【英语】2018届人教版必修1Unit4Earthquakes单元学案设计（13页） 13页

‎2018届人教版必修1Unit4Earthquakes单元学案设计 ‎　单元话题阅读 ‎（一）惨痛的记忆：中国历史上的大地震 ‎1556: Shaanxi, China 明代陕西大地震 The deadliest quake of all time might be one of the least talked about, considering it occurred nearly 450 years ago. The 1556 quake claimed the lives of some 830,000 people. Why the massive death toll? Blame the quake's strength (8.0 on the Richter scale, or more than 30 times more powerful than the recent quake in Haiti) as well as timing and location. The pre-modern structures were utterly unable to withstand a quake of such force, and massive landslides contributed to the casualties.‎ 历史上最可怕的地震也许是最少被谈及的一场地震,因为它发生在450年之前。这场地震导致83万人死亡。为何死亡人数如此巨大？原因在于震级（里氏8.0级,比刚发生的海地地震强30倍）,还有时间和地点。古代的房屋建筑完全不能抵挡这样的大地震,大面积的山体滑坡也导致不少人遇难。‎ ‎1976: Tangshan, China 唐山大地震 China has the misfortune to have had the second deadliest earthquake on record, the 1976 Great Tangshan Earthquake, which struck in the country's northeast. It'd be more accurate to call this a binaryquake: an aftershock that struck 16 hours after the initial temblor measured an identical 7.8 on the Richter scale and was equally destructive.‎ 继陕西地震之后,中国又发生了第二大强度的地震,1976年唐山大地震,确切来说是两次大地震：地震后16小时,里氏7.8级的余震又造成了巨大损失。‎ ‎1920: Haiyuan, China 宁夏海原地震 The Dec. 16, 1920 Haiyuan earthquake — which registered a 7.8 magnitude on the Richter scale — caused rivers to change course and sent landslides pouring down mountains. Destruction stretched across seven Chinese provinces. Sujiahe, a town in in Xiji County, was completely buried under a landslide. An estimated 200,000 people died in the disaster, which was felt as far away as Norway.‎ ‎1920年十月十六日宁夏海原发生的里氏7.8级大地震使得河流改道,并导致山体滑坡。七省同时受灾。西吉县苏家河镇在一次滑坡中整体被埋。二十万人死于此次地震,并且震感远至挪威。‎ ‎2008: Sichuan Province, China 四川省5.12大地震 The 7.9-magnitude disaster struck the mountainous Sichuan Province in western China, destroying millions of buildings and causing an estimated $86 billion worth of damage. Nearly 10,000 children died in schools — trapped under rubble when the buildings collapsed.‎ 四川发生的这场7.9级大地震中有上百万房屋倒塌,造成约860亿美元的损失。几乎有一万个孩子死在倒塌的教学楼中。‎ ‎（二）当地震发生时的你该如何应对？‎ ‎●When walking outside行走在户外时 ‎　　Take caution against falling objects, such as signs and broken windows. Tools and construction materials can fall down at a construction site. Protect your head with your bag or coat and keep at a distance from tall buildings. Stone walls and pillars can also fall down and are potentially dangerous.‎ ‎　　当心坠落的物体,例如广告牌和破碎的窗户。建筑工具和材料有可能从建筑工地跌落。用包或大衣保护自己的头部,和高层建筑保持距离。石墙和柱子也可能会倒塌,从而带来安全隐患。‎ ‎●When driving a car驾驶车辆时 ‎　　Firmly hold the steering wheel, gradually reduce speed, park your car on the side of the road, and stop the engine. Listen to information on the radio and find out what is happening. If you need to evacuate, leave your keys, keep the doors unlocked, and walk away with your car documents and valuables.‎ ‎　　握稳方向盘,逐渐减速,然后把车停到路边,关掉引擎。收听广播信息,了解目前状况。如果需要撤离,应将车钥匙留下,不锁车门,并随身携带好车辆证件和贵重物品。●When underground or in a subway在地下或乘地铁时 ‎　　The shaking you feel when you are underground is about half of what you would experience over ground. Additionally, underground areas have strong structures and are safer than high-rise buildings. Calmly evacuate, following instructions from shop clerks and subway staff.‎ ‎　　地下感受到的震动大约只有地上的一半。另外,地下建筑通常比高层建筑更坚固,安全。应按照店员和地铁工作人员的指示,沉着冷静地撤离。‎ ‎●When in high-rise building在高层建筑时 ‎　　Elevators with earthquake sensors will stop at the nearest floor. Immediately leave the elevator. If you get stuck in the elevator, use the intercom to contact someone outside and wait for rescue. When you evacuate from buildings, never use elevators, listen to announcements, and use the stairs to leave the building.