【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选：（8）主旨大意七选五2 12页

主旨大意+七选五2‎ ‎1、    In today’s global world, more and more people travel to foreign countries. Cross cultural awareness and an understanding of foreign etiquette is important if you want to succeed as an international business person. Behaviour that is polite at home may be considered rude in another country. In particular, by learning about dining etiquette and table manners, you can avoid offending people and this can directly influence your business success.‎ ‎    John Smith’s book The Perfect Guest is a goldmine of information for the globe - trotting business person. There are chapters dedicated to all the main problem areas of dining etiquette and entertaining in different countries and tips on how to cope with embarrassing situations.‎ ‎    These are some of the areas which are covered in the book.‎ ‎    Seating arrangements ‎    Whether you are eating at a restaurant or at someone’s home, there may be a fixed protocol of who sits where. Do men and women sit together? Is there a hierarchy according to age or status? Rules vary greatly. For example, inKorea, it is customary to offer the best seat to the most senior person; in theUS, there are no specific seating rules. If you don’t know where to sit, wait until your host shows you.‎ ‎    Conversation ‎    Is the dining table the right place to have a conversation or is the meal taken in silence? In France, for instance, the meal is a social affair with loud animated conversations and most topics are acceptable, including business. In Japanor Vietnam, on the other hand, only quiet conversation is acceptable and business is never conducted at the dinner table.‎ ‎    Food ‎    What type of food is popular? Is it polite to remark on the food? Should you eat everything or leave some food on your plate? Is it polite to ask for the salt and pepper if it isn’t on the table? And how can you deal with a food delicacy that you find disgusting? In Europe, it is polite to eat everything on your plate whereas this would be considered rude in Egypt. If you clean your plate, it will be filled up again immediately.‎ ‎1.Who is most likely to find the information useful? A.A business person. B.A ‎ scientist. C.A student. D.A soldier. 2.When you are a guest in the US, where should you sit? A.In the best seat. B.Where your host shows you to sit. C.Wherever you like. D.Next to the senior. 3.You leave food on your plate in Egypt ________. A.to show that you have eaten enough B.so that there arc leftovers for the cat C.to show that you don’t like the food D.but it is considered rude 4.The passage mainly tells us _______. A.cross cultural dining etiquette B.cultural differences around the world C.how to improve cultural awareness D.why the book is worth buying ‎2、Language learning apps are very popular now and offer opportunities to learn vocabulary and practice grammar. But there has been a discussion about just how effective such apps can be.‎ Among the most popular apps are Duolingo and Busuu. A previous research found positive results on the use of them. But it mainly concentrated on studies with learners who had signed up to language courses and these apps worked as an after-class support, so the results were not always reliable. A recent study of 4,095 Busuu users has been carried out aimed to find out if users can actually learn a language with an app.‎ Busuu provides learning materials for 12 different languages. It offers special model where some content is available for free while some content is not. We find that its users are an even mix of men and women. More than half consider themselves to be at the beginner level as there is a decrease in users as their language levels go up. Most people use the app because of personal interest, or because they want to study or live abroad. Female users tend to use it less often but for ‎ longer periods of time than male users.‎ Getting any feedback on Busuu depends on whether your answer is correct or not. While it is helpful, this is not the sort of feedback language teachers prefer, as it does not explain why the answer is right or wrong. In spite of this, feedback in the app is very highly rated.‎ More than 92% of respondents state that the app has met their expectations and 86% rate the app as very good or good. In fact, more than 80% of the users surveyed strongly agree that using the app has helped them improve their knowledge of the language they are learning.‎ Besides, language learning apps also create an environment where mistakes are only known to the users, and this can address the performance anxiety that many learners suffer from when asked to speak a foreign language. So language teachers should encourage their students to use them to do the grammar work, leaving precious class time for more language communication.‎ ‎1. The results of the former research weren’t always dependable because _________.‎ A. it was only carried out before class B. it didn’t consider users in class C. it just focused on positive results D. it used out-of-date methods ‎2. What can we learn about the app Busuu from the text?