2019届一轮复习人教版选修七Unit2Robots 单元学案（30页word版） 30页

‎ 2019届一轮复习人教版选修七Unit2Robots 单元学案 ‎ 单元基础知识过关复习 ‎ 核心词汇 ‎1．When she was telling us about her headache，her real aim was just to gain our____________(同情)．‎ ‎2．It was a reasonable ____________(评估)and probably pretty close to the truth.‎ ‎3．The opening____________(章)gives a general overview of the subject.‎ ‎4．She got a ____________(兼职的)job to supplement the family income.‎ ‎5．When climbing a mountain I advise beginners to use a ____________(手杖)．‎ ‎6．The baggage is two kilos____________(超重)，so you have to pay two more dollars.‎ ‎7．I like my clothes to be simple but ____________(优雅的)．‎ ‎8．I shall be pleased to go, if you will____________(陪伴)me.‎ ‎9．用satisfy的适当形式填空 ‎(1)Nothing____________her；she’s always complaining.‎ ‎(2)I am not at all____________with the present situation.‎ ‎(3)The service that the company offers all over the country is quite____________.‎ ‎(4)Last night they watched our performance with____________.‎ ‎10．She ____________a lot of money and her____________for wealth made her put all her money in the bank.When she learned that it was possible that interest rate should be reduced，she almost went crazy.(desire)‎ ‎1.sympathy　2.assessment　3.chapter　4.parttime　5.staff6.overweight　7.elegant　8.accompany 9.(1)satisfies(2)satisfied　(3)satisfying　(4)satisfaction　10.desired；desire 高频短语 ‎1．________________ 试验；考验 ‎2．________________ 给……打电话 ‎3．________________ 转向；回转 ‎4．________________ 不管，别惹；让……一个 人待着；和……单独在一起 ‎5．________________ 将……放在一边；为……节 省或保留(钱或时间)‎ ‎6．________________ 一共；总计 ‎7．________________ 一定做……‎ ‎8．________________ 寻找 ‎9．________________ 把……和……进行比较 ‎10．________________ 更确切地说 ‎11．________________ 对……低声说 ‎12．________________ 爱上……‎ ‎1.test out　2.ring up　3.turn around　4.leave...alone　5.set aside　6.in all　7.be bound to　8.search for　9.compare ...with...　10.or rather　11.whisper to　12.fall in love with 重点句式 ‎1．His name was Tony and he seemed ____________like a human ____________a machine.‎ 他的名字叫托尼，与其说他看上去像一台机器，倒不如说更像一个人。‎ ‎2．As she turned around，____________.‎ 当她转过身时，她发现格拉迪丝·克拉芬就站在身旁。‎ ‎3．Asimov began having stories __________ in science fiction magazines in 1939.‎ 在1939年艾西莫夫开始在科幻杂志上发表小说。‎ ‎4．________ when Asimov was eleven years old_________his talent for writing became obvious.‎ 阿西莫夫的写作天才是在他11岁时才显露出来的。‎ ‎1.more；than　2.there stood Gladys Claffern　3.published,4.It was； that 知识详解 ‎1 .desire　n．　渴望；欲望；渴求 ‎ vt.　希望得到；想要 Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires?‎ 你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和愿望吗？‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①Teenagers’ desire for independence can cause problems for their parents.‎ 青少年对独立的渴望会给父母带来麻烦。‎ ‎②One woman had expressed a strong desire to learn to read.‎ 一位妇女表达了学识字的强烈愿望。 ‎ ‎③We all desire health and happiness.‎ 我们都渴望健康和幸福。‎ ‎④We always desire to live in peace with our neighbors.‎ 我们一向希望邻里之间和睦相处。 ‎ ‎⑤We desire that immediate help be given to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.‎ 我们渴望给予那些被洪水围困的当地村民们立刻的救援。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎1．完成句子 ‎(1)As far as I know，the little boy ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (有强烈的求知欲)．‎ 答案：has a strong desire for knowledge ‎ ‎(2)My desire is that I________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ (不久再来中国)．‎ 答案：should come to China again soon ‎(3)The old woman desired her sons and daughters________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(不时地来看望她)．‎ 答案：to come/should come and see her from time to time ‎2 .favour　n．　喜爱；恩惠，帮忙；优惠 ‎ vt.　喜爱；偏袒(＝favor)‎ As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.‎ 托尼为让克莱尔高兴，答应帮助她，使她变得更漂亮，使她的家变得更高雅大方。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today?‎ 今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？‎ ‎②I’ll ask Steve to take it.He owes me a favour.‎ 我要请史蒂夫接受。他欠我一个人情。‎ ‎③I’m all in favour of equal pay for equal work.‎ 我完全支持同工同酬。‎ ‎④The exchange rate is in our favour at the moment.