高考英语二轮复习考前三个月专题一阅读理解细做模拟试题，题型分类突破十四观点态度和写作意图题 7页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 观点态度和写作意图题 A Turning the lights out or wearing a blindfold while eating could be a quick way to lose weight，according to scientists.The simple trick works because it stops diners eating for pleasure rather than for calories.It also triggers(引发) a part of the brain that is worried that unseen food may go bad. An experiment by the University of Konstanz，in Germany，found that people who were blindfolded consumed nine percent fewer calories before they felt full，compared to those who could see.They also vastly overestimated how much they had eaten because they could not see how much was left on the plate.Blindfolded volunteers estimated they had eaten 88 percent more than they actually had. Scientists believe that not seeing food on the table also allows the body to know when it is full in real time rather than remembering past experiences where it might have taken a full plate to feel full. In the experiment,50 people were blindfolded and 40 were allowed to see their food.All were told not to eat within two hours of the experiment.They were then given three 95g bowls of chocolate ice cream and invited to eat for 15 minutes.Their bowls were taken away and the remaining icecream weighed，while the participants were quizzed on how much they thought they had eaten. On average the group who could see ate 116g while the blindfolded groups ate 105g.However，the blindfolded group believed they had eaten 197g while compared with 159g for the nonblind volunteers.They were also asked how pleasant the icecream tasted and the blindfolded group rated lower than those who could see. “The experienced pleasure of eating was significantly lower in the blindfolded group.Not seeing the food might have decreased the appetite.Sight plays an important role in the eating experience and in the overall dining experience.” Previous studies have shown that the visual influence of food plays a large part in the taste.While restaurants that allow diners to eat in the dark state that it triggers other senses，in fact eating in the darkness is likely to taste far milder than usual. 语篇解读 本篇阅读主要内容是科学家通过研究发现人们在熄灯或者戴着眼罩时用餐可以减 肥。 1．With the lights out，diners eat less partly because . 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 A．they want to finish their meals quickly B．they trust their feelings more than ever C．they focus more on fun than the calories D．they worry about the quality of the food 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It also triggers(引发) a part of the brain that is worried that unseen food may go bad.”以及第六段第二句“Not seeing the food might have decreased the appetite.”可知，选 D。 2．We can learn from the passage that the blindfolded group . A．spent a much longer time eating the same food B．believed they ate more than they really did C．depended on past experiences to feel full D．thought the food tasted better than usual 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Blindfolded volunteers estimated they had eaten 88 percent more than they actually had.”以及第五段第一、二句“On average the group who could see ate 116g while the blindfolded groups ate 105g.However，the blindfolded group believed they had eaten 197g while compared with 159g for the nonblind volunteers.”可知，戴眼罩的志愿者们相信他们比实际上吃得更多。 3．The last two paragraphs tell us that . A．diners are likely to lose their appetite eating in the darkness B．senses rather than sight play an important role in the taste C．findings of this experiment differ from the previous studies D．restaurants benefit a lot from allowing diners to eat in the dark 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据最后两段可知用餐者在黑暗中用餐会减少他们的食欲。 4．The main purpose of the passage is to . A．provide statistics related to eating in the dark B．offer reasons for people to eat in the dark areas C．inform the readers of the result of an experiment D．persuade the readers to lose weight in a new way 答案 C 解析 写作意图题。本篇文章的主要目的是作者根据实验的过程告知读者实验结果。 