河南杞县 2017 高考英语阅读理解九月选编（二） 9页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 河南杞县 2017 高考英语阅读理解九月选编（二） 阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C 和 D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (2014·课标Ⅰ) Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours. It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons－a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati. Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants. By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood，which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again. In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.For a time，a few birds survived under human care.The last of them，known affectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914. 【语篇导读】 本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。 1．In the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons ________. A．were the biggest bird in the world B．lived mainly in the south of America C．did great harm to the natural environment D．were the largest bird population in the US 解析 事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在 18 和 19 世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时， 所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选 D。 答案 D 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 2．The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons' ________. A．escape B．ruin C．liberation D．evolution 解析 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Where the birds were abundant...by the thousands”可知旅 鸽遭到捕杀，所以 ruin 和 undoing 词义相似，故选 B。 答案 B 3．What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? A．To seek pleasure. B．To save other birds. C．To make money. D．To protect crops. 解析 事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercial hunters attracted them...sold in restaurants” 可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选 C。 答案 C 4．What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan? A．It was ignored by the public. B．It was declared too late. C．It was unfair. D．It was strict. 解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In 1897，the state of...for 10 years”可知通过法律后的 10 年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选 B。 答案 B 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的 A,B,C 或 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert(警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones. Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industry’s trade association, CTIA, estimates(估计)more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month. The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvement to the nation’s emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission(FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 “The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies,” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval of the plan. Participation in the alert system by carriers—telecommunications companies—is voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry. The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts. There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules. The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats”, which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be reserved for child abduction(绑架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts. The service could be in place by 2010. 1. What is the purpose of the approved plan? A. To warn people of emergencies via messages. B. To popularize the use of cell phones. C. To estimate the monthly number of messages. D. To promote the wireless industry. 2. The improvement to the present system is in the charge of . A. CTIA B. the Warning Alert and Response Network Act C. FCC D. federal regulators 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 3. The carriers’ participation in the system is determined by . A. the US federal government B. mobile phone users C. the carriers themselves D. the law of the United States 4. Which of the following is true of cell phone users? A. They must accept the alert service. B. They may enjoy the alert service for free. C. They must send the alerts to others. D. They may choose the types of messages. 5. An alert message will NOT be sent if . A. a child loses his way B. a university shooting happens C. a natural disaster happens D. a terrorist attack occurs 6. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry C. Cell Phone Alerts of Natural Disasters D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon 【参考答案】1—5、ACCBA 6、D 【2014 高考英语二诊考试】 请阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的 A，B，C，D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 It is hard to imagine that such a small country，the size of Indiana with the population of Alaska，tucked in the Himalaya Mountains，accessible only by two airplanes，is the “Happiest Country’’ in the world and has one of the fastest growing GDP’S in the world．This country is Bhutan，“Land of the Thunder Dragon”，which is located in South Asia and is encompassed by India，China，and Nepal． 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 Bhutan is the last standing Buddhist Kingdom in the World and，until recently，has preserved much of their culture since the l7th century by avoiding globalization and staying isolated from the world．Internet，television，and western dress were banned from the country up until ten years ago．Over the past ten years globalization has begun to change in Bhutan，but things remain perfectly balanced． Bhutan is the only country in the world that has a ‘GNH’，which refers to “Gross National Happiness．’’The process of measuring GNH began when Bhutan opened up to globalization．It measures people’s quality of life，and makes sure that “material and spiritual development happen together．”Bhutan has done an amazing job of finding this balance．Bhutan has continually been ranked as the happiest country in all of Asia，and the eighth Happiest Country in the world according to Business Week．In 2007，Bhutan had the second fastest growing GDP in the world，at the same time as maintaining their environment and cultural identity． In 2008，in Bhutan’s first democratic election，28-year-old Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wang Chuck was elected president of Bhutan．He promises to “maintain a stance （立场)of protection against the worst aspects of globalization，maintaining the ‘Gross National Happiness’．”But Jigme himself is no stranger to globalization．He attended high school at Phillips Academy and university at Wheaton College and then graduated from Oxford． 44．The underlined word “encompassed’’ in the first paragraph most probably means __________ . A．covered B．surrounded C．separated D．guarded 45．Why is Bhutan regarded as “the happiest country”? A．