‎ 目前汇率对我们有利。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎2．完成句子 ‎(1)他们大部分人赞成我的观点，而戴维反对。‎ Most of them were ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ while David ________ ________ ________.‎ 答案：in favour of my opinion；was against it ‎ ‎(2)你可以帮我把这个拿到邮局吗？‎ Will you ________ ________ ________ ________ and take this to the post office for me?‎ 答案：do me a favour ‎3 .sympathy　n．　同情，同情心；赞同，支持 Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.‎ 克莱尔觉得，机器人向她表示同情，这有点荒唐可笑。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①I have no sympathy for Jan，it’s all her own fault.‎ 我不同情简，那都是她自己的错。 ‎ ‎②I wish he’d show me a little more sympathy.‎ 我多希望他能再体谅我一点。‎ ‎③Out of sympathy for the homeless children，he gave them shelter for the night.‎ 出于对无家可归的孩子的同情，他给他们提供了住宿。‎ ‎④Do you have any sympathy with his point of view?‎ 你同意他的观点吗？‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎3．完成句子 ‎(1)我绝对不同情那些考试作弊的考生。‎ I ________ ________ ________ ________ _________ students who cheat on tests.‎ 答案：have absolutely no sympathy for ‎(2)大多人赞同你的看法。‎ The majority of people are _________ _________ _________your views.‎ 答案：in sympathy with/in favour of ‎4 .accompany　vt.　陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有 As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops，he wrote out a list of items for her.‎ 她不允许他陪她去商店，因此他为她列了一个购物清单。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①Our trained leaders will accompany you and tell you everything you need to know.‎ 我们受过培训的带队人员会陪伴着你，告诉你需要知道的一切。‎ ‎②John has decided to accompany me on my trip to India.‎ 约翰已决定陪我去印度。‎ ‎③The singer was accompanied on the piano by her sister.‎ 女歌手由她姐姐钢琴伴奏。‎ ‎④I’ll stay here and keep you company.‎ 我留下来陪你。‎ ‎⑤Her father accompanied her to the concert and when she sang，her father accompanied her on the piano.Her song sounded wonderful accompanied by the music.‎ 她父亲陪她去音乐会，当她唱歌时，她父亲为她钢琴伴奏。在音乐的陪伴下，她的歌声听起来优美极了。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎4．I’m sure you will make yourself understood better if you________your words with gestures.‎ A．advocate　　　　　　B．refresh C．accompany D．transform 解析：选C。accompany 意为“陪伴，伴奏”。句意：假如你说话时伴之以手势，那么别人肯定就能更清楚地明白你的意思。advocate拥护，提倡，主张；refresh使恢复，使振作；transform转化，转换，改造，变换。‎ ‎5．It is said that dogs will keep you________for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.‎ A．safety B．company C．house D．friend 解析：选B。keep sb.company为习语，表示“陪伴某人；与某人同步 ”。‎ ‎5 .satisfaction　 n．　满意，满足 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①She looked back on her career with great satisfaction.‎ 回顾自己的事业，她深感欣慰。‎ ‎②The education system must satisfy the needs of all children.‎ 教育系统必须满足所有儿童的需要。‎ ‎③The girl satisfied her mother by cleaning up the kitchen.‎ 那女孩清洗厨房以使她母亲满意。‎ ‎④The teacher was very satisfied with the work the students did yesterday.‎ 老师对学生们昨天干的工作感到十分满意。‎ ‎⑤The result of the examination is very satisfying.‎ ‎ 这次考试的结果非常令人满意。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎6．You can’t________everybody.If the majority________your decision，that’s OK.‎ A．satisfy；was satisfied with B．be satisfied；satisfy C．satisfy；are satisfied with D．satisfy；satisfied with 解析：选C。本题的关键是动词satisfy的用法，表示“使人满意”‎ ‎，用satisfy sb.；若表示“某人对某事满意”，则用sb.be satisfied with sth.，另外，根据前后语境知应用一般现在时。‎ ‎6 .declare　vt.　宣布；声明；表明；宣称 She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.‎ 她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，明天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①Officials declared Jackson the winner of the race.‎ 官员们宣布杰克逊为比赛的胜利者。‎ ‎②The United States declared its independence from Britain in 1776.‎ 美国于1776年正式宣布脱离英国而独立。‎ ‎③The time has come to declare war on cancer.‎ 是该向癌症宣战的时候了。‎ ‎④When they asked him for his opinion，he declared strongly against the policy.‎ 他们向他征求意见时，他声明强烈反对这项政策。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎[易混辨析]‎ announce，declare ‎(1)announce指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”‎ 人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。