2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit2Cloning单元学案（29页word版） 36页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit 2Cloning单元学案 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 ‎1.　　　　vt.禁止;不准 ‎ ‎2.　　　　vt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于…… ‎ ‎3.　　　　vt.打扰 vi.操心 n.烦扰 ‎ ‎4.　　　　 vi.&vt.打;撞击;罢工 n.罢工 ‎ ‎5.　　　　vt.抵抗;对抗 ‎ ‎6.　　　　vt.着手;从事;承担 ‎ ‎7.　　　　vt.获得;赢得 ‎ ‎8.　　　　 n.规则;规章;法规 ‎ ‎9.　　　　adj.虚荣的;自负的;徒劳的 ‎ ‎10.　　　　adv. 立刻;不久 ‎ ‎11.　　　　adj.精确的;准确的 ‎ ‎12.　　　　adj.合情理的;讲道理的;公道的 ‎ ‎13.　　　　adv. 仅;只;不过 ‎ ‎14.　　　　 vi.不同;相异 ‎ ‎15.　　　　 vi.反对;不赞成 ‎ 阅读词汇 ‎1.adore vt.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎2.accumulate vt.& vi.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎3.attain vt.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎4.cast vt.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎5.procedure n.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎6.drawback n.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎7.breakthrough n.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎8.assumption n.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎9.arbitrary adj.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎10.conservative adj.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎11.compulsory adj.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎12.moral adj.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎13.initial adj.　　　　　　  ‎ ‎14.altogether adv. 　　　　　　  ‎ ‎15.commercial adj. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎16.impact n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎17.medium n.　　　　　 ‎ 拓展词汇 ‎1.　　　　adj.精确的;准确的→　　　　adv. 精确地;准确地;确切地 ‎ ‎2.　　　　adv. 仅;只;不过→　　　　adj.仅仅;只不过 ‎ ‎3.　　　　adj.不能的;不会的→　　　　adj.能够的;有能力的 ‎ ‎4.　　　　 vi.不同;相异→　　　　adj.不同的→　　　　adv. 不同地;相异地→　　　　 n.不同;差异 ‎ ‎5.　　　　adj.合情理的;讲道理的;公道的→　　　　n.原因;理由 ‎ ‎6.　　　　 vi.反对;不赞成→　　　　 n.不赞成;反对;异议 ‎ ‎7.　　　　 n.装饰→　　　　 v.装饰 ‎ ‎8.　　　　 vi.退休;离开→　　　　 n.退休 ‎ 二、高频短语 ‎1.　　　　　　反对 ‎ ‎2.　　　　　　赞成;支持 ‎ ‎3.　　　　　　得到好结果;取得成功;偿清 ‎ ‎4.　　　　　　白费力气;枉费心机 ‎ ‎5.　　　　　　状况很好/坏;情况很好/坏 ‎ ‎6.　　　　　　一定或注定(做)…… ‎ ‎7.　　　　　　cast down  ‎ ‎8.　　　　　　from time to time  ‎ ‎9.　　　　　　bring...back to life  ‎ ‎10.　　　　　　strike...into one’s heart  ‎ 三、经典句型 ‎1.　　　　　　　　　 (其优点是)if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. ‎ ‎2.It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants　　　　　　　　　 (为了培植新植物). ‎ ‎3.　　　　　　　　　 (接着传来了令人烦恼的消息)that Dolly had become seriously ill. ‎ ‎4.However, scientists still wonder 　　　　　　　　　 (克隆技术会帮助我们还是会伤害我们) and where it is leading us. ‎ 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写(注意单词或短语的形式变化)‎ ‎1.Our school 　　　(不允许)students to smoke.  ‎ ‎2.Don’t　　　(打扰)Mary while she’s reading. ‎ ‎3.It’s natural that customs 　　　(不同) from country to country. ‎ ‎4.We are supposed to 　　　 (承担) the responsibility to protect the environment.  ‎ ‎5.These are　　　 (确切地) the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore—and the very ones we need to consider most. ‎ ‎6.Why　　　(费心) to go abroad, when there are so many nice places here? ‎ ‎7.They took a more 　　　 (合理的) approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives. ‎ ‎8.Leroy Chiao,54,an American　　　 (退休的) astronaut after four flights,describes what happens even before you float out of your seat. ‎ ‎9.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist, and it stopped working 　　　 (完全地).  ‎ ‎10.He is not easily　　　　　　 (沮丧), because he is a strong-minded person. ‎ ‎11.I 　　　　　　(反对) being treated like this. I’m a grown-up now. ‎ ‎12.Two years of business school really　　　　　　(取得成功). He got success in his career.  ‎ ‎13.All the doctors did was　　　　　　(白费力气), and the patient died after three days’ treatment. ‎ ‎14.I bought the bicycle ten years ago. It still stays　　　　　　　　　 (状况很好). ‎ ‎15.Besides, the timetable should be updated according to the progress of our study 　　　　　　　　　　　　(不时).  ‎ ‎16.However, others are　　　　　　　　　 (支持)the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language.  ‎ ‎17.Although the doctors did everything they could, they weren’t able to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(使他复活).  ‎ ‎(二)单句填空 ‎1.