2019届一轮复习译林版必修三Unit1Theworldofoursenses学案 23页

Unit 1　The world of our senses 人际关系之(一)‎ ‎——助人为乐 ‎ [一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．dot n．点，小圆点　　　　2.glance vi.&n．瞥一眼，匆匆看 ‎3．narrow adj.狭窄的 4.grasp vt.抓紧，抓牢 ‎5．stare vi.凝视，盯着看 6.nowhere adv.无处，到处都不 ‎7．firmly adv.牢牢地，坚定地 8.analyse vt.分析 ‎9．wave n．波浪vi.&vt.挥手，摆动 10.contrary adj.相反的n．相反的事实 ‎11．whisper vi.&vt.小声说；私下说 12.disability n．缺陷；伤残 ‎13．panic vi.&n．惊慌，恐慌 14.loose adj.松动的vt.松开，释放 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．observevt.观察；注意到；评论 2.whereveradv. &conj.无论哪里 ‎3．approachv．靠近n.靠近；方法 4.gratefuladj.感激的，表示感谢的 ‎5．aidvt.&n．帮助 6.helpern．帮助者 ‎7．reducevt.&vi.减少 8.volunteern．志愿者vi.&vt.自愿做 ‎9．puzzlen．谜，疑问vt.迷惑，使困惑 10.attachvt.认为……重要 ‎11．calmadj.镇静的vt.&vi.使平静 12.likelyadj.可能的 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.confuse vt.使糊涂，使迷惑→confused adj.困惑的→confusing adj.令人困惑的 ‎　2.hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑不决→hesitation n．犹豫，踌躇 ‎*3.anxious adj.焦虑的，忧虑的→anxiety n．焦虑；渴望→anxiously adv.焦虑地，忧虑地 ‎　4.relief n．轻松，宽慰→relieve v．减轻；解除 ‎*5.ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会→ignorant adj.无知的，愚昧的→ignorance n．愚昧，无知 ‎　6.suit n．套装vt.适合，满足需要→suitable adj.合适的，适宜的 ‎*7.hopeful adj.抱有希望的→hopefully adv.满怀希望地→hope n．&vt.希望→hopeless adj.‎ 没有希望的 ‎*8.attract vt.吸引→attractive adj.有吸引力的，诱人的→attraction n．吸引，有吸引力的人或事 ‎*9.employ vt.使用；雇佣→employer n．雇佣者，雇主→employee n．受雇者，雇员，雇工→employment n．职业；雇佣，使用 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．My mother always urges us anxiously if we don't arrive as we said. We can even feel her anxiety.‎ ‎2．Hangzhou is considered to be one of the most attractive places in China and the West Lake is one of its top attractions.‎ ‎3．Encouraged by his teacher, the hopeless child is very hopeful about his future. Full of hope and confidence, he'll succeed in time.‎ ‎4．The young inventor was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.‎ ‎5．The employer decided to employ Tom as her secretary and she hoped to have a talk with her employee before he came to work.‎ ‎6．Owing to ignorance of traffic laws, some drivers usually ignore the speed limit.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．fellow /'feləʊ/n．　　　　同伴；伙伴 ‎2．stranger /'streɪndʒə/n. 陌生人 ‎3．neighbour /'neɪbə/n. 邻居，邻人 ‎4．colleague /'kɒliːg/n. 同事，同僚 ‎5．acquaintance /ə'kweɪntəns/n．熟人；相识 ‎6．congratulation /kəngrætjʊ'leɪʃən/n. 祝贺 ‎7．conscience /'kɒnʃ(ə)ns/n. 良心；良知 ‎8．admirable /'ædmərəb(ə)l/adj.值得赞赏的，可钦佩的 ‎9．unselfish /ʌn'selfɪʃ/adj. 无私的 ‎10．harmonious /hɑː'məʊnɪəs/adj. 和谐的 ‎11．friendly/'frendlɪ/adj. 友好的 ‎12．enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːzɪ'æstɪk/adj. 热情的 ‎13．precious /'preʃəs/adj. 珍贵的 ‎14．grateful /'greɪtfʊl/adj. 感激的 ‎15．sincere /sɪn'sɪə/adj. 真诚的 ‎16．voluntary /'vɒləntərɪ/adj. 志愿的；自愿的 ‎17．merciful /'mɜːsɪfʊl/adj. 宽大的；仁慈的 ‎18．modest /'mɒdɪst/adj. 谦虚的；谦逊的 ‎19．reliable /rɪ'laɪəb(ə)l/adj.可信赖的 ‎20．patient /'peɪʃ(ə)nt/adj. 有耐心的 ‎21．consult /kən'sʌlt/vt. 请教；商量 ‎22．appreciate /ə'priːʃɪeɪt/vt. 欣赏；感激 ‎23．associate /ə'səʊʃɪeɪt/vt. 联想；联系 ‎24．help /help/vt.&n. 帮助 ‎25．accompany /ə'kʌmpənɪ/vt. 陪同，陪伴 ‎26．cooperate /kəʊ'ɒpəreɪt/vi. 合作 ‎27．forgive /fə'gɪv/vt. 原谅 ‎28．trust /trʌst/vt. 相信；信任 ‎29．promote /prə'məʊt/vt. 促进；提升 ‎30．donate /dəʊ'neɪt/vt. 捐赠 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.in_sight看得见，在视力范围内　*2.wish_for_盼望，企盼 ‎*3.reach_out伸出(手) *4.watch_out_for留心，密切注意 ‎　5.roll_up卷起来　6.glance_at瞥一眼，匆匆看 ‎*7.pay_back偿还；回报；报复 *8.contrary_to与……相反 ‎*9.attach_..._to_...把……附在……上　10.clear_up (天气)放晴；清理 ‎*11.work_out制订出；算出　12.come_across邂逅，不期而遇 ‎　13.in_the_distance在远处　14.to_one's_surprise使某人惊奇的是 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．The kind woman always wanted to reach_out and help those who needed help.‎ ‎2．I think we should work_out regularly to keep physically fit.‎ ‎3．Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.‎ ‎4．It didn't take long before the plane disappeared in_sight.‎ ‎5．What he did was contrary_to what his mother had thought.‎ ‎6．If you wish_for any further explanation, you had better consult the chief of police in person.