‎ A. All the contents are free to use.‎ B. Most users consider it satisfying.‎ C. It’s used by more advanced learners.‎ D. It’s more popular with female learners.‎ ‎3. Which of the following can probably replace the underlined word “address”?‎ A. deal with B. write down C. turn to D. speak of ‎4. What is the main idea of the text?‎ A. Students won’t suffer anxiety in learning languages by using Busuu.‎ B. Language learning apps are effective and satisfactory to language learners.‎ C. Language learning apps are very popular with most language teachers.‎ D. Students should be required to use apps for homework after class.‎ ‎3、    A serious problem for today's society is who should be responsible for our elderly and how to improve their Lives.It is not only a financial problem but also a quashing of the system we want for our society.I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem. ‎ ‎    First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees.To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose. But when a company must take life-long responsibility for its employees, it may softer from a commercial disadvantage due to higher employee costs. ‎ ‎    Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual.This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement.This does not seem a very fair model since some people have enough trouble paying for their daily life without trying to earn extra to cover their retirement years.This means the government might have to step in to care for the poor. ‎ ‎    In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly.This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions.Furthermore, some institution should be created for senior daises, which can help provide a comfortable life for them.Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly viable answer.The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young. ‎ ‎    One further solution is that the government or social organizations establish some working places especially for the elderly where they are independent. ‎ ‎    To sum up, all these options have advantages and disadvantages.Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations. 1.What is the passage mainly about? A.The problems faced by the old in society. B.Why we should take responsibility for the old. C.How we can improve the lives of the old. D.Where the old can go to get their pensions. 2.According to the passage, how can the government help to improve the lives of retired people? A.Set aside some profits to help people with problems after they ‎ retire. B.Increase savings levels of people during their working years. C.Increase the discounts for food and transport for the old. D.Make available pensions for those who have retired. 3.The underlined word "viable" most probably means"_        ".  A.impossible B.practical C.useful D.successful 4. What can be concluded from the passage?  A.Taking care of the old is mainly an issue of money. B.Employers should allow their workers to retire at a later age. C.Becoming independent should be the goal of most old people. D.There is no single solution to the problems of the old. 5.What is the writer's main purpose in writing this article? A.To point out the need for government supped for old people. B.To make general readers aware of the problems of retired people. C.To discuss some possible solutions to an important social problem. D.To instruct retired people on how they can have a happier life.‎ ‎4、When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with(担负着) unbearable levels of debt’ the conversation is almost always about student loan debt. But there’s a growing body of evidence suggesting that today’s young adults are also drowning in credit-card debt and that many of them will take this debt to their graves(坟墓).‎ More than 20% overspent their income by more than $ 100 every single month. Since they haven’t built up their credit histories yet, it's a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.‎ Although many young people blame "socializing" as a barrier to saving money, most of them aren’t purchasing $ 20 drinks in trendy bars. They’re struggling with much more daily financial demands.‎ To a disturbingly large extent, the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday. This obviously isn’t permanent in the long run, and it’s going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years, because they’ll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti (意式面条)they bought a decade earlier.‎ A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that they're slower at paying it off. "If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future’" warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State. "If our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can’t pay off their credit cards."‎ Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt. "Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not plenty to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life which could have loss impacts for the credit card issuing banks,"‎ ‎1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?  