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist 　　　(eat) cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress. ‎ ‎2.His explanation was not　　　(reason), so all of us didn’t accept it. ‎ ‎3.He　　　 from the post as a manager. After his 　　　, he settled down in a remote village. (retire) ‎ ‎4.When it comes to moving to the countryside, his mother made no 　　　to it, while his father 　　　 to it.(object) ‎ ‎5.From the appearance, we cannot tell the 　　　 between the twins,though they always have some 　　　 ideas. (differ) ‎ ‎6.Apparently, the purpose of education is not only the 　　　 of knowledge, but it also means　　　intelligence as well as abilities.(accumulate) ‎ 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.我参加活动的目的是积累经验。(不定式作状语)‎ I participated in the activity　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. ‎ ‎2.接着传来了令人振奋的消息,王林被北京大学录取了。(完全倒装句)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　that Wang Lin has been admitted into Peking University.  ‎ ‎3.骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。(The advantage...is that...)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a low-carbon life. ‎ ‎4.从他的表情我们看不出他是反对我们的计划还是选择保持沉默。(whether...or...)‎ We cannot tell from his expression　　　　　　　　　　　　 to keep silent. ‎ 答案精解精析 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.forbid　2.owe　3.bother　4.strike　5.resist　6.undertake　7.obtain ‎8.regulation　9.vain　10.shortly　11.exact　12.reasonable　13.merely　14.differ　15.object 阅读词汇 ‎1.崇拜;爱慕;喜爱　2.积累;聚积　3.获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等)‎ ‎4.扔;投;掷　5.程序;步骤;手续　6.缺点;不利条件　7.突破　8.假定;设想　9.任意的　10.保守的;守旧的　11.必须做的;义务的;强迫的;强制的　12.道德(上)的;伦理的　13.最初的;开始的　14.总共;完全地 ‎15.商业的;贸易的　16.撞击;冲击;巨大的影响　17.媒介;手段;工具 拓展词汇 ‎1.exact;exactly　2.merely;mere　3.unable;able ‎4.differ;different;differently;difference　5.reasonable;reason ‎6.object;objection　7.decoration;decorate　8.retire;retirement 二、高频短语 ‎1.object to　2.in favour of　3.pay off　4.in vain　5.in good/poor condition ‎6.(be) bound to (do)...　7.使沮丧　8.不时,偶尔　9.使复生;使复活 ‎10.使……刻骨铭心 三、经典句型 ‎1.The advantage is that　2.to make new ones　3.Then came the disturbing news　4.whether cloning will help or harm us 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写 ‎1.forbids　2.bother　3.differ　4.undertake　5.exactly　6.bother ‎7.reasonable　8.retired　9.altogether　10.cast down　11.object to ‎12.paid off　13.in vain　14.in good condition　15.from time to time ‎16.in favour of　17.bring him back to life ‎(二)单句填空 ‎ ‎1.eating　2.reasonable　3.retired;retirement ‎4.objection;objected　5.differences;different　6.accumulation;‎ accumulating 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.to accumulate experience　2.Then comes the exciting news ‎3.The advantage of cycling to work is that we can live　4.whether he will object to our plan or choose 单元综合能力测试 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ A Get Ready to Read！‎ DATE STORE NAME CITY ‎2/27/18‎ Barnes & Noble Check your local B&N ‎2/27/18‎ The Magic House Kirkwood ‎2/27/18‎ Meijer ‎ Indianapolis ‎3/2/18‎ Avid Bookshop Athens ‎3/4/18‎ William J Clinton Presidential Library Little Rock ‎ ‎3/4/18‎ Baylor Bookstore Waco ‎“You're never too old to pick up a book and read with a child.” That's the message the National Education Association (NEA) hopes to convey (传递) during this year's Read Across America celebration.The event is held on March 2 to honor the birthday of Theodor Seuss Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss. But the festivities (庆典活动) aren't limited to one day. From February 27 to March 4, students, teachers and families nationwide will be in the joy of reading.‎ Read Across America began 21 years ago as a way to get kids excited about reading.“You have this magical thing happen when an adult sits with a kid and turns the pages, and reads in a funny voice, and you laugh together，” Lily Eskelsen Garca, the NEA president, told TFK. “The key point is making it fun, not for the next test, not because it's something they have to memorize or something they have to do.”