‎ ‎7．The doctor said I might be sick, and that I must watch_out_for symptoms which could ‎ send me to hospital.‎ ‎8．He paid_back the money he owed us immediately he returned home.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．have trouble in doing sth./have trouble with sth.在(做)某事方面有困难 ‎2．do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙 ‎3．turn to sb. for help 求助于某人 ‎4．communicate with 与……交流 ‎5．be ready to help others 乐于助人 ‎6．be concerned for/about 对……担心/关心 ‎7．share ...with ... 与……分享……‎ ‎8．fit in with 与……相适应/相融洽 ‎9．get on/along well with sb.与某人相处融洽 ‎10．be in harmony with ...与……和谐相处/协调 ‎11．be on good terms with sb.与某人关系好 ‎12．participate in 参加，参与 ‎13．get through 接通电话 ‎14．take a parttime job 做兼职 ‎15．take it easy 别紧张 ‎16．be aware of 意识到 ‎17．help out 帮助摆脱困境 ‎ [三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (find sb. doing ...)‎ ‎[例句]　Polly found herself staringup at the face of an old man with a beard. ‎ ‎[仿写]　我发现你对打乒乓球很感兴趣，因为你一直热衷于乒乓球。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)‎ I_find_you_interested_in playing pingpong, for you have been enthusiastic about pingpong.‎ ‎2．rather than用于平行结构中(……而不是……)‎ ‎[例句]　While having dinner, listen to some enjoyable musicrather thanwatch television.‎ ‎[仿写]　由于我们打算爬山，一定要记得穿运动鞋而不要穿皮鞋。(2017·6月浙江高考满分作文)‎ As we intend to climb mountains, do be sure to wear gym shoes rather_than leather shoes.‎ ‎3．倍数表达法：倍数＋形容词比较级＋than ...‎ ‎[例句]　Don't be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark. ‎ ‎[仿写]　只要你付出的时间和精力比以前多两倍，我相信你能成功。(2015·四川高考满分作文)‎ As long as you devote twice_more_time_and_energy_than you did before, I believe you will succeed.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．We should be kind to one another, which is essential for enjoying a harmonious life.‎ 我们应当彼此友善，这对于享受和谐的生活是必要的。‎ ‎2．He is generous with his time in offering help to us, for which we feel grateful.‎ 他毫不吝惜自己的时间，主动为我们提供帮助，为此我们都对他感激不尽。‎ ‎3．Not only does he study well but also he is always ready to help others.‎ 他不仅学习好，而且还乐于助人。‎ ‎4．It was your help and kindnessthat made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.‎ 正是你的帮助和热心让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ Dear Ms Jenkins，‎ I am Li Hua. I am writing to wish for you to do me a favor.‎ I am planning to take a parttime job in a foreign capital company. But I have some trouble with my job application and personal resume. So, I have to turn to you forrevising it. I willbe very grateful if you can help me.‎ Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 亲爱的Ms Jenkins: ‎ 我叫李华，我写信给你是希望你能帮我一个忙。‎ 我打算在一家外资公司做兼职工作。但是我在写求职申请和个人简历上遇到一些困难。因此，我不得不求助于你帮我修改一下。如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。‎ 盼望尽早收到你的回复。‎ 谨上，‎ 李华 ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．observe vt.观察；注意到；遵守；庆祝；评论 ‎　[教材原句]　As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat.‎ 当波莉打量地铁车厢里的乘客时，她感觉有个穿着黑色大衣的高个子男人一直在看着她。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中observe的含义 ‎①Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe traditional customs.遵守 ‎②People of many Western countriesobserve Christmas.庆祝 ‎③The scientist devoted most of his lifetime to observing the behavior of the chimps.观察 ‎④This educational method was first observedin 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues.(2017·江苏高考阅读)注意到 ‎⑤Did your friends observe on your unusual dress？评论 ‎(1)observe Christmas/New Year's Day/festivals　　庆祝圣诞/元旦/节日 observe ‎(2)observation n．　　　　　观察；注意；监视 observer n. 遵守者，观察者；观察员 ‎⑥The birds have been observed using (use) tools they've made out of long, narrow Pandanus leaves to dig worms out of logs.‎ 人们已经观察到鸟儿用它们由又长又窄的露兜树叶造出的工具去挖原木中的虫子。‎ ‎⑦Observers (observe) say the trip had a political message that China is developing new trade routes and new markets.‎ 观察家说，这一行程透露出一个政治信息：中国正在开发新的贸易路线和新的市场。‎ ‎[名师点津]　observe用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式需带to。‎ ‎⑧The thief was observed to_open (open) the window and run away.‎ 有人发现贼打开窗户逃跑了。‎ ‎[一言串记]　When weobserve festivals, we must observe the traffic regulations. If we observe someone runninga red light, we should stop him.