2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案设计（18页word版） 18页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit 3Inventors and inventions单元学案设计 一 单元基础词汇句式搜索 一、写其形 ‎1.distinguish vi.& vt.　显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 ‎2.merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的 ‎3.product n. 产品 ‎4.convenient adj. 便利的；方便的就近的 ‎5.caution n. 小心；谨慎 ‎6.expectation n. 预料；期待；期望 ‎7.passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的 ‎8.merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的 ‎9.merrily adv. 高兴地；愉快地 ‎10.seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺 ‎11.identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明 ‎12.dial vt. 拨(电话)‎ ‎13.rainfall n. 降雨 ‎14.innocent adj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的 ‎15.bear vt. (bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；负担 ‎16.jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱 ‎17.forehead n. 额头 ‎18.tap vt.& vi. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头 ‎19.wire n. 金属丝；电线 ‎20.stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的 ‎21.associate vt. 联想；联系 ‎　　　 n. 同伴；伙伴 ‎22.practical adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的 ‎23.jeep n. 吉普车 ‎24.personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员 ‎25.competence n. 能力；胜任；本领 二、知其意 ‎1.patent n. 专利证书；专利权 ‎2.courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井 ‎3.walnut n. 胡桃；胡桃木 ‎4.powder n. 粉末；火药 ‎5.perfume n. 香水；香味 ‎6.stainless adj. 无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的 ‎7.cube n. 立方体；立方 ‎8.abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的 ‎9.abruptly adv. 突然地；唐突地 ‎10.recognition n. 认出；认可；承认 ‎11.criterion n. (pl__criteria)(评判的)标准；尺度 ‎12.claim n.& vt. 要求；声称；主张 ‎13.valid adj. 有效的；确凿的 ‎14.file n. 文件；档案；文件夹 ‎　vt. 提交；将……归档 ‎15.ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的 ‎16.string n. 线；绳子；一串 ‎17.glue n. 胶；胶水 ‎　 vt. 粘贴；粘合 ‎18.freezing adj. 冰冻的；严寒的 ‎19.greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果商(pl)蔬菜水果店 ‎20.lantern n. 灯笼；提灯 ‎21.directory n. 电话簿；商行名录 ‎22.occasionally adv. 偶然地；不时地 ‎23.dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的 ‎24.dot n. 点；小圆点 vt. 以小圆点标出；分散 ‎25.straw n. 稻草；麦秆；饮料吸管 ‎26.current n. (水或气)流；电流 adj. 现在的；当前的 ‎27.helicopter n. 直升飞机 ‎28.triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体 ‎29.refrigerator n. 冰箱 ‎30.court n. 法庭；法院；朝廷 ‎31.extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸 ‎32.version n. 版本；译本 ‎1.call__up 给……打电话 ‎2.now__and__then 偶尔；有时 ‎3.set__about 开始；着手 ‎4.hang__on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 ‎5.out__of__order 次序颠倒；发生故障 ‎6.get__through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)； (设法)做完；通过 ‎7.ring__back 回复电话 ‎8.ring__off 挂断电话 ‎9.beaten__track 被踩出来的路；常规；惯例 ‎10.dive__into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 ‎11.set__out__(to__do) 开始(做)‎ ‎1.The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me，but there__only__seemed__to__be__powders designed to kill snakes.‎ 我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有什么产品能帮助我。但是，看来只有一种毒死蛇的药粉。‎ ‎2.Nor__will__you__receive__a__patent until a search has been made to ‎ find out that your product really is different from everyone else’s.‎ 经仔细研究，证明你的产品确实与众不同之后，你才能获得专利。‎ ‎3.Every__time__you__do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.‎ 每次你这样做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。‎ ‎4.Follow__it__up，explore__all__around__it，and__before__you__know__it，you__will__have__something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.‎ 跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得你思考的东西占据着你的头脑。‎ ‎5.The patent was given in 1876，but it__was__not__until__five__days__later__that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.‎ 授予专利是1876年，但五天之后贝尔才向他的助手华生发了第一个电话信息。‎ 二 单元知识综合运用 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era.‎ Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face ‎ with just such a human being in a coffee place, with my two daughters. The place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep (陡峭) stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we went down the narrow stairs, where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down.