‎ Kids can celebrate Read Across America with any book they like. But in honor of Dr. Seuss, they might want to pick up his most recent published work, What Pet Should I Get? It was discovered 20 years after Dr. Seuss's death and published in July of 2015, making fans of the author delighted.Like other Dr. Seuss's books, What Pet Should I Get? includes rhymes (韵文), humor and familiar Seussian illustrations (插图)．In it, a brother and a sister visit a pet shop and have trouble choosing just one animal to bring home.‎ Anyone can take part in Read Across America.All it takes is getting a book or a few loved ones and sharing the joy of reading.‎ 语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章介绍了Read Across America 这个读书活动，旨在号召父母、老师和孩子一起读书，享受读书的乐趣。‎ ‎21．According to the text，the event on March 2 is held in________.‎ A．Barnes & Noble　　　　 B．The Magic House C．Baylor Bookstore D．Avid Bookshop 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章前面表格中内容可知，3月2日这天读书活动在Avid Bookshop举行，故选D。‎ ‎22．What's the original purpose of Read Across America?‎ A．To promote American culture.‎ B．To get children to study hard.‎ C．To make children interested in books.‎ D．To introduce famous writers to the public.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章正文第一段第一句“You're never too old to pick up a book and read with a child”和第二段最后“The key point is making it fun，not for the next test，not because it's something they have to memorize or something they have to do”可知，这个活动的目的是使得孩子们对读书感兴趣。‎ ‎23．The book What Pet Should I Get? is mainly written for________.‎ A．teachers B．parents C．children D．pet shop owners 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章第三段“includes rhymes, humor and familiar Seussian illustrations.In it, a brother and a sister visit a pet shop and have trouble choosing just one animal to bring home”可推测，该书主要是写给孩子看的。‎ B ‎(2018·北京西城模拟)Turning the lights out or wearing a blindfold while eating could be a quick way to lose weight, according to scientists. The simple trick works because it stops diners eating for pleasure rather than for calories. It also triggers (引发) a part of the brain that is worried that unseen food may go bad.‎ An experiment by the University of Konstanz, in Germany, found that people who were blindfolded consumed nine percent fewer calories before they felt full, compared to those who could see.They also vastly overestimated how much they had eaten because they could not see how much was left on the plate. Blindfolded volunteers estimated they had eaten 88 percent more than they actually had.‎ Scientists believe that not seeing food on the table also allows the body to know when it is full in real time rather than remembering past experiences where it might have taken a full plate to feel full.‎ In the experiment, 50 people were blindfolded and 40 were allowed to see their food. All were told not to eat within two hours of the experiment. They were then given three 95g bowls of chocolate icecream and invited to eat for 15 minutes. Their bowls were taken away and the remaining icecream weighed, while the participants were quizzed on how much they thought they had eaten.‎ On average the group who could see ate 116g while the blindfolded groups ate 105g. However, the blindfolded group believed they had eaten 197g while compared ‎ with 159g for the nonblind volunteers. They were also asked how pleasant the icecream tasted and the blindfolded group rated lower than those who could see.‎ ‎“The experienced pleasure of eating was significantly lower in the blindfolded group.Not seeing the food might have decreased the appetite. Sight plays an important role in the eating experience and in the overall dining experience.”‎ Previous studies have shown that the visual influence of food plays a large part in the taste. While restaurants that allow diners to eat in the dark state that it triggers other senses, in fact eating in darkness is likely to taste far milder than usual.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家通过研究发现人们在熄灯或者戴着眼罩时用餐可以减肥。‎ ‎24．With the lights out, diners eat less partly because________.‎ A．they want to quickly finish their meals B．they trust their feelings more than ever C．they focus more on fun than the calories D．