2018届一轮复习北师大版unit14careers教案 29页

重点识记词汇 ‎1.reward n.&vt.奖赏 ‎2.take charge of接管，控制 ‎3.summary n.摘要，总结 ‎ ‎4.consult vt.请教；查阅 ‎5.casual adj.随意的，非正式的 ‎ ‎6.quarrel vi.&n.争吵，吵架 ‎7.make up编造→make out假称；听出，看出 ‎ ‎8.get into detail(s)讨论，细谈 ‎9.speak up大声地说，自由而大胆地说出 ‎ ‎10.sit up坐直 ‎11.charge vt.收费，要价；控告；n.负责；收费；控告；主管 ‎ ‎12.basis n.基础，根据 ‎13.appointment n.约见，约会→appoint v.任命；委任；安排 14.wisdom n.智慧 ‎15.instant n.片刻，瞬息→instantly adv.立刻；马上 ‎ ‎16.believe in信仰，信任 ‎17.surrounding adj.附近的，周围的 ‎ ‎18.turn over反转 ‎19.overcome vt.战胜，克服 ‎ ‎20.pay off取得成功；取得好结果 ‎21.grasp vt.理解，领会；抓牢，抓紧 ‎ ‎22.inspect v.审查 ‎23.keep up with跟上，赶上 ‎ ‎24.decrease v.减少，降低 ‎25.operate vi.运转，运作；vt.操作 ‎ ‎26.flexible adj.灵活的，柔韧的 ‎27.envy vt.羡慕，妒忌 ‎ ‎28.bother vt.烦扰；打扰 ‎29.in case以防万一；万一 ‎ ‎30.due to由于 ‎31.commit v.投入→commitment n.承诺，保证 ‎ ‎32.in addition此外 ‎33.glory n.荣耀的事，值得骄傲的事→glorious adj.光荣的 34.existence n.生活；存在 ‎35.constantly adv.不断地→constant adj.不断的，连续的 ‎36.hesitate v.犹豫，踌躇→hesitation n.犹豫 ‎37.judgement n.判断，判断力→judge v.判断；n.法官；裁判 ‎38.respond vi.反应；回复，回答→response n.回复，回答 ‎39.comfort n.舒适，安逸→comfortable adj.舒适的 ‎40.illegal adj.非法，违法的，不合法的→legal adj.合法的 必背经典句式 ‎1.People will move around to do different jobs，rather than moving up in the company as before.‎ 人们不会像以前那样在同一个公司寻求提升，他们会多方去寻找不同的工作。‎ ‎2.The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.‎ 她一停止问问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。‎ ‎3.It’s not about making men more like women，but helping men to communicate as well.‎ 其目的不是使男性更像女性，而是帮助他们形成和女性一样良好的沟通技巧。‎ ‎4.Our reporter interviews some of our classmates and asks about the jobs they would like to do.‎ 我们的记者采访了一些同学，问他们想做什么工作。‎ ‎5.I find it a real battle being on my feet all the time like that.‎ 我发现像那样总是站着真的是一场战斗。‎ 构词记忆 　musician /ˌmjuː′zIʃən/n.[C]音乐家；作曲家 physician /fI′zIʃən/n.[C]医生；内科医生 politician /ˌpɒlə′tIʃn/n.[C]政治家；政客 Ⅰ.词汇与派生 A．语境填词 ‎1．The government offered ten thousand yuan as the reward(奖金) for his contribution in the field.‎ ‎2．Her decision seems to show a lack of political judgement(评判)．‎ ‎3．Tell me how to operate(操作) the electronic computer，will you?‎ ‎4．This hotel charged(收费) me ￡5 for a room for one night.‎ ‎5．I recognized my teacher instantly(一……就……) I saw her.‎ ‎6．Have you consulted(咨询) a doctor about your headache?‎ ‎7．He couldn’t conceal his envy(忌妒) of me.‎ ‎8．Tell her to make a timetable so she can finish the plot summary(总结) on time.‎ ‎9．The surrounding(周围的) villages are using it for agriculture.‎ ‎10．Instead of doing everything for them，parents should encourage their children to overcome(克服) difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves.‎ B．用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎11．Sue rang up to make an appointment (appoint) with the doctor.‎ ‎12．A peaceloving China will not hesitate (hesitation) to take necessary action when its core interests are violated.‎ ‎13．She is always bucking about her glorious (glory) past.‎ ‎14．It is illegal (legal) to carry guns without permission.‎ ‎15．I was unaware of his existence (exist) until now.‎ ‎16．His report was constantly (constant) interrupted by applause.‎ ‎17．Wealth empowered him to live a comfortable (comfort) life.‎ Ⅱ.短语运用 A．用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空 ‎ pay off，turn over，give up，be bored with，be connected with，keep up with，take risks，apply for，stand out，look forward to ‎18．Turn over the stone and probably you will find an ant family there.‎ ‎19．We will have more money to spend after we pay off our mortgage.‎ ‎20．The students are bored with eating the same kind of box lunch every day.‎ ‎21．The quality of the products is connected with the quality of their makers.‎ ‎22．Never give up，for when one door is closed，a window is open for you.‎ ‎23．I had to run to keep up with the girls.‎ ‎24．Some fans are looking forward to seeing the famous star who is coming to perform in this city.‎ ‎25．If you want to stand out among all the students，you’ll have to work much harder than before.‎ ‎26．Many university graduates will apply for this position if you quit your job.‎ ‎27．You have to take risks if you want to succeed in business.‎ B．用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 ‎ in addition，without doubt，a variety of，in case，in demand，due to ‎28.To some extent，this is due to the nature of the world around it.‎ ‎29．Good secretaries are always in demand in our company.‎ ‎30．Write the telephone number down in case you forget it.‎ ‎31．Without doubt，she is the best nurse in the hospital.‎ ‎32．Society is made up of a variety of people；some are good，others bad and still others in between.‎ ‎33．I won’t go out now. It’s very cold outside.In addition，it is very late now.‎ Ⅲ.经典句式 ‎34．John，rather than his teammates，is to blame.‎ 要受责备的是约翰，而不是他的队友们。‎ ‎35．She began to cry the instant she read the letter.‎ 她一读信就开始哭了。‎ ‎36．I’ll behave toward them as I would like to be treated. ‎ 我会以希望别人对待我的方式来对待他们。‎ ‎37．I found it easy to work out the problem.I could do it by myself. ‎ 我发现解决这个问题很容易。我自己能做出来。‎ ‎38．Not father but mother was present at the ceremony.‎ 不是父亲而是母亲出席了此仪式。‎ ‎1 ‎[应试指导]　in reward for作为高级词汇替换in return for in reward for为奖赏……‎ as a reward for作为对……的奖赏 reward sb.for sth.因某事而奖赏某人 reward sb.with sth.用某物回报某人 He was given a medal as a reward for his service.‎ 作为对所提供服务的奖赏，他得到了一枚奖章。