‎ 当我们庆祝节日的时候，我们必须遵守交通规则。如果我们注意到有人闯红灯，就应该阻止他。‎ ‎2．approach vt.靠近，接近；着手处理n.靠近；方法；路径 ‎　[教材原句]　As she walked along the narrow street, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching,but by the time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone.‎ 当她沿着狭窄的街道走着时，她听到了一阵脚步声正在靠近，可当她走到街道拐角处时，脚步声又消失了。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中approach的含义 ‎①As you approachpeople, be polite.(2017·6月浙江高考阅读七选五)接近 ‎②We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.方法 ‎③He thought of several ways of approachingthis problem.着手处理 ‎(1)(an) approach to (doing) ... (做/解决)……的方法；到……的通路或途径 ‎(2)approach sb. about (doing) sth. 与某人接洽(做)某事 with ... approaching 随着……的临近 ‎④We need to try other approaches to solving (solve) the problem.‎ 我们需要尝试其他方法来解决这个问题。‎ ‎⑤The charity approached several stores about giving food aid to the disaster area.‎ 慈善机构接洽了好几家商店，为灾区提供食物援助。‎ ‎⑥With_winter_approaching,_a group of wild geese are flying south.‎ 随着冬天的临近，一群大雁正在南飞。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“(做)……的方法”的表达还有：‎ the way to do/of (doing) sth., the means of (doing) sth., the method of (doing) sth.等。‎ ‎3．anxious adj.焦虑的，忧虑的；不安的 ‎　[教材原句]　“Of course. You really shouldn't feel anxious.” He held her hand more firmly.‎ ‎“当然了。你真的不必担心。”他更加坚定地握住她的手。‎ ‎(1)be anxious for/about　　　为……担心/担忧 be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事 be anxious that ...(should) do sth. 希望……‎ ‎(2)anxiety n. 忧虑；担心；渴望 with anxiety 焦虑地 ‎(3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地 ‎①Some think drinking is beneficial while others are anxious about/for it.‎ 有些人认为喝酒有益，而有些人对此担心。‎ ‎②Her family was poor so the girl was anxious to_finish (finish) school and get a job.‎ 这个女孩由于家贫，渴望毕业去找工作。‎ ‎③Poetry written from the perspective of urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety (anxious) over a lack of sense of belonging.‎ 从城市青年的角度写的诗歌往往揭示了他们因缺乏归属感而产生的焦虑。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“渴望做某事或渴望得到某物”的常用短语还有：long/desire/be eager/be ‎ dying to do sth. “渴望做某事”；long/desire/be eager/be dying for sth. “渴望得到某物”。‎ ‎4．relief n．轻松，宽慰；(痛苦、忧虑等的)解除，减轻；救济 ‎　[教材原句]　“Thank you so much for coming to my aid，”said Polly in relief.‎ 波莉松了口气说：“非常感谢你来帮助我。”‎ ‎(1)in relief　　　　　　　如释重负；松了口气 to one's relief 令人感到欣慰的是 with relief 宽慰地 It's a relief to do sth. 做某事是令人欣慰的事 What a relief! 可轻松了！‎ ‎(2)relieve vt. 使轻松，宽慰；缓解 relieve sb. of sth. 解除某人……方面的负担 ‎①It's a relief to get out of the classroom once in a while.‎ 偶尔走出教室去透透气也是一种调剂。‎ ‎②To_my_great_relief,_the difficulties were all overcome.‎ 使我感到欣慰的是，困难全都克服了。‎ ‎③If this view is correct, we will_be_relieved_of the great part of our difficulty.‎ 如果这种看法是正确的，我们就可以减轻大部分的困难。‎ ‎5．recognize vt.认识，辨认出；意识到；(正式)承认 ‎　[教材原句]　Scientists used to believe that mothers recognize their children by sight only.‎ 科学家们过去常常认为母亲只是通过视觉来辨认自己的孩子。‎ ‎(1)recognize sb./sth.by/from ...‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　根据……认出某人/某物 be recognized to be/as ...‎ 被认为是……，被认作……‎ It is generally recognized that ...‎ 人们公认……‎ ‎(2)recognition n. 　认识；认出 out of/beyond recognition 　认不出来 ‎①Henry Ⅱ was the first king to be recognized as overlord of Ireland.‎ 亨利二世是第一位被承认为爱尔兰领主的国王。‎ ‎②It_is_recognized_that_environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.‎ 人们一致认为环境污染已经成为人们面临的最严重的问题之一。‎ ‎③The city has been built up so fast that it has changed beyond recognition (recognize)．‎ 这座城市建设得真快，已看不出它原来的面貌了。‎ ‎6．attach vt.(使)与……有联系，把……附在……上；认为……重要；使依附 ‎　[教材原句]　During the operation, Mr Liu had a new hand attached.‎ 在手术中，刘先生被接上了一只新手。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中attach的含义 ‎①With the skin gone, to what can the hair attach itself? 把……附在……上 ‎②The high school is attached to that university. 使依附 ‎③We mustattach importance to the education of the children.认为……重要 ‎(1)attach ... to ..　　　将……附在……‎ attach importance/significance/value to ...‎ 认为……有重要性/意义/价值(to为介词)‎ ‎(2)attached adj. 依恋的；附属的；喜欢的 be attached to 喜欢；依附于；隶属于 ‎④Father asked me to attach_a_stamp_to the envelope and mail it.