‎ ‎(2)declare指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。‎ ‎①It was announced that there would be a celebration on Sunday.‎ ‎②We have time and time again declared that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎7．The fact that she never apologized ________ a lot about what kind of person she is.‎ A．says　　　　　　　　　　　B．talks C．appears D．declares 解析：选A。本题考查动词词义辨析。say意为“说明，表达，显示”。B项talk意为“谈论”；C项appear意为“出现，显得”；D项declare意为“宣布，声明”，都不合语境。句意：她永远不会道歉很大程度上说明了她是一个什么样的人。‎ ‎7 .leave...alone　不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起 She shouted “Leave me alone ”and ran to her bed.‎ 她高声嚷着：“让我独自待一会儿！”然后就跑上了床。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ leave behind 遗留；把……抛在后面；超过 leave aside 搁置一边 leave for... 动身到……‎ leave out 省略；遗漏 leave over 留下；剩下 ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①I’ve told you to leave my things alone.Why can’t you leave me alone?‎ 我已经告诉你别管我的事情。为什么你不让我一个人待着？‎ ‎②Leave it alone，or you’ll break it.‎ 别碰它，否则你会把它弄坏的。‎ ‎③It was careless of him to leave out an important detail.‎ 他真粗心，漏掉了一个重要细节。‎ ‎④Don’t leave me behind.‎ 不要把我忘了。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎8．用leave alone；leave out；leave behind；leave for填空：‎ ‎(1)You will have to put in some extra work if you don’t want to get ____________.‎ 答案：left behind ‎ ‎(2)________him________—he obviously doesn’t want to talk about it.‎ 答案：Leave；alone ‎(3)We will_____________ the airport at a quarter past five.‎ 答案：leave for ‎(4)The teacher stressed again that the students should not____________ any important details while retelling the story.‎ 答案：leave out ‎8 .set aside　将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)‎ He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exercise.‎ 当老板说他可以留出时间运动的时候，他感到很高兴。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ set about doing 着手做某事 set down (指车辆或司机)停下来让(乘客)下车；记下；放下 set off 出发，动身，起程；使……爆炸 set out 出发；摆放；陈述或宣布；开始做某事 set up 摆放或竖起某物；使……准备使用；开办，建立 ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①She tries to set aside some money every month.‎ 她每个月都尽量存点钱。‎ ‎②Let’s set aside my personal feelings for now.‎ 目前咱们就不要顾及我的个人感情了。‎ ‎③I think we ought to set off at 7∶00，while the roads are empty.‎ 我认为我们应该7点出发，趁那时道路畅通无阻。‎ ‎④For all three years I have been working for others，I’m hoping I’ll set up my own business someday.‎ 三年来我一直为他人工作，我希望有一天我能建立自己的事业。‎ ‎⑤I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.‎ 我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎9．用set aside；set down；set out；set up；set about填空：‎ ‎(1)Johnson ____________decorating their new house in blues and yellows.‎ 答案：set about ‎(2)He was asked to ____________ the facts just as he remembered.‎ 答案：set down ‎(3)I____________my overcoat and took out my summer clothes.‎ 答案：set aside ‎(4)After dinner，Candida____________for the supermarket to buy some chocolate.‎ 答案：set out ‎ ‎(5)A lot of tall buildings have been ____________in Beijing in the past three years.‎ 答案：set up 句型梳理 ‎1【教材原句】　It_was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.(P12)‎ 也就在这时候，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。‎ ‎【句法分析】　强调句的用法：‎ ‎(1)It was/is＋被强调部分＋that...构成强调句的陈述句形式。‎ ‎①It was because of bad weather that the football match must be put off.‎ 是因为坏天气，足球赛必须被推迟。(强调的是原因状语)‎ ‎②It was in the beautiful park that was located by the sea that we first met our new Chinese teacher.‎ 是在位于海边的美丽公园我们第一次遇见我们汉语老师。‎ ‎(2)强调句的疑问句形式。强调句变为一般疑问句时，直接将is/was置于句首。简略的答语为：“Yes，it is/was.”或“No，it isn’t/wasn’t.”‎ ‎③—Was it you that I saw at the concert last night?‎ 我昨天晚上在音乐会上看到的是你吗？‎ ‎—No，it wasn’t.不是。‎ ‎(3)强调句的特殊疑问句式是：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that...。‎ ‎④Why was it that the football match must be put off?‎ 为什么足球赛必须被推迟？‎ ‎(4)强调“not...until”引导的时间状语时，要用“It is/was not until...that...”结构，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。‎ ‎⑤It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.‎ 直到她摘下她的墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。