they worry about the quality of the food 解析：选D 　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，当关灯后，饮食者可能会担心食物的质量。故答案选D。‎ ‎25．We can learn from the passage that the blindfolded group________.‎ A．spent a much longer time eating the same food B．believed they ate more than they really did C．depended on past experiences to feel full D．thought the food tasted better than usual 解析：选B 　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句以及实验过程可知，戴眼罩的志愿者们相信他们比实际上吃得更多。故答案选B。‎ ‎26．The last two paragraphs tell us that________.‎ A．diners are likely to lose their appetite eating in darkness B．senses rather than sight play an important role in the taste C．findings of this experiment differ from the previous studies D．restaurants benefit a lot from allowing diners to eat in the dark 解析：选A　 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句并结合最后两段可知，最后两段主要讲的是在黑暗中吃东西，饮食者可能会降低食欲。故答案选A。‎ ‎27．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.‎ A．provide statistics related to eating in the dark B．offer reasons for people to eat in the dark areas C．inform the readers of the result of an experiment D．persuade the readers to lose weight in a new way 解析：选C 　写作意图题。纵观全文可知，本文主要是通过叙述实验过程来告知读者实验结果。A、B两项是文章具体讲到的内容；D项在文章中没有体现。故答案选C。‎ C ‎(2018·河北省内丘中学模拟)The late, great producer Phil Ramone worked with many famous popular singers. However, one of his albums is a little different. It's classical music, made for children.‎ ‎“He actually started as a child violinist，” said Marc Neikrug, a famous classical composer who worked together with Ramone on the album, “Sunken Cathedrals，” after being introduced by Rock Positano, a doctor with a special interest in music's value to medicine. “The three of us all want to promote classical music to children.”‎ In the digital age when children develop surrounded by constant distractions (使人分心的事物), however, Neikrug sees a very particular value in classical music. “I'm concerned about a world in which there is an almost aggressive move to lower people's attention spans (持续时间)，” he said. “That's terrifying. How do you even absorb and learn things? How do you expect kids to do well in school？”‎ ‎“I think it's really important to let kids build some kind of ability to focus，” Neikrug said. “Great music can do that, because you're drawn into what you're listening to. A two or threeminute music may not seem so long to concentrate on, but it's a good attention span for kids，” he said. “We picked the pieces very deliberately to be not too long.”‎ All of the pieces on the twopart album are unadapted, complete works of classical music. “Phil, Dr. Rock and I were all completely convinced that we need little, short, beautiful pieces for kids. They happen to be really good for adults too，” he pointed out, though the words “Classics for Kids” on the cover might scare some grown people off.‎ This doesn't mean you should toss all of your popular music albums away or trash all the screen devices (设备) in your home. “I'm not an advocate for disregarding the reality of living in this world，” Neikrug said. “I would say someone who grows up able to focus for an hour and equally able to use the smartphone with one hand, is fine.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是议论文。Neikrug与Ramone合作制作了一张儿童古典音乐专辑，他认为古典音乐能帮助孩子们培养专注力。‎ ‎28．What did Marc Neikrug and Rock Positano have in common?‎ A．They had the same career.‎ B．They had the same interest.‎ C．They had the same circle of friends.‎ D．They had the same number of children.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Marc Neikrug, a famous classical composer”和“Rock Positano, a doctor with a special interest in music's value to medicine. ‘The three of us all want to promote classical music to children.’”可知，Marc Neikrug和Rock Positano都对音乐感兴趣，致力于让孩子从小就听古典音乐。‎ ‎29．What was Neikrug worried about?‎ A．People's decreasing attention spans.‎ B．People becoming too aggressive.‎ C．People's low learning ability.‎ D．People losing faith in school.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I'm concerned about a world in which there is an almost aggressive move to lower people's attention spans (持续时间)”可知，当今世界让人们的持续关注时间不断减少，Neikrug对此表示担忧。