‎ 父亲要我在信封上贴邮票，然后寄出去。‎ ‎⑤To sum up, society, schools and families should attach_great_importance_to hardship education for all students.‎ 总之，社会、学校和家庭都应该重视对全体学生的艰苦教育。‎ ‎⑥This hospital attached (attach) to the medical college was destroyed in the earthquake.‎ 隶属于医科大学的那家医院在地震中被毁了。‎ ‎7．likely adj.可能的 ‎　[经典例句]　Rain is likely in most of the country today.‎ 今天全国大部分地区都可能有雨。‎ be likely to do sth.　　可能做某事 It is likely that ... 很可能……‎ not/less likely 不可能；(口语)大概不会 ‎①The harvest is_likely_to_be good this year.‎ 今年的收成可能会好。‎ ‎②You are likely to_suffer (suffer) from bad health if you keep smoking.‎ ‎＝It_is_likely_that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.‎ 如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。‎ ‎③It_isn't_likely_that I should accept such an offer as that.‎ 我不可能接受像那样的帮助。‎ ‎8．employ vt.使用；雇佣 ‎　[教材原句]　During both World WarⅠandⅡ， pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front line, saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories.‎ 在第一次和第二次世界大战期间，鸽子被军队用来从前线来回携带信息，拯救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。‎ ‎(1)employ sb. as ...　　　　　雇佣某人任……‎ employ sb. to do sth. 雇佣某人做某事 employ oneself in doing sth.‎ ‎＝be employed in doing sth. 忙于做某事 ‎(2)employer n. 雇主 employee n. 雇员；受雇者 employment n. 职业；工作；使用 ‎(3)unemployed adj. 失业的；未被利用的 ‎①She was employing herself in watering the flowers, so she didn't notice what was happening.‎ ‎＝She was_employed_in_watering the flowers, so she didn't notice what was happening.‎ ‎＝Employed_in_watering the flowers, she didn't notice what was happening.‎ 她忙着浇花，没有注意到发生的一切。‎ ‎②The employment (employ) prospects for science graduates are excellent.‎ 理科毕业生的就业前景非常好。‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．glance vi.& n．瞥一眼，匆匆看；扫视 ‎　写出句中黑体部分的含义 ‎①She walked off withouta glance at me. 瞥一眼 ‎②While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. 瞥一眼，匆匆看 ‎③The girl glanced around to see if there was anyone that she knew.环视 ‎④At first glance the problem seemed easy. 乍一看 ‎⑤After work, I usually glance through newspapers, and listen to the news on radio or watch TV.浏览 ‎2．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇 ‎　(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Don't hesitate to_tell (tell) them that the background noises are getting in the ‎ way.(2018·日照模拟)‎ ‎②After some hesitation (hesitate) he came out with the truth.‎ ‎(2)一句多译 她毫不犹豫地接受了我的提议。‎ ‎③She didn't_hesitate_to_accept my offer.‎ ‎④She accepted my offer without_hesitation.‎ ‎3．ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会 ‎　(1)单句语法填空 ‎①To our surprise, some people are ignorant (ignore) of the facts about global warming. ‎ ‎②They are in complete ignorance (ignore) of my plans.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 ‎③我提了个建议，可是她不理睬。‎ I made a suggestion, but she_ignored_it.‎ ‎④他承认自己对于他们的家庭收入一无所知。‎ He confessed himself that he_was_ignorant_of/about_their_family_income.‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．On seeing smoke from the market, he panicked (panic) and ran as fast as he could to safety.‎ ‎2．You should have your photo attached (attach) to the application before handing it in. ‎ ‎3．He searched for a sign of recognition (recognize) on her face, but there was none.‎ ‎4．Some people are rather proud of not being ignorant (ignore) of such an important matter.‎ ‎5．We may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety (anxious) and depression.‎ ‎6．She told me some approaches to learning English well.‎ ‎7．To our great relief, the accident caused little damage. ‎ ‎8．If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely to_bring (bring) your work home.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The mother was standing at the gate, anxiously to see her son.anxiously→anxious ‎2．Though he tried many approaches for solving the problem, he failed at last.for→to ‎3．Bruce was observed leave the building with two young men and take a taxi away.leave前加to ‎4．As time goes by, I attach more significance in doing what I am doing now.in→to ‎5．