‎ ‎10．—Oh，where is my wallet?‎ ‎—Was it ________ the man knocked into you ________ he picked your wallet?‎ A．how；that　　　　　　 B．what；that C．that；when D．when；that 解析：选D。考查强调句型。答句可还原为It was when...that he picked your wallet。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎11．I really don’t know ________ I had my money stolen.‎ A．when was it that ‎ B．that it was when C．where it was that ‎ D．it was where that 解析：选C。由强调句结构“ It was...that...”可排除B项；强调句作动词know的宾语，语序应为陈述句语序，排除A项。显然，强调句的强调部分为where，但是强调句为宾语从句时，这类wh连接代词或副词常置于it之前，作宾语从句的连接词。‎ ‎12．It was only after he had spent several nights experimenting ________ he decided to write to Dr.Williams to find out if he was wasting his time.‎ A．when B．that C．before D．since 解析：选B。句意：他是在做了几晚实验后才决定写信给威廉斯博士，想知道自己是否在浪费时间。此句是强调句型。‎ ‎13．It was only when I fully understood the poem ________ to appreciate its beauty.‎ A．did I come B．that I came C．then I came D．had I come 解析：选B。“It is＋被强调部分＋that...”是强调句型。‎ ‎2【教材原句】　Asimov began having_stories_published in science fiction magazines in 1939.‎ 在1939年艾西莫夫开始在科幻杂志上发表小说。‎ ‎【句法分析】　have sth.done 中过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的含义，有时也可以用get sth.done来替换，该结构的意思是“使某事被做”。有时可翻译为“请人做某事”。‎ ‎(1)have sb.do sth.让某人干某事 ‎(2)have sb./sth.doing让某人一直做某事(某事处于某种状态)。用于否定句时，have 表示“容忍、容许”之意。‎ ‎(3)have sth.to do/to be done有事要做，have 表示“拥有”‎ ‎①I usually have my clothes washed on Sundays.I don’t wash my clothes myself.‎ 我通常在星期天洗衣服，但不是自己洗。‎ ‎② He had his experiment report all written out neatly.‎ 他把实验报告写得清清楚楚。‎ ‎③We won’t have you cheating in the exam.‎ 我们不允许你们在考试时作弊。‎ ‎④The boss had the workers working day and night.‎ 老板让工人们日日夜夜不停地工作。‎ ‎⑤We have a lot of things to do every day.‎ 我们每天都有很多事情要做。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎14．I have a lot of readings________before the end of this term.‎ A．completing　　　　　　 B．to complete C．completed D．being completed 解析：选B。句意：本学期结束前我有许多阅读要完成。考查非谓语动词作定语。have sth.to do 有某事要做，to do 的逻辑主语需和主句主语一致；当不定式的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，可用 have sth.to be done 结构。‎ ‎15．He feels it dangerous for a girl to be out late at night so he won’t have his daughter ________home late.‎ A．arrive B．arrived C．to arrive D．arriving 解析：选D。考查have sb.doing的用法。have sb.doing在否定句中用于will not，can not 等之后， 表示允许或容忍(某事物)发生。‎ ‎16．—Manager，do you have something________at this moment?‎ ‎—No，thanks.I’ll call you if any.‎ A．to be typed B．to type C．typing D．typed 解析：选A。句意：“经理，现在你有什么材料要打印出来吗？”“不，谢谢。如果有的话我会给你打电话的。”根据题意，have 在此句中表示“拥有”‎ ‎，答案只能在A、B之间选择，A项表示动作由别人执行，B项表示动作由句子的主语you 执行，故答案为A。‎ ‎17．I can’t see my old grandparents ________alone in the country，so I’ll have them________with me in the city at present.‎ A．leave；stay　　　　　　 B．left；stay C．leaving；to stay D．left；to stay 解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。第一空为过去分词作补语；第二空构成have sb.do sth.结构，表示让某人做某事，该处have 是使役动词，故答案为B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[单元语基落实]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The president was so young that he was junior to some of his employees.‎ ‎2．In our country, all citizens are banned to disobey (obey) the constitution (宪法)．‎ ‎3．Only one third of the people present at the meeting voted in favour of the new law.‎ ‎4．In 1972, President Richard Nixon declared the third Sunday of June every year as Father’s Day in America.‎ ‎5．It is true that the earth’s resources are decreasing at an alarming (alarm) rate, so we should make good use of them.‎ ‎6．Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hardworking people.‎ ‎7．He is not satisfied with the result of the exam.‎ ‎8．My daughter showed a lot of sympathy for the people who were begging from the passing shoppers.‎ ‎9．After living in Hangzhou for five years, she has developed quite an affection (affect) for the city.‎ ‎10．On seeing that the famous actress came onto the stage with her boyfriend accompanying (accompany) her, all the fans burst out screaming.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．