2013 重庆市高考英语（阅读理解）临考训练（3）及答案解析 6页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 1 - 2013 重庆市高考英语（阅读理解）临考训练（3）及答案解析 Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change-to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before. Landscape(风景) is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the background. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photography(摄影术) to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom. Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods. Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings. 72. Leslie's paintings are extraordinary because . A. they are close in style to works in ancient times B. they look like works by 19th-century painters 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 2 - C. they draw attention to common things in life D. they depend heavily on color photography 73. What is the author's opinion of artistic reality? A. It will not be found in future works of art. B. It does not have a long-lasting standard. C. It is expressed in a fixed artistic form. D. It is lacking in modern works of art. 74. What does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph? A. They express people's curiosity about the past. B. They make people interested in everyday experience. C. They are considered important for variety in form. D. They are regarded as a mirror of the human situation. 75. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? A. History of the arts. B. Basic questions of the arts. C. New developments in the arts. D. Use of modern technology in the arts. 3 答案 72.C 73.B 74.D 75.B ******************************************************结束 (第******篇) Find Which Direction Is South Do you have a good sense of direction? If not, please take with you a compass. But if you forget to take a compass, you can still find your way. It’ s never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted(委 托) with the job of map reading actually knows where the family is. You can tell by the slightly confused look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. Never mind. The sun is shining and it’ s still morning. If you don’t know the exact time, you can still find out where south is, but you’ll need to be patient. ①Find a straight stick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 3 - ②Try to position the stick as vertically(垂直) as you can.You can check this by making a simple plumb line (铅锤线)with a piece of string and weight. You haven’ t got any string？OK, use a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight. ③Mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick. ④Wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again. ⑤Keep doing this until you have made several marks. ⑥The mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shadow, which is cast at midday, when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south. ⑦Pick a point in the distance along the line between the shortest shadow and the stick. ⑧That point is south of where you are. ⑨Now you can turn the map, like you did before, and find which way you should be travelling. [语篇解读] 你有好的方向感吗？如果没有，那就要带上指南针。如果没带指南针呢？ 你仍然可以用其他方法找到方向，本文就是教你如何找到方向的。 1．To find the direction, we ought to be patient probably because________. A. it is not easy to find a proper stick B. it is not easy to position the stick C. it takes hours to make the marks D. it takes about half an hour to make the marks [解析] 推理判断题。依据文章中的③ ⑤可以看出，做阴影的标记最费时间，所以要 耐心。 [答案] C 2．The passage would probably be most helpful to________. A. those who draw maps B. those who get lost C. those who make compasses D. those who do experiments [解析] 推理判断题。依据文章第二段，“我们发现地图上的标记跟身边的不一致”， 可以知道这是迷路时的现象，所以答案为 B。 [答案] B 3．Which of the following pictures best shows the way of finding the direction of south? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 4 - [解析] 依据文章中⑥的叙述，可知：离树棍最近的那条线代表的阴影最短，证明当时 太阳在天空最高，指向的就是最南方，对应的正好是 A。 [答案] A 4．The author presents this passage by________. A. telling an interesting story B. describing an activity in a lively way C. testing an idea by reasoning D. introducing a practical method [解析] 细节理解题。本文介绍的这种方法切实可行，所以作者是通过讲述一个很实用 的方法来阐述这篇文章的。 [答案] D ************************************************************************结束 (第******篇) Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower’ s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees. Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants.A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away — or even chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies. Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. The “e nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when they’re attacked.Scientists say the e nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 5 - a challenging task for managers of greenhouses ，enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants. The research team worked with an e nose that recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the e nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software. To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch (打孔 器)． The e nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber，pepper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage — by insects or with a hole punch — had been done to the tomato leaves. With some fine tuning，a device like the e nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future. [语篇解读] 植物会说话吗？植物如何“交流”？本文中的科学家们正在尝试用 e nose 来测试植物受到伤害时的反应。 5．We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by________. A. making some sounds B. waving their leaves C. producing some chemicals D. sending out electronic signals [解析] 事实细节题。从文章第一段中的“Instead，plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that...”可知，植物通过它本身所产生的一种化学物质来进行交流， 所以答案选 C。 [答案] C 6．What did the scientists do to find out if the e nose worked? A. They presented it with all common crops. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 6 - B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device. C. They collected different damaged leaves. D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves. [解析] 逻辑推理题。从文章第五段可知，为了证实 e nose 的效果，科学家用受到伤 害的叶子与健康的叶子来测试。所以选 D。 [答案] D 7．According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e nose is that it can________. A. pick out ripe fruits B. spot the insects quickly C. distinguish different damages to the leaves D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves [解析] 事实细节题。从倒数第二段中的“But even more impressive，the device could tell which type of damage...”可知，最令人惊奇的是 e nose 能够分辨叶子受到的不同 的“伤害”。 [答案] C 8．We can infer from the last paragraph that the e nose________. A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers B. is not yet used in greenhouses C. is designed by scientists at Purdue D. is helpful in killing harmful insects [解析] 逻辑推理题。从文章最后一段中的“could one day be used in greenhouses to...”推断可知，e nose 还没有运用到 greenhouses 中，由此推断 B 是答案。 [答案] B *******************************************************************结束