Most of the students recognize Tom be a top student.be前加to ‎6．Nervous suspects locked up in the police station may feel relief by a pleasant yellow colour on the wall.relief→relieved ‎7．Students should help and learn from each other, and a friendship is likely to formed.formed前加be Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译)‎ ‎1．我不等了，我急于离开。‎ I don't want to wait, and I am_anxious_to_leave.‎ ‎2．在我看来，他很可能知道答案。‎ It seems to me that he is_likely_to_know_the_answer.‎ ‎3．令我非常欣慰的是，我在最后一分钟赶上了最后一班火车。‎ Much_to_my_relief/To_my_great_relief,_I was on time to catch the last train at the last minute. ‎ ‎4．每当他的朋友遇到困难时，他都会毫不犹豫地帮助他们。‎ ‎①Whenever his friends have some troubles, he won't hesitate_to_help_them.‎ ‎②Whenever his friends have some troubles, he will help them without_hesitation.‎ ‎5．随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的日子。‎ ‎①As Teachers' Day was_approaching,_ our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.(approach) ‎ ‎②With Teachers' Day approaching,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.(approach)‎ ‎③As Teachers' Day was_drawing_near,_ our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.(draw near)‎ ‎④With Teachers' Day around_the_corner,_ our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.(around the corner)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．in sight看得见，在视力范围之内 ‎[教材原句]　There was no one in sight.‎ 一个人也看不见。‎ out of sight　　　　　　　　看不见 at first sight 初看时，乍一看 at the sight of ... 一看见……‎ catch sight of 看见 lose sight of 看不见 come into sight 进入视野 ‎①When we travelled on the train from Xining to Lhasa, we were lucky to have Tibetan ‎ antelopes in_sight.‎ 当我们乘坐西宁到拉萨的火车旅行时，有幸看到了藏羚羊。‎ ‎②At_first_sight,_there is nothing special about the watch，but in fact it is a mobile phone.‎ 乍一看，这块手表没有什么特别之处，但实际上它是一部手机。‎ ‎③I caught_sight_of my former teacher just now, but he turned at a corner and I lost_sight_of him.‎ 我刚才看见了我以前的老师，但他在拐角处转弯了，我就看不见他了。‎ ‎2．reach out伸出(手)，伸手拿 ‎　[教材原句]　A few seconds later, a handreached outand grasped her arm.‎ 几秒钟后，有一只手伸了过来，抓住了她的胳膊。‎ ‎(1)reach for　　　　　　伸手去拿/去够 ‎(2)within one's reach 够得到/在某人能力范围之内 beyond/out of one's reach ‎＝beyond/out of the reach of sb.　够不到/力所不及 ‎①The manager reached_out his right hand for a book on the shelf above his head.‎ 经理伸出右手从他头上方的书架上拿一本书。‎ ‎②She put the medicine on the top shelf beyond/out_of_the_reach_of_her_son.‎ 她把药放在了儿子够不着的最上面的架子上。‎ ‎3. watch out for留心，密切注意 ‎　[教材原句]　Watch out for the step here.‎ 当心这里的台阶。‎ ‎(1)watch out　　　　小心；提防 watch for 守候，等待 watch over 看守；监视；照管 ‎(2)on watch 值班，看守 keep (a) close watch on 密切注视，严密监视 ‎①Watch_out! There's a car driving fast toward here.‎ 小心！一辆汽车快速朝这儿开来了。‎ ‎②Be careful! Watch_out_for cyclists and other runners.‎ 小心！注意骑车人和其他跑步者。‎ ‎③It is said that each country would have its own experts to watch_over the changes.‎ 据说每个国家都会有自己的专家来监视这些变化。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“当心，留神”的短语还有：look out for, take care, be careful等。‎ ‎4．Polly found_herself_staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.‎ 波莉发现自己正盯着一张长着络腮胡子的老人的脸。‎ 句中found herself staring为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语(v.ing 形式)”结构。‎ ‎(1)find后接复合宾语时常用以下形式：‎ find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ‎(2)find oneself ...“发现自己处于某种境地”，而且含有一种“在不知不觉中……”的意思。‎ ‎①It must be true that sooner or later, everyone_finds_his_or_her_wayback_tonature.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读)‎ 这是事实，迟早每个人都会找到自己的路回到大自然。‎ ‎②When he came to himself, he found himself surrounded (surround) by a group of boys.‎ 当他醒来时，发现自己被一群男孩子包围着。‎ ‎③Dick found himself walking (walk) in the direction of Mike's place.‎ 迪克发现自己正朝迈克家的方向走去。‎ ‎④She woke up and found_herself_in_a_hospital_bed.‎ 她醒来发现自己躺在医院的床上。‎ ‎⑤Lots of people find_it_hard_to_get_up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ阅读)‎ 许多人发现早上起床困难，并且把责任推到闹钟上。‎ ‎[名师点津]　find后的宾语补足语一般不用不定式，但可用to be，且常省略。‎ ‎5．Don't be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark. ‎ 不要惧怕鲨鱼，因为你被闪电击中的几率可能是被鲨鱼攻击的30倍。‎ ‎　本句结构是：倍数＋形容词比较级＋than ...。‎ ‎...times ‎①The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.