2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit5Meetingyourancestors单元学案（22页word版） 22页

2019 届一轮复习人教版选修八 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors 单元学案 单元基础词汇语法搜索 Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦 1． n．可能的选择 　　　adj. 供选择的；其他的 2． n. 挨饿；饿死 3． vt.& vi. 打断……讲话； 打岔；暂时中断或中止 4． vt. 假定；设想 5． adv. 不管；不顾 alternative starvation interrupt assume regardless 6． vi.& vt. (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰 7． adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的 8． n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 9． adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地 10． n. 幼儿园 11． n. 分割；划分；分配；分界线 12． vi.& vt. 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏 13． vi.& vt. 加速；促进 14． vt. 逮捕；吸引 n. 逮捕；拘留 15． adj. 晕眩的；使人发晕或困惑的 sharpen primitive significance somehow kindergarten division applaud accelerate arrest dizzy Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 1． of 不管；不顾 2．at 至多；最多 3．cut 切碎 4．fed up 受够了；饱受；厌烦 5．look 向前看；为将来打算 6．Date 追溯到…… 7．concentrate 集中 8．search 寻找 9．take to do sth. 轮流干某事 10．can’t/couldn’t doing　禁不住干某事 regardless most up with ahead back on for turns help Ⅲ.课文原句突破 1．If only it could be just like last year! [信息提取]　if only 意为“但愿……，要是……就好了……”。 [例句仿写]　要是当时我接受你的建议就好了！ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________then! 【答案】　If only I had followed your advice 2．We have been excavating layers of ash almost six meters thick，which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. [信息提取]　suggest 意为“暗示，表明”。 [例句仿写]　他的坐立不安说明了他想立即离开。 His restlessness suggested that he________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】　wanted to leave immediately 3．Having heard wolves howling in the forest，Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. [信息提取]　lie in wait for sb.隐蔽静候以出人不意。 [例句仿写]　警察为了捕获嫌疑人隐蔽埋伏了好几天。 The police________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________the suspected man. 【答案】　spent a few days lying in wait for 4．So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves， regardless of the cold. [信息提取]　regardless of 不理会，不顾。 [例句仿写]　不论他是对还是错，我们必须遵守他的决定。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，we have to follow his decisions. 【答案】　Regardless of whether he is right or wrong interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止 ①Don’t interrupt us；it’s rude. 别打断我们谈话，这样很不礼貌。 ②Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。 ③I’m sorry to interrupt you ， but could you tell me the way to the hospital？对不起，打扰了，你能告诉我去医院怎么走吗？ ④It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking. 在别人讲话时插嘴是不礼貌的。 辨析：interrupt 与 disturb (1)interrupt 打断(某人的)谈话；中断(某人的)行动 Don’t interrupt me while I am working. 我在工作时别打扰我。 (2)disturb I’m sorry to disturb you，but can I talk to you for a moment? 对不起，打扰你一下，我能跟你谈一会儿吗？ 1 ． It is bad manners to________others while they are having a conversation. A．disturb　　　　　　　　B．bother C．interrupt D．drop in 【解析】　“打断某人的谈话”应该用 interrupt。 【答案】　C assume v．假定；设想；假装；承担 (1)假定，认为 I had assumed him to be a teacher.我本以为他是教师。 I didn’t see your car，so I assumed you’d gone out. 我没有看见你的汽车，所以我以为你出去了。 It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍认为，压力系工作过重所致。 (2)担任(职务，任务等)，承担(责任) The court assumed the responsibility for the girl’s welfare. 法庭承担了保障这个女孩福利的责任。 (3)呈现(情况)，假装 The problem has assumed a new aspect. 