‎ Just as I was in the middle of the stairs, a gentleman entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase (楼梯). I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up. I kept coming down as fast as I could. My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, and hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort.‎ Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door. I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up.‎ Such wellmannered people are hard to find these days, when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society. We applauded him for his chivalry (彬彬有礼)．‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文为一篇记叙文。本文通过讲述自己的亲身经历告诉读者，现在社会尽管懂得礼节的人不多，但毕竟还存在着一些懂礼节的人。‎ ‎1．What is the meaning of the underlined word “courtesy” in Paragraph 1?‎ A．A brave action.　　 B．Sacrifice spirit.‎ C．A considerate action. D．Selfish behavior.‎ 解析：词义猜测题。根据文中男子为女士让路和开门等行为可知他是一个善解人意、彬彬有礼的人，由此可推出courtesy意为：为他人着想的行为，故答案为C项。‎ 答案：C ‎2．What did the author think of the man at the first sight of him?‎ A．He was in a hurry.‎ B．He would wait for her.‎ C．He would push her rudely.‎ D．He was a man with good manners.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up.”可知，作者第一眼看到那个男士时以为他会粗鲁地推开她上楼梯，故答案为C项。‎ 答案：C ‎3．Why did the author's daughters worry about her?‎ A．She was easy to be nervous.‎ B．She took up too much space.‎ C．She was too old to walk fast.‎ D．She focused too much on the man.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“My daughters were already down，looking up at me worriedly...knowing I was a nervous sort.”可知作者的女儿们担心她的原因是：她是一个很容易紧张的人，故答案为A项。‎ 答案：A ‎4．What can we learn about the man from Paragraph 4?‎ A．He might be a waiter of the café.‎ B．He might have an urgent business to do.‎ C．He loved a daughter of the author.‎ D．He would hold the door open for all.‎ 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“I saw him going up the stairs，two at a time.”可知，那位男士可能有急事要做，故答案为B项。‎ 答案：B B Can you figure out someone's name just by looking at him or her?‎ The answer may not be a definite “yes”， but a study by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, found that you would at least have a clue, since people with certain names tend to share similar facial appearances.‎ For example, if someone is named Bob, he's likely to have a round and joyful face, while someone named Tim tends to have a narrower face and a more serious look.‎ People have long been associating names with certain cultural expectations, which may be responsible for the study's results. For example, a woman named Katherine is usually considered to be more reliable than a girl named Bonnie. Previous studies also found that people with traditionally AfricanAmerican names such as DeShawn and Jamal are more likely to be seen as dangerous and violent by their teachers and are less likely to be hired in jobs.‎ These stereotypes (模式化概念) have become so widespread that they've even affected how people look at themselves. In fact, people tend to subconsciously (下意识地) change their own personalities to fit into these stereotypes—Katherines may try hard to be trustworthy ‎ and Bonnies may care less about the mistakes they make.‎ ‎“We develop the personality that other people expect us to exhibit，”said lead researcher Yonat Zwebner, according to The Telegraph. In other words, it's not that names change people, but people try to live up to their names.‎ And our faces may even change over time, based on these stereotypes.‎ ‎“Usually, we think that faces are very fixed but now we show that they're not，” the study's coauthor Ruth Mayo told UK's iNews.‎ According to Mayo, the use of different facial expressions can allow people to develop different looks. “If you smile a lot, you have different wrinkles around your eyes and your mouth from if you frown(皱眉)a lot，” she said.