【英语】2018届一轮复习人教版必修1Unit1Friendship学案(5) 25页

Unit 1　Friendship ‎【热点话题】‎ Personal information(个人信息)‎ 英国交换生Tom申请成为福州青年运动会志愿者 体裁：书信 写作思路：‎ 基本情况—自身优势—承诺 ‎【美文诵读】‎ Dear Sir/Madam，‎ I'm_Tom，an_exchange_student_from_Britain_．① I'd like to work as a volunteer for the First National Youth Games.‎ I am a boy of 16. As a high school student，I like sports and I have always been looking forward to the Games to be held in Fuzhou.‎ Because I can speak English and Chinese fluently and have_the_burning_passion_for② sports, I think that I am_qualified_to_be③ a volunteer for the Games. Besides, I have good communicating skills and I am an outgoing，reliable and helpful person.What's more, I am_familiar_with_the_local_condition④ in Fuzhou.‎ I promise I will_offer_the_best_service_to_whoever_takes_‎ part_in_the_Games.⑤‎ Now I formally apply for the job and sincerely hope I can be accepted.‎ Yours faithfully，‎ Tom　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎【学海拾贝】‎ 按要求完成或翻译下列句子。‎ ‎1．露茜对跳舞热情似火。(burning passion)‎ Lucy has_the_burning_passion_for dancing.‎ ‎2．我具备教师资质。(quality)‎ I am_qualified_to_be a teacher.‎ ‎3．你熟悉当地的风俗吗？(familiar)‎ Are you familiar_with the local customs?‎ ‎4．我是来自育英中学的学生李明。(用同位语)‎ I_am_Li_Ming，a_student_from_Yu_Ying_Middle_school．‎ ‎5．让我对所有帮过我的人说声谢谢。(whoever)‎ Let me say thanks to whoever_helped_me．‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.按要求写出下列单词 ‎1．十几岁的青少年n.teenager ‎2．调查，测验 n．survey ‎3．(使)平静，镇静；平静的，沉着的v.& adj.calm ‎4．恢复，痊愈，重新获得 v．recover ‎5．安家，定居；安排，解决 v．settle ‎6．孤单，寂寞 n．loneliness ‎7．确实如此，正是，确切地 adv.exactly ‎8．黄昏 n．dusk ‎9．公路，大路 n．highway ‎10．忽视，不理睬 v．ignore ‎ ‎11．权力，力量 n．power 强大的，强有力的 adj.powerful ‎ 无权的，无力的 adj.powerless ‎12．灰尘 n．dust 积满灰尘的 adj.dusty ‎13．同意 v．agree 不同意 v．disagree 协议 n．agreement ‎14．担心；涉及，关系到 n．& v．concern 关心的，有关的 adj.concerned 关于，就……而言 prep. concerning ‎15．遭受，忍受；经历 v．suffer 痛苦，不幸 n．suffering 用所给单词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1．As far as I am concerned，it is quite natural that the farmers are concerned about the sale of the land because it is a matter that concerns all of them.So you'd better let them see all the official documents concerning the sale of this land.(concern)‎ ‎2．There is so much suffering in this world.For example，many African people are suffering hunger while some other people continue to suffer from serious pollution.(suffer)‎ ‎3．The desk was covered with dust and from the dusty furniture you could see that it was a deserted house.(dust)‎ ‎4．After he came to power，everyone said he was a powerful leader，but now he felt so powerless that he even couldn't save his daughter.(power)‎ ‎5．I was very grateful to my teachers for their help and my gratitude to them was beyond words.(gratitude)‎ Ⅱ.翻译下列短语 ‎1．合计add_up ‎2．(使)平静，(使)镇定calm__sb._down ‎3．遭受；患病 suffer_from ‎4．经历，经受go_through ‎5．关心，挂念be_concerned_about ‎6．对……十分狂热/痴迷be_crazy_about ‎7．对……厌烦be/get_tired_of ‎8．与……相处和睦，进展顺利get_along_well_with ‎9．面对面face_to_face ‎10．故意on_purpose ‎11．感激某人be_grateful_to_sb.‎ ‎12．对……感到难过be_upset_about_sth.‎ 选用上述短语完成下列短文。‎ Yesterday Mary said ill words about me (1) on_purpose and I (2) was_upset_about it so that I couldn't hold back my tears. Lucy tried to (3)calm_me_down and persuaded me to forgive Mary.She said we should learn to (4)get_on_well_with each other. I (5) was_grateful_to Lucy for her kindness.‎ Ⅲ.重点句型 ‎1．I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky，the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.(p.2)‎ 我清楚地记得曾经有段时间蓝色的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花都不会让我迷恋。‎ There was a time when...曾经有段时间……when引导定语从句。