A.Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts. B.Credit cards play an increasingly important role in college life. C.Credit cards are doing more harm than student loans. D.The American credit card system is under criticism. 2.Why do young people have to pay a higher interest on their credit card debt? A.They tend to forget about the deadlines. B.They haven't developed a credit history. C.They are often unable to pay back in time. D.They are inexperienced in managing money. 3.What is said to be the consequence of young adults relying on credit cards to make ends meet? A.It will place an unnecessary burden on society. B.It will give them no motivation to work hard. C.It will exert psychological pressure on them. D.It will affect their future spending ‎ power. 4.What will happen to young adults if their credit card debt keeps accumulating according to Lucia Dunn? A.They will have to pay an increasingly higher interest rate. B.They may experience a financial crisis in their old age. C.Their quality of life will be affected. D.Their credit cards may be cancelled. 5.What does Lucia Dunn think might be a risk for the credit card issuing banks? A.They go bankrupt as a result of over-lending. B.They lose large numbers of their regular clients. C.Their clients leave their debts unpaid upon death. D.Their interest rates have to be reduced now and then.‎ ‎5、Does Your Mood Change with the Seasons?‎ ‎    Some people find that when the temperature drops, their spirits are down. ①__________They eat more and gain weight. They have trouble sleeping. They can’t think clearly. Here are some ways you can beat the winter blues.‎ ‎    Get out for sunlight. Some experts say the winter blues happen because we get less sunlight in winter than in other seasons. Some say that the decrease in sunlight can make us feel sad. ②__________‎ ‎    Get some exercise. A walk or other exercise will make the chemical called endorphin(内啡肽) flow through your body. Endorphins are a natural chemical that makes you feel good.‎ ‎    ③__________Avoid having too much sugar. If you crave sugary food (like cookies or candy) , it may be a sign that you need food with more protein(蛋白质),like meat, chicken, and fish.‎ ‎    Avoid holiday stress. Cut back on the things if you have too many to do. Make sure you have some quiet time for yourself. ④__________Get some rest. Studies show that most teens need about nine hours to sleep each night. The average teen, though, gets only about six or seven hours to sleep per night.‎ ‎    Ask for help. Be cautious if you feel sad all the time and the feeling can’t go away. ⑤__________Talk to an adult who you trust or ask for help from a doctor.‎ A. Eat more healthful food.‎ B. Choose different food in season.‎ C. Don't be so busy that you get run-down.‎ D. Those people sometimes feel sad for no reason.‎ E. You may have a bigger problem than the winter blues.‎ F. Getting extra sunlight each day can help brighten your mood.‎ G. A regular pattern of sleep is the most important thing to maintain.‎ ‎6、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ With the College Entrance Examination drawing near as a senior year student, you may have so many pressure coming from so many directions that you cant figure out what to do first.‎ Balancing goals in life When you have many things to do and a lot of demands on your time, you can lose sight of what’s important. One of the best ways to see the big picture— ①__________ —is to lay out your goals.‎ Pressure Points and How to Deal with Them Confused or overwhelmed- talk to someone you trust ②__________ They may help you find solutions to your problems and worries Being too hard on yourself - ease up, take a break and do something you enjoy. Daydream, read a book, go out with friends—anything that helps you relax.‎ Problems, problems, problems—recognize your limits. It’s too stressful to try to deal with all your problems at once ③__________ ‎ ‎④__________ ‎ It’s important to remember that goals belong to you—not to your parents, your teachers, or your friends. After you’re set your goals, identify the skills you have to achieve those goals. If you’re not sure what skills you’ll need, do some research. Try the library, your guidance adviser and teachers, and other people who could help you.‎ Goals exist to serve you. If your goal is something you no longer want, change it. Identify the barriers to getting your goals ⑤__________ ‎ Don’t get depressed by a big, long-term goal—see what steps you can take to achieve it and set those steps down as short-term, “do-able” goals.‎ A. Goal-Setting Tips B. Consider ways to overcome them C. what you want out of life D. Choose what’s most urgent and set aside the rest until later E. Discuss your concerns with a friend, parent or teacher F. As long as you know what skill is important and what isn’t G. Too much to do ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.A; 4.A 解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“John Smith’s book 77ze Perfect Guest is a goldmine of information for the globe-trot-ting business person. ”可知,这些信息对商业人士有用。 