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 语法填空 ‎(1)His efforts，I’m sure，will be rewarded(reward) with remarkable success in time.‎ ‎(2)What can I do in reward for your help?‎ ‎(3)She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile.‎ ‎2 charge n.要价，收费；指控，控告；指责，谴责；主管，掌管(the control over)；负责；v.收(费)，要价(ask an amount of money for...)；控告，起诉；指责(accuse sb.of)；充电 ‎[应试指导]　熟词新义的考查 charge sb.with (doing)＝accuse sb.of (doing)指控某人犯……罪 charge sb.money for sth.因某物收某人钱 free of charge免费,in charge of掌管(表状态) take charge of掌管(表动作) in the charge of由……掌管，受约束于……‎ She charged me 24 for the book.‎ 这本书她向我要价24美元。‎ A week later，I volunteered to take charge of English study in my class.‎ 一个星期以后，我自愿负责班级里的英语学习。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)Police have charged Mr.Bell with murder.‎ Police have accused Mr.Bell of murder.(用accuse改写句子)‎ ‎(2)He is in charge of the class.‎ ‎①The class is in the charge of him.(用the class作主语改写句子)‎ ‎②He takes charge of the class.(用take charge of改写句子)‎ ‎(3)Mr.Bell，who is in charge of the class，has been charged with murder by police.(用定语从句连接(1)(2)原句)‎ ‎3 with the aid of sb.＝with one’s aid在某人的帮助下 in aid of用以援助/帮助 do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid进行急救 aid sb.to do/with sth.帮助某人做某事 come/go to one’s aid来/去帮助某人 He succeeded with the aid of a completely new method he discovered.‎ 借助于自己发现的一种全新的方法，他获得了成功。‎ The hunt for her killer will continue，with police aided by the army and air force.‎ 警方将在陆军和空军的帮助下，继续追踪谋杀她的凶手。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 语法填空 ‎(1)With the aid of computers，he finished his novel ahead of time.‎ ‎(2)Nobody came to her aid when she was in trouble.‎ ‎(3)They aided the poor country with money.‎ ‎4 ‎[多词一义]　consult，refer to，turn to，look up consult a dictionary查字典 consult sb.请教某人 consult with sb.about/on sth.就……与某人商量 She consulted her doctor about her disease.‎ 她向她的医师求诊。‎ I consulted with a friend of mine about this matter.‎ 我就此事与我的一个朋友商量。‎ ‎[图解助记]‎ ‎[特别提醒]‎ consult用作“请教；咨询；查阅”解时，是及物动词；作“商量”解时，多用作不及物动词，后跟with sb.，意为“和某人商量”。‎ ‎[词义辨析]　consult，refer to，look up 都可以用来表示“查阅、参考”的意义，但是其宾语有所不同：‎ consult (refer to)＋a book/dictionary/encyclopedia，etc.‎ look up sth.in a book/dictionary/encyclopedia，etc.‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 用consult，refer to，look up的适当形式填空 ‎(1)Consult your doctor about how much exercise you should attempt.‎ ‎(2)Let me just refer to/consult my notes for the exact figures.‎ ‎(3)When I come across something unknown，I will look it up in a reference book.‎ ‎5 ‎[应试指导]　过去分词作状语的考查 surroundings n.环境 surround vt.围绕；环绕 surround...with...使……包围……‎ be surrounded with/by被……包围 The surrounding cities require their factories to use advanced equipment for reducing air pollution.‎ 周围的城市要求工厂使用先进的设备来降低空气污染。‎ As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness.‎ 幼年时我备受关爱。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)用surround的适当形式填空 ‎①The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city.‎ ‎②Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.‎ ‎③He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself surrounded.‎ ‎(2)The Swiss can feel secure because they are surrounded by Europe.‎ Surrounded by Europe，the Swiss can feel secure.(用过去分词作原因状语改写句子)‎ ‎6 ‎[多词一义]　commit，do，act，carry on，perform，practice commit a crime犯罪 commit suicide自杀 commit to doing...答应做……‎ commit oneself to (doing) sth.答应做……‎ make a commitment to do...答应做……‎ committed adj.尽责的 I have never committed any crime.‎ 我从来没犯过罪。‎ There are unconfirmed reports that he has tried to commit suicide.‎ 有未经证实的报道说他曾企图自杀。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 语法填空 ‎(1)On balance，I think I would rather not commit myself to going (go) with you.‎ ‎(2)We made a commitment (commit) to keep working together.‎ ‎(3)Chang’e3’s soft landing proves that，with commitment and determination, all obstacles can be overcome.‎ ‎(4)The government committed itself to reducing taxes.‎ ‎(5)A robbery was committed(commit) near here last night.‎ ‎7 come into existence产生；成立；开始存在 in existence存在 exist vi.存在(be present)；生活，生存(live) exist in存在于……之中 exist on靠……为生 There exists/existed...某地有……；存在……‎ This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence.‎ 这是现存最早的希伯来语手稿。‎ They can’t exist on the money he’s earning.‎ 他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)用exist的适当形式填空 ‎①There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.‎ ‎②Do you know when the Marriage Law came into existence?‎ ‎(2)选择方框内的短语填空 ‎①He could hardly exist on such a low wage.‎ ‎②Some substances unknown are in existence naturally.‎ ‎③These programs didn’t exist in the 1930s.‎ ‎8 ‎[应试指导]　写作中用do...without hesitation代替don’t hesitate to do...‎ hesitate to do...迟疑做……；不愿做……‎ hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth.对(做)某事犹豫不决 without hesitation毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事 She hesitated a long time and then said “Yes”.‎ 她犹豫了很长时间，然后才说“行”。‎ I will not hesitate to make unpopular decisions.‎ 我会毫不犹豫地作出并不受欢迎的决定。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)语法填空 ‎①Seeing(see) the girl struggling in the lake，he threw himself in the icy water without hesitation, and saved her from drowning.‎ ‎②He never hesitates to help(help) me whenever I’m in trouble.‎ ‎(2)I would decline the post without hesitation.‎ I would have no hesitation in declining the post.