‎ There_was_a_time_when my son was crazy about computer games.‎ 曾经有段时间我儿子痴迷于电脑游戏。‎ ‎———————————————————————‎ ‎[模仿造句]‎ 用上述句型完成下列句子。‎ ‎(1)曾经有段时间我非常厌倦学习。‎ There_was_a_time_when_I_was_very_tired_of_study.‎ ‎(2)我弟弟曾一度痴迷于网络小说。‎ There_was_a_time_when_my_brother_was_crazy_about_reading_online_novels.‎ ‎2．I didn't go downstairs until the window had to be shut.‎ 我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。‎ not...until...“直到……才”，在这个句型中，主句的动词必须是终止性动词。until用于肯定句时，主句的动词为持续性动词。‎ Peter didn't go home until the boss allowed him to leave.‎ 直到得到老板的允许，Peter才回家。‎ I watched the bus until it disappeared in the distance.‎ 我看着车，直到它消失在远方。‎ 注意以下两点 ‎(1)倒装式：not until放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装；(2)强调式：‎ It is not until...that...第一个例句可改为：‎ Not_until the boss allowed him to leave did Peter go home.‎ It_was_not_until the boss allowed him to leave that Peter went home.‎ ‎———————————————————————‎ ‎[模仿造句]‎ 用上述句型完成下列句子。‎ ‎(1)李老师在我们学校一直工作到退休。‎ Mr.Li_worked_on_our_school_until_he_retired.‎ ‎(2)小女孩直到看见妈妈才停止哭泣。‎ The_little_girl_didn't_stop_crying_until_she_saw_her_mother.‎ ‎(3)昨晚直到写完作业我才去睡觉。‎ I didn't_go_to_bed until I finished my homework last night.‎ ‎(4)直到你帮我指出来，我才意识到我的错误。‎ Not_until_you_pointed_out_my_mistakes_did I realize I was wrong.‎ ‎3．…;It was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face.(p.2)‎ 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。‎ This/It is/was the first/second time that...某人第一/第二次做某事。主句的谓语是现在时，从句的谓语用现在完成时；主句的谓语是过去 时，从句的谓语用过去完成时。‎ This is the first time that I have seen such a beautiful lake.‎ 这是我第一次看到如此美丽的湖泊。‎ ‎———————————————————————‎ ‎[模仿造句]‎ 用上述句型完成下列句子。‎ ‎(1)我告诉导游这是我第一次来台湾旅游。‎ I_told_the_guide_that_it_was_the_first_time_that_I_had_travelled_in_Taiwan.‎ ‎(2)这个短语已经第三次出现在我们的练习中。‎ It's_the_third_time_that_the_phrase_has_appeared_in_our_exercises.‎ 用上述句型翻译下列小片段。‎ 曾经有一段时间我沉溺于电脑游戏，每天晚上我都要十二点才匆匆忙忙地做作业。一个月后，我在一次数学考试中只得了50分，那可是我第一次数学不及格。直到那时我才意识到自己迷恋电脑游戏有多愚蠢。‎ There_was_a_time_when_I_was_addicted_to_computer_games.Every_night_I_didn't_begin_to_do_my_homework_in_a_hurry_until_twelve_o'clock.A_month_later，I_got_50_in_a_maths_examination.It_was_the_first_time_that_I_ha d_failed_and_it_was_not_until_then_that_I_realized_how_foolish_it_was_of_me_to_abandon_myself_to_computer_games.‎ 短文改错的解题技巧 ‎　　短文改错的命题特点是在强调对语篇整体理解的基础上，以句为单位设置错误。‎ ‎(1)设问的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻辑。从这三个角度考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性。‎ ‎(2)错词情况中，涉及动词的情况最多，包括动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致等。‎ 多词错误中，多余的主要是介词；少词错误中，主要涉及介词或冠词。‎ 试题的这些设问特征为我们答题提供了重要的信息：‎ ‎(1)要注意动词的形态变化；‎ ‎(2)要看人称代词的一致性和连接词的正确性；‎ ‎(3)要根据单词在句子中的功能来确定词性：名词(通常作主语、宾语)、形容词(表语、定语)和副词(状语)；‎ ‎(4)要看是否多或少了介词或冠词。‎ 动词考点的命题特点 ‎1．现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语，这一考点 每年都考。如：‎ My parents did not want me to do any work at home；they want me to devote all my time to my studies.‎ 解析：此句讲述父母对我的一惯性态度；要我将所有时间都用来学习，不要我做任何其他事情，应该用一般现在时，全篇时态要一致，把did 改为do。‎ ‎2．主句与从句的谓语不一致。‎ 英语表达中往往要求主句谓语的时态、数等与从句的保持一致。如：‎ My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month.‎ 解析：主句中stayed用一般过去时态，故将“visit”改为“visited”。‎ When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train，my father said，“That's it.No more toys to you.”‎ 解析：主句中said用一般过去时态，故将 “tear”改为“tore”。 ‎ ‎3．语态混用。‎ 有些考生在写作中理不清主动和被动关系，该用被动语态时用主动语态，该用主动语态时用被动语态。如：‎ Physical training must pay more attention to.‎ 解析：“锻炼身体”必须“被关注”， 故将“pay”改为被动形式“be paid”。‎ Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the sky—they ‎ were looked like rain! ‎ 解析：感官动词通常不用被动，故将“were”和“ looked ”删除其一即可。‎ 下面每个句子中都有一处错误，请指出并加以改正。‎ ‎1．She liked it very much and reads it to the class.