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文主要讨论了是否可以通过相面而识人名的问题。‎ ‎5．Why did the author use the names Bob and Tim as an example?‎ A．To prove the influence of names on our emotions.‎ B．To present the cultural expectations of certain names.‎ C．To show the correct method of guessing someone's name.‎ D．To explain the possible connections between names and looks.‎ 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段的整体内容可推知，第三段的例子是为了证明第二段的观点，即名字和面相是有一定联系的，故选D。‎ 答案：D ‎6．Which of the following are considered cultural stereotypes by the author?‎ a．A boy named Tim tends to be cautious.‎ b．A boy named Jamal tends to be violent.‎ c．A boy named DeShawn appears dangerous.‎ d．A girl named Bonnie is likely to be seen as joyful.‎ e．A girl named Katherine is usually considered trustworthy.‎ A．abe　　　　　　 B．ade C．bce D．bcd 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“Previous studies also found that people with traditionally AfricanAmerican names such as DeShawn and Jamal are more likely to be seen as dangerous and violent by their teachers and are less likely to be hired in jobs.”和第五段最后一句的“Katherines may try hard to be trustworthy and Bonnies may care less about the mistakes they make.”可知，答案为C。‎ 答案：C ‎7．Which of the following would Yonat Zwebner probably agree with?‎ A．People's faces become fixed as they grow into adults.‎ B．The way people are looked at changes their personalities.‎ C．People could change their personalities by using different names.‎ D．People should focus on sound and meaning when choosing names.‎ 解析：推理判断题。根据第六段的“In other words，it's not that names change people，but people try to live up to their names.”可推知，人们竭力去使自己的个性和名字相符，故选B。‎ 答案：B ‎8．What might be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Names may make looks B．Names can change people C．Appearances may affect jobs D．Appearances can carry cultures 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“Can you figure out someone's name just by looking at him or her？”的开篇点题，并结合文章的整体内容可知，本文主要讨论的是名字和面相之间的关系，故选A。‎ 答案：A Ⅱ.完形填空 Ask someone for their first memory and they will often give some fairly dull possibilities and not be sure which comes first.However，I have no 1 at all about mine. The earliest thing I recall is looking down and seeing flames coming out of my 2 .‎ It was a Sunday afternoon in July 1981 when I 3 fire. I was in the garden with my dad. It was a sunny day but slightly breezy(有微风的)．I was standing nearby as my dad 4 to light the barbecue. After several failed attempts， 5 he had to use some sort of accelerant (助燃剂)．It caused a small fireball, which was flying towards me 6 the breeze suddenly 7 in my direction. That's where the 8 memory of my burning ankles kicks in. My dad 9 fast. He dashed indoors, grabbed a large blanket and 10 to wrap me in it.‎ The next thing I remember is sitting on a chest, feeling hot and 11 water over and over again; then being driven to a 12 I underwent lots of skin operations and for weeks I wasn't able to bend my legs, which had to be wrapped in bandages. 13 this period, I don't recall experiencing pain.It was only when I 14 what an exciting ‎ summer my sister was having that my situation began to seem 15 .‎ We've never talked much about the 16 —my dad has never been an especially 17 person.Now that I have kids of my own, I do sometimes wonder what he 18 . I've never felt any 19 at him, and I recognize that but for his swift actions the situation could have been 20 . But I'd certainly never have a barbecue with my kids.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”回忆了自己人生中与父亲一起经历的难以忘记的事情。‎ ‎1．A.choice B．idea C．doubt D．worry 解析：根据空前的“they will often give some fairly dull possibilities and not be sure which comes first”和空后的“The earliest thing I recall”的对比可知，此处表示“我”对于自己的记忆毫不怀疑。‎ 答案：C ‎2．A.ankles B．blanket C．sleeves D．belly 解析：根据下文的“That's where the 8 memory of my burning ankles kicks in.”可知，此处应选A。‎ 答案：A ‎3．A.exchanged B．set C．held D．caught 解析：那是1981年7月的一个周日的下午，“我”的脚踝处着火了。catch fire“着火”。‎ 答案：D ‎4．A.tended B．struggled C．refused D．