‎ ‎＝The red ruler is three_times_longer_than the yellow one.‎ ‎＝The red ruler is three_times_the_length_of the yellow one.‎ 这把红尺子是黄尺子的三倍长。‎ ‎②The population now in this village is five_times_what_it_was ten years ago.‎ 现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。‎ ‎③Our grain output will be 10_times_that_of 1960.‎ 我们的粮食产量将是1960年的10倍。‎ ‎[名师点津]　在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice, 三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数、half等来替换。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 ‎1.She was so real and so close that I felt I could reach_out and touch her.‎ ‎2．We should let buyers know what to look for and what to watch_out_for.‎ ‎3．There being no one in_sight in the darkness, Mary felt very frightened.‎ ‎4．How she wished_for someone to come to her aid!‎ ‎5．The little boy fell, but he wasn't hurt and his mother looked at him in_relief.‎ ‎6．She is thinking about how to pay_back the help from her teachers and friends.‎ ‎7．My grandma rolled_up her sleeves and began to prepare supper.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．She is very likely to ring me tonight.‎ ‎→Itislikelythat she will ring me tonight.‎ ‎2．Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.‎ ‎→Childas/though he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.‎ ‎3．This bridge is three times as long as that one.‎ ‎①This bridge is three times longerthan that one.‎ ‎②This bridge is three times thelengthof that one.‎ ‎4．I didn't know the fact until he told me.(用强调句型)‎ ‎→Itwasnotuntil he told me that I knew the fact.‎ Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．他试了试，发现门没有锁。‎ He tried the door and found_it_unlocked.‎ ‎2．无论她到哪里，都有成群的人希望见到她。‎ Wherever_she_goes,_there are crowds of people wishing_for seeing her.‎ ‎3．现在学生的数量是十年前的两倍。‎ The number of the students now is twice_what_it_was ten years ago.‎ ‎4．他很有可能会同意这个计划。‎ It_is_very_likely_that he will agree with the plan.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 attach， recognize， disability， attract， hesitate， catch sight of， reach out， watch out for ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①我们应该重视我们的五种感觉。一旦丧失了其中的一种感觉，我们就会被看成是残疾人。‎ We should attach_great_importance to our five senses. Once we lose one of the senses, we will be_recognized_as__people__with_disability.‎ ‎②我们或许会看不到周围的任何东西，或许任何声音都不能引起我们的注意。‎ We may not catch_sight_of__anything around us, or no sound can__attract_our_attention.‎ ‎③我们要当心我们的感官，减少受伤害的机会。‎ So we should watch_out_for__our_senses and reduce the chance of being hurt.‎ ‎④我们要毫不犹豫地伸出援手帮助需要帮助的人。‎ We should not hesitate_to_reach_out_to_help_people in need.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 用状语从句的省略形式改写句①‎ We_should_attach_great_importance_to_our_five_senses._Once_losing_one_of_the_senses,__we_will_be_recognized_as_people_with_disability.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：so, meanwhile)‎ We should attach great importance to our five senses. Once losing one of the senses, we will be recognized as people with disability. We may not catch sight of anything around us, or no sound can attract our attention. So we should watch out for our senses and reduce the chance of being hurt. Meanwhile we should not hesitate to reach out to help people in need.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——并列主从复合句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 In the main type, the shark attacks you because it mistakes you for a fish, but when it tastes human flesh it decides to give up and swims away.‎ 本句是并列主从复合句。but连接两个复合句。第一个复合句中，because引导原因状语从句。第二个复合句中，when引导时间状语从句。‎ 毕竟，“小诗”给了我对诗歌的热爱，不是因为是那首诗提起了我的精神，而是因为它伤害我最深。‎ 真题长难句 After all，“Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.(2016·上海高考)‎ 本句是并列主从复合句。not ... but ...连接两个并列的原因状语从句。其中第一个原因状语从句中使用了强调句型，第二个原因状语从句中含有that引导的定语从句。‎ ‎ “助人为乐”话题的文章多以记叙文、夹叙夹议文的形式出现在高考试题的语篇测试中，多以作者的家人、朋友等的生活经历为背景，以感恩、传递爱等的情感发展为主线，命题人希望以此达到既能选拔人才，又能教育人、培养人和发展人的目的。