‎ liked→likes ‎2．I don't know that they don't like to talk with me.Sometimes we talked to each other very well in class.‎ talked→talk ‎3．After hearing your sad stories，he will say some words that is nice and warm.‎ is→are ‎4．In a word，friends are those you like and trust，and you will enjoy every minute that you spent with them.‎ spent→spend ‎5．After shopping，Mother and I went to a restaurant for lunch.I notice Mother looking at a nearby table occupied by an elderly woman and young couple.‎ notice→noticed ‎6．One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help.‎ come→came ‎7．I still remember when I was a child，you always held me in your arms and told me stories till I fall asleep.‎ fall→fell ‎8．My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day.‎ are→were ‎9．It was turned out to be her own cup，which she'd left on the shelf by mistake.‎ 删除was ‎10．Quietly I step into the room.I saw him lying in bed，looking at some of the pictures we had taken together.‎ step→stepped 第一节　阅读理解 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。‎ ‎(2015·安徽卷)Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways.Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's ‎ celebrations or traditions.The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural(农村的)and urban areas within one country.‎ Sharing bread，whether during a special occasion(时刻)or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness.Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests.Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread，so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.‎ Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.In the southern United States，pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity(兴旺)in the New Year.In Greece，people share a special cake called vasilopita.A coin is put into the cake，which signifies(预示)success in the New Year for the person who receives it.‎ Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child，and food can play a significant role.In China，when a baby is one month old，families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving redcolored eggs to guests.In many cultures，round foods such as grapes，bread，and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.‎ Nutrition is necessary for life，so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.‎ ‎1．According to the passage，sharing bread________．‎ A．indicates a lack of food B．can help to develop unity C．is a custom unique to rural areas D．has its roots in birthday celebrations ‎2．What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?‎ A．Trust.　　　　　　　B．Success.‎ C．Health. D．Togetherness.‎ ‎3．The author explains the role of food in celebrations by________.‎ A．using examples B．making comparisons C．analyzing causes D．describing processes ‎4．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．The custom of sharing food.‎ B．The specific meaning of food.‎ C．The role of food in ceremonies.‎ D．The importance of food in culture.‎ 语篇解读：本文为说明文，题材为社会文化类。主要介绍了食物在文化交流中的重要意义。‎ ‎1．解析：事实细节题。根据第一段第二句话可知，分享食物是人类的一种传统，它可以促进团结、增进信任。故选B。‎ 答案：B ‎2．解析：事实细节题。根据第三段第三、四句话可知，在希腊如果吃到放入vasilopita中的硬币，预示着来年将获得成功。故选B。‎ 答案：B ‎3．解析：推理判断题。第三段作者提出观点后，接着列举了两个例子，解释了食物在庆祝新年中的作用。故选A。‎ 答案：A ‎4．解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段和最后一段可知，本文主要介绍了食物在文化中的重要意义。故选D。‎ 答案：D 第二节　七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ One of the best ways to change your looks and improve your health is to lose excessive weight. There are plenty of tips, hints and various techniques to help you cope with the problem.