B 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%，according to new UCL research carried out as part of the Public Health Research Centre. The study，published in JAMA Psychiatry，found a twoway relationship between depression and physical activity.People who increased their weekly activity were reported to have fewer depressive symptoms but those with more depressive symptoms were less active，particularly at younger ages. Researchers followed 11,135 people born in 1958 up until the age of 50，recording depressive symptoms and levels of physical activity at regular intervals in adulthood.They found that each additional activity period per week reduced odds of depression by 6%.In England 19% of men and 26% of women are currently classed as “inactive”，and this study suggests that activity could significantly improve their mental as well as physical health. “Assuming the association is causal，physical activity has a protective effect against depression.If an adult between his twenties and forties who isn’t physically active became active 3 times per week，he would reduce his risks of depression by about 16%，” said Dr Snehal of the UCL Institute of Child Health，lead author of the study. Professor Mark，Director of the Public Health Research Centre，said：“Many people are already aware of the benefits of physical activity on their general health， but now we are seeing more evidence that suggests it also has a positive effect on a person’s mental wellbeing.The latest research highlights just how important it is to ensure that people are working and living in environments that allow them to be both physically active and mentally healthy.” 语篇解读 最新研究表明，增加每周锻炼身体的次数，能降低人们患抑郁症的风险。 5．The underlined word “odds” in Paragraph 1 probably means “ ”． A．benefits B．intervals C．risks D．ages 答案 C 解析 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“If an adult between his twenties and forties who isn’t physically active became active 3 times per week，he would reduce his risks of depression by about 16%”可知，人们每周锻炼三次，能让患抑郁症的可能性降低大约 16%。由此可推断出，odds 和 risks 的意思一样。故 C 项正确。 6 ． According to the second paragraph ， if people increase their weekly 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 activity， . A．their depressive symptoms will be fewer B．their depressive symptoms will be more C．they will become much younger D．they will become more depressive 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“People who increased their weekly activity were reported to have fewer depressive symptoms”可知，如果人们增加他们每周锻炼的次数， 就会有较少的抑郁症状。故 A 项正确。 7．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Dr Snehal thinks it is important to be both physically and mentally healthy. B．The research shows men are more active in physical activity than women. C．Adults who insist on physical activity will avoid depression completely. D．Increasing physical activity can free people from depression in a way. 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%”可推知，增加锻炼身体的次数在某种程度上 能降低患抑郁症的可能性。故 D 项正确。 8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To tell us a fun story about how to protect us against depression. B．To introduce a research on the link between physical activity and depression. C．To persuade readers to increase their weekly activity. D．To describe the disadvantages of physical activity. 答案 B 解析 写作意图题。本文主要向读者介绍了一项科学研究成果，这份研究讲述的是身体锻炼 和抑郁症之间的联系。故 B 项正确。 C “Can I hug you？” community nurse Joyce Jebambula asks with a smile as she welcomes me back to her village.“Of course，” I say as I put my arms around her.It’s an unbelievable moment.Just at the height of the outbreak more than a year ago， there was an “avoid body contact” rule here.It’s now been removed. One of the most challenging parts of reporting this outbreak over the past 18 months is that I haven’t been able to touch anyone in the worstaffected countries.When Ebola(埃博拉病毒) survivors described in tears losing their families， 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 I had to almost sit on my hands to avoid reaching out to comfort them. The outbreak was declared over in Sierra Leone on 7 November.I returned for the celebrations.But despite reaching this longawaited milestone，all is not well. Ibrahim Koroma,21，clings to his survivor’s certificate outside the home.All 17 of his family are now dead.The certificate is one of his most prized possessions.“He does not pose any risk to the community，” it reads. Ibrahim tells me how his landlord has allowed him to stay in one of the rooms of his former family home until the end of the year.He says he doesn’t know what he’ll do after that.He does some parttime work，relying heavily on help from neighbours.His two little sisters and little brother died in the very room where he now sleeps.He says he often lies awake thinking of them，feeling very bad. The Ebola outbreak in West Africa was the worst on record.In past outbreaks there had only been a few hundred deaths and a few hundred survivors.It was thought that Ebola could live for only three months.But research has now shown it can linger for at least nine months.Scientists are still trying to find how long it could be infectious. 语篇解读 本文为记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历介绍了人们在埃博拉病毒爆发期间身心 受到的摧残。 9．What does the author think of hugging Joyce? A．Illegal. B．Negative. C．Unbelievable. D．Ordinary. 答案 C 解析 观点态度题。根据第一段中的“It’s an unbelievable moment.”及最后一句可推断 出作者在拥抱 Joyce 时感到难以置信，故答案为 C 项。 10．When interviewing Ebola survivors the author . A．couldn’t touch them with hands B．kept comforting them with hands C．held their hands to show sympathy D．couldn’t help comforting them with hands 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“an ‘avoid body contact’ rule”及第二段最后一 句“...，I had to almost sit on my hands to avoid reaching out to comfort them.” 可知当作者采访幸存者时，他不能用手去触摸他们，故答案为 A 项。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 11．Ibrahim Koroma values his certificate because it . A．is a sign of his contributions B．shows he is a healthy person C．has been the only one for him so far D．is a great honor to have it in his village 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段“He does not pose any risk to the community”可知， Ibrahim Koroma 之所以重视那份证书是因为那份证书可以证明他已经是一个健康的人了，不 会给别人带来危险了，故答案为 B 项。 D I was born and raised in England in a culture where privacy and “keeping yourself to yourself” were valued traditions.Speaking to strangers was not encouraged.People were most hospitable(好客的) and friendly—but only once they had been introduced to new people. However，I have been lucky enough to spend some time in both Italy and the US， where I found traditions of hospitality and politeness to be very different. I experienced Italian hospitality firsthand on a crowded railway carriage travelling，one afternoon，from Genoa to Florence.Sinking gratefully into an empty seat，I was berated(训斥) in rapid Italian by a gentleman who was returning to this seat—it had not been “spare” after all.I apologized in English，and got up to allow him back into the seat.The gentleman obviously had no understanding of the English language，but he，too，realized my genuine mistake.He smiled and gestured for me to remain in the seat，and he himself remained standing in the corridor for the remainder of the journey.The other occupants of the carriage smiled and nodded at me and made me feel quite welcome amongst them.I feel that if this had been in England，a foreigner who made a mistake would not always be so kindly treated. Transport also featured in the differences I noticed between English and American culture.I flew to New York on a plane with mainly English passengers.We sat together in near silence.Nobody spoke to me nor，as I expected，to anyone else they did not know.They felt it was not polite to intrude on someone else’s privacy.However， when I travelled across the United States，whether by plane or Greyhound bus，I was never short of conversation.Conversation was going on all around me and whoever sat next to me was happy to introduce themselves and ask me about myself.They obviously felt it would have been rude not to speak to another person，whether they were strangers 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 or not. 语篇解读 本文作者通过自己的旅行经历说明了不同文化中人们对于“好客”和“礼貌”的 表达方式不一样。 12．What do we know about the occupants of the carriage when the author was travelling in Italy? A．They all laughed at the author for his mistake. B．They were all on the side of the gentleman. C．They would not bear a mistake like the author’s in public. D．They all showed their understanding of the author’s mistake. 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“but he，too，realized my genuine mistake.He smiled...The other occupants of the carriage smiled and nodded at me and made me feel quite welcome amongst them”可知，车厢里其他的人都对作者点头微笑，说明他们理解作 者的错误。故选 D。 13．The author finally believes the Italian people are . A．cold B．rude C．hospitable D．helpful 答案 C 解析 观点态度题。根据第三段第一句中的“I experienced Italian hospitality”以及该 段内容可推知，作者认为意大利人热情友好。故选 C。 14 ． According to the last paragraph ， English passengers sat in near silence because . A．they were all strangers to each other B．they were too tired to speak C．privacy was a valued tradition in England D．everybody had their own share of privacy 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We sat together in near silence.Nobody spoke to me nor，as I expected，to anyone else they did not know.They felt it was not polite to intrude on someone else’s privacy.”可知，英国乘客几乎都不说话，因为他们国家 的传统认为干涉别人的隐私是不礼貌的。故选 C。