(用have no hesitation in...改写句子)‎ ‎9 in one’s judgement依某人看来 judge n.裁判员；法官；vt.判定；判断；判决(form an opinion about sth.or decide a result of sth.) judge sb./sth.(to be)...判断某人(事)……‎ judging from/by...根据……判断 Judging by the look on his face，the news must have been terrible.‎ 从他脸上的表情判断，这条消息肯定很糟糕。‎ Her decision seems to show a lack of political judgement.‎ 她的决定似乎显示出缺乏政治判断力。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ In my judgement，all of them are to blame.‎ ‎(1)In my opinion，all of them are to blame.(用opinion改写句子)‎ ‎(2)As far as I am concerned，all of them are to blame.(用concern改写句子)‎ ‎10 operate on/upon sb.给某人动手术 be in operation在运转；在行动中；在实施中 come/go into operation开始工作(生效) put/bring into operation实施；实行 operator (电话)接线员 The department store is well operated.‎ 这家百货公司经营得很好。‎ Do you know how to operate the heating system?‎ 你知道怎么操作这个加热系统吗？‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 用operate的适当形式填空 ‎(1)This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.‎ ‎(2)In the good care of the nurses，the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation.‎ ‎(3)He dialed the operator and put in a call for Rome.‎ ‎11 envy sb.(for) sth.妒忌或羡慕某人某事 feel envy at/of...对……感到妒忌或羡慕 out of envy出于妒忌,with envy忌妒地；羡慕地 become/be the envy of...成为……忌妒或羡慕的目标/对象 I envy you having such a close family.‎ 我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。‎ Her many talents were the envy of all her friends.‎ 她多才多艺，所有的朋友都很羡慕她。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 语法填空 ‎(1)He looked with envy at his neighbour’s new car.‎ ‎(2)Her beauty is the envy of all her friends.‎ ‎(3)You have no idea how I envy your talent.‎ ‎(4)He couldn’t hide his envy at/of his brother’s success.‎ ‎12 ‎[应试指导]　交际用语中的用法 bother about sth.为某事烦恼 bother sb.with sth.为某事打扰某人 bother doing sth.花费精力做某事 bother to do sth.特意(地)做某事 bother oneself about为……操心/焦虑/困扰 Most of the papers didn’t even bother reporting it.‎ 大多数报纸甚至懒得去报道这件事。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)语法填空 ‎①Don’t bother about getting dinner for me.‎ ‎②Don’t bother me with little things like that.‎ ‎③I don’t want to put you to any bother.‎ ‎(2)如今很多人不再费心思举行婚礼。(翻译句子)‎ Lots of people don’t bother to go through a marriage ceremony these days.‎ ‎13 be in a panic处在恐慌中 get into a panic陷入恐慌 in panic惊慌失措地 panic sb.into doing sth.使某人惊慌地做某事 I phoned the police in a panic，crying that I’d lost the baby.‎ 我惊慌失措地给警察打电话，哭着说我的孩子丢了。‎ She refused to be panicked into a hasty marriage.‎ 她不愿因恐慌而仓促结婚。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 语法填空 ‎(1)I’m in a panic about getting everything done in time.‎ ‎(2)Shoppers are panicked into buying things they don’t need.‎ ‎(3)The crowd ran out in panic.‎ ‎1 be made up of由……组成(构成) make up for弥补；补偿 be made of/from由……制成 be made into把……制成……‎ be made out of由……制成 make it获得成功；约定时间 make out看清；分清；辨认清楚 Women officers make up 13 per cent of the police force.女警占警力的13%。‎ ‎[特别提醒]‎ make up和make up for都可作“弥补”解，但是make up的宾语是直接可以弥补的东西，如耽误了一节课可以把这节课补上，而make up for的宾语是不能直接弥补的东西，只是通过另一种形式弥补，比如丢失的时间。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 写出下列句子中make up的汉语意思 ‎(1)North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.组成，构成 ‎(2)I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him.编造 ‎(3)She spent too much time making herself up.化妆 ‎(4)Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？补上 ‎(5)They never made up the quarrel.和好 ‎2 pay off得到好结果(bring a good result)；付清(finish paying the money)；(付清工资后)解雇；取得成功(be successful) ‎[应试指导]　作为高级词汇替换succeed，be successful ‎ pay for付……的钱；为……而付出代价 pay back偿还；向……报复 pay up总算付清全部欠款；还清 pay a visit to访问 It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.‎ 他得用余生来还清那笔贷款。‎ I had a hard time getting him to pay up.‎ 我好不容易让他还清了全部欠款。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 选择方框内的短语填空 ‎(1)Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.‎ ‎(2)Can you lend me 10？I’ll pay you back on Friday.‎ ‎(3)—Dad，I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.‎ ‎—I see.I’ll go right away and pay him off.‎ ‎3 keep it up保持优秀成绩；继续干下去 keep up保持 keep back忍住；隐瞒 keep down抵制；控制 keep off不接近，让开；不让……接近，挡开 keep sth.in mind把某事记在心里 keep an eye on留神注意；照看 John has to study hard to keep up with his classmates.‎ 约翰得努力学习才能跟上他的同学们。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 选择方框内的短语填空 ‎(1)They lit a fire to keep off wild animals.‎ ‎(2)Neither of them is telling the whole truth.Obviously，they keep something back.‎ ‎(3)Even wellestablished companies can scarcely keep up with demand.‎ ‎(4)You can use farm chemicals to keep down the weeds.‎ ‎4 ‎[应试指导]　(1)in no case位于句首时倒装的考查　(2)case作先行词时定语从句的考查 in most cases在大多数情况下；在大多数场合下 in case of万一……，如果发生……‎ in any case无论如何，总之 in no case决不(置于句首，引起倒装) as is often the case这是常有的事 as the case may be视情况而定，看状况 as the case stands现阶段下，以目前的情况看 It may rain；you’d better take an umbrella in case.‎ 可能会下雨，你最好带把伞，以防万一。‎ In no case should you give up.你决不应该放弃。‎ ‎[思考题]‎ 表达“决不”的短语还有：at no time，by no means，under no circumstances，on no account，in no way，on no condition，on no consideration等。‎ ‎ [特别提醒]‎ ‎(1)in case可单独使用，也可后接句子，跟句子时，从句中可用虚拟语气(should) do。‎ ‎(2)当case作先行词且定语从句中不缺少主干成分时，要用where引导定语从句。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)选择方框内的短语填空 ‎①As is often the case with him，he was late for class.‎ ‎②Keep the windows closed in case it rains.‎ ‎③In no case have I noticed that.