那个问题已呈现出新的局面。 Although she was ill，she assumed an air of cheerfulness. 虽然他生病了，却装作快乐的样子。 (1)assuming (that)＝suppose/supposing (that) 假设……；假定…… Assuming it rains tomorrow，what shall we do then? 假设明天下雨的话，我们该怎么办？ (2)on the assumption that 假定 We are working on the assumption that we can carry out the plan in a week.我们在一星期内可以完成计划的假定之下工作着。 2．We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon—________that the others agree. A．to assume B．assumed C．assume D．assuming 【解析】　assuming that...假定……。类似表达有：providing/supposing (that)．..。 【答案】　D significance n．意义，意思；重大意义；重要性 be of great significance 非常重要 Few people realized the significance of the discovery. 很少有人意识到这一发现的重要性。 It is a matter of great significance.这是一个非常重要的问题。 (1)significant adj.有意义的，意味深长的；重要的，重大的 (2)significantly adv.有重大意义地；明显地；显著地；意味深长地 Their change of plan is strange but I don’t think it’s significant.他们改变 了计划十分奇怪，但我觉得没什么用意。 He smiled significantly at his students. 他意味深长地对他的学生笑了。 Profits have risen significantly.利润已明显提高了 3．The new discovery of oil is of great________to the country’s economy. A．signature B．significant C．significance D．sign 【解析】　be of significance＝be significant 有意义的；有价值的；重 要的；signature 签名；签字；sign 标记，迹象。 【答案】　C arrest (1)n.逮捕；拘留 He was placed under house arrest in 1995. 他在 1995 年被软禁。 The police expected to make an arrest soon. 警方很快就会进行拘捕。 (2)vt.逮捕；吸引 The policemen arrested the man for carrying a gun. 警察以携带枪支罪逮捕了那个人。 The beautiful sunset arrested our attention，and we stopped to watch it. 美丽的日落吸引了我们的注意力，我们停下来观看。 4．It is reported that the agent was________for carrying a false passport. A．arrested B．accused C．charged D．suspected 【解析】　句意为：那个代理商因使用假护照而被捕。arrest 逮捕，be arrested for 因……被逮捕；be accused of 因……被指控；be charged with 被控告……；be suspected of 被怀疑……。 【答案】　A regardless of 不理会；不顾 ①He says what he thinks，regardless of other people’s feelings. 他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的情绪。 ②They continued to work regardless of the fact that it was raining. 尽管天在下雨，他们还是继续工作。 ③The law requires equal treatment for all，regardless of race，religion， or sex.这一法律要求平等对待每一个人，不管种族、宗教信仰或性别。 5．(2009 年徐州模拟)Research universities have to keep up with the latest computer and scientific hardware________price. A．not to mention B．in addition to C．on account of D．regardless of 【解析】　句意为：研究学院必须跟上最新的计算机和科研硬件，不 管价格怎样。介词短语 regardless of 表示“不管；不顾”。 【答案】　D 6．(2009 年山东济宁第一次摸底)________the weather，the sports meet will be held on time. A．Instead of B．In relation to C．Regardless of D．In favor of 【解析】　考查短语辨析。句意为：不管(regardless of)天气怎样，运 动会将按时举行。其他各项 instead of(代替，而不是)；in relation to(与……相关)；in favor of(赞成)，均不符合句意。 【答案】　C cut up 切碎，割碎；使伤心/难受 Cut up the carrot before you put them into the pot. 把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。 The baby cannot eat the whole cake.You have to cut it up. 婴儿吃不了整块蛋糕，你得把它切成小块。 He was really cut up when all his friends refused to help him. 当所有的朋友都拒绝帮助他时，他极为难过。 cut off 切断(电力、煤气、自来水等)；隔绝；突然中止 cut in 插入；插嘴 cut down 砍倒；减少(数量) She kept cutting in on our conversation. 我们交谈中她不断插嘴。 Because of the flood，electricity supply was cut off. 因为洪灾，电供应被中断。 You smoke too much—you should try to cut down. 你抽烟太凶了，该少抽点。 7．The carrot should be________into small pieces before you put them into the boiling water. A．cut down B．cut off C．cut in D．cut up 【解析】　cut up 切碎；符合题意。