2020届人教版高考英语选修8知识串讲：unit1 6页

人教版选修八-unit 1‎ ‎【基础词汇】‎ ‎1.strait n. 海峡 ‎2.ministry n. (政府的)部;(全体)牧师;牧师的职责 ‎3.hardship n. 苦难;困苦 ‎4.federal adj. 联邦制的;联邦政府的 ‎5.rail n. 铁路;扶手;(护栏的)横条 ‎6.aircraft n. 飞行器;航空器;飞机 ‎7.vice n.& adj. 代理;副职 ‎8.pole n. 地极;电极;磁极 ‎9.socialist n. 社会主义者;社会党人　adj. 社会主义者的 ‎10.socialism n. 社会主义 ‎11.tram n. (有轨)电车 ‎12.brake n. 闸;刹车;制动器　vi.& vt. 刹(车);用制动器减速 ‎13.ferry n. 渡船;渡口　vt. 摆渡;渡运 ‎14.authority n. 权威;权力　(pl.) 当局;官方 ‎【高频单词】‎ ‎1.boom n.(人口、贸易的)繁荣　vi.处于经济迅速发展时期 ‎2.nephew n.侄子;外甥 ‎3.customs n.海关;关税;进口税 ‎4.occur vi.发生;出现 ‎5.cattle n.牛(总称)‎ ‎6.luggage n.行李(<美>baggage)‎ ‎7.shave vt.& vi.(shaved; shaved,shaven)刮;剃 ‎8.slip vi.滑动;滑行;滑跤　n.滑动;滑倒 ‎9.bakery n.面包房;面包厂 ‎10.hire vt.& n.租用;雇用 ‎11.seagull n.海鸥 ‎12.nowhere adv.无处;到处都无 ‎13.justice n.正义;公平 ‎14.mourn vt.& vi.哀悼;悼念;表示悲痛 ‎15.civil adj.公民的;国内的;民间的 ‎16.reform vt.& vi.改革;革新　n.改革;改造;改良 ‎17.grasp vt.& n.抓住;抓紧;掌握;领会 ‎18.insert vt.插入;嵌入 ‎【核心词汇】‎ ‎1.distinct adj.清晰的;明显的;明确的→distinction n.差别;区分;卓著 ‎2.mean vt.打算;意味→means n.手段;手法→meaning n.意思 ‎3.majority n.大多数;大半→minority n.少数 ‎4.elect vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人→election n.选择;选举 ‎5.percent n.百分比;百分数→percentage n.百分比;百分率 ‎6.immigrate vi.移入(外国定居)→immigration n.移民;移居入境 ‎7.race n.种族;民族→racial adj.人种的;种族的 ‎8.cross v.横渡;横越→crossing n.横渡;横越;十字路口;人行横道 ‎9.apply v.申请→applicant n.申请人→application n.申请 ‎10.indicate　vt.指出;标示;表明;暗示→indicator n.指示物→indication n.迹象 ‎ ‎11.apparent　adj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的→‎ apparently　adv.显然地;显而易见地 ‎ ‎12.conduct　v.指导;指挥→conductor　n.(公车)售票员;列车员;(乐队)指挥 ‎ ‎13.punish v.处罚;惩罚→punishment n.处罚;惩罚 ‎14.thank v.感激;感谢→thankful adj.感激的;感谢的 ‎【词汇拓展】‎ ‎1.与“雇用、辞退”有关的词汇全接触 hire n.&vt.雇用 employ vt.雇用 fire vt.解雇 dismiss vt.解雇 lay off 解雇;下岗 turn away 解雇 take on 雇用 ‎2.“多数”与“少数”‎ major adj.主要的　vi.主修　n.专业 majority n.大多数 in the majority占多数 minor adj.少数的 minority n.少数 in the minority占少数 ‎3.单复数意义不同的名词 custom(风俗习惯)→customs(海关)‎ manner(方式)→manners(礼貌)‎ iron(铁)→irons(镣铐)‎ arm(手臂)→arms(武器)‎ glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜)‎ pain(痛苦)→pains(劳苦)‎ paper(纸)→papers(文件)‎ ‎4.“明显”相关单词集锦 apparent→apparently obvious→obviously evident→evidently distinct→distinctly ‎5.means相关用法大全 by this means通过这种方式 by means of...用……办法;借助……‎ by no means决不;一点都不(置于句首时,句子需用部分倒装)‎ by all means当然可以;一定;务必;尽一切办法 by any means无论如何 ‎6.mark常用搭配 mark out 划出(界线、范围)‎ mark with 以……为标记,以……表明 make a mark 做标记 earn high marks 获得高分,取得优良成绩 give sb.a good mark 给某人好的分数 high mark 高分 low mark 低分 ‎【短语】‎ ‎1.the Arctic 北极 ‎2.make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 ‎3.mark out 用线画出范围;标出……界线 ‎4.back to back 背靠背 ‎1.包括;吸收 take in ‎2.坚持;维持;沿袭(传统、风俗等) keep up ‎3.继续存在;继续生存 live on ‎4.与……合作或一起工作 team up with ‎5.用……办法;借助…… by means of...‎ ‎6.许多;很多 a great/good many ‎7.申请;请示得到 apply for ‎8.好好欣赏 get/have a good view of ‎【词汇拓展】‎ ‎“动词+on”短语荟萃 decide on 对……作出决定 count on 依赖 center on 以……为中心 act on 对……起作用;按照……行事 build on 建立于 operate on 给……做手术 wait on 服侍 step on 踩;踏 look on 旁观 live on 继续存在;继续生存 ‎【句式】‎ ‎1.However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.‎ 然而,可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就生活在加利福尼亚了。‎ 考点提炼It is likely that...意为“很可能……”。在该句型中,it为句子的形式主语,that从句为真正的主语。‎ ‎2.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.‎ 那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。‎ 考点提炼That is why...意为“那就是……的原因”,在该句型中,why 引导表语从句。‎ ‎【仿写句子】‎ ‎1.他很可能会受伤,因为他总是很轻易就相信别人。‎ It is likely that he will get hurt because he always trusts people easily.‎ ‎2.那就是这家工厂没有接纳他的原因。‎ That’s why the factory didn’t take him in.‎ ‎【语篇填空】‎ ‎　　In 1848,not long 1.after the American-Mexican war,gold 2.was discovered(discover)in California.The dream of becoming rich 3.quickly(quick) ‎ attracted people from all over the world.The 4.nearest(near),and therefore the first 5.to arrive(arrive),were South Americans and people from the United States.Then 6.adventurers(adventure)from Europe and Asia soon followed.In fact,few achieved their dream of becoming rich.Some died or returned home,7.but most remained in California to make 8.a life for themselves despite great hardship.They settled in the new towns or on farms.9.By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850,10.it was already a multicultural society.‎