‎ ‎(2)语法填空 ‎①I’ll be out for some time.In case anything important happens/(should) happen(happen)，call me up immediately.‎ ‎②As is often the case，she is punctual.‎ ‎③Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.‎ ‎1 The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.她一停止问问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。‎ the instant作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：the moment，the minute，the second，the first time，the day，the week，the month，the year，each/every/next/any/last time，immediately，instantly，directly等。‎ He paid back the money he owed us the instant he returned home.‎ 他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。‎ ‎[特别提醒]‎ for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ I fell in love with you the moment I saw you.‎ ‎(1)I fell in love with you as soon as I saw you.(用as soon as改写句子)‎ ‎(2)I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you.(用以ly结尾的连词改写句子)‎ ‎2 People will move around to do different jobs，rather than moving up in the company as before.人们不会像以前那样在同一个公司寻求提升，他们会多方去寻找不同的工作。‎ rather than而不是；宁肯；宁愿；与其……不如……‎ would rather do A than do B＝would do A rather than do B　宁愿做A而不愿做B would rather＋从句，宁愿……(从句中用一般过去时表示与现在、将来事实相反的假设；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的假设) prefer to do A rather than do B　比起做B更喜欢做A other than除了……以外 or rather更确切地说 We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic rules，stopping at the red light rather than complaining about traffic jams.‎ 我们应该严格并自愿地遵守交通规则，做到红灯停，而不是一味地抱怨交通堵塞。(江苏·书面表达)‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.‎ ‎(1)She preferred going with us to staying behind.(用prefer doing...to doing...改写句子)‎ ‎(2)She would rather go with us than stay behind.(用would rather do...than do...改写句子)‎ ‎(3)She would go with us rather than stay behind.(用would do...rather than do...改写句子)‎ ‎3 单元语法 ‎——将下列直接引语变为间接引语 ‎(1)“I’ll be visiting China’s Export Commodities Fair next week，” Amy said.‎ Amy said that she would be visiting China’s Export Commodities Fair the next week.‎ ‎(2)“Are you sorry for what you have done？” the mother asked the boy.‎ The mother asked the boy whether he was sorry for what he had done.‎ ‎(3)Uncle Liu asked John，“How long have you been waiting for the splendid sunrise？”‎ Uncle Liu asked John how long he had been waiting for the splendid sunrise.‎ ‎(4)The teacher said，“Don’t read in dim light，boys.”‎ The teacher told the boys not to read in dim light.‎ ‎(5)Alice thought，“The troops must have arrived by now.”‎ Alice thought the troops must have arrived by then.‎ 高考题组 Ⅰ.短文改错(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ)‎ I hardly remember my grandmother.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.I was ‎ only four when she passes away.She is just a distant memory for me now.‎ I remember my grandfather very much.He was tall，with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.He had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town，he was strong and powerful.In a fact，he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.However，he was the gentlest man I have never known.‎ 答案 I hardly remember my grandmother.She used to me on her knees and sing old songs.I was only four when she away.She is just a distant memory for me now.‎ I remember my grandfather very .He was tall，with broad and a beard that turned from black gray over the years.He had a deep voice，which set apart from others in our small town， he was strong and powerful.In a fact，he even scared my classmates away they came over to play or do homework with me.However，he was the gentlest man I have known.‎ Ⅱ.写作常用句翻译 ‎1.然后他们开始喊叫，后来大吵了起来。(quarrel)(2012·江苏·书面表达)‎ Then they started shouting and yelling，and it turned into a horrible quarrel.‎ ‎2.我被委派来负责安排你们那天的所有活动。(take charge of)(2011·天津·书面表达)‎ I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.‎ ‎3.我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛的裁判。(judge)(2010·大纲全国Ⅰ·书面表达)‎ I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.‎ 模拟题组 Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎1.What we expect from you is working hard rather than hardly working.‎ ‎2.The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee.‎ ‎3.He may win the competition，in which case he is likely to get into the national team.‎ ‎4.If what your friend comes up with surprises you，don’t reject it immediately.Rather，imagine that it is true.‎ ‎5.Around two o’clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers(bother) ‎ us.‎ ‎6.It is said that this old building has existed(exist) for more than three hundred years.‎ ‎7.They have discussed for two years of drafting a new law to control the pollution but when it will be put into operation is still unknown.‎ ‎8.The sharp fall of the stock market caused a panic.‎ ‎9.There are some cases where this rule does not hold good.‎ ‎10.Whenever you have difficulty with your homework，don’t hesitate to ask(ask) her for help.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1.What do you think he will charge us of delivery？of→for ‎2.To sum，she agrees with us.To→In或sum后加上up ‎3.Don’t be worried.We can depend on him to come to us aid.us→our ‎ ‎4.They finally had a talk at the appointing place on time.appointing→appointed ‎5.Basing on my own opinion，I am in favor of the plan.Basing→Based ‎6.When he woke up，he found himself having surrounded by all his workmates.