cut down 减少(开支)，砍倒；cut off 切断，中断；cut in 打断，插话，均不符合题意。 【答案】　D 8．(2009 年江西重点中学联考)As the fierce war broke out in the Gaza Strip，people there felt as if they were________from the outside of the world. A．cut out B．cut off C．cut up D．cut through 【解析】　考查动词词组辨析。随着加沙地带战争的爆发，当地人感 觉似乎与外面的世界失去了联系，cut off 表示“切断”。cut out 表示“切 掉，裁剪”；cut up 表示“切碎”；cut through 表示“开辟(出路或通道)”。 【答案】　B date back to 追溯到；上溯到 This custom dates back to the 16th century. 这风俗起源于 16 世纪。 This is an old building dating back to the 16th. 这是一栋追溯至 16 世纪的古老建筑物。 This town dates back to Roman times. 这个城镇可追溯到罗马时代。 date back to＝date from 因追溯是从现在算起指向过去，所以这个短语常用一般现在时，也没 有被动语态。 9．The traditional friendship between our two peoples________ancient times. A．is dated back to B．dates at C．dates back to D．is dated from 【解析】　date back to 追溯至，常用于一般现在时。 【答案】　C If only it could be just like last year! 要是能跟去年那样有多好呀！ if only 用来表达愿望，意为“但愿……，要是……就好了”。 If only you had worked with greater care! 你工作要是再仔细一些该多好啊！ If only he had remembered to buy some fruit! 他当时记得买些水果该多好！ 辨析：if only 与 only if (1)if only 中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(与现在事实相反用一般过去时， 与过去事实相反用过去完成时)。 If only Lucy were here by my side! 要是玛丽能在我身边就好了！ (2)only if 由副词 only 和从属连词 if 组合而成，only 仅起强调作用， 意为“只要；只有”。 Only if you promise not to invite Mary，I will come. 只要你答应不请玛丽，我就来。 Only if you do as I told you can you succeed. 你只有按照我说的去做，你才能成功。 10．Look at the trouble I am in！If only I________your advice. A．followed B．would follow C．had followed D．should follow 【解析】　if only 表示“如果……就好了”，表示与事实相反，条件意 味强烈，其谓语动词常用虚拟语气。此句表示过去的动作，须选用过 去完成时。 【答案】　C Ⅰ.单词拼写 1 ． The discovery of oil is of great________( 意 义 ) to the country’s economy. 【答案】　significance 2．Please________(尖锐的) this pencil.It doesn’t write well. 【答案】　sharpen 3．If payment is not received within five days，legal action will be our only________(可能的选择)． 【答案】　alternative 4．Sorry to________(打断) you，but I need to ask you some questions. 【答案】　interrupt 5．Lucy________(加快) her steps and then began to run. 【答案】　accelerated Ⅱ.选词填空 look ahead；alternative；lie in wait；regardless of；be aware of 1 ． Tom continued to run________________our shouts to him that he should return. 【答案】　regardless of 2．________________，you all will have a brighter future. 【答案】　Looking ahead 3．I offered the________________suggestions of spending the vacation in the mountains or by the sea. 【答案】　alternative 4．He said the government__________________the serious problem and making efforts to solve it. 【答案】　was aware of 5．The murderer was________________________for his victim in the dark. 【答案】　lying in wait Ⅲ.巧思妙解 1．—It was a pity that you missed the famous star yesterday. —If only I________to my hometown! A．didn’t return B．hadn’t returned C．shouldn’t return D．wouldn’t return 【答案】　B 2．—I’ve asked only one person to come and help us—Sam. —________he doesn’t come? A．How about B．What if C．If only D．What about 【解析】　What if...？意为“如果……怎么办？”符合题意。How about...？和 What about...？后均不跟从句；If only 要是……多好！ 【答案】　B 3．—The plane is due to take off at 8∶00 from the airport. —________we can’t get there in time? —Try to take another flight then. A．As if B．Even if C．Only if D．What if 【解析】　what if 如果……怎么办，根据下文 try to take another flight 可推知上文为“如果我们不能及时赶到怎么办？”as if 似乎，好像；even if 即使。 【答案】　D 4．(2008 年江苏卷)________you eat the correct foods________be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A．