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·北京高考)‎ Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada. One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man __36__ out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. Hannah was very __37__. She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food. Hannah started to think about how she could __38__， but, of course, there is not a lot one fiveyearold can do to solve (解决) the problem of homelessness.‎ Later, when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person. It was a woman, __39__ an old shopping trolley (购物车) which was piled with __40__. It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. This made Hannah very sad, and even more __41__ to do something. She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people __42__ they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad, she wouldn't __43__ as bad.‎ Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other provinces. She hoped to __44__ her message of hope and awareness. She started the Ladybug Foundation, an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness. She began to __45__ “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to __46__ to the cause. She also organized a fundraising (募捐) drive in “Ladybug Jars” to collect everyone's spare change during “Make Change” month. More recently, the foundation began another __47__ called National Red Scarf Day — a day when people donate D|S20 and wear red scarves in support of Canada's __48__ and homeless.‎ There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah's Place”， something that Hannah is very __49__ of. Hannah's Place is divided into several areas, providing shelter for people when it is so cold that __50__ outdoors can mean death. In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of __51__. For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the __52__ of young people to change the world. But __53__ all this, Hannah still has the __54__ life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.‎ Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a __55__ in the world.‎ ‎ You can, too!‎ ‎36．A.jumping　　　　　　　　 B．eating C．crying D．waving ‎37．A.annoyed B．nervous C．ashamed D．upset ‎38．A.behave B．manage C．help D．work ‎39．A.pushing B．carrying C．buying D．holding ‎40．A.goods B．bottles C．foods D．bags ‎41．A.excited B．determined C．energetic D．grateful ‎42．A.since B．unless C．although D．as ‎43．A.sound B．get C．feel D．look ‎44．A.exchange B．leave C．keep D．spread ‎45．A.sell B．deliver C．host D．pack ‎46．A.contribute B．lead C．apply D．agree ‎47．A.campaign B．trip C．procedure D．trial ‎48．A.elderly B．hungry C．lonely D．sick ‎49．A.aware B．afraid C．proud D．sure ‎50．A.going B．sleeping C．travelling D．playing ‎51．A.praises B．invitations C．replies D．appointments ‎52．A.needs B．interests C．dreams D．efforts ‎53．A.for B．through C．besides D．along ‎54．A.healthy B．public C．normal D．tough ‎55．A.choice B．profit C．judgement D．difference ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 ‎1．抓首句，明文体，确保读文方向不跑偏 由文章首句“Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada.”和文中关键信息句“One day, when she was five years old” “Later, when Hannah attended school”可知本文为记叙文。‎ ‎2．抓关键词(话题词、行为动词)，巧串联，理顺文脉明主旨 结合文中“shelter or enough food, the problem of homelessness, fundraising”等话题词汇和“solve, speak out, getting rid of”等关键信息词汇可知，本文是有关“帮助他人”的故事。本文的行文脉络如下：‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位心地善良的小女孩在两次目睹了忍受饥饿、无家可归的人的悲惨生活后，竭尽所能地给予他们帮助。女孩的善举感染了很多人。‎ ‎36．选B　根据下文中的“her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry”可知，那个人从垃圾桶里寻找食物吃。‎ ‎37．选D　根据上文可知，汉娜看到有人在垃圾桶里寻找食物吃，又根据下文她的反应可知，她很难过，故选D。‎ ‎38．选C　根据后半句中的“there is not a lot one fiveyearold can do to solve (解决) the problem of homelessness”可知，汉娜想伸出援助之手。help“帮助”。‎ ‎39．选A　根据语境可知，此处表示一位无家可归的女人推着一辆旧的购物车。push“‎ 推动”。‎ ‎40．选D　文中讲，一位无家可归的女人推着一辆旧的购物车，购物车中堆满了包裹，那个女人所有的家当好像都在这些包裹里。根据语境可知，此处用bags。‎ ‎41．选B　看到这些无家可归、缺少食物的人，汉娜决心要帮助他们。determined“坚定的，坚决的”。‎ ‎42．选A　自从汉娜与母亲第一次遇到无家可归的人以来，她一直与母亲谈论着无家可归的人的生活状况。根据语境可知，此处用since引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎43．选C　汉娜的母亲告诉她，如果她做一些事来改变这个问题，那她就不会感觉这么难过了。