去掉having ‎7.He was told that the college was only existed on the Internet.去掉第二个was ‎8.The doctors decided to operate the patient for his lung cancer.operate后加上on ‎9.It was such comfortable and warm in bed that I didn’t want to get up.such→so ‎10.After some hesitate，one of them began to speak.hesitate→hesitation Ⅲ.写作句式升级训练 ‎1.It’s important that we should stick at the things we try.(素材来源于2014·福建·书面表达)‎ What is important is that we should stick at what we try.(用两个what从句改写)‎ ‎2.In addition，the climate here and in the USA is quite similar.(素材来源于2014·天津·书面表达)‎ Additionally，the climate here is quite similar to that in the USA.(用addition的副词及替代词that改写)‎ ‎(一)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 Most people will praise those technological gadgets that they use in their daily life.Technology is developing at a very fast rate，and what most people did not even think could be real a few years ago is now becoming a reality.Cell phones，which act more like computers，have now taken the world by storm.A lot of people cannot imagine what life will be like if they don’t have the Internet，email and chat features on their phones at their disposal.The simplest of things，such as ‎ TV，movies and even video games，have also evolved，and each of them offers consumers a wide array of choices and new possibilities.‎ Although many will use and publicize modern technology for many of its achievements and advancements，what many don’t realize is that it has affected and continues to affect society and people in general in a negative way.Advancements in technology have also greatly affected certain sectors of the industry and have even forced certain businesses to shut down for good because there is no more demand for that type of work.‎ Newspaper companies，for example，have been hit very hard by the advancements in technology.Big newspapers and local agencies have been forced to either lay off a percentage of their work force or shut down altogether because news is readily available for free on the Internet.Businesses and companies now rely heavily on digital printing methods for work brochures，magazines，and other advertisement paraphernalia(用品)they need，which has put traditional lithographic printing(平板印刷)in a tough dilemma.Music does not have to be purchased at a music store anymore because MP3 files are readily available on the Internet as well，thus causing big music store chains to shut their doors for good.The movie industry has also been hit hard because DVD sales have decreased since people can pay for and download their favorite movies online.‎ Technology has its benefits，but when you take a look at how it has affected society in general and how people interact with one another，you will quickly see that it has a negative impact.Modern technology has allowed people to communicate with anyone they want at any given time.Although this may sound like a good thing，the fact remains that people do not interact personally with one another as often as they used to.This has created a barrier in facetoface communication amongst people because they no longer have to hold a meeting in an office or they no longer have to call up a friend or family members to wish them a happy birthday or congratulate them on their recent success.And they can even work at home.‎ As a result，people are becoming lazier，and they don’t feel the terrible need to step outside of their home to find entertainment and fun in things that used to be fun，such as participating in an exciting game of basketball with friends，meeting a friend at a coffee shop，etc.Technology is a privilege to have but interaction with other people is crucial.And people should be responsible for their actions.They should not let technology rule their lives，and become desensitized(不敏感)to society in the end.‎ ‎1．What would be the result of the advancements in technology?‎ A．Newspapers become more popular than before.‎ B．People can do whatever they want to do on the Internet.‎ C．Some people may be in danger of losing their jobs.‎ D．The relationship among people becomes much closer.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Big newspapers and local agencies have been forced to either lay off a percentage of their work force or shut down altogether...”可以推知，科技的进步也会造成一些人员失业。‎ ‎2．From the underlined part in Paragraph 3，we can know that .‎ A．people have a preference for lithographic printing B．digital printing is as popular as lithographic printing C．traditional printing may be in danger of disappearing D．printing skills have been improved a lot in recent years 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据划线部分所在句“Businesses and companies now rely heavily on digital printing methods for...”可以推知，传统的印刷业可能面临着消失的威胁。‎ ‎3．In the passage，the author implies that .‎ A．facetoface communication is a waste of time B．it’s unnecessary to hold a meeting in an office C．technology will rule humans in the near future D．people should make use of technology reasonably 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Technology is a privilege to have but...，and become desensitized(不敏感) to society in the end.”可以推知，作者希望人们能够合理地利用科技给我们带来的种种便利，但是不能因此而忽略了人与人之间面对面的交流。‎ ‎4．What would be the best title for this passage?