Only if；will you B．Only if；you will C．Unless；will you D．Unless；you will 【解析】　本题考查倒装结构。only 后面接状语从句时，主句部分要 使用倒装结构。 【答案】　A Ⅳ.语法专练 本单元语法—时态 1．(2010 届浙江杭州高中月考)For some time now，Chinese people， under the leadership of CPC ， ________the contents of the Scientific Development Theory in the course of practicing socialism in China. A．had been improving B．have been improving C．were improving D．improved 【解析】　考查时态。从句中 For some time now 可知，句子要用现 在完成进行时。句意为：中国人民在中国共产党的领导下一直致力于 在实践社会主义进程中完善科学发展观理论。 【答案】　B 2．(2010 届郑州一调)—Didn’t the guard see him breaking into the bank? —No，he________in the other direction. A．was looking B．had looked C．looked D．is looking 【解析】　考查动词时态。语意表示“他”闯入银行的那一刻保安在往 相反的方向看，故用过去进行时。 【答案】　A 3．(2010 届云南师大附中月考)So far，Hope Project________thousands of students in the rural areas of western and central China from dropping out of school. A．prevent B．prevented C．had prevented D．has prevented 【解析】　考查时态。依据句中的时间状语 So far 可知，该句需要用 现在完成时。 【答案】　D 4．(2010 届豫南九校联考)The new college graduate has tried several companies，but each time he________. A．has been turned down B．had been turned down C．was turned down D．is turned down 【解析】　考查时态。大学毕业生找工作被拒绝发生在过去，所以应 该用一般过去时。 【答案】　C 5．(2010 届绵阳中学期中测试)—How do you think of his teaching method? —It should be popular；it________practical. A．proves B．is proved C．has been proved D．was proved 【解析】　考查时态和语态。此处的 prove 是系动词，表示“证明是， 表明是”。后三项中的 prove 都是实义动词，语法结构不太恰当，而 且 D 项的时态不符合语意。 【答案】　A 单元知识链接高考题型 Ⅰ.语法填空 (2018·河南实验中学模拟) I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class at the age of 9! You can imagine how __1__ (terrible) shy I was with so many eyes fixed on me. I had no choice but __2__ (prepare) for it, though. First of all, I was to draft the speech, __3__ was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer. But the hardest part __4__ (lie) in my oral presentation from my memory—for to read from the paper __5__ (forbid). The real moment began when I stood on the platform with my legs __6__ (tremble) and my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found __7__ (I) back, delivering my speech without difficulty. After __8__ seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made it! From then on, my fear of talking before the audience disappeared. Actually with my __9__ (confident) built up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the __10__ (great) difficulty on our way to success is our fear. Overcome it and we will be able to achieve our goals. 【语篇解读】　文章通过讲述作者 9 岁时的一次演讲经历，得出 成功路上最大的困难是恐惧，克服恐惧就能实现目标的感悟。 1．解析：terribly　考查词性转换。句意为：你可以想象一下， 那么多双眼睛盯着我，我是多么害羞啊。设空处修饰形容词 shy，应 用副词。故填 terribly。 【剧有所得·方法】　常见的以­le 结尾的形容词变副词 possible—possibly　terrible—terribly　comfortable—comfortably　 gentle—gently　simple—simply 2．解析：to prepare　考查非谓语动词。句意为：但是我别无选 择，只好去准备。have no choice but to do sth.是固定搭配，故填 to prepare。 3．解析：which　考查定语从句。句意为：首先，我要写演讲稿， 这对我这个写作高手来说是小菜一碟。设空处引导非限制性定语从句， 从句中缺少主语，先行词指前面整句话，故填 which。 4．解析：lay　考查动词的时态。句意为：但是最难的部分在于 依靠记忆进行口头表达——因为禁止照着稿子宣读。本文讲述的是发 生在过去的事，要用一般过去时。lie 在此意为“存在；在于”，其过去 式为 lay。故填 lay。 5．解析：was forbidden　考查动词的时态和语态。句意见上一 题解析。根据文章的主体时态为一般过去时可知，该分句也应用一般 过去时；主语“to read from the paper”与动词 forbid 之间是被动关系， 要用被动语态。故填 was forbidden。 6．解析：trembling　考查非谓语动词。句意为：那一时刻真正 到来的时候，我站在台上双腿发抖，脑子一片空白。在“with＋宾语 ＋宾补”复合结构中，“leg”与动词 tremble 之间是逻辑上的主动关系， 故用现在分词。故填 trembling。 