2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的in the US,there are no specific seating rules. If you don’t know where to sit,wait until your host shows you. ”可知,在美国.如果你不知道坐在哪里,可等着主人安排。 3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In Europe,it is polite to eat everything on your plate whereas this would be considered rude in Egypt. ”可知,在欧洲把盘子里的食物吃光是有礼貌的,在埃及是没礼貌的。 4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍就餐时、座次的安排、谈话的内容和食物是否能吃光等。由此可知,A项“跨文化餐饮礼仪”可作为标题。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 解析： 【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段But it mainly concentrated on studies with learners who had signed up to language courses and these apps worked as an after-class support, so the ‎ results were not always reliable.可知，由于软件只关注注册语言学习的学习者，并且只是作为课后的一种辅助，因此结果并不都可靠，故选B。‎ ‎【2题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段More than 92% of respondents state that the app has met their expectations and 86% rate the app as very good or good. In fact, more than 80% of the users surveyed strongly agree that using the app has helped them improve their knowledge of the language they are learning.可知，绝大部分 用户对这款软件感到满意，故选B。‎ ‎【3题详解】词义猜测题。根据前一句Besides, language learning apps also create an environment where mistakes are only known to the users可知，语言学习软件创造了一个只有用户知道自己错误的环境，因而避免了外语学习中遇到的难题，由于宾语为performance anxiety，所以可以推测出address为处理，故选A.‎ ‎【4题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述语言学习软件很受语言学习者的欢迎，以及其特点和优点，绝大部分用户对软件感到满意，故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.D; 5.C 解析：1.主旨题。文章是总分结构,文章首段提出问题:“A serious problem for today's society is who should be responsible for our elderly and how to improve their Lives.”,后面段落给出一些改善老人生活的建议,由此可知文章的主要大意是“怎样提高老人的生活质量”,故答案为C。 2.细节题。由题干中的“the government”定位答案于第四段,此段第二句明确指出“This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions.”,即“政府通过税收增加老人的养老金”,由此可知,D项是此句的同义转述,故为答案。 3.词义理解题。由题干中的“viable”定位答案于第四段,此段最后一句“The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young”说明了由政府忙于照顾年轻人,没有资金照顾老人,所以这措施是行不通的,没有可操作性,故选B。 4.推理题。文章第二至第五段提出了五种提高老人生活质量的建议,最后一段说“…all these options have advantages and disadvantages…it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations.”,由此可以推断“解决老人问题没有单一的方法”,故D项为正确答案。 5.主旨题。文章首段的最后一句有明显表写作目的的句子“I would like to suggest several ‎ possible solutions to this problem.”,可知作者写这篇文章的目的是对社会重要的问题讨论一些可能的解决方法。故C为正确答案。考点:考查社会现象类短文 ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.B; 5.C 解析：1.主旨大意题。本段通过学生贷款引出年轻人的信用卡债务。最后一句“今天的年轻人也陷入了信用卡债务的泥潭之中……很多人将会把这个债务直接带进坟墓。”点明了文章主题。由此可见,很多年轻人永远都偿还不完他们的债务,故答案为A。 2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Since they haven’t built up their credit histories yet, it's a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.可知,该句明确指出因为年轻人还没有建立起信用记录,但可以肯定的是这些年轻人在为产生的信用卡债务支付相对较高的利息。故答案为B。 3.事实细节题。根据第四段可知,年轻和身无分文的人在很大程度上都依赖信用卡维持生计,直到下次发工资。从长远看,这样做法很明显不会长久,会严重影响他们的购买力。"由此可见,年轻人依靠信用卡维持生计将影响他们将来的购买力,故答案为D。 4.事实细节题。根据倒数第二段可知,与其他的年龄群体相比,年轻人积累信用卡债务的速度要更快……如果我们的发现仍然被证明是正确的话,我们将来可能会有更多的老人面临巨大的财务问题,那些不能偿还信用卡债务的老年人可能会面临财务危机。"由此可见,如果年轻人的信用卡债务持续积累,等他们年老的时候可能会遭遇财务危机,故答案为B。 5.事实细节题。根据最后一段可知,"很多人从信用卡中大量地借钱,但按照他们的偿还能力,到死也不足以偿还信用卡债务,这将潜在地导致信用卡签发银行的损失。"由此可见,Dunn认为客户到死也没偿清债务可能会对信用卡签发银行构成风险,故答案为C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：D; F; A; C; E 解析：天气会影响情绪,尤其是冬季。作者给出了几点战胜冬季忧郁症的建议。 ‎ ‎1. D考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲气温低对情绪的不良影响,D项:那些人有时无缘无故地感到悲伤,也是气温低对情绪的不良影响,符合本段内容,故选D. ‎ ‎2. F考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段建议人们走出去晒太阳,F项:每天获得额外的阳光可以帮助你的心情变好,与本段内容相符合,选项中的sunlight是关键词,故选F. ‎ ‎3. A考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段Avoid having too much sugar和you need more protein可知本段建议人们注意健康的饮食,A项能概括本段内容,也适合作为本段标题,故选A. ‎ ‎4. C考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段建议避免节日压力,注意多休息。C项:不要使自己太忙而精疲力竭,符合本段意思。故选C. ‎ ‎5. E考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段建议情绪不好时向别人求助,上句指情绪一直不好时要小心,E项:这可能会是比冬季忧郁症更大的问题,与上句连接,故选E.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：C; E; D; A; B 解析：‎ ‎【1题详解】从本段标题Balancing goals in life(平衡生活目标)及上下文内容,可判断C选项“你想从生活中得到什么”切题,故选C。‎ ‎【2题详解】从上文“talk to someone you trust”(和你信任的人谈谈)及下文“ They may help you find solutions to your problems and worries.”(它们可以帮助你找到解决问题和担忧的方法。)该空承上启下,可知E选项“与朋友、父母或老师讨论你的担忧”切题,故选E。‎ ‎【3题详解】上文It’s too stressful to try to deal with all your problems at once.说一次性处理所有的问题压力太大了。该空承接上文,D选项“选择最紧急的事情,把剩下的留到以后再做”,故选D。‎ ‎【4题详解】从下文内容It’s important to remember that goals belong to you—not to your parents, your teachers, or your friends. After you’re set your goals, identify the skills you have to achieve those goals. If you’re not sure what skills you’ll need, do some research. Try the library, your guidance adviser and teachers, and other people who could help you.(重要的是要记住,目标属于你,而不是你的父母、老师或朋友。在你设定了目标之后,确定你必须达到这些目标的技能。如果你不确定你需要什么技能,做一些调查。试试图书馆,你的指导顾问和老师,以及其他能帮助你的人。)可知该段主题为 “Goal-Setting Tips”(目标设定技巧),故选A。‎ ‎【5题详解】从上一句Identify the barriers to getting your goals.(明确实现目标的障碍。)可知下文应该意为“消除障碍”,符合B 项“Consider ways to overcome them”,故选B。‎ ‎ ‎