing the world in terms of micromasteries makes anything seem possible. Fancy bookbinding? Yoga? Tap dancing or tank driving? All have their micromasteries. It's very liberating — you no longer have to feel trapped in your day job. You will start, in a small way, to get your life back from the idea that the world seems to push on us that we should do just one thing all our lives.‎ An annoying situation ‎•We are too (1)________ to accomplish everything we are interested in and sometimes have to make a tradeoff.‎ ‎•We take it for granted that anything worthwhile doesn't have an (2)________ payoff, so we might as well forget it.‎ A practical approach Instead of accomplishing big things, the secret is to be a micromaster by starting (3)________.‎ Facts about a ‎ Micromastery ‎•It is connected to a greater field. We can (4)________ upon small successes to achieve greatness.‎ ‎•It enables us to have a good command of important things in a (5)________ way.‎ ‎•It can help enter a flow state when we are (6)________ in what we are doing.‎ ‎•For the adults who lack time and energy to try new things, it can have a (7)______ impact on their lives.‎ ‎•Instead of envying the achievers, we can (8)________ the unknown world by starting with the test piece.‎ Conclusion ‎•A micromastery can help us to liberate our minds and (9)________ our boundaries. ‎ ‎•For a satisfied life, be a (10)________ of small things.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种学习方法，从小事做起，然后慢慢积累，一步一步走向成功。‎ ‎1．ambitious/greedy　根据第一段第二句“We want to do as much as we can, see the world, learn new things — and it can all get a bit too much.”可知，我们太过于贪心想要完成所有感兴趣的事情，但这往往是做不到的。‎ ‎2．immediate/instant　根据第一段最后一句“We are living under the false assumption that to know anything worthwhile takes years of study ...”可知，我们有着错误的观念：习得一些值得的事物需要花费数年的学习时间。也就是说我们认为任何有价值的东西都不会立即得到回报。‎ ‎3．small/humble　根据第二段最后一句“The secret is to be a ‘micromaster’ by perfecting lots and lots of small things — for a big payoff.”可知答案。‎ ‎4．build/depend/rely/count/rest/base　根据第三段第二句“You can perfect that single thing and move on to bigger things.”可知，此处表示依靠于小的成功来达到大的成就。build/depend/rely/count/rest/base on/upon“建立在……的基础上”。‎ ‎5．gradual/steady/slow　根据第三段第四句“You never absorb all the fundamentals straight away — you learn one cool thing, then another.”可知，你一件一件的学习，也就以一种平稳缓慢、循序渐进的方式。‎ ‎6．involved/absorbed/buried/occupied/engaged　根据第三段最后一句可知，这种方式可以让我们埋头于事物的时候进入一种流动的状态。‎ ‎7．positive　根据第四段最后一句“You start with something so small and easy that it doesn't impact on your life except positively.”可知，你从一些小而容易的事情开始，它只会使你的生活变得更积极。‎ ‎8．explore　根据第五段的内容，尤其是最后一句“... learn anything more about the new world.”可知，通过这种方式我们可以认识世界上更多的事物，也就是探索世界，而不是羡慕他人的成就。‎ ‎9．extend/stretch/cross/break/push　根据第六段第六句“It's very liberating — you no longer have to feel trapped in your day job.”可知，这种方式可以解放你，让你不再感到被困在你的工作中，所以可以帮助我们解放思想，扩大我们的视野。‎ ‎10．master/controller/commander　文章呼吁我们掌控小的事物最后完成大的成就，要做小事物的主人/掌控者。‎ B ‎(2019·扬州模拟)‎ The changes facing fastfood companies Fast food was once thought to be recession (萧条) proof. When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. As a result, fastfood chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at fullservice restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, but total sales remained about the same at fastfood chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased. ‎ But in this ongoing recession, which is more severe, not all fastfood companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. Smaller fastfood chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising.‎ In face of such challenges, some fastfood companies have sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping to tempt more customers through the door. But in many cases that strategy doesn't work. Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around D|S5 to attract consumers away from D|S1 specials.‎ Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its “McCafe”line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. As fastfood companies shift from “super size” to “more buys”， they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high. ‎ But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fastfood firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and lowcalorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖). These offerings don't necessarily lead to profit loss, as they can broaden the appeal of stores to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger. ‎ But calls for tougher government regulation never wear down. This year Congress passed America's healthreform bill, which requires restaurant chains with 20 or more stores to put the caloriecontent of items they serve to the menu. And the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its highcalorie“Happy Meals”， because law makers believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests that fastfood companies will have to continue trying something new. ‎ The changes facing fastfood companies Better ‎ ‎(1)________ ‎ of past ‎ recessions ‎·Cheaper fast food (2)________ to more customers in an economic decline.‎ ‎·Fastfood sales remained the same or increased in different markets.‎ Challenges ‎ in this ‎ recession ‎·Many families eat at home (3)________ of eating out to save money.‎ ‎·Smaller fastfood companies suffer more because of their (4)________‎ ‎ spending on advertising.‎ ‎(5)________ ‎ adopted by ‎ fastfood ‎ Companies ‎·Some companies choose to cut prices while others prefer food with ‎ (6)________ prices.‎ ‎·New items are (7)________ to the menu to keep customer traffic high and porridge is served because it's more (8)________．‎ ‎·More (9)________ food is provided to avoid government regulation and to attract different customers.‎ Future ‎ pressure With stricter laws passed, fastfood companies need to be more (10)________.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了快餐公司在经济衰退中面临的挑战以及采取的策略，同时指出随着更严格的食品法的实施，快餐公司应变得更有创造性。‎ ‎1．survivors/competitors/businesses/companies　根据第一段中的“As a result, fastfood chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors.”可知，在大萧条时期快餐行业是较有优势的幸存者。survive 转化成survivors。故填survivors/competitors/‎ ‎ businesses/companies。‎ ‎2．appeals　根据第一段中的“When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.” 可知，快餐的优势吸引着消费者，很受欢迎。attractive 转化成appeal to。‎ ‎3．instead　根据第二段中的“In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.”可知，大萧条时期很多家庭为了省钱会在家吃饭而不是出去吃。instead of“而不是”。‎ ‎4．decreased/reduced/less　根据第二段最后一句 “... because they cut back spending on advertising.” 可知，一些小型快餐公司遭受更大损失，因为其不断削减广告的费用。cut back“削减，减少”。‎ ‎5．Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways　第三、四段在讲公司应对这些情况的策略、方法。‎ ‎6．high/higher　结合第三段的内容可知，一些公司牺牲利润降低价格，而另外的公司倾向更高的价格。while表示对比，所填的词与cut相呼应，故填high/higher。‎ ‎7．added　根据第四段中的“Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items ...”可知，一些快餐公司不断推出新的商品，菜单上增加新的食品。‎ ‎8．profitable　第四段最后一句提到，麦当劳售卖利润高的麦片粥。more profitable对应the profits can be high。‎ ‎9．healthy/healthier　根据第五段中的 “So far, fastfood firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and lowcalorie sandwiches ...” 可知，一些快餐公司供应沙拉和低热量的三明治这样健康的食物。‎ ‎10．creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable　根据最后一段最后一句可知，更加严格的法规要求快餐公司继续尝试新的事物，也就是更创新/灵活/有适应能力。‎