‎ ‎　　装有地震感应器的电梯会停靠在最近的楼层,此时应迅速地离开电梯。如果被困在电梯里,应用其通话装置和外部联系,然后等待救援。从楼房撤离时,不要使用电梯,而应听通告,使用楼梯离开大楼。‎ ‎●When near the ocean在海边时 ‎　 Head for higher ground and carefully listen to tsunami information. Do not go near the ocean until tsunami warnings have been cleared. Don’t even think about going to watch tsunamis!‎ 立即向高处转移,同时收听海啸信息。在海啸警报解除之前,不要靠近海边,更不要有观看海啸的荒谬想法。‎ 五年高考真题回顾 ‎【话题分析】‎ ‎ 地震等自然灾害无情地危害着人类的生命财产安全,但是人类应该尽可能地预防自然灾害。在自然灾害发生后,人类应该积极地进行抢险自救,重建美好家园。‎ 高考试题 ‎（2011·福建书面表达）为纪念汶川大地震三周年,某英文报发起关于灾区新貌的征文活动。请根据以下图片提示,以"Great Changes"为题,用英语写一篇短文应征。内容要点如下:‎ ‎1.某中学灾后三年来的变化,如教学与活动场所,以及师生精神面貌等;‎ ‎2.发生变化的原因;‎ ‎3.你的感想。‎ 注意:‎ ‎1.短文标题与开头已给出,不计入总词数;‎ ‎2.可根据图片提示适当发挥; ‎ ‎3.词数:120左右。‎ Great Changes I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years.　 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Great Changes I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years. ‎ On May 12,2008, a severe earthquake destroyed almost everything in the school, leaving badly-damaged buildings. It is now, however, taking on a new look. Tall buildings have been put up, including classroom and laboratory buildings, and a library. There is also a newly-built standard playground. In the new environment, teachers and students are living happily and working hard. It is really amazing that the once-ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school, full of life.‎ Obviously, without the help of the whole society, there would be no new school today. It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes. Many hands make light work. We can work wonders if we unite as a family, caring for each other and helping those in need. Union is strength.‎ 原创阅读试题 I.阅读理解 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 记叙文 地震后人们之间关爱 ‎245‎ ‎★★☆☆☆‎ ‎5分钟 When an earthquake hit a small town, many houses fell down. After the earthquake, all the newspapers reported many-stories about some of the families who were in trouble.‎ One Sunday, when I was reading a newspaper, a special picture touched me. It gave the clothing sizes of each family member. I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were less lucky than themselves. I said to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and three-year-old daughter, Meghan, "We have so much, but these poor people now have nothing. We'll share what we have with them."‎ I filled a box with foods and clothes. While I was doing this, I encouraged the children to choose their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. Meghan watched quietly as the boys took out their old toys and games and put them together. Then she walked away. A few minutes later she came back with Lucy, her much-loved doll. She put the doll on top of the other toys. "Oh, dear," I said, "you don't have to give Lucy. You love her so much. " Meghan said, "Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she'll make another little girl happy, too."‎ I looked at Meghan for a long moment. She taught me a lesson. It's easy to give something that we don't want any more, but hard to give what we cherish(珍爱),isn't it?‎ ‎1.According to the passage, the writer has_____________ children.‎ A. one B. two C. three D. four ‎2. The underlined word "donate" probably means_____________.‎ A.捐赠 B.丢掉 C.展出 D.放好 ‎3. Which of the following is TRUE?‎ A. An earthquake happened in the writer's hometown.‎ B. The writer let Meghan give her much-loved doll.‎ C. The writer decided to buy some clothes for those people in trouble.