7．解析：myself　考查代词。句意为“渐渐地，我找回了自己， 毫不费力地发表了演讲。”主语与宾语为同一人时，用反身代词。故 填 myself。 8．解析：what　考查名词性从句。句意为：过了似乎有一百年 那么久，我发现观众在鼓掌——我成功了！“After”后的宾语从句中缺 少主语，故填 what。 9．解析：confidence　考查词性转换。句意为：事实上，随着我 信心的增强，我现在已经成了一个了不起的演说家。形容词性物主代 词后接名词，故填形容词 confident 的名词形式 confidence。 10．解析：greatest　考查形容词的最高级。句意为：回顾过去， 我知道在我们通往成功的路上最大的困难就是我们(内心)的恐惧。此 处指生活中所有的困难中最大的一个，要用最高级。故填 greatest。 Ⅱ.短文改错 (2018·安徽皖西南名校联考) The other day Li Ping was riding in the street when the old man came across the street without noticing her. The old man was knocking down. Instead of helping him stand up, Li Ping shouted at the old man angry. The old man did not say something more. Several minutes later, she remembered her shoes lay on the backseat of the bicycle, but now they are missing. She hurried back to the place which the accident took place. To his surprise, Li Ping found the old man was waiting her. Li Ping felt really ashamed when the old man returned the shoes back to her. 答案： The other day Li Ping was riding in the street when the an old man came across the street without noticing her. The old man was knocking knocked down. Instead of helping him stand up, Li Ping shouted at the old man angry angrily . The old man did not say something anything more. Several minutes later, she remembered her shoes lay laid或在前面加which/that on the backseat of the bicycle, but now they are were missing. She hurried back to the place which where the accident took place. To his her surprise, Li Ping found the old man was waiting ∧ for her. Li Ping felt really ashamed when the old man returned the shoes to her. 1．解析：考查不定冠词。句意：一天李萍骑车在街上走的时候 突然一位老人在没有注意到他的情况下过马路。“一位老人”为泛指。 根据题意，故将定冠词 the 改为 an。 2．解析：考查被动语态。句意：老人被撞倒了。“The old man” 与 “knock” 之 间 处 于 被 动 语 态 。 根 据 题 意 ， 故 将 knocking 改 为 knocked。 back 3．解析：考查副词。句意：李萍朝老人生气地大喊。修饰动词 “shouted”应使用副词。根据题意，故将形容词 angry 改为 angriy。 4．解析：考查不定代词。句意：老人没有再说什么。根据题意， 故将 someing 改为 anything。 5．解析：考查过去分词作定语。句意：几分钟后，她想起自己 的鞋子放在自行车的后座上。Shoes 与 lay 之间处于被动语态，根据 题意，故使用过去分词作定语。故将 lay 改为 laid 或在 lay 前添加 which/that。 6．解析：考查时态。句意：但是现在鞋子不见了。该文描述的 是过去发生的事，根据题意，故将 are 改为 were。 7．解析：考查定语从句。句意：她匆匆赶回事故发生的地点。Place 为先行词，where 在从句中做地点状语。故使用 where 引导定语从句。 根据题意，故将 which 改为 where。 8．解析：考查代词。句意：令她吃惊的是。根据“She hurried back...”根据题意，故将 his 改为 her。 9．解析：考查固定用法。句意：李萍发现老人正在等她。Wait for sb.等待某人。根据题意，故填加介词 for。 10．解析：考查固定用法。句意：当老人把她的鞋子还给她的时 候，李萍感到非常的羞愧。Return sth. to sb.送回，退还。根据题意， 故将 back 去掉。 Ⅲ.书面表达 (2018·河北石家庄高中毕业班第一次模拟) 假定你是李华。你的美国外教 David 回国后，请你帮他找人制作 一枚中文名章(name stamp)以作纪念。你已找好制作人。给他写封邮 件，告知此事，并请他从所附图片中挑选字体、图案及材料。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear David， _______________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________ _________________ Yours， Li Hua 答案： Dear_David， How is everything going? I can still remember the days we spent together when you taught in China. When you went back to America last month, you mentioned to get a Chinese name stamp made for you, as it is a symbol of traditional Chinese culture. Now I'm so glad to tell you that I've already found a stamp craftsman who's experienced and skilled at making Chinese traditional name stamps. To make a stamp that suits you best, I attach some pictures of various types of characters, designs and materials in the email. You can choose whichever of them you prefer. Look forward to your reply. Best wishes. Yours， Li_Hua