2020届高考英语外研版大一轮复习课后达标检测：必修4Module2 5页

‎(建议用时：35分钟)‎ 阅读理解 ‎ (2019·合肥质检)Cycling is well known to improve individual health and fitness; it also benefits the wider population in terms of economy, transport and environment. The E．U. promotes cycling via many measures primarily to achieve sustainable(可持续的) clean and energyefficient transport systems. However, despite the fact that the benefits outweigh the risks by 20∶1, many consider the risks too great and that the fear of danger on the road needs to be handled. Cycle lanes(车道) have been used to improve cyclists’ safety and encourage more cyclists onto the road. This research in transport aims to study the effect of cycle lanes on cyclists’ safety where passing space given by overtaking(超车) vehicles is concerned.‎ In this study, the authors used a bicycle equipped with cameras to record vehicle overtaking in varying road situations to determine whether cycle lanes, color block cycle lanes or no cycle lanes affect passing distances and cyclists’ safety. Their 3 comparisons measuring vehicle passing widths found greater overall distances given with a cycle lane than without. Color block vs. uncolored cycle lanes showed little or no difference, as did no cycle lanes vs. color block cycle lanes. Color block lanes had a slight negative effect suggesting that drivers are more careful when cycle lanes have less definition(清晰度)．‎ Interestingly, the authors conclude that other factors have a far greater effect on cyclists’ safety than presence or absence of cycle lanes. Road width, parking, opposite vehicle flow and speed were key influences on decreased passing widths. The authors also note that driver behaviour is a hugely important factor and urge more research in this area.“In order to reduce risks and encourage more cycling, reducing and calming the existing motorised traffic must be explored first.” They suggest，“Lane width is the most significant variable(变量) to achieve a sufficient vehicle passing distance. The narrow cycle lanes (<2m) may be not enough. Reconsideration of the entire road design and further exploration of driver behavioural factors are required.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了为了实现可持续的清洁和节能的交通系统，欧盟大力推广使用自行车，并指出在自行车的推广过程中要解决安全的问题。‎ ‎1．What is the main purpose of the E．U.’s promoting cycling?‎ A．To reduce air pollution.‎ B．To build better transport systems.‎ C．To improve people’s health.‎ D．To help people save money on transport.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The E．U. promotes cycling via many measures primarily to achieve sustainable(可持续的) clean and energyefficient transport systems.”可知，‎ 欧盟通过多种途径推广使用自行车主要是为了建立可持续的清洁和节能的交通系统，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．According to the study, color block lanes may ．‎ A．make drivers a bit careless B．cause no overtaking C．get cyclists to feel safer D．lead to greater passing distances A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Color block lanes had a slight negative effect suggesting that drivers are more careful when cycle lanes have less definition(清晰度)．”可知，彩色车道有轻微的负面效应，当自行车车道清晰度较低时驾驶员要更小心。据此可以判断，彩色车道会使驾驶员变得粗心，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．In the researchers’ eyes, the first step to encourage more cycling is to ．‎ A．redesign and rebuild the roads in a city B．do more research in public bicycle programs C．restrict the number of vehicles running on the road D．make strict traffic rules to control driver behaviour C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In order to reduce risks and encourage more cycling, reducing and calming the existing motorised traffic must be explored first.”可知，为了降低风险，鼓励更多地使用自行车，首先要减少现有的机动车辆，即控制路上的机动车的数量，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．The authors of the research think that drivers’ behaviour ．‎ A．needs further exploration B．is an unimportant factor C．makes cycle lanes narrower D．is the most significant variable A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Reconsideration of the entire road design and further exploration of driver behavioural factors are required”可知，需要对驾驶员的行为因素做进一步探索，故A项正确。‎ 七选五 ‎(2019·成都第二次诊断性检测)Confidence is a skill that many folks want to master, but they have a hard time acquiring it. Have you ever wondered why? Possibly you were born confident. You were talked to negatively as a child or maybe you were rejected many times. Whatever the case is, 1. . But how to boost your confidence?‎ Begin to act as if you are confident. Act as the person you would want to be like. 2. . Surround yourself with people who you think are confident and have high values. You will learn ‎ so much from observing other confident folks.