‎ ‎30．Why did Ramone and Neikrug select short pieces for the album?‎ A．To attract distracted adults.‎ B．Because of their own preference.‎ C．To include more pieces in the album.‎ D．Because of kids' mental characteristics.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“... ‘A twoor threeminute music may not seem so long to concentrate on, but it's a good attention span for kids，’ he said. ‘We picked the pieces very deliberately to be not too long.’”可知，由于孩子的持续关注时间很短，所以Ramone和Neikrug专门选短小的曲子迎合孩子们的心智特征。‎ ‎31．What does the text want to tell us?‎ A．Popular music producers turned to classical music.‎ B．Classical music can coexist with digital devices.‎ C．It's never too late to listen to classical music.‎ D．Kids can benefit from classical music.‎ 解析：选D　主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“‘I think it's really important to let kids build some kind of ability to focus，’ Neikrug said. ‘Great music can do that, because you're drawn into what you're listening to ...”可以看出，Neikrug认为古典音乐能帮助孩子们培养专注力，这也是他与Ramone合作制作儿童古典音乐专辑的原因。 ‎ D ‎(2018·湖南长沙长郡中学摸底考试)Every few years comes a fitness trend that has people scratching their heads in amazement. “Crunning” will probably be one of them.The “c” stands for “crawling” (爬行). This new sport needs twolegged humans running on all fours!‎ The funny idea is the brainchild of Shaun McCarthy.The 34yearold is convinced that it will revolutionize fitness as we know it. According to the sports enthusiast, “The only thing that crunning's changed about fitness is that it's changed everything about fitness.”‎ McCarthy has no scientific evidence to prove that crunning is more efficient than traditional twolegged running.However, he believes it is a more effective way to exercise because it puts an emphasis on the shoulders and arms, providing a complete body workout.McCarthy also says crunning seems to tire him out more. He therefore concludes that the unconventional exercise is a bigger calorie burner than normal running.‎ While experts generally agree that crunning may provide a better workout, many are not sure if it is the right exercise for humans. Fitness coach Kevin Dean says we are not built to be on all fours and our wrists are therefore not as strong as our ankles. He believes crunning, which he calls a fad (时尚), could result in bad wrist and shoulder injuries, not to mention broken noses.‎ But McCarthy is not worried.Since the release of his crunning video a few weeks ago, many Melbourne residents have been seen scampering around on all fours.As it turns out they are not the only ones. In the Chinese city of Zhengzhou, crawling, a much slower version of crunning, has been a favorite activity for many years. According to some enthusiasts, the light exercise that is believed to date back two thousand years to the Han Dynasty is good for curing back and spine ailments.‎ Ready to give crunning try？Then McCarthy recommends investing in some good shoes, hardy gloves and most important of all, a face mask!‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了一种新的更有效的健身方式——爬行。‎ ‎32．What can we learn about crawling according to Kevin Dean?‎ A．Our ankles are stronger than our wrists.‎ B．Crawling is an efficient way to work out.‎ C．The city of Zhengzhou is the origin of crawling.‎ D．Crawling can burn more calories than normal running.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Fitness coach Kevin Dean says we are not built to be on all fours and our wrists are therefore not as strong as our ankles.”可知，他认为我们的脚踝的力量比我们的手腕更强大。故选A。‎ ‎33．What does the author think of crunning?‎ A．Dangerous. B．Interesting.‎ C．Beneficial. D．Unbelievable.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段首句“The funny idea is the brainchild of Shaun McCarthy.”可推知，作者认为这种健身方式很有趣。故选B。‎ ‎34．Why does McCarthy suggest people wearing a face mask when crunning?‎ A．To amuse other people.‎ B．To avoid being recognized.‎ C．To protect the nose from being injured.‎ D．To prevent sweat dropping on the ground.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段末句“He believes crunning, which he calls a fad (时尚), could result in bad wrist and shoulder injuries, not to mention broken noses.”