2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes学案(2) 11页

Unit 4 Earthquakes学案 Ⅰ.情景默写 ‎1．I got a rescue(营救；援救) call from a woman in Muttontown.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ ‎2．Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped(陷入困境)in powerless high－rise buildings.(2016·北京卷)‎ ‎3．She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters(避身处)and promoting education and services for people in need.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ ‎4．His parents and his little brother lost their lives in the disaster(灾难)．‎ ‎5．With so many people buried(掩埋) under the mine，none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.‎ ‎6．A water pipe burst(爆裂) and the entire apartment was flooded.‎ ‎7．The public was shocked(震惊) by an incident in which a man lifted a baby girl and threw her to the ground.‎ ‎8．His house was completely destroyed(破坏) in the earthquake.‎ ‎9．Too much drinking will do damage(伤害) to your health; you should take the doctor’s advice.‎ ‎10．At last we could see the outline(轮廓) of an island.‎ ‎11．—We need an immediate reply.‎ ‎—I see.I’ll send the paper to you right__away(立刻；马上)．‎ ‎12．The whole country lay in__ruins(严重受损；破败不堪)after the war.‎ ‎13．I was__trapped__in(陷入)the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.‎ ‎14．When I came in，he was__buried__in(埋头于)playing computer games.‎ ‎15．It is reported that a__great__number__of(许多；大量的)people were injured in that accident and the number of people who died has reached 130.‎ ‎16．My holiday is at__an__end(结束；终结)and I must go back to work tomorrow.‎ ‎17．I didn’t persuade them to do the experiment in that way; you know，they ‎ thought__little/nothing__of(以为……没什么了不起)my suggestion.‎ ‎18．Judging__from(从……判断)his look，he doesn’t think much of our plan.‎ ‎19．San Francisco lay in ruins even though rescuers managed to dig__out(掘出；发现) a great number of survivors.‎ ‎20．Compared with the escaped driver，I am__proud__of(以……而自豪)what I did.‎ Ⅱ.词性转换 ‎1．He went through a lot of sufferings(suffer) before new China was founded.‎ ‎2．Don’t forget to praise them sincerely(sincere) when someone does something good.‎ ‎3．Her family was extremely(extreme) poor and all she had was one pair of shoes.‎ ‎4．Therefore，China has taken on a national(nation)campaign to prevent the environment from being bad to worse.‎ ‎5．Besides，she usually throws rubbish everywhere，which makes our room a dirty(dirt)place.‎ ‎6．The girl was almost frightened to death when she saw the frightening scene.(frighten)‎ ‎7．In the crash he was seriously injured．He suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.(injure)‎ ‎8．He expressed his thanks to us，with a thankful expression on his face.(express)‎ ‎9．He sent me an e－mail of congratulation，congratulating me on the good result I had gained.(congratulate)‎ ‎1．句型公式：as if引导状语从句 船上的一对年轻人吃着东西，高声地谈论着，好像这个世界上就有他们自己。‎ A young couple in a boat were eating，talking and laughing loudly as__if__they__were__the__only__people__in__the__world．‎ ‎2．句型公式：leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 曾经有人让我们决定是在公园里野餐还是去参观博物馆。‎ Once we were__left__to__decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a ‎ museum.(2015·浙江卷·写作)‎ ‎3．句型公式：everywhere作连词 无论走到哪里，她都受到热烈欢迎。‎ Everywhere__she__goes，she receives a warm welcome.‎ ‎4．句型公式：部分否定 喜欢体育运动的人并不都喜欢参加体育运动。‎ All who enjoy sporting events don’t__like__to__participate__in__them.‎ ‎5．句型公式：be doing...when...‎ 我正在写作业，这时电话响了。‎ I was__doing__my__homework__when the phone rang.‎ 第一板块 重点单词 ‎1．burst (burst，burst) vi.爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发 高考必刷题练透 单句改错/语段填空/一句多译 ‎①Last night the room was burst in but nothing was taken away.in→into ‎②A fire was burst out last night，and his house was in ruins.去掉第一个was ‎③With a burst of laughter，Wang Xifeng burst into the room，whose flattering(谄媚的)words made Mrs.Jia burst with joy.‎ ‎④不管什么时候回忆起这个有趣的故事，我都会忍不住笑起来。‎ ‎④－1 Whenever I recall this funny story，I__can’t__help__bursting__out__laughing．‎ ‎④－2 No matter when I think of this funny story，I_can’t_help_bursting_into laughter．‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)burst in/into闯入；突然破门而入 burst out突然迸发；爆发 burst with anger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支 ‎(2)a burst of一阵……‎ ‎【助记】‎ ‎2．ruin n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹vt.(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎①Shortly after suffering from an earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.‎ ‎②With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins.‎ ‎③Drunk driving not only ruined himself(him) but also killed several passers－by.‎ ‎④It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruined my holiday.ruined→ruining ‎⑤Many houses fell into ruins after the floods in the South China.ruins→ruin 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)lie/be in ruins　成为废墟 fall into ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 ‎(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡 ruin one’s health/fame/future/pleasure 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途/好心情 ‎3．injure vt.损害；伤害 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错/微写作 ‎①These chemicals come from the injured(injure)parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎②Luckily，the injured was sent to the nearest hospital.‎ was→were ‎③What the newspaper reported did great injury to her fame.did后加a ‎④我的左脚受伤了，所以不能按计划和你一块去了。(北京卷)‎ Because_my_left_foot_was_injured，I_cannot_go_with_you_as_planned.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)injured adj.　受伤的 the injured 伤员 ‎(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害 伤害某人 ‎【点津】the injured作主语时，谓语动词常常使用复数形式。‎ ‎4．trap vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错/句型转换 ‎①He was__trapped(trap) in a traffic jam，so he had to wait.‎ ‎②The police trapped him into telling(tell)the truth.‎ ‎③The farmer sets trap to catch the rats.‎ trap前加a或变为traps ‎④把上面句①改为用过去分词作状语 Trapped__in__a__traffic__jam，he__had__to__wait.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)be trapped in　困在……中；陷在……中 trap sb into (doing) sth 诱使某人做某事 ‎(2)set a trap/traps to do sth 设置陷阱做……‎ ‎【联想】be trapped in的同义短语有：be locked in，be caught in，be stuck in等。‎ ‎5．bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/一句多译 ‎①He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried(bury) in the pockets.‎ ‎②He sank down on the ground，burying(bury) his face in his hands.‎ ‎③由于他埋头于书本，所以不知道外面下雨了。‎ ‎③－1 Because he buried__himself__in his books，he didn’t know it was raining outside.‎ ‎③－2 Because he was__buried__in his books，he didn’t know it was raining outside.‎ ‎③－3 Burying__himself__in his books，he didn’t know it was raining outside.‎ ‎③－4 Buried__in his books，he didn’t know it was raining outside.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 bury...in...　把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于……‎ bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于 be buried in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于 ‎【联想】　表示“专心于；致力于”的其他常见短语：‎ ‎①be devoted to　②be lost/engaged/absorbed in　③focus/concentrate on　‎ ‎④fix/concentrate one’s attention on ‎6．judge vt.断定；判断；判决n.裁判员；法官；评判员 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/完成句子 ‎①If he had played a part in the film，he would have__been__judged(judge) to be the best actor.‎ ‎②Judging(judge) from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we shouldn’t judge a book by/from its cover.‎ ‎③As_far_as_I_can_judge，it is wrong for them to let some students carry mobile phones.‎ 我认为，他们让某些学生带手机是错误的。‎ 状元笔记全记牢 judge...from/by...　从……来判断 judge between right and wrong 判断是非 as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为 ‎【点津】judging from/by表示“从……来看；根据……来判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。‎ 第二板块 核心短语 ‎1．at an end结束；终结 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/微写作 ‎①The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.‎ ‎②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing ‎(apologize)．‎ ‎③I will_have_completed(complete) all of the readings by the end of this term if my plan goes well.‎ ‎④顺便一提，我现在是第13届全国运动会的志愿者，它将于8月底在天津开幕。(2017·天津卷)‎ By the way，I am now a volunteer for the 13th National Games，which will_be_held_at_the_end_of_August_in_Tianjin．‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)at the end of 在……尽头/末端 in the end 最后，终于 by the end of 到……时候为止(常与完成时连用)‎ put/bring...to an end(＝put an end to...) 使……结束 come to an end 完成；结束 ‎(2)end up with 以……结束(接表示方式的名词)‎ end up doing 以做某事结束 end up in 以……告终；结果为……(接表示结果的名词)‎ ‎2．a (great) number of许多；大量的 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/选词填空(a number of/the number of)‎ ‎①—A number of students are(be) in the dining hall now.‎ ‎—Yes.The number of the students is(be) about 400.‎ ‎②Now a__number__of college graduates are seeking to get a high－paid job.But the__number__of posts available for them is often not enough.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)a number of意为“若干；许多”；后接名词复数。用作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。‎ ‎(2)the number of意为“……的数量”，其后接名词的复数或具有复数意义的名词。用作主语时，谓语一般要用单数形式。‎ 第三板块 经典句式 ‎1．It seemed as__if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！ ‎ 高考必刷题练透 ‎(1)单句语法填空/句型转换 ‎①When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it were (be)broken.