‎ A．The Benefits of Modern Technology B．The Ill Effects of Modern Technology C．The Advantages of Learning on the Internet D．The Decrease of Facetoface Communication 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。作者在文中主要论述了科技带动社会进步的同时，也给人们的生活和各个行业带来了种种负面影响。‎ Ⅱ.阅读填空 How to save money during your studies One of the biggest factors about studying at university is that you might be away from your parents for the first time. 5 If you’re worried about that，the following tips can tell you how to save your money.‎ Food and drink ‎ 6 Food in particular has become more expensive but it’s possible to eat well on the cheap.‎ Use student discounts In just about every city with a university，shops and bars near campus have some special discounts just for students.You can take advantage of offers on food from the Student Union shop. 7 ‎ ‎ 8 ‎ When you get into university，it can be tempting(吸引人的)to buy things you don’t need.However，restraint(控制)is important—buy the essentials first like food，and then work out what，if anything，you have left to spend.If you have money left over before you go home for Christmas，well done you!‎ Find a parttime job ‎ 9 So it may be a good idea to find a parttime job，even if it’s just for a few hours a week.Having a little extra income during each term will mean you can afford to live a little better and there are good student job search sites to help you.‎ Whatever university you find yourself in，being frugal(节俭的)is important.‎ A．Making it on your own B．Only get what you need C．You can also buy cheaper textbooks there.‎ D．It is important to enjoy yourself in the university.‎ E．You may worry about not being able to afford to study.‎ F．This is the most important thing you’ll spend money on.‎ G．Living alone requires you manage your money properly.‎ 答案　5.G　6.F　7.C　8.B　9.E Ⅲ.短文改错 Recently，while camping，I had one of the long nights of my life，and it was all thanks my best friend，Bradley.‎ After tell my friend about my fear of spiders，I was told that the average human who swallows eight spiders per year while sleeping.He told me that for some reason and other，spiders love the warmth of human breath great.So they go down our throat while it’s open，and we have no idea because they are asleep.After hearing that，I was unable to speak，let alone slept.When it was time to go to sleep that night，I couldn’t get the thought out of my minds.‎ The next morning，Bradley finally told me that he is joking about the spiders.‎ 答案 Recently，while camping，I had one of the nights of my life，and it was all thanks my ‎ best friend，Bradley.‎ After my friend about my fear of spiders，I was told that the average human who swallows eight spiders per year while sleeping.He told me that for some reason other，spiders love the warmth of human breath .So they go down our throat while it’s open，and we have no idea because are asleep.After hearing that，I was unable to speak，let alone .When it was time to go to sleep that night，I couldn’t get the thought out of my .‎ The next morning，Bradley finally told me that he joking about the spiders.‎ Ⅳ.书面表达 假设你是李华，你们学校的报社不断发展，要招收更多的兼职编辑。你以前曾在报纸和杂志上发表过文章，想加入学校的报社。请据此写一封申请信，申请成为报社的编辑。‎ 注意：1.词数为100左右；‎ ‎2．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎3．可适当增加内容，以使行文通顺连贯。‎ Dear General Editor，‎ I’m pleased to hear that ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Best wishes.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 参考范文 Dear General Editor，‎ I’m pleased to hear that the newspaper office of our school is employing new parttime editors and I’m writing to apply for this position.‎ I’m Li Hua，a student of Class One，Grade Three.I’ve learned that our newspaper office is developing day by day，and the newspaper has a large population of readers now.‎ It would be an honor for me if I can work for our school and I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.‎ I have had my articles published in some newspapers and magazines.I know something about the job of editing.If I can become one of you，I will work hard to provide more wonderful articles for the readers.‎ I’m looking forward to your reply.‎ Best wishes.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎(二)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A What is this week’s most important economic news？I think it is Beijing’s decision to ban smoking in schools across China—all the way from kindergarten through middle school.‎ Why is this economic news？Well，consider these numbers.China is said to have about 300 million smokers—nearly the entire population of the United States and making up one quarter of the global smokers.We bring up the U．S.for comparison because the Surgeon General coincidentally released a report last month that really caught our eye.Smoking，the report says，costs us Americans 289 billion a year—about four times as much as the U．S.federal budget for education combined.Twenty million Americans have died in the last 50 years as a result of smoking—more than the death numbers from all of our wars put together，of course.This year，nearly 500,000 Americans will die because of smoking.These numbers are just shocking.And in China，the numbers are much，much worse.