可知，爬行容易伤到鼻子。故选C。‎ ‎35．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．A new way of crawling.‎ B．A new trend of exercising.‎ C．A scientific discovery.‎ D．A traditional way to keep fit.‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。根据文章描述可知，本文介绍了一种新的更有效的健身方式——爬行。故选B。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ Livestock (牲畜) cloning is the practice of cloning sheep, cattle and other livestock species as a way to improve efficiency.The basic idea behind livestock cloning is to clone animals that have certain qualities, such as cows that produce more milk or meat.__36__ However, this practice is very controversial, and livestock farmers have been hesitant to adopt it fully because of public opposition and certain inefficiencies.‎ In technical terms, livestock are cloned by taking cells from one animal and using them to fertilize eggs (使卵子受精). Scientists take the fertilized eggs and put them in female animals.__37__ Many animals are born with abnormal shapes.Scientists are looking for ways to improve the process and make it less expensive to adopt on a wider scale.‎ ‎__38__For example, if farmers were able to take only their very best animals and recreate them many times, they could potentially be more productive.‎ There are also some potential problems with cloned livestock.__39__ For example, when a disease hits, there are usually individuals who cannot be harmed by the disease or are more resistant, and they will generally survive. If all the animals were genetically (在基因方面) identical or similar, this sort of disease could totally destroy an entire generation of livestock, leaving the world with a massive food shortage.‎ In addition to concerns about genetic diversity，there are other concerns about cloning.__40__There are also some people who worry that livestock cloning research may be a gateway to introducing human cloning, which is widely disapproved of.‎ A．Are the surviving clones really clones?‎ B．Therefore, the new species is expected to be better.‎ C．The biggest one arises from a reduction in genetic diversity.‎ D．Cloned livestock have the potential to provide some major benefits.‎ E．Cloning animals shows us what might happen if we try to clone humans.‎ F．These concerns sometimes come from worries over unforeseen consequences.‎ G．This process doesn't always work perfectly, and it can be relatively expensive.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了动物克隆技术。‎ ‎36．解析：选B　根据上一句内容可知，如果能克隆出生产更多奶和肉的牛，那么“这个新品种应该是更好”。‎ ‎37．解析：选G　根据本空后的“Many animals are born with abnormal shapes ...make it less expensive”可知，目前克隆的“过程不总是完美，而且价格相对比较昂贵”。‎ ‎38．解析：选D　根据本空后的内容不难看出，这里是介绍克隆牲畜的“好处。”‎ ‎39．解析：选C　根据本空后内容可知，克隆技术会减少“基因多样性”，所以当拥有同样基因的动物遭受某种致命疾病时，所有的这些动物都会死亡。下段首句中的“genetic diversity”也提示了本题答案。‎ ‎40．解析：选F　本空前的concerns提示了本题答案。‎ 第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ ‎(2018·河北定州中学模拟)It's the American dream — getting married, buying a home, and settling down to have children. Everyone knows that parenthood is one of the great joys of life and that it__41__ greatly to one's happiness and sense of wellbeing. But in that __42__， everyone may be wrong. Research shows that not only does having children not__43__ produce increased happiness, but it may actually __44__ it.‎ Sociologist Robin Simon, who studied thousands of American families, __45__ her findings this way: “Parents experience lower levels of emotional wellbeing, less frequent positive emotions and more frequent__46__emotions than their childless peers (同龄人). In fact, no group of parents — married, __47__， step or even empty nest — reported greater emotional wellbeing than people who__48__ had children.”‎ Of course, parenthood is not without its rewards. __49__lower levels of happiness, parents also report more purpose, more meaning, and eventually more __50__ with life ‎ than nonparents. But research data do not show that children bring greater happiness to their parents.‎ Why, then, does the belief that children bring great happiness persist (继续存在)? One possible reason is that we learn them from our __51__. People who believe that parenting is a satisfying, lifeimproving experience are more likely to have children than people who don't. The former group has more children to whom to __52__ their beliefs, while the latter group's less rosy prospect (前景) is less likely to get conveyed to the next generation.‎ Another reason for people's continued __53__ in the joys of parenting has to do with selective recall. When people think of __54__ of their parenting experiences, they are likely to focus on the __55__ rare best of times: a baby's first words or first smile, a fun day at the park, or graduation day. The __56__ of parenthood－nighttime feedings, dirty diapers, fighting siblings (兄弟姐妹) , and so forth－may be much more common but tend to withdraw into the background when parents reflect back on the experience.‎ ‎__57__ when parents are asked whether having children enriches their lives, they tend to __58__ definitely. But when parents' current sense of wellbeing is actually __59__ at various points in time, the truth appears: parents are not actually happier than people who do not have children, and on some occasions the parents actually seem to do __50__. On any given day, parents have fewer freedoms but more worries to deal with than do their childless peers.‎ 语篇解读：对于已婚夫妇而言，是养育子女的人生更幸福呢，还是不要孩子的人生更快乐？‎ ‎41．A.appeals　　　　　　　　 B．subscribes C．contributes D．corresponds 解析：选C　每个人都知道为人父母是人生的快乐之一，而且极大地促进了人们的快乐和幸福感。contribute to 意为“促进，有助于”；appeal to 意为“吸引，迎合”；subscribe to意为“订阅；同意，赞成”；correspond to 意为“与……一致，相符”。‎ ‎42．A.case B．regard C．way D．opinion 解析：选B　但是在那方面，每个人可能都错了。regard意为“方面”；case意为“情况，情形”；way意为“方式，方法”；opinion意为“观点，看法”。‎ ‎43．A.necessarily B．possibly C．normally D．reasonably 解析：选A　研究表明生孩子不仅未必会产生额外的幸福感。necessarily 意为“必要地，必然地”；possibly意为“可能，也许”；normally意为“正常地，常规地”；reasonably意为“合理地，有道理地”。not necessarily意为“未必，不一定”。‎ ‎44．A.remove B．accumulate C．influence D．reduce 解析：选D　根据上文的“produce increased happiness”和前面的but可知，而且事实上还可能减少幸福感。reduce意为“减少，降低”；remove 意为“移动，去除”；accumulate意为“积累，聚积”；influence意为“影响”。‎ ‎45．A.explored B．commented C．summarized D．addressed 解析：选C　研究过成百上千个美国家庭的社会学家鲁宾·西蒙是这样总结她的研究结果的。summarize意为“总结，概括”；explore意为“探索，勘探”；comment意为“评论，发表意见”；address意为“向……讲话；处理，对付”。‎ ‎46．A.negative B．objective C．mixed D．changeable 解析：选A　根据上文的“less frequent positive emotions”可知，父母比没有孩子的同龄人经历更低的情绪幸福感，更少的积极情绪以及更多的消极情绪。negative 意为“消极的，负面的”；objective意为“客观的”；mixed意为“混合的，混杂的”；changeable意为“易变的，变化多的”。‎ ‎47．A.poor B．independent C．responsible D．single 解析：选D　事实上，无论是双亲家庭、单亲家庭、养父母家庭，还是空巢家庭，没有一组父母觉得自己比那些没有子女的人幸福到哪儿去。single意为“单身的，未婚的”；poor意为“贫困的，贫穷的”；independent意为“独立的，自立的”；responsible意为“负责的，承担责任的”‎ ‎48．A.seldom B．almost C．already D．never 解析：选D　根据上文的“their childless peers”可知，这里指那些没有孩子的人。never意为“从未”；seldom意为“很少”；almost意为“几乎”； already意为“已经”。‎ ‎49．A.In spite of B．In addition to C．Regardless of D．Apart from 解析：选A　尽管幸福水平更低，但报告显示父母们还是比没有孩子的人更有目标、活得更有意义并且最终对人生更满意。in spite of 意为“尽管，虽然”；in addition to意为“除了……还有……”；regardless of 意为“不管，不顾”；apart from意为“除了……还有……”。‎ ‎50．A.disappointment B．satisfaction C．agreement D．discomfort 解析：选B　根据上文的“more purpose, more meaning”可知，父母们比没有孩子的人最终对人生更满意。 satisfaction意为“满足，满意”；disappointment意为“失望，扫兴 ”；agreement意为“协议，合约”；discomfort意为“不舒服，不适”。‎ ‎51．A.peers B．parents C．friends D．teachers 解析：选B　一个可能的原因是我们从我们的父母那里了解到这些。parents意为“父母”；peer意为“同辈，同龄人”；friend意为“朋友”；teacher意为“老师”。‎ ‎52．A.hold on B．carry on ‎ C．pass on D．rely on 解析：选C　根据下文的“get conveyed to the next generation”可知，前一组人可以向更多的孩子传递他们的观点。 pass on 意为“传递”；hold on意为“抓紧，坚持”；carry on 意为“继续，进行，经营”；rely on意为“依靠，依赖”。‎ ‎53．A.faith B．dream C．honor D．pride 解析：选A　人们一直相信为人父母快乐的另一个原因与选择性记忆有关。faith意为“信心，信仰，信任”；dream意为“梦想”；honor意为“荣誉，荣幸”；pride意为“骄傲，自豪”。‎ ‎54．A.troubles B．theories C．memories D．impressions 解析：选C　根据上文的selective recall可知，当人们回想起他们为人父母的经历时，他们可能……。memory意为“回忆，记忆”；trouble意为“麻烦，烦恼”；theory意为“理论”；impression意为“印象”。‎ ‎55．A.evidently B．slightly C．perfectly D．relatively 解析：选D　他们可能专注于相对少有的美好时光。relatively意为“相对地，比较起来”；evidently意为“明显地，显而易见地”；slightly意为“稍微，略微”；perfectly意为“完美地；十足地，完全地”。‎ ‎56．A.reliefs B．rewards C．stresses D．shortcomings 解析：选C　夜间喂奶、脏尿布、打架的兄弟姐妹等等之类的为人父母的压力可能更常见，但是当父母们回想起这些经历时他们往往已经退居幕后。stress意为“压力”；relief意为“宽慰，减轻”；reward意为“奖赏，报答”；shortcoming 意为“缺点，短处”。