‎ ‎3． . One of the areas that you need to pay attention to is your selftalk. Your thoughts about your capabilities and selfworth need to be positive and encouraging. Whenever you notice you think negatively, pause and take a moment, and shift your focus to something that can help you feel better about yourself.‎ Go after your goals. If you are really serious about building selfconfidence, you need to identify your goals and go after them. The more you add to your accomplishments, the more confident you will feel about your abilities and skills. 4. ．‎ By using these steps to boost your confidence, 5. .‎ A．Always stay positive B．Improve your positive selftalk C．Begin to think and behave like them D．This requires you to know what a confident person looks like E．you will be on the path to improving your selfesteem and selfworth F．You’ll begin to trust your inner self more and appreciate yourself more G．you should know you can improve your selfesteem and build confidence ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了增强自信心的方法和策略。‎ ‎1．G　解析：根据空后“But how to boost your confidence？”，再结合语境可知，此处表示“无论是什么情况，你都应该知道你是可以增强你的自尊心和自信心的”，所以选G项。‎ ‎2．D　解析：空处承接上文的“Act as the person you would want to be like.”，要像你想成为的那个人一样行动，这就需要你知道一个有信心的人是什么样子的，所以选D项。‎ ‎3．B　解析：空处是本段主旨句，根据空后内容可知，本段主要讲改善积极的自我表达，所以选B项。‎ ‎4．F　解析：空处承接上文的“The more you add to your accomplishments, the more confident you will feel about your abilities and skills.”，是这一行为的结果，故F项“你将会更加相信自己的内心，并更加欣赏自己”符合语境。‎ ‎5．E　解析：空处承接并总结上文，E项与文章开头相呼应，符合文章主旨，故选E项。‎ 语法填空 ‎(2019·福建高三毕业班质检)No one is sure how many Americans belong to reading groups called book clubs. Yet 1. (publisher) and bookstores report that more and more people throughout the United States are joining 2. (they)．‎ Most of the clubs work the same way. Members read the same book at the same time. Then they meet to talk about the book. Members may be friends or people 3. live near each other. Some Americans belong to reading groups on 4. Internet. These groups ‎ include people around the world who communicate about books they read. They send electronic mails instead of gathering 5. (discuss) books.‎ Most reading groups study books by 6. (variety) writers. However，some groups read the work of a single writer，7. (usual) one that has been famous for a while. Other groups may 8. (name) for an important person in the work of a writer，9. a Sherlock Holmes Club. Members of these book clubs often are experts on their 10. (choose) reading materials. One member of a Holmes reading group，for example，can identify almost every person in every Sherlock Holmes story.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国越来越多的人加入读书俱乐部以及读书俱乐部的运作方式、命名方式等。‎ ‎1．publishers　解析：考查名词。此处与and后面的bookstores一起构成并列主语，publisher为可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故填publishers。‎ ‎2．them　解析：考查代词。join表示“成为……的一员，加入”，是及物动词，后面应跟宾语，故填they的宾格形式them。‎ ‎3．who/that　解析：考查定语从句。先行词是people，空处在从句中作主语，故填who/that。‎ ‎4．the　解析：考查冠词。on the Internet“在网上”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎5．to discuss　解析：考查非谓语动词。他们发送电子邮件而不是聚集起来讨论他们读过的书。此处动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎6．various　解析：考查形容词。大部分读书俱乐部研究不同作家的书。空后的writers为名词，应该用形容词来修饰，variety的形容词形式为various，故填various。‎ ‎7．usually　解析：考查副词。空后的“one that has been famous for a while”是空前writer的同位语。usually起强调作用，修饰代词one。部分副词起强调作用时，可修饰名词、代词、介词短语等，如：Even John agreed to come.(修饰名词)；Only she could come.(修饰代词)；He went to the party only because of his wife.(修饰介词短语)。‎ ‎8．be named　解析：考查被动语态。此处name是动词，意为“命名”，在句中作谓语，与主语“Other groups”之间为被动关系，且空前有情态动词，故填be named。‎ ‎9．like　解析：考查介词。其他的俱乐部可能以一个作家的作品里的一个重要人物而命名，比如夏洛克·福尔摩斯俱乐部。空后为举例子，故填like“像，例如”。‎ ‎10．chosen　解析：考查非谓语动词。这些读书俱乐部的成员通常是他们选中的阅读材料方面的专家。提示词choose是动词，与其所修饰的名词短语“reading materials”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用choose的过去分词作定语，故填chosen。‎ 短文改错 ‎(2019·南宁摸底联考)I came to the U．S. as a exchange student a year before. There are four people in my host family. They are Mr. Garavalia，his wife and his child. The host family has a magic what has pulled me in and make me part of it. I remember when I first arrived at my ‎ house，it was far past their usual bedtime. But Mr. Garavalia still waited me in the living room and gave me a huge hug just as I walked in.I was felt so warm after 14 hours of tired flight. Every day they treat me as if I were their really family.I love them very much.‎ 答案：‎ I came to the U．S. as exchange student a year .There are four people in my host family. They are Mr. Garavalia，his wife and his .The host family has a magic has pulled me in and me part of it. I remember when I first arrived at house，it was far past their usual bedtime. But Mr. Garavalia still waited me in the living room and gave me a huge hug just as I walked in. I felt so warm after 14 hours of flight. Every day they treat me as if I were their family. I love them very much.‎