She had a computer at home, and her parents desired that she did all her work at home.did→do ‎2．Anny was so alarming that she dared not turn off the lights. alarming→alarmed ‎3．Thunders accompanying by heavy rain in this season are very common. accompanying→accompanied ‎4．All the staff in our company is considering going to the city centre for the fashion show.is→are ‎5．These rules must to be obeyed by everybody as they are for the good of the whole school.去掉to ‎6．You’ve done too much work that you’re bound to passing the exam. passing→pass ‎7．He is an easygoing boy and all his classmates are satisfying with him.satisfying→satisfied ‎8．It’s impolite to be interested in others’ affair.affair→affairs Ⅲ.选词填空 leave ... alone， set aside， test out， ring up， turn around， be bound to， in favour of， in all ‎1．—Why didn’t you ring me up?‎ ‎—Sorry, I forgot your phone number.‎ ‎2．He turned_around as he heard a noise behind him.‎ ‎3．There are 32 boys and 26 girls in our class in_all.‎ ‎4．Some doctors advise setting_aside a certain hour each day for exercise.‎ ‎5．The new policy, if strictly operated, is_bound_to benefit lots of lowincome families.‎ ‎6．Having left Tom alone at home, he felt a bit nervous.‎ ‎7．They usually have the medicine tested_out before putting into the market.‎ ‎8．The majority of students were in_favour_of the suggestion that they go to picnic the next day.‎ Ⅳ.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子 ‎1．很遗憾你错过了在北京举办的2017世界机器人大会。(it作形式主语)‎ It’s_a_pity_that_you_missed the 2017 World Robot Conference held in Beijing.‎ ‎2．昨天我们在海滩上玩得多开心呀！(what感叹句式) ‎ What_a_good_time_we_had_on_the_beach_yesterday!‎ ‎3．天黑之前，我们到达了一个小镇，它的东面是一个大农场。(完全倒装句式)‎ Before dark, we arrived at a small town, east_of_which_lies_a_big_farm.‎ ‎4．那样跟父亲说话很粗鲁，今后我不会再容忍你那样跟父亲说话。(have sb. doing)‎ It’s rude of you to speak to father like that and I won’t ‎ have_you_speaking_to father like that in future.‎ ‎5．他们坐在花园里，谈论着去年他们一起度过的日子。(现在分词作状语)‎ They sat in the garden, talking_about_the_days they spent together last year.‎ 单元综合知识运用检测 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 未来机器人 ‎348‎ ‎8分钟 Robots have proven very useful in different situations. But those bots are small remotecontrolled tanks with a mechanical arm, and they can get hung up on narrow stairwells (楼梯井) and are stopped by ladders. “A lot of the places where you do disaster recovery are only accessible for people，” says Marc Raibert, the president of Boston Dynamics, which is providing advice and help for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) — the scientific research department of the U．S. military (军队) — to create the most advanced robots on earth. “If ‎ you're a humanoid — a machine or creature with the appearance and qualities of a human — access can be increased and you can use available tools.” In the future DARPA hopes, a humanoid robot will be able to drive trucks, and enter power plants.‎ That future is a long way off. Simple movements like squatting (蹲) are almost impossible for something with metal parts and skin that cannot bend, says Raibert. Still, recent progress is impressive enough that the military has begun to bet on legged bots. The Office of Naval Research is working with Virginia Tech on a humanoid firefighting robot, and Dynamics showed off two of its latest projects: Cheetah, a fourlegged robot capable of running 28 miles per hour, and the Legged Squad Support System, a big and awkward headless robot funded by DARPA and the Marine Corps to help carry things in places like mountain areas.‎ ‎“Half the land on earth is too rough, sandy, or rocky for wheeled things，” says Raibert. “Humans and animals can go to those places. They are the only examples of successful systems that do what we're trying to do.”