‎ ‎57．A.So B．Or C．But D．Though 解析：选A　所以当父母们被问及生孩子是否会充实他们的生活时。so意为“因此，所以”；or意为“或者，否则”；but意为“但是”；though意为“尽管，虽然”。‎ ‎58．A.deny B．contradict C．respond D．agree 解析：选C　根据上文的“when parents are asked”可知，他们往往会作出肯定的回答。respond意为“回答，回应”；deny意为“否认，拒绝承认”；contradict意为“与……矛盾；反驳，驳斥”；agree意为“同意，答应”。‎ ‎59．A.measured B．determined C．balanced D．challenged 解析：选A　但事实上当父母们目前的幸福感在不同的时间进行衡量时，事实就显现出来。measure意为“衡量，测量”；determine意为“决定，下定决心”；balance意为“平衡”；challenge意为“挑战，质疑”。‎ ‎60．A.better B．worse C．less D．more 解析：选B　根据上文的“not actually happier”可知，父母们事实上没有无子女的人快乐，而且有时父母们事实上似乎表现得更糟糕。worse意为“更糟糕的，更差的”；better意为“更好的”；less意为“更少的”；more意为“更多的”。‎ 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ Years ago, when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries, I__61__ (live) in the heart of a city. The rent for my apartment was really cheap__62__ it was in the middle of one of the busiest neighborhoods in town. People who visited me used to ask me__63__ I could sleep.“Doesn't the sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to__64__ much noise？” You see, there were also rows and rows of shops and bars playing loud music day and night and my apartment was above a really loud and noisy__65__. But I found it all fascinating. If I were ever short__66__ cash and couldn't afford to do anything much, which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take __67__ look around. You see, there were always a great number of tourists visiting the shops, so I could always find someone__68__ (interest) to talk with.And Joe, the owner of the bar below me, could always give me a little money to survive on in exchange for__69__ (do) a few odd jobs for him. At the time, I suppose, I thought I was poor. Sometimes, we don't realize how__70__ (fortune) we are, do we?‎ 语篇解读：曾经当作者穷困潦倒时，他住在别人认为难以忍受的嘈杂的闹市区，但那些日子却让作者感到非常幸运。‎ ‎61．lived　考查时态。本文描述的是多年前的事，因此用一般过去时。‎ ‎62．because　考查连词。“我”的公寓的房租很便宜，因为“我”住在一个最繁忙的街区里。‎ ‎63．how　考查引导词。根据语境可知，此处表示“外边是繁忙的街区，那我是怎样睡着的？ ”。‎ ‎64．so　考查固定结构。“so much＋不可数名词”意为“如此多的……”。‎ ‎65．one　考查代词。“我”住的公寓在一个很吵闹的商店/酒吧上面。one代指商店或酒吧。‎ ‎66．of　考查介词。be short of 意为“缺少/短缺……”。‎ ‎67．a　考查固定短语。take a look 意为“看一看”，是固定结构。‎ ‎68．interesting　考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我找到某个有趣的人去交谈”。‎ ‎69．doing　考查非谓语动词。介词for后应跟动词ing 形式。‎ ‎70．fortunate　考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此空应填其形容词形式。‎ Ⅰ.写作规范增分练 第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ All my family were staying at home, with the air conditioner turning on. Suddenly, we heard a loud noise in the hall, as if something falls on the ground.We rushed out, only to find the weak sparrow lying on the floor.Seeing people coming, it wanted to fly. And after it flapped (振) its wing, it couldn't. It must have felt too hot that it wanted to find a cooler place. Fortunately, it didn't see our glass windows and was hit to dizzy. So we got it inside and provided it some water. After a while the sparrow opened its eyes and seemed much well.‎ 答案：第一句：turning→turned 第二句：falls→fell 第三句：第一个the→a 第五句：And→But; wing→wings 第六句：too→so 第七句：Fortunately→Unfortunately; 去掉to 第八句：water前加with 第九句：well→better 第二节：书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎(2018·衡水调研)假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Alice对中国艺术感兴趣，特写信请你向她介绍中国传统艺术。请依据下列要点，给其写封回信。‎ 要点：1.介绍传统艺术——年画；‎ ‎2．欢迎Alice来中国体验中国年画的创作。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 提示词：年画Chinese New Year paintings Dear Alice，‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours truly，‎ Li Hua 参考范文：‎ Dear Alice，‎ How is everything going? I'm so happy to know that you are interested in Chinese traditional arts from your letter. In my opinion, learning Chinese New Year paintings is the best choice. As is known to us all, Chinese people would like to put up pictures to celebrate the Spring Festival. Chinese New Year paintings cover various subjects, like historical stories, harvests, flowers and birds. As you are good at painting, I believe you ‎ can learn the art well quickly. By learning it, you can know more about Chinese culture, and improve your drawing skills.‎ I'm looking forward to seeing you soon in China. ‎ Yours truly，‎ Li Hua