‎ Say goodbye to sugar ‎ ‎1____.Sugar is added to most products to make them more addictive. People like the sweet taste and get used to eating pretty soon. Do not use sugar at all or minimize its amount while cooking.‎ ‎ Enjoys fruits and vegetables ‎ Eating fruits and vegetables is absolutely necessary when you ‎ are on a diet and need minerals, vitamins and other nutrients to stay energetic and alert.____2____because we tend to snack on fast food instead. In order not to get bored with vegetables and fruits, be creative and invent something new, such as colorful salads or smoothies. ‎ Get enough sleep ‎ It has been scientifically proved that people who do not get enough sleep eat more.____3____.It is stressful for the whole organism to stay up late at night. Go to bed before midnight. Avoid snacking on fatty and sugary foods before bedtime. Stop drinking caffeinated drinks a few hours before you go to bed so that you could fall asleep easier.‎ Reduce the amount of meat you consume ‎ Eating less meat is good for a variety of reasons.____4____. One of the most expected recommendations you might hear from a specialist is that you should reduce the amount of consumed meat if your goal is weight loss.‎ ‎5____‎ ‎ Being physically active is good for you and not boring at all. It does not require any special skills or equipment. Practice sports for entertainment. Only then will you be able to fully enjoy it and keep on exercising further. ‎ A．They need calories to stay alert B．We need to burn excessive calories to keep healthy C．Nowadays it is close to impossible to find foods that would not contain sugar D．People used to be healthier many years ago only because they could not afford meat E．Exercise for fun F．Exercise regularly G．Most of us would avoid fruits and vegetables 答案：1～5　CGADE 第三节　完形填空 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎(2015·课标全国Ⅰ卷)My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way，we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said，“____1____ my job.Family to Feed.”‎ At this store，a ____2____ like this is not normal.My 10yearold noticed him and made a ____3____ on how bad it must be to have to stand ____4____ in the cold wind.‎ In the store，I asked each of my kids to ____5____ something they thought our “friend” there would ____6____．They got apples，a sandwich and a bottle of juice.Then my 17yearold ‎ suggested giving him a ____7____．I thought about it.We were ____8____ on cash ourselves，but...well，sometimes ____9____ from our need instead of our abundance is ____10____ what we need to do！All the kids ____11____ something they could do away with for the week.‎ When we handed him the bag of ____12____，he lit up and thanked us with ____13____ eyes.When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for ____14____ his family might need，he burst into tears.‎ This has been a wonderful ____15____ for our family.For days the kids have been looking for others we can ____16____！Things would have played out so ____17____if I had simply said，“No，we really don't have ____18____ to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in ____19____，it also gave my kids the ____20____ taste of helping others.It'll go a long way with them.‎ ‎1．A.Lost　　　　　　　　　B．Changed C．Quit D．Finished ‎2．A.condition B．place C．sight D．show ‎3．A.suggestion B．comment C．decision D．call ‎4．A.outside B．proudly C．by D．angrily ‎5．A.draw B．say C．arrange D．pick ‎6．A.order B．supply C．appreciate D．discover ‎7．A.dollar B．job C．hot meal D．gift card ‎8．A.easy B．low C．soft D．loose ‎9．A.giving B．saving C．spending D．begging ‎10．A.yet B．even C．still D．just ‎11．A.declared B．