managed 解析：根据下文的“After several failed attempts”可知，父亲的几次尝试都失败了，所以此处表示父亲需要努力点燃烧烤架。‎ 答案：B ‎5．A.eventually B．gradually C．interestingly D．fortunately 解析：根据上文的“After several failed attempts”可知，此处指父亲经过了多次的尝试，最终不得不使用助燃剂。‎ 答案：A ‎6．A.before B．unless C．though D．as 解析：因为风向突然改变，火球朝“我”这边飞来。as“因为”，引导原因状语从句。‎ 答案：D ‎7．A.stopped B．howled C．changed D．dropped 解析：参见上题解析。stop“停止”；howl“大声叫喊”；change“改变”；drop“落下”。‎ 答案：C ‎8．A.vivid B．sweet C．precious D．vague 解析：根据上文的“However，I have no 1 at all about mine.”可知，此处表示“我”着火的脚踝留给了“我”清晰的记忆。‎ 答案：A ‎9．A.hid B．acted C．escaped D．approached 解析：根据下文的“He dashed indoors，grabbed a large blanket...”可知，此处指父亲看到这种情景后行动很快。‎ 答案：B ‎10．A.got away B．broke in C．stood by D．ran back 解析：根据上文的“He dashed indoors”可知，此处指父亲又从屋内跑回来。‎ 答案：D ‎11．A.waiting for B．asking for C．paying for D．searching for 解析：“我”记得的下一件事情是坐在大箱子上，感觉热，然后反复地要水喝。‎ 答案：B ‎12．A.hospital B．pool C．cafe D．gym 解析：根据下文的“I underwent lots of skin operations and for weeks I wasn't able to bend my legs，which had to be wrapped in bandages.”可知，此处指“我”被送到医院。‎ 答案：A ‎13．A.Thanks to B．But for C．Throughout D．After 解析：根据上文的“for weeks”可知，此处指在这整个期间。‎ 答案：C ‎14．A.realized B．imagined C．predicted D．explained 解析：当“我”意识到“我”的妹妹有一个令人兴奋的夏天的时候，“我”的状况才开始看起来难以忍受。‎ 答案：A ‎15．A.ridiculous B．acceptable C．satisfactory D．unbearable 解析：参见上题解析。‎ 答案：D ‎16．A.illness B．conflict C．accident D．visit 解析：我们从来不过多地谈论这次事故。illness“疾病”；conflict“冲突”；accident“事故”；visit“参观”。‎ 答案：C ‎17．A.strict B．open C．shy D．honest 解析：根据上文的“We've never talked much about the 16 ”可知，此处指父亲不是一个性格特别开朗的人。‎ 答案：B ‎18．A.gave away B．took over C．went through D．looked into 解析：“我”有了自己的孩子，有时“我”很想知道父亲当时经历了什么。go through“经历”；give away“泄露，分发，赠送”；take over“接管”；look into“调查”。‎ 答案：C ‎19．A.sympathy B．anxiety C．guilt D．anger 解析：“我”从来不对父亲感到生气。sympathy“同情”；anxiety“忧虑”；guilt“内疚”；anger“怒气”。‎ 答案：D ‎20．A.worse B．simpler C．stranger D．clearer 解析：“我”意识到要不是父亲当时快速的行动，情况可能会更加糟糕。worse“更糟的”。‎ 答案：A Ⅲ.短文改错 Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran bought a real bed. It was for the first time that he had become the proud owner of a bed where had springs (弹簧) and a mattress(床垫). Because the weather is very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very good for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof but sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did wake up until the bed struck the ground. Although the bed was broken into piece, the man was surprisingly unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glanced at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried them into his house. After he had put it on the floor, he quickly went for sleep again.‎ 答案：‎ Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran bought a real bed. It was the first time that he had become the proud owner of a bed had springs (弹簧) and a mattress(床垫). Because the weather very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He ‎ slept very for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did wake up until the bed struck the ground. Although the bed was broken into ， the man was surprisingly unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried into his house. After he had put it on the floor, he quickly went sleep again.‎ 书面表达 为了学校有一个美好校园，你代表校学生会向全体学生拟一份倡议书。 要点如下：‎ ‎1. 简要描述不文明现象（乱扔垃圾）；‎ ‎2. 提出倡议（不乱扔垃圾，在不课室吃、喝东西）。‎ 注意：1. 字数100词左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考答案 Dear teachers and fellow students,‎ Do you want to study in an enjoyable campus? Of course you’d rather you did! However, do you love our present campus? Maybe most of your answer is not! As some of you may know, over the past years,‎ ‎ plastic bags, cans and other rubbish can be seen in our school. So it is high time that we join efforts to prevent these uncivilized phenomena happening again.‎ For one thing, never litter about in our campus, which plays an important role in keeping our school clean. For another, please keep our classroom clean and remember there is no eating and drinking in our classroom.‎ Take action now! Make our campus more in order!‎ The students’ Union