‎ None of the walking robots is meant to fight. They're designed to put out fires and clean up industrial accidents. But they are all funded by the military. “I'm well aware of how the world works，” says Dennis Hong, founding director of Virginia Tech's robotics lab. “Robots for me are tools to help society, not to fight in wars. But once a technology leaves our lab, there's no way to control how people can use it.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。未来的机器人将会设计得越来越像人类，并能完成复杂的任务。‎ ‎1．In Marc Raibert's opinion, robots need to be designed like humans to ________.‎ A．accomplish complex tasks B．be controlled efficiently C．survive disasters D．appear friendly 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If you're a humanoid ... access can be increased and you can use available tools ... a humanoid robot will be able to drive trucks, and enter power plants.”可知，类人化的机器人可以到更多的地方，完成复杂的任务。‎ ‎2．Which of the following is most likely to be Cheetah?‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Cheetah, a fourlegged robot capable of running 28 miles per hour”可知，Cheetah是四脚着地的机器人，故选C项。‎ ‎3．The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to ________.‎ A．Cheetah and the Legged Squad Support System B．humans and animals C．wheeled things D．legged robots 解析：选A　代词指代题。根据第三段内容可知，地球上一半的道路都不适合轮子通过，但是人类和动物可以到达这些地方，所以人们模仿自己和动物设计出了“有腿的”机器人。第二段中提到的Cheetah可以一小时跑28英里，Legged Squad Support System可以在山区等地方帮助人们驮东西，因此说这两个机器人是研发成功的例子，能够做我们人类做的事情。‎ ‎4．How does Dennis Hong feel about using robots in wars?‎ A．Surprised.　　　　　　　 　B．Cautious.‎ C．Uninterested. D．Helpless.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段末的“Robots for me are tools to help society ... control how people can use it.”可知，Dennis Hong认为设计机器人是为了造福社会，而不是为了战争，但是一旦一项技术离开了他们的实验室，他们就无法控制人们怎样利用这项技术。由此可推测，他对于机器人被使用在战争中感到无能为力。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 会做饭的机器人 ‎270‎ ‎6分钟 ‎(2018·九江市高三二模)Robots performing tasks according to a predetermined set of instructions are nothing new.But robots able to learn how to cook by watching videos are a completely different approach, which is conducted by a group of researchers at the University of Maryland.‎ If you have posted a video of your favorite recipe on the popular website YouTube, chances are that it will be used by a robot.University of Maryland's professor Yiannis Aloimonos, leader of the group, said “There exists a large amount of video information on the Internet that our robots can capitalize_on.”‎ ‎“At present, the videos are fed electronically，” said research scientist Cornelia Fermuller.“Originally, we took our own videos, our ‎ cameras looking at us doing the cooking，” she explained.“And, as the robot advances, it reacts to good quality videos.And it will react to even lower quality homemade videos.”‎ So far, the robot named Julia can make a simple salad by breaking each task into basic parts, such as grasping a spoon, bringing it to the bowl, stirring the salad and observing the results.‎ But why teach a robot how to understand a video when it can easily follow a fixed program？Aloimonos believes predetermined instructions lack flexibility.He thinks one of the problems is how to make the robot understand and use what it learns during a certain task, the socalled feedback (反馈意见); another is the introduction of language.‎ ‎“I believe it will take quite some time before the robots are able to understand metaphorical (比喻性的) language，” he added.“But，” he said，“we don't need that to create a new world where the robots will be working for us.”‎ 语篇解读：机器人按既定指令完成任务并不让人觉得新鲜，但能看着视频学做饭的机器人，你可能前所未闻。‎ ‎5．The underlined phrase “capitalize on” in Paragraph 2 probably can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．take hold of　　　　　 　B．make use of C．keep track of D．catch sight of 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由第二段的第一句“If you have posted ...used by a robot.”可知，机器人能利用网上大量的视频信息。结合第二段的最后一句可知，capitalize on应与“make use of”意思相近，因此选择B项。‎ ‎6．Aloimonos probably agrees that at present the robot ________.‎ A．can not fully digest what it learns B．can not make a simple salad C．can follow homemade videos D．