‎ Well，the good news is that things are actually getting better—and the ban in China is another big step forward.According to the World Health Organization，from 2010,109 countries had national bans on smoking in hospitals；42 on smoking in restaurants and 35 on smoking in bars.Every year new countries join this list.India banned smoking in public places in 2008...so did France the following year.The result is a substantial decline in smoking rates.In 1980,41 percent of men around the world were smokers.In 2012，the number dropped to 31 percent.‎ At least some of the credit has to go to Michael Bloomberg，the former Mayor of New York.Remember when he first proposed a smoking ban in New York，back in 2002？Many people didn’t think his idea practical.But within a few years，dozens of major cities like Paris，Rome，London followed suit.Now China is moving in this direction.‎ The benefits in New York were seen almost immediately.In 2004，just one year after New York’s smoking ban，there were 3,800 fewer hospital admissions for heart attacks.New Yorkers saved 56 million on health care costs that year.In 1965,42 percent of all New York adults were tobacco users.Today，that number has dropped to just 18 percent.‎ ‎1．What is the total number of the smokers in the world?‎ A．About 150 million. B．About 300 million.‎ C．About 600 million. D．About 1,200 million.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“China is said to have about 300 million smokers—nearly the entire population of the United States and making up one quarter of the global smokers.”可知，中国的烟民约为3亿，占全球烟民的四分之一，故D项正确。‎ ‎2．The author supports his/her main points mainly by .‎ A．statistics B．stories C．proverbs D．assumptions 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者主要是通过引用大量的统计数据来说明其主要观点的。‎ ‎3．We can infer from the passage that .‎ A．the writer used to smoke a lot as a student B．from 2010,109 countries banned smoking in restaurants C．Bloomberg had trouble banning smoking D．nearly 500,000 Americans die every year 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第二、三句“Remember when he first proposed a smoking ban in New York，back in 2002？Many people didn’t think his idea practical.”可推知，当Bloomberg首次提出在纽约禁烟时，很多人认为那不现实，可以判断他的禁烟之路走得不太平坦。故C项正确。‎ ‎4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?‎ A．Smoking rates in New York have decreased.‎ B．The smoking ban benefited New Yorkers a lot.‎ C．New Yorkers saved more on health care costs.‎ D．Fewer were admitted to hospital for heart attacks.‎ 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段的主题句“The benefits in New York were seen almost immediately.”可知，本段主要讲禁烟给纽约人带来的好处。故B项正确。‎ B We all have a fair idea about the common types of environmental issues.However，light pollution may be a new term to many of us.But，the fact is，artificial light does affect the natural light levels in the same way as other manmade sources.Similar to other pollution types，it affects mankind，other living forms and the environment as a whole.‎ What is light pollution？It is an umbrella term for representing all forms of misused artificial ‎ light.In the broad sense，light pollution is defined as the unwanted change of natural light levels in the environment due to effects of manmade light sources.Human activities are directly or indirectly responsible for this form of pollution.‎ The obvious cause of light pollution is to use external lighting products inappropriately.It can be apartment light，office lighting，car headlights，station lights，streetlights and many more.With reference to these many contributing sources，it won’t be wrong to say that is an outcome of industrial civilization.‎ Light pollution is harmful to both plants and animals.Upon studies，it is found that obvious effects are observed in the behavior of nocturnal animals.Needless to mention，bright light at night makes it difficult for these animals to hunt，wander and perform their regular activities.‎ Light pollution is directly or indirectly responsible for causing several diseases.Its effects are related to disturbance in the physical rhythm.It contributes to risks of developing cancerous cells.Light pollution is nothing less than a threat to human health.‎ You have already seen the negative effects of light pollution on plants，animals and human health.Apart from this，the actual cost of misused light is estimated to be millions of dollars every year.After all，fossil fuels are used for producing maximum electricity.‎ While outdoor lighting and using artificial light fixtures are part of our modern lifestyle，simple steps will surely help in reducing light pollution.For example，while installing outdoor lighting，make sure that they are pointed downwards.Also，use only the required light fixtures for home and offices.‎ ‎5．According to the passage，light pollution .‎ A．is more serious than common pollution B．only has effects on many plants and animals C．is a kind of pollution newly put forward D．includes natural light pollution 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的最后一句可知，光污染不仅仅影响人类，而且还影响其他生物，故B项不正确。根据文章第一段第二句话可知，“光污染”对人们来说可能是一个新的术语，因此C项正确。‎ ‎6．Which is the main cause of light pollution?‎ A．Natural light. B．Manmade light.‎ C．All kinds of light. D．Outdoor light.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，光污染主要是人造光引起的，因此B项正确。‎ ‎7．The underlined part “nocturnal animals” probably means .‎ A．animals active at night B．animals feeding on plants C．