Because it changes its policy and begins to open up． B．Because it uses “GNH” to measure its achievement． C．Because it stresses both material and spiritual development． D．Because it has the second fastest growing GDP in the world． 46．What Can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The election in Bhutan is far from satisfactory． B．Globalization has influenced Bhutan’s religion． C．Jigme’s educational background will cause distrust． D．People in Bhutan will continue living a happy life． 47．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 【参考答案】44—47、ACDD 【2014 高考英语二诊考试】 请阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的 A，B，C，D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Coffee is a powerful beverage．On a personal level，it helps keep US awake and active．On a much broader level，it has helped shape our history and continues to shape our culture． Coffee didn’t take off until the l400s when people figured out they could roast its seeds．By the l500s，the drink had spread to coffeehouses across the Arab world．Within another l50 years， it took Europe by storm． “It actually had a major impact on the rise of business，” historian Mark Pendergrast says．Coffeehouses became a spot not just to enjoy a cup but to exchange ideas．The insurer Lloyd’s of London was founded hundreds of years ago in one of London’s 2,000 coffeehouses．Literature， newspapers and even the works of great composers like Bach and Beethoven were also spawned(涌 现)in coffeehouses． It is often said that after the Boston Tea Party of l773，when American colonists attacked British tea ships and threw boxes of tea into the harbor，Americans universally switched over to drinking coffee．In a letter John Adams wrote to his wife，Abigail，the Founding Father claims his love of tea but says he will have to learn to embrace coffee instead，because drinking tea had become a symbol of not loving the country． For all the upsides coffee has brought the modern world，it also led to its fair share of downsides，too．Europeans carried coffee with them as they colonized various parts of the world， and this frequently meant they enslaved people in order to grow it．In Brazil — where slavery was legal until l888 — coffee plantations would use slash-and-burn agriculture，tearing down rain forests and planting coffee trees．Once the soil had been exhausted，growers would move on to another place． 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 And yet，coffee，as Pendergrast says，”had a very good impact in many ways on our civilization， even though it was，for a long time，grown by slaves．” 48．Why did people enjoy going to coffeehouses? A．Because it was a fashion to drink coffee． B．Because coffeehouses provided a better flavor． C．Because they could stay awake and active there． D．Because they could exchange ideas there． 49．What can we learn from the fourth paragraph? A．American colonists made great profits by trading in coffee． B．Tea was regarded as a symbol of loving one’s country． C．Coffee became very popular after the incident in Boston． D．John Adams was the Founding Father of the Tea Party． 50．In the fifth paragraph．the writer points out that __________ . A．Coffee plantation was closely connected with slavery B．coffee plantation led to outdated agriculture in Brazil C．slavery in Brazil had been against the law until l888 D．slavery was responsible for the damage to rainforests 5 1．What is mainly talked about in this passage? A．Some interesting stories about coffee culture． B．Important Roles that coffee played in history． C．How coffee became the most popular beverage． D．How coffee affected America’s independence． 【参考答案】48—51、DCAB 【2014 高考英语二诊考试】 请阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的 A，B，C，D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Why do we laugh and get amusement from so many different things，from puns (双关语) to pratfalls? Why are some things funny to some people and not to others? How is that while a successful joke can cause pleasure，a sick one can cause serious harm? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 Over the centuries，various scholars have attempted to produce a universally agreed-upon theory of humor．Plato and Aristotle introduced the superiority(优越感) theory，the idea that people laugh at the misfortune of others．Their theory seems to explain teasing，but it doesn’t work well for knock-knock jokes．Sigmund Freud argued for his relief theory，the concept that humor is a way for people to release psychological tension and reveal their inner fears and desires．His theory works well for dirty jokes，less well for most puns． The majority of humor expels today agree with the incongruity theory，the idea that humor arises when there’s a gap between what people expect to happen and what actually happens．Incongruity has a lot going for it — jokes with unexpected funny lines，for example， fit well．But scientists have found that in comedy，unexpectedness is overvalued． With the goal of developing a new，more satisfactory explanation，I produced “the gentle violation(违背)theory”，the idea that humor arises when something seems wrong or threatening， but is actually OK or safe．A dirty joke，for example，trades on moral or social violations， but it’s only going to get a laugh if the person listening is open enough to consider the subject OK to talk about．Similarly，puns can be seen as linguistic violations that still make grammatical sense． And while most humor theories have struggled to account for tickling (挠痒痒)，or just avoided the phenomenon altogether，my theory accounts for even this kind of laughter．Tickling involves violating someone’s physical space in a gentle way．People can’t tickle themselves — because it isn’t a violation． 52．What is the author’s attitude towards Plato and Aristotle’s theory? A．Critical． B．Approving C．uncaring D．Unclear 53． According to Sigmund Freud’s theory，we can infer that __________ . A．people will laugh when they see others suffer B．telling dirty jokes is a relief of one’s nervous feelings ’ C．unexpectedness can explain how humor works D．tickling doesn’t involve psychological tension 54．According to the author，why are some things funny to some people but not to others? A．Because the sense of humor varies greatly from person to person． B．Because people have different expectations for the same thing． C．Because some people lack the sense of safety deep in their heart． 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 D．Because people’s understanding of violation is different． 55．What is the author’s main purpose of writing this passage? A．To draw people’s attention to the research of humor． B．To criticize people’s misconceptions about humor． C．To explain what exactly causes people to laugh． D．To prove the sense of humor can be developed． 【参考答案】52—55、ABDC