shared C．ignored D．expected ‎12．A.toys B．medicine C．food D．clothes ‎13．A.sleepy B．watery C．curious D．sharp ‎14．A.whoever B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever ‎15．A.experience B．example C．message D．adventure ‎16．A.rely on B．respect C．learn from D．help ‎17．A.suddenly B．vividly C．differently D．perfectly ‎18．A.time B．power C．patience D．money ‎19．A.fear B．love C．need D．memory ‎20．A.strong B．sweet C．strange D．simple 语篇解读：周末我带着孩子们去超市，在门口遇到了一位需要帮助的人。于是我和孩子们向他伸出了援助之手，孩子们按照自己的想法给了这个人帮助。这件事会给孩子们带来长久的影响，陪伴他们走过长长的人生路。‎ ‎1．解析：纸上写着“失去了工作，有一家人要养活”。lose one's job 某人失去了工作，符合题意，故选A项。quit one's job 意为“某人辞职”，与语境不符。‎ 答案：A ‎2．解析：在这家超市，这样的情景是不正常的。sight 在此处指：景象，情景。‎ 答案：C ‎3．解析：我10岁的孩子注意到了他，并对此发表了自己的评论(comment)。‎ 答案：B ‎4．解析：不得不站在外面(outside)的寒风中一定是一件非常糟糕的事情。此处指这个人站在超市外面的寒风中乞讨，故选A项。‎ 答案：A ‎5．解析：进入商店，我要孩子们每人挑选出一件东西。此处表达“从众多的商品中挑出一个”，要用pick。‎ 答案：D ‎6．解析：让孩子们挑选出一件他们认为我们那位“朋友”会喜欢(appreciate)的东西。‎ 答案：C ‎7．解析：根据后文的“the gift card”可知答案为D项。‎ 答案：D ‎8．解析：我们自己的钱也快用完了。be low on sth.某物快耗尽了。‎ 答案：B ‎9．解析：根据情境可知我和孩子们是在给予别人东西。‎ 答案：A ‎10．解析：从我们所需要的东西中，而不是从我们富有的东西中拿出些来给别人，这正是(just)我们需要做的。‎ 答案：D ‎11．解析：所有的孩子宣布了自己本周会停止使用的东西。declare宣布，声明；share分享；ignore忽略，忽视；expect期望。此处表示“宣布，声明”，故选A项。‎ 答案：A ‎12．解析：根据上文提到的“apples，a sandwich and a bottle of juice”可知此处应该是我们递给他一袋子吃的东西，故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎13．解析：收到我们的食物后，这个人一下子高兴起来，眼含着泪水对我们表示了感谢。with watery eyes泪眼汪汪地。sleepy困乏的；curious好奇的；sharp锋利的，锐利的。‎ 答案：B ‎14．解析：我告诉他可以用这张卡来为他家买可能需要的东西。空格处的引导词在该从句中作宾语，表示物且无范围限制，要用whatever引导。‎ 答案：B ‎15．解析：这件事对我们一家来说是一次非常好的经历。experience在此处指“经历”，符合语境。‎ 答案：A ‎16．解析：多少天以来孩子们一直在寻找我们能够帮助(help)的人。‎ 答案：D ‎17．解析：如果那时我对他们说我们没有钱给别人 ‎，事情的发展就不一样了(differently)。‎ 答案：C ‎18．解析：根据上文我们帮助那位“朋友”的经历，可知此处应该是表达“我们没有钱”，故选D项。‎ 答案：D ‎19．解析：帮助了一位生活困难的兄弟。in need生活困难的。‎ 答案：C ‎20．解析：这件事让孩子们品尝到了帮助别人的美妙滋味。sweet taste美妙的滋味，符合语境。‎ 答案：B 第四节　语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。‎ ‎(2015·广东卷)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned 1.________ farm，which looked almost abandoned.2.________ (lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 3.________ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 4.________ (leave)．The cow was their only means of support，in fact.One day，the cow was eating grass 5.________ it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away，she 6.________ (fall) over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make ‎ a living 7.________ the cow.In order to support his family，Mr.Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees 8.________ (sell) the wood.Thinking about his children's clothes，he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market 9.________ people from the towns met regularly.Now it occurred to 10.________ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.‎ 语篇解读：本文为记叙文，题材为人物故事类。本文讲述了主人公Mr.Johnson的生活经历。虽然他意外地失去了以往用以谋生的奶牛，却在之后的生活中收获了更多，可谓“塞翁失马焉知非福”。‎ ‎1．解析：考查冠词。本空后为单数名词farm，且第一次提到，故填a。‎ 答案：a ‎2．解析：考查词性转换。本空修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，故填Luckily。‎ 答案：Luckily ‎3．解析：考查介词。exchange...for...用……交换……。‎ 答案：for ‎4．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词和主语之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，又因为动作发生在过去应用一般过去时，故填was left。‎ 答案：was left ‎5．解析：考查连词。此句中when意为“这时”。‎ 答案：when ‎6．解析：考查动词的时态。此空前为主语she，根据语境可知应用一般过去时，故填fell。‎ 答案：fell ‎7．解析：考查介词。根据上文可知Mr.Johnson失去了他的奶牛，且此空后为the cow，故用介词without。‎ 答案：without ‎8．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知此处表示他开始砍伐树木的目的，故填to sell。‎ 答案：to sell ‎9．解析：考查定语从句。先行词是表地点的名词market，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。‎ 答案：where ‎10．解析：考查代词。根据句型It occurred to sb.that...“某人想到……”及上下文中的人称使用情况可知答案。‎ 答案：him