animals sensitive to light D．animals enjoying wandering 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。画线部分所在段落提到晚上的灯光对这些动物的活动有影响，因此这些动物应该是喜欢晚上活动的动物。‎ ‎8．What is the proper way to reduce light pollution?‎ A．Making outdoor lighting point upwards.‎ B．Using clean energy to produce electricity.‎ C．Using more outdoor lighting.‎ D．Not using too bright light in the house.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“use only the required light fixtures for home and offices”可知D项正确。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 Tom lost his arms in an accident that cost his father’s life.Since then，he had to 9 on the arms of his younger brother.To take care of him，his younger brother became his 10 ，never leaving him alone for years.Except for writing with his 11 ，he was completely unable to do anything in his life.‎ As the two brothers grew up together，they had their share of problems and they would often quarrel.Then one day，his younger brother wanted to live 12 from Tom，living his own life，as many normal people do.So Tom was 13 and didn’t know what to do.‎ A similar misfortune 14 a girl，too.One night her mother，who suffered from mental illness， 15 .So her father went out looking for her mother， 16 the girl alone at home.She tried to prepare meals for her parents，only to overturn the kerosene lamp(煤油灯) on the stove， 17 in a fire which took her hands away.‎ Though her elder sister who was studying in another city，showed her 18 to take care of her，she was determined to be completely 19 .At school，she always studied hard.Most of all she learned to be selfreliant.Once she wrote the following in her composition：“I am lucky.Though I lost my 20 ，I still have legs.I am lucky.Though my wings are broken，my heart can still 21 .”‎ One day，the boy and the girl both 22 on a TV show.The boy told the host about his uncertain future at being left on his own while the girl was full of 23 for her life.They both ‎ were asked to write something on a piece of paper with their toes.The boy wrote：my younger brother’s arms are my arms； 24 the girl wrote：broken wings，flying heart.They had both endured the same 25 ，but their different 26 determined the nature of their lives.It is true that life is unpredictable.Disasters can strike at any time.How you handle misfortune when 27 with it is the true test of your character.If you decide to be 28 ，the hardship will turn out to be a fortune on which new hopes will arise.‎ ‎9．A.focus B．depend C．fix D．take 答案　B 解析　根据首句中的“Tom lost his arms in an accident”和下文中的“To take care of him，his younger brother...”可知，他必须“依靠”(depend)弟弟的手臂。‎ ‎10．A.shadow B．example C．sample D．leader 答案　A 解析　根据下文中的“never leaving him alone”可知，弟弟为了照顾他，就成了他的“影子”(shadow)。‎ ‎11．A.fingers B．hands C．toes D．fists 答案　C 解析　由于Tom已经失去双臂，所以写字只能用“脚趾”(toes)完成。‎ ‎12．A.naturally B．happily C．equally D．separately 答案　D 解析　由上文中的“...they had their share of problems and they would often quarrel.”和下文中的“living his own life”可推断，弟弟想“单独地”(separately)生活。‎ ‎13．A.heartbroken B．encouraged C．inspired D．warmhearted 答案　A 解析　根据上文中的“...his younger brother...living his own life...”及空后的“didn’t know what to do”可推知，Tom非常“伤心”(heartbroken)。‎ ‎14．A.applied B．possessed C．struck D．showed 答案　C 解析　由空处前后的“misfortune”和“too”‎ 可知，相似的不幸也打击着一个女孩。故用动词strike的过去式struck，其他选项均不符合语境。‎ ‎15．A.changed B．worked C．declined D．disappeared 答案　D 解析　由下文中的“looking for her mother”可知，她的妈妈应该是“不见”(disappeared)了。‎ ‎16．A.leaving B．allowing C．suggesting D．begging 答案　A 解析　由下文中的“alone at home”和“She tried to prepare meals for her parents”可知，父亲去找母亲，“留下”(leaving)小女孩一人独自在家。‎ ‎17．A.bringing B．taking C．resulting D．coming 答案　C 解析　由下文的结果“a fire which took her hands away”可知，此空该是result in表示“导致(结果)”，符合语境。‎ ‎18．A.purpose B．strength C．talent D．willingness 答案　D 解析　由上文中的“showed”和下文中的“to take care of her”可知，姐姐“愿意”(willingness)照顾她。‎ ‎19．A.cautious B．independent C．perfect D．helpful 答案　B 解析　由上文Though引导的让步状语从句和下文中的“to be selfreliant”可推断，此空应用independent。‎ ‎20．A.arms B．feet C．eyes D．ears 答案　A 解析　由上文提到的“took her hands away”和下文中的“I still have legs”可知，此处选arms。‎ ‎21．A.fly B．hold C．develop D．survive 答案　A 解析　此处与上文中的“my wings”形成一种表达上的对应，即“心仍可飞翔”，故用fly。‎ ‎22．A.performed B．appeared C．played D．directed 答案　B 解析　根据下文中的“on a TV show”可知，这两个人同时“出现”(appeared)在电视节目中。‎ ‎23．A.attention B．doubt C．regret D．enthusiasm 答案　D 解析　此处与上文中男孩对未来的不确定形成对比，故小女孩应是对生活充满“热情”(enthusiasm)。‎ ‎24．A.before B．unless C．while D．though 答案　C 解析　此处强调两者的对比，故用并列连词while。‎ ‎25．A.complaint B．failure C．misfortune D．success 答案　C 解析　由第三段首句中的“A similar misfortune”可知，选C。‎ ‎26．A.opportunities B．attitudes C．conditions D．advantages 答案　B 解析　根据上文对两个人的描述可知，他们不同的生活状况是由不同的态度决定的，故用attitudes。‎ ‎27．A.put B．shared C．kept D．faced 答案　D 解析　面对不幸时你如何应对才是对你性格真正地考验。‎ ‎28．A.strong B．curious C．valuable D．practical 答案　A 解析　由下文的关键信息“the hardship will turn out”和“new hopes will arise”可知，此空用strong。‎ Ⅲ.写作素材(关于职场)‎ ‎1．由于在保险公司里的出色工作，汤姆获得了一大笔奖金。‎ ‎2．另外，他职位升迁，工资提高了。‎ ‎3．这一切表明他长期的努力得到了好结果。‎ ‎4．这是一件令人骄傲的事。‎ ‎5．他现在负责一个部门。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用定语从句，get sth.done等结构。‎ 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ Due to the excellent work in the insurance company，Tom received a large bonus.In addition，he got his position promoted and wage increased.All these showed that the efforts he had made paid off.It was a glory.Now he is in charge of an department.‎