根据语境可知，空格处用动词feel。‎ ‎44．选D　根据上文的“Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other provinces.”可知，汉娜想把希望传播下去，并提高人们的意识，从而呼吁人们关注无家可归的人。spread“传播”。‎ ‎45．选C　汉娜开始举办“大老板”午餐，她将试图说服当地的商界领袖为这一事业做出贡献。host“主持，作为主人招待”。‎ ‎46．选A　参见上题解析。contribute to“捐献，捐助，为……做出贡献”。‎ ‎47．选A　根据文中的“people donate D|S20 and wear red scarves”可知，此处表示一种活动。campaign“(为取得某种结果而进行的政治、商业或社会性的)运动，活动”。‎ ‎48．选B　根据第一段中的“She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.”可知，此处应用形容词hungry。‎ ‎49．选C　根据下文可知，“Hannah's Place”分布在好几个区，给人们提供躲避严寒的地方，这使她感到骄傲(proud)。‎ ‎50．选B　文中讲，在寒冷的天气，睡(sleeping)在户外意味着死亡。‎ ‎51．选A　由下文的“For example，she received the 2007 BRICK Award”可知，别人给予汉娜很多肯定和赞扬。praise“赞扬，称赞”。‎ ‎52．选D　“2007 BRICK Award”这个奖项认可像汉娜一样的年轻人为改变世界而做出的努力。effort“努力”。‎ ‎53．选B　此处指“但是在她做所有这些事的过程中”，故用through。‎ ‎54．选C　汉娜依然过着普通校园女生的正常生活，只是常常去探望无家可归的人。normal“正常的，平常的”。‎ ‎55．选D　汉娜是通过努力改变世界的年轻人之一。make a difference“使变得不同，有影响”。‎ ‎[完形填空系列技法2]　利用褒贬语境，判断是非曲直 几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态，以及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章语境的褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，在吃透文章并准确传递文章信息的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息。如何利用语境的褒贬性对完形填空进行信息推断呢？方法是认真阅读原文，找出反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，并大胆预测下文。‎ 例如第37题，由上文“her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry”和下文“She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.”可知，Hannah心怀同情、悲悯，因此看到有人在垃圾桶里翻找食物吃时，她很难过；第51题，下文提到“she received the 2007 BRICK Award”，由获奖可知是得到了肯定和表扬。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．upset adj.　　　　　　　　心烦意乱的；难过的 ‎2．determinedadj. 坚定的，坚决的 ‎3．shelter n. 避难所，栖息之地 ‎4．campaign n. 运动，宣传活动 ‎5．contribute to 为……作出贡献 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 假定你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home)陪老人们过重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。请给外教露西写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容包括：‎ ‎1．出发及返回时间；‎ ‎2．活动：包饺子、表演节目等。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．结束语已为你写好。‎ ‎　‎ ‎　　‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．加入到我们中去探访　　　　　join_us_for_a_visit_to_...‎ ‎2．包饺子make_dumplings ‎3．一起度过愉快时间做……spend_fun_time_togetherin_...‎ ‎4．进行表演put_on_performance ‎5．让某人高兴make_sb._happy ‎6．提高认识raise_the_awareness_of ‎7．照顾老年人care_the_elderly 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．我想邀请你下周六去附近的敬老院过重阳节。‎ I'd_like_to_invite_you_to_join_us_for_a_visit_to_the_nearby_nursing_home_next_Saturday_for_the_Double_Ninth_Festival.‎ ‎2．在我们的文化中这一天是属于老年人的。‎ It_is_the_day_for_the_elderly_in_our_culture.‎ ‎3．我们将去和那里的老人一起包饺子。‎ We'll_go_and_make_dumplings_with_the_elderly_people_there.‎ ‎4．我们将一起愉快地度过一段时间，表演一些节目如：唱歌、跳舞等。‎ We'll_spend_some_fun_time_together_putting_on_performances_such_as_singing,_dancing_and_so_on.‎ ‎5．这会使他们高兴。‎ That_will_make_them_happy.‎ ‎6．这次看望会帮我们提高照顾老人的意识。‎ This visit can help us raise the awareness of caring the elderly.‎ ‎7．如果你能和我们一起去，请让我们知道。我们将在早上9点在学校门口等你。‎ If_you_are_able_to_come_with_us,_please_let_us_know_and_we'll_wait_for_you_at_the_school_gate_at_9_in_the_morning.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 ‎1．将句1、2用which引导非限制性定语从句合并 I'd_like_to_invite_you_to_join_us_for_a_visit_to_the_nearby_nursing_home_next_Saturday_for_the_Double_Ninth_Festival,_which_is_the_day_for_the_elderly_in_our_culture.‎ ‎2．将句3、4用in order to合并 We'll_spend_some_fun_time_together_putting_on_performances_such_as_singing,_dancing_and_so_on,_in_order_to_make_them_happy.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 Dear Lucy，‎ I'd like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival, which is the day for the elderly in our culture. We'll go and make dumplings with the elderly people there. Besides, we'll spend some fun time together putting on performances such as singing, dancing and so on, in order to make them happy. Personally, this visit can help us raise the awareness of caring the elderly. We will be back around 4 o'clock in the ‎ afternoon. If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we'll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua