【英语】2019届二轮复习考点理清(十一)—突破固定短语中的介词和同义辨别（8页word版） 8页

‎2019届二轮复习考点理清(十一)—突破固定短语中的介词和同义辨别 ‎[锁定高频考点]‎ 一、语法填空中的常考点 ‎1．介词的基本用法 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture.‎ ‎③(2016·四川高考)The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years.‎ ‎④(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.‎ ‎⑤(2015·广东高考)One day, the cow was eating grass when it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away, she fell over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living without the cow.‎ ‎2．含介词的固定搭配 ‎⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.‎ ‎⑦(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.‎ ‎⑧(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s ...‎ ‎⑨(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.‎ ‎⑩(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.‎ 二、短文改错中的常考点 ‎1．介词的基本用法 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed._去掉for ‎②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.for→with ‎③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They have also bought for some gardening tools.去掉for ‎④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.去掉第二个of ‎⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has ‎ been polluted.on→with ‎⑥(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents. It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.on→in ‎2．含介词的固定搭配 ‎⑦(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.on→of ‎⑧(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.dreams后加of ‎⑨(2016·浙江高考)While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.in→on ‎[考情聚焦]‎ 高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对考生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。短文改错题对介词的考查主要涉及介词的多余、缺失或误用，其中固定搭配中介词的误用是考查的重点。因此，考生应在掌握介词基本用法的同时，注意总结和积累其与名词、形容词和动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。‎ ‎[强化解题知能]‎ ‎(一)分清几组常见的介词 ‎1．表示时间的in, on, at, for in 表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等。‎ on 表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。‎ at 表示某个时间点、时刻等。‎ for ‎“for＋时间段”表示“长达……”。‎ ‎2.表示时间的in和after in 表示“在……时间之内/之后”，所在的句子必须表示将来。‎ after 表示“在……时间之后”，通常“after＋时间段”与过去时连用。‎ ‎3.表示方位的through和across through 表示“从……的内部穿过”。‎ across 表示“从……表面穿过”。‎ ‎4.表示交通方式的by和on/in by 后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词。‎ on/in 后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。‎ ‎5.表示工具手段的by, in, with by 指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词。‎ in 多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。‎ with 多用于表示工具或身体部位的名词前。‎ ‎　　(二)注意几个关键点 ‎1．及物动词后直接跟宾语，无需再加介词。‎ ‎2．last, next等后跟名词表时间时无需加介词。‎ ‎3．不及物动词后跟宾语时应加相应的介词。‎ ‎4．避免受汉语的影响。例如：“在……帮助下”的英语表达应用with the help of而不是under the help of。‎ ‎(三)再记常考的几类固定搭配 ‎1．动词＋介词 apply for　　　 申请　　　 approve of　　　 同意 belong to 属于 believe in 信仰 come from 来自 come across 碰见 depend on 依靠 deal with 处理 head for 前往 hunt for 寻找 look into 调查 lead to 导致 search for 寻找 set about 着手 stick to 坚持 send for 派人去叫 account for　　　　　 说明……的原因 concentrate on 全神贯注于 learn from 向……学习 operate on 给……动手术 meet with 偶然遇见；遭受 pay for 为……付款 prepare for 为……做准备 suffer from 患……病 serve as 担任……，充当……‎ refer to 查阅，参考；涉及；指的是 ‎2．动词＋副词＋介词 break away from 脱离 catch up with 赶上 put up with 忍受 go on with 继续 look forward to 盼望 get close to 接近 look out for 小心 look down upon 看不起 look around for 四处寻找 go back to 回去，追溯到 go in for 参加；从事；追求 think highly of 对……评价很高 get along well with 与……相处很好 ‎3．动词＋名词＋介词 pay attention to　　 　 　 注意 take care of 照顾 take advantage of 利用 make use of 利用 make fun of 嘲笑 have trust in 信任 catch sight of 瞥见 get rid of 摆脱 take part in 参加 play a trick on 捉弄 take pride in 为……感到骄傲 play a part in 在……方面起作用 show an interest in 对……感兴趣 have a talent/gift for 有……的天赋 have an effect on 对……有影响 keep an eye on 留意；密切注视 play a joke on 开某人的玩笑 have difficulty with ……方面有困难 shake hands with 与……握手 ‎4．动词＋oneself＋介词(＝be＋v.ed＋介词)‎ adapt oneself to 适应 accustom oneself to 适应 apply oneself to 致力于 addict oneself to 沉湎于 abandon oneself to 沉溺于 bury oneself in 埋头于 busy oneself with 忙于 devote oneself to 致力于，献身于 ‎5．be＋形容词＋介词 be good at 善于 be familiar with 熟悉 be fond of 喜欢，爱好 be proud of 以……自豪 be afraid of 害怕 be full of 充满 be accustomed to 习惯于 be used to 习惯于 be related to 与……有关 be equal to 等于，能胜任 be rich in 富含 be late for 迟到 be fit for 适合 be similar to 与……类似 be angry with 对……生气 be absorbed in 专心于 be curious about 对……好奇 be busy with sth. 忙于某事 be content with 对……满意 be satisfied with 对……满意 be popular with sb. 受某人的欢迎 be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 be tired of (＝be fed up with) 　 对……厌倦 be tired from 因……感到疲劳 be aware of 知道，意识到 be absent from 缺席，未到场 be different from 与……不同 be interested in 对……感兴趣 be surprised at 对……感到惊讶 be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 be ashamed of 对……感到惭愧 ‎6．介词＋名词 at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平中 at war 在战争中 at work 在工作 on fire 着火 on sale 出售，打折 on the way 在途中 on account of 因为 by accident/chance 偶然 by air/plane 乘飞机 by coincidence 碰巧 by hand 用手工 by mistake 错误地 by the day 按天算 by nature 天生地 in cash 用现金付款 in depth 在深度上 in detail 详细地 in height 在高度上 in length 在长度上 in English 用英语 in no time 立刻 in no way 决不 in place of 代替 in addition to 另外 in charge of 掌管……‎ in return 作为回报 in spite of 尽管 in exchange for 作为交换 in favor of 支持，赞成 in possession of 拥有，占有 in case of 万一；如果；假如 in memory of 为了纪念……‎ in honour of 为向……表示敬意 on behalf of 代表 at the beginning of 在……的开始 at the mercy of 在……支配下；任由……摆布 on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加 at the cost of 以……的代价 at the risk of 冒……的危险 on exhibition/show 在展出 on holiday/vacation 在度假 on no account/condition 决不 ‎[课时跟踪检测]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019届高三·厦门模拟)At a price of 15 euro ($ 18.45), a bowl of reganmian is not only great comfort for Chinese tourists who have traveled from thousands of miles away, but also an attraction to local Finns.‎ ‎2．(2019届高三·兰州模拟)Students often must go from one class in one building to the next class in another building across campus.‎ ‎3．(2019届高三·双流中学模拟)At that time, they were two teenagers.‎ ‎4．(2019届高三·大庆模拟)Guan Yu, a general from the Three Kingdoms Period (A.D.220－280), is a good example of this kind of character. He is famous_for being very loyal to his emperor, Liu Bei.‎ ‎5．(2018·银川模拟)The older students also take away the younger students' things (their money, phone, etc.) and tell them they must go out onto the street and ask people for_ money.‎ ‎6．(2018·安庆模拟)They demanded that they be allowed to fill their arms with many possessions as they could carry out.‎ ‎7．(2018·遵义模拟)With his head down, the farmer said，“It was very easy, your highness. I simply cut the branch that the bird was sitting on.”‎ ‎8．(2018·棠湖中学模拟)These photographs are used for the class yearbook, which is a printed book about all the students in the school.‎ ‎9．(2018·宜宾模拟)If you see two zebras standing close to_each other and it looks like they're biting each other, don't worry.‎ ‎10．(2018·新余模拟)Shared bicycles are bringing cycling back_to people's lives and they are ‎ making public transport more attractive.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2019届高三·抚州模拟)The 87yearold scientist says his achievements would not have been possible with the Communist Party of China, and that he is willing to make his last contribution to the country.with→without ‎2．(2019届高三·黄冈模拟)By Sunday afternoon, the glue had set, and after two coats of bright white paint, the chair was of perfect.去掉perfect前的of ‎3．(2019届高三·南昌模拟)A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join the actions for a greener earth.join后加in ‎4．(2019届高三·襄阳模拟)One day when I was twelve, both my mother and father were away on business and I had to be all with myself for two days.with→by ‎5．(2018·南阳模拟)When I heard I got the first prize, my heart was filled in joy and tears rolled down.in→with ‎6．(2018·六盘山模拟)Last week I went to visit to my former neighbor, Mr. Yang.去掉visit后的to ‎7．(2018·昆明模拟)The string of notes that came out the piano could not be called a melody.out后加of ‎8．(2018·莆田模拟)We enjoyed a grander sight by climbing a greater height._climbing后加to ‎9．(2018·西安模拟)On the first place, vehicles sending large quantities of poisonous gases are a major source.On→In ‎10．(2018·沙市模拟)With an effort, all the books were free from of rain. 去掉of