can understand metaphorical language 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段Aloimonos的话可知，该机器人目前还不能理解比喻性的语言。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可推知，Aloimonos可能认为目前该机器人还不能完全消化它学的东西，应选择A项。‎ ‎7．Robots are taught to understand a video mainly because ________.‎ A．they can easily follow fixed programs B．they are smart enough to learn cooking C．cooking videos are more interesting to watch D．predetermined instructions are not flexible 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的前两句“But why teach a robot ...a fixed program？Aloimonos believes predetermined instructions lack flexibility.”可知，教机器人理解视频是因为预定指令不够灵活，应选择D项。‎ ‎8．Which of the following might best serve as the title of the passage?‎ A．Robots Creating a New World B．Robots Making Cooking Videos C．Robots Learning to Cook by Watching Videos D．Robots Performing Tasks by Following Instructions 解析：选C　标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了通过观看视频学做饭的机器人，因此C项是最佳标题。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Most of us believe that we know ourselves better than anyone else in ‎ this world. But a lot of people are still strangers to themselves. Why? __1__ If you are one of those who are struggling to know yourself better, these steps will guide you.‎ Take a moment to write down things that you know “very well” about yourself — your interests, likes, hobbies, strengths, weaknesses, hopes, fears, dreams, etc. __2__ By creating a list of your personal characteristics that you are familiar with, you are keeping yourself in touch with yourself.‎ ‎__3__ This is another way to know yourself better. The Internet has a rich source of free online personality and psychological assessments and tests. By answering them, you will understand more about how you think, make decisions, interact with people, do things, choose your mate, live your life, etc.‎ Know yourself better by understanding people's judgement on you. __4__ Sometimes, you think you know yourself enough, but other people who see you from their point of view can offer you some insights (了解) about how you act and get understood by others.‎ ‎__5__It's a lifetime process. Every day you will be given new insights about yourself. Writing a journal will help you keep track of these new discoveries. Maintaining that hunger to know yourself better will make you more selfaware, opening up new opportunities to enrich your life.‎ A．Keep on learning who you are.‎ B．Take personality and psychological tests.‎ C．Get more information on personalities to build up your confidence.‎ D．Reflect on these qualities and find out how they have an effect on your life.‎ E．In order to have a balanced and happy life, you should know yourself well.‎ F．Pay attention to what your family, friends and coworkers observe and say about you.‎ G．Not everyone is courageous enough to travel the path within to achieve a better selfunderstanding.‎ ‎1．选G　本句回答了为什么很多人对自己不了解这一问题，即并不是所有的人都有勇气走进自己的内心以便更好地了解自我，所以选G项。‎ ‎2．选D　本选项中的“these qualities”既指上文中提到的那些个性品质，也指下句中的“personal characteristics”，所以选D项。‎ ‎3．选B　由本段的内容可知该段提出了要进行个性和心理测试的建议，所以选B项。‎ ‎4．选F　本选项是对主旨句的进一步阐明，注意家人、朋友和同事对你的评价。‎ ‎5．选A　由本段的内容可知了解自己是一个持续不断的过程，所以此处选A项。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2018·石家庄高三教学质检二)Yesterday I was walking to the classroom when a card with a key lies on the ground catches my eye. I picked it up, finding that it was a canteen card or there was no name on it, only the card number. I was puzzling how I could return it to the owner. Sudden a good idea hit me — I could turn to the canteen staff for help. A worker in the canteen referred to the record and eventually found the owner name and class. Immediately, I went to the class and returned a card to the owner. She thanked for me again and again, expressing his ‎ appreciation. Saying goodbye, I went back attend my class.‎ 答案：第一句：lies→lying; catches→caught 第二句：or→but 第三句：puzzling→puzzled 第四句：Sudden→Suddenly 第五句：owner→owner's 第六句：a→the 第七句：去掉for; his→her 第八句：back后加to