‎ D. The writer thinks it is more difficult to give what we love a lot.‎ ‎4. What's the best title of this passage?‎ A. A Family Story. B. The Spirit of Giving.‎ C. The Way of Helping Others. D. A Sad Experience.‎ II. 完形填空 ‎ ‎ 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 说明文 预防地震的知识 ‎274‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎18分钟 Children need to be prepared for an earthquake as much as adults, if not more. For babies and children, special 　1　should be paid to 　2　their environment as safe as possible. Their beds should be placed 　3　from windows and tall, unsteady bookcases and shelves that could 　4　down.‎ At the very least a 72-hour 　5　of extra water, bottles, food, juices, clothing, plenty of diapers(尿布), baby wipes and ready medicines should be 　6　where it is most likely to get 　7　an earthquake. Also keep an extra diaper bag with these things in your car. Store baby cars, blankets and baby beds with right wheels to put babies in to leave in time, if 　8　. Set soft pads(垫子) in baby beds or baby cars to 　9　babies during the shaking.‎ By age three or so, children can 　10　what an earthquake is and how to get 　11　for one. Take the time to explain what 　12　earthquakes 　13　what they’ll understand. Include your children in family discussions and planning for earthquake 　14　. Take drills and review safety procedures (步骤) 　15　six months. Show children the safest places to be in each room when an earthquake hits. Also show them all 　16　exits from each room. Teach children what to do 　17　they are during an earthquake (at school, in a tall building, outdoors). 　18　children’s emergency cards at school are up-to-date.‎ ‎　19　children should not turn off any lights, it’s important that they know what gas smells like. Advise children to tell a(n) 　20　if they smell gas after an earthquake.‎ ‎1.A. advice B. warn C. attention D. help ‎2. A. making          B. feeling       C. staying       D. playing ‎3.A. nearby           B. down          C. across        D. away ‎4.A. break             B. fall             C. fold            D. put ‎5.A. supply           B. number      C. amount      D. deal ‎6.A. taken             B. left             C. stored        D. bought ‎7.A. before           B. during        C. since          D. after ‎8.A. important      B. necessary C. easy           D. ready ‎9.A. protect          B. lay C. relax          D. drive ‎10.A. call B. understand         C. expect        D. guess ‎11.A. worried       B. eager          C. excited      D. ready ‎12.A. changes      B. affects       C. prevents    D. causes ‎13.A. according to           B. because of  C. in spite of            D. thanks to ‎14.A. reason         B. result         C. safety         D. truth ‎15.A. once            B. every         C. next            D. another ‎16.A. similar        B. different    C. equal          D. possible ‎17.A. wherever    B. whatever   C. whenever D. whoever ‎18.A. Make sense           B. Work out   C. Make sure            D. Set down ‎19.A. Although    B. Because     C. If    D. Besides ‎20.A. person         B. adult          C. stranger     D. friend III．书面表达 你市最近隆重举行了"帮助地震灾区"活动的启动仪式。假如你是王华,请根据以下要点向你的美国网友Peter发一封英文电子邮件,介绍这次活动的情况。‎ 要点如下：‎ ‎1.时间：2014年3月20日上午；‎ ‎2.地点：市政府广场；‎ ‎3.参加人员：全市各行各业8000多人(包括中小学生)；‎ ‎4.主要活动：市长动员讲话.开幕式.捐款活动等。‎ ‎5.你的感受……‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数100左右,邮件的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数；‎ ‎2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：donation 捐赠物；harmonious和谐的 ‎ Dear Peter,‎ I’m very glad to tell you something about the opening ceremony of Helping the Earthquake-stricken Area in our city._____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Looking forward to your reply again.‎ Yours truly,‎ Wang Hua 参考答案 I.阅读理解 ‎【文章大意】 文章介绍作者看了报纸报道地震之后许多家庭陷入困境,她想借此机会让孩子们学会关爱他人,结果女儿给自己上了一课。‎ ‎1. C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段第四句"I said to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and three-year-old daughter, Meghan..."可知,作者有三个孩子Brad, Brett and Meghan。‎ ‎2. A 【解析】考查词义猜测。根据第三段中"I filled a box with foods and clothes. While I was doing this, I encouraged the children to choose their toys... ""Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she'll make another little girl happy, too."可知作者为灾区孩子捐赠食物和衣服,鼓励三个孩子捐出自己的玩具。‎ ‎3. D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句"It's easy to give something that we don't want any more, but hard to give what we cherish, isn't it?"便知。‎ ‎4. B 【解析】考查主旨大意。文章介绍作者看了报纸报道地震之后许多家庭陷入困境,她想借此机会让孩子们学会关爱他人,结果女儿给自己上了一课。故选B项。‎ II. 完形填空 ‎【文章大意】本文介绍一些预防地震的知识。‎ ‎1.C 句意：对婴儿们和儿童们而言应该特别注意使他们的环境尽可能的安全。此处是固定搭配pay attention to。‎ ‎2.A 使环境尽可能的安全,应用making。‎ ‎3.D 根据常识和语境可知床应放在远离窗户的地方,故用away。‎ ‎4.B 婴儿们和儿童们的床应该放在远离窗户和高的,不稳的有可能会倒下的书柜和架子的地方。故B项"倒下,落下"最确切。‎ ‎5.A supply"供应量",而a number of修饰可数名词复数,an amount of 和a great deal of修饰不可数名词,都是大量的意思,故A项符合语境。‎ ‎6.C 前面提到的许多物品应该是被储存而非带走.留下和买,故只有C项正确。‎ ‎7.D 准备很多物品肯定是希望地震后能够及时得到,故选D。‎ ‎8.B 结合语境可知,此处指如果有必要。其他选项均不符合语境。‎ ‎9.A 在婴幼儿床和车里放软垫子肯定是为了保护孩子。‎ ‎10.B 根据语境可知三岁左右的孩子可能明白(understand)地震是什么,明白怎样为地震作准备。‎ ‎11.D 见上题解析。get ready for"为……作准备"‎ ‎12.D 根据孩子的认知程度得花时间向他们解释是什么引起的地震。故D项符合语境,其余三项"改变"，"影响"，"防止"都不符合语境。‎ ‎13.A 见上题解析,只有A项符合语境。‎ ‎14.C 为地震安全(safety)所组织的家庭讨论或计划也应包括孩子。‎ ‎15.B 每隔六个月应该进行训练并复习安全步骤,故应用every。‎ ‎16.D 应该指给孩子们看可能的出口,故D项正确,其余各项不符合语境。‎ ‎17.A 根据括号里的提示可知空处指地点,应该用wherever。‎ ‎18.C 要确保孩子们的校园应急卡是最新的。A项"有意义"；B项"计算出"；C项"确保"；D项"记下"。C项符合语境。‎ ‎19.A 根据语境可知,此处表示让步。故选A。‎ ‎20.B 根据语境可知,应该是孩子告诉成年人,故应选adult。‎ III．书面表达 Dear Peter, ‎ I’m very glad to tell you something about the opening ceremony of Helping the Earthquake-stricken Area in our city. ‎ On the morning of March 20, 2014, the opening ceremony of Helping the Earthquake-stricken Area was opened in the Government’s Square in our city. More than 8,000 people from all fields of work took part in the activity, including students from primary and middle school. The mayor made a speech and emphasized the importance and the meaning of the activity. After the opening ceremony, there was a donation and many people took an active part in it.‎ I think it is really good to hold this activity, which can be very helpful to improve the lives of the poor and make a great contribution to build up harmonious society.‎ Looking forward to your reply again. ‎ Yours truly,‎ Wang Hua 单元词汇回顾 The whole nation was shocked by the earthquake. It was really an extremely frightening disaster. Almost everything was destroyed and people suffered a lot. They needed shelters and electricity. They expressed their sincere thanks to the Party for immediate rescue.‎ ‎【联想·积累】‎ ‎1.“真诚,诚实”家族 ‎①sincere adj.真诚的；sincerely adv.真诚地 ‎②genuine adj.真诚的,真心的；genuinely adv.真诚地,诚实地 ‎③hearty adj.亲切的,真诚的,热诚的 ‎④pure－hearted adj.真诚的 ‎⑤honest adj.诚实的,正直的；honesty n．诚实,正直,坦诚 ‎2.“adj.＋ －ity＝n.”荟萃 ‎①electricity 电 ‎ ‎②popularity 受欢迎,流行 ‎③reality 现实 ‎④similarity 相似点 ‎⑤security 安全 ‎⑥equality 平等 ‎⑦nationality 国籍 ‎⑧personality 个性 ‎⑨activity 活动 ‎⑩majority 大多数 ‎3.高频词链条 ‎①extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极其,非常 ‎②injure vt.损害；伤害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n．伤害；损害 ‎③shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊→shocked adj.震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的