‎ ‎②Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if he had__done(do) something very clever.‎ ‎③He opened his mouth as if to__say(say) something.‎ ‎④The tennis player was lying on the floor as if she was hurt badly.(用非谓语动词改写)‎ ‎→The tennis player was lying on the floor as if hurt badly.‎ ‎(2)单句改错/微写作 ‎⑤He opened his mouth as if he will say something.‎ will→would ‎⑥He talked about Rome as if that he had been there before.去掉that ‎⑦在回答问题的时候，我同桌看起来很紧张。(It seemed as if...)‎ It_seemed_as_if_my_deskmate_was_very_nervous_when_he_answered_the_question.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)It seems/seemed (to sb) as if...意为“(对某人来说)似乎……”；as if 在句中引导表语从句。‎ ‎(2)as if除了引导表语从句，也可引导状语从句；‎ ‎(3)as if从句中可使用虚拟语气：‎ ‎①与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；‎ ‎②与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”；‎ ‎③与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。‎ ‎【点津】as if/though从句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名词、介词短语、形容词、不定式或分词。‎ ‎2.All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ 高考必刷题练透 ‎(1)句型转换(把下列部分否定的句子改为全部否定句)‎ ‎①I do not remember all the details.‎ ‎→I__remember__none__of__the__details.‎ ‎②Both of them are not my brothers.‎ ‎→Neither__of__them__is__my__brother.‎ ‎③Not everything she did pleased him.‎ ‎→Nothing__she__did__pleased__him.‎ ‎④She is not always excited.‎ ‎→She__is__never__excited.‎ ‎(2)单句改错/一句多译 ‎⑤I agree with most of what you said，but I don’t agree with anything.‎ anything→everything ‎⑥不是所有的人都愿意帮助他人。‎ ‎⑥－1 All__people__are__not__willing__to__help__others.(all...not)‎ ‎⑥－2 Not__all__people__are__willing__to__help__others.(not...all)‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)all...not...(＝ not all...)意为“并非所有的……都……”；是表示部分否定的句型之一。‎ ‎(2)英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，completely，always，whole，entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。‎ ‎(3)no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer，either...not...等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成全部否定。‎ Ⅰ.课文语法填空 At 3：42 am everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world was at an end！Eleven kilometres 1.directly(direct) below the city，the 2.greatest(great) earthquake of the 20th century had begun.It was felt in Beijing，3.which is more than two hundred kilometres away.One third of the nation felt it.A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut 4.across houses，roads and canals.Steam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city 5.lay(lie) in ruins.The suffering of the people 6.was(be) extreme.Two－thirds of them died 7.or were injured during the earthquake.Thousands of families were killed and many 8.children(child) were left without parents.9.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400，000.Then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan.More buildings fell down.Water，food，and electricity were hard 10.to__get(get)．People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.‎ Ⅱ.课文短文改错 All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to helping the rescue workers.Hundreds of thousands people were helped.The army organized teams to dig out those that were trapped and to bury the dead.To the north of the city，most of the 10，000 miners are rescued from the coal mines here.Workers built shelters to survivors whose home had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city by the train，truck and plane.Slow，the city began to breath again.‎ 答案　‎ All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to the rescue workers.Hundreds of thousands people were helped.The army organized teams to dig out those were trapped and to bury the ‎ dead.To the north of the city，most of the 10，000 miners rescued from the coal mines .Workers built shelters survivors whose had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city by train，truck and plane.，the city began to again.‎ Ⅲ.单元要点微写作 假如你是China Daily的一名记者，负责报道某地一次强烈的地震情况。请根据以下提示，用英语写一篇60词左右的短文。‎ ‎1．夜里，一切都开始摇晃，世界似乎到了末日；‎ ‎2．有人受伤，有人被埋在废墟下；‎ ‎3．很快士兵被派遣到那里，运来了食品和饮用水；‎ ‎4．全城又恢复了生机。‎ 注意：1.尽量多地使用本单元的知识点；‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节。‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ One night，everything began to shake，with the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off.It seemed as if the world was at an end.Some people were injured；others were buried in the ruins.A number of trapped people waited for the rescue.All hope was not lost.The soldiers were soon sent there.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped out.Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane，train and truck.Slowly，the city began to breathe again.‎