2020届外研版高考英语一轮复习必修5学案：Module2AJobWorthDoing 18页

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．intellectual adj.　　　　　　 脑力的；思维的，需用才智的 ‎2．bend n. 弯曲处；弯道 ‎3．encounter n. 相遇；邂逅 ‎4．profound adj. (影响)深刻的；极大的 ‎5．salary n. 工资；薪水 ‎6．staff n. 全体职员；员工 ‎7．organisational adj. 组织的 ‎8．post n. 工作；职位 ‎9．renewable adj. (合同)可续签的 ‎10．database n. 数据库；资料库 ‎11．youngster n. 年轻人 ‎12．individual n. 个人 ‎13．biochemist n. 生物化学家 ‎14．shot n. (电影、电视或照片的)镜头 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．offer vi. (主动)提出(愿意做某事)‎ ‎2．signal n. 信号 ‎3．respect vt. 遵守 ‎4．temporary adj. 暂时的；临时的 ‎5．contract n．[纵联1] 合同；契约 ‎6．earn vt. 挣(钱)‎ ‎7．permanent adj. 长久的；永久的；永恒的 ‎8．essential adj.[纵联2、3] 必不可少的；绝对重要的 ‎9．grateful adj. 感激的；感谢的 ‎10．available adj. 可获得的 ‎11．double vi. 加倍 ‎12．outgoing adj.[纵联4] 外向的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．satisfying adj.令人满意的→satisfied adj.满意的；满足的→satisfy vt.(使)满意；(使)满足→satisfaction n．满意；满足 ‎2．stressful adj.充满压力的；紧张的→stress n．压力→stressed adj.有压力的；紧张的 ‎3．accountant n．会计→account n．账户；账目 ‎4．miner n．矿工→mine n．矿；矿山；矿井 v．开矿→mineral n．矿物质 ‎5．volunteer n．志愿者 v．志愿→voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的 ‎6．direct vt.指挥 adj.直接的→direction n．方向；方位→directly adv.直接地；径直地 ‎7．qualified adj.合格的；称职的→qualify v．(使)获得资格→qualification n．资格；资历 ‎8．freeze vi.冻住；冻僵；惊呆→freezer n．冰箱→freezing adj.极冷的→frozen adj.冻住的；冻僵的 ‎9．sign vt.签字；签署→signature n．签名；签字 ‎10．apply vi.申请；适用；应用→application n．申请→applicant n．申请人 ‎11．require vt.需要→requirement n．需要；要求 ‎12．demand n．要求；需要vt.强烈要求→demanding adj.要求高的；费力的 ‎13．traditional adj.传统的→tradition n．传统→traditionally adv.传统地 ‎14．fitness n．健康→fit adj.健康的；强健的 ‎15．suffer vi.遭受(痛苦)→suffering n．痛苦；苦难 ‎16．personality n．个性；性格→personal adj.个人的；私人的→personally adv.亲自地；就个人而言 纵联1.火眼金睛识别形近词 ‎①contract n. 合同；契约 ‎②contact v．& n. 接触，联系 ‎③contrast v．& n. 对比，对照 纵联2.“重要的”形容词一览 ‎①essential绝对重要的 ②important重要的 ‎③significant有重大意义的 ④vital至关重要的 纵联3.ial结尾形容词荟萃 ‎①essential必不可少的 ②commercial商业的，营利的 ‎③social社会的；交际的 ④racial种族的 ‎⑤official官方的，正式的 ⑥beneficial有益的，有利的 ‎⑦initial最初的 ⑧artificial人造的 ‎⑨confidential秘密的；机密的 ⑩controversial有争议的 纵联4.“性格”各不相同 ‎①outgoing外向的 ②easygoing随和的 ‎③optimistic乐观的 ④humorous有幽默感的 ‎⑤modest谦虚的 ⑥generous宽宏大量的 ‎⑦selfish自私的 ⑧selfless无私的 ‎⑨sensitive敏感的；体贴的 ⑩stubborn顽固的，固执的 单元话题——志愿活动 子话题1　活动内容 ‎　①sweep v．清扫，打扫 ②virtue n．美德；品行 ‎③undertake v．承担，从事 ④competent adj.能胜任的 ‎⑤experience v．体验，经历 ⑥considerate adj.考虑周到的 ‎⑦be enthusiastic about 对……热心的 ‎⑧be keen on 热衷于 ‎⑨be ready to help others 乐于助人 子话题2　活动感受 ‎　①benefit v. 受益，有益于 ‎②rewarding adj. 值得的，有收获的 ‎③improve v. 提高，改善 ‎④worthwhile adj. 值得做的 ‎⑤cheerful adj. 高兴的，愉快的 ‎⑥benefit a lot from 从……受益匪浅 ‎⑦get precious experience 获得宝贵经验 ‎⑧learn to be grateful 学会感恩 ‎⑨share with 与……分享 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018·北京高考阅读七选五) Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances.People who have personality❶ traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry.Having these personality traits implies the ‎ preanger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.Also, sometimes preanger does not have to do with a lasting❷ condition, but rather a temporary❸ state before a triggering event has occurred.‎ ‎①写出personality在句中的含义：个性；性格 ‎②写出lasting在本单元中的同义词：permanent ‎③写出temporary在句中的含义：暂时的；临时的 ‎2．(2018·浙江高考阅读七选五) A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer❶ to collect mail and newspapers.If a neighbor suffers❷ an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping.Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still 　❸　 (respect) the privacy of your neighbor.‎ ‎①写出offer在句中的含义：(主动)提出 ‎②写出suffers在句中的含义：遭受 ‎③用respect的正确形式填空：respecting，写出其在句中的含义：尊重 ‎3．(2014·浙江高考阅读C) These health❶ benefits apply❷ to the workplace as well.Rachel Kaplan, a professor of environmental psychology, has spent years researching the restorative effects of natural environments.Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office — even simple views of trees and flowers — felt their jobs were less 　❸　 (stress) and more 　❹　 (satisfy)．If lowtech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then, fine, bring on the cottages.‎ ‎①写出health在本单元的同义词：fitness ‎②写出apply在句中的含义：适用，apply to意为：适用于 ‎③用stress的正确形式填空：stressful ‎④用satisfy的正确形式填空：satisfying 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果你想申请成为会员，需要你填写申请表并发邮件至pingpong@123.com。(apply, require, application)‎ If_you_want_to_apply_for_membership,_you_are_required_to_fill_in_the_application_form_and_send_an_email_to_pingpong_@123.com.‎ ‎2．(2015·陕西高考书面表达)我真的想得到这次宝贵的机会，因为通过提供服务，我将能够提高我的组织能力、交际能力和在公共场合讲英语的自信。(offer, organisational)‎ I_really_want_to_obtain_this_precious_opportunity_because,_by_offering_my_service,_I_will_be_able_to_improve_my_organisational_ability,_communication_skills_as_well_as_my_confidence_in_speaking_English_in_public.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．satisfying adj.令人满意的 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)satisfy v．　　　　　　　　 (使)满意；(使)满足 ‎(2)satisfied adj. 满足的；满意的 be satisfied with 对……感到满意 ‎(3)satisfaction n. 满足；满意 to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①(2016·天津高考) He had more job satisfaction (satisfy), a better marriage and was healthier.‎ ‎②(2015·陕西高考) Satisfied (satisfy) that I'd done a good job, I would happily return the comb to Dad.‎ ‎③The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying (satisfy) relationships.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④令我满意的是，你在英语方面取得了很大的进步。‎ To_my_satisfaction,_you_have_made_great_progress_in_English.‎ ‎2．offer v．(主动)提出(愿意做某事)；提供；出价 n．出价；提供；提议 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)offer sb.sth.＝offer sth.to sb. 向某人提供某物 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 ‎(2)offer sb.money for sth. 向某人出价购买某物 offer sb.sth.for money 向某人索价卖某物 ‎(3)make an offer (of) 出价；提供；提议 accept one's offer 接受某人的提议 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) A Toronto man is offering a free roundtheworld air ticket to the right woman.‎ ‎②Fortunately, a man offered to_take (take) him around the different spots for free.‎ ‎③(2015·天津高考) Days later, we made an offer — far below the asking price.‎ 补全句子 ‎④(2015·湖北高考写作) Two years ago, our teacher offered_us_an_answer_to a difficult ‎ math problem in class.‎ 两年前，我们的老师在课堂上给我们提供了一个数学难题的答案。‎ ‎[写美]　句式升级 ‎⑤They not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically.‎ ‎→Not_only_do_they_offer_us_joy_and_excitement,_but also encourage us to think critically.(部分倒装)‎ ‎[联想]　表示“向某人提供某物”的常见短语还有：‎ ‎①supply sb.with sth.＝supply sth.to sb.‎ ‎②provide sb.with sth.＝provide sth.for sb.‎ ‎3．apply v．申请；适用；应用；使专心致志 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)apply (to ...) for　　　 (向……)申请 apply to do sth. 申请去做某事 apply to 适用于(to为介词)‎ apply ...to ... 把……应用于……‎ apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力于 ‎(2)application n. 请求；申请，申请表；应用 applicant n. 申请人 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) We had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions.‎ ‎②(2016·浙江高考) When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest.‎ ‎③To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants (apply) to attend the opening ceremony.‎ ‎④Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application (apply)．‎ 单句改错 ‎⑤(2016·天津高考) Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learn how to read and write.learn→learning ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑥(2018·浙江高考写作)我写信申请学生志愿者的职位。‎ I'm_writing_to_apply_for_the_position_as_a_student_volunteer.‎ ‎4．require vt.需要；要求 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)require sth.of sb.　　　　　　 向某人要求某物 require sb.to do sth. 需要/要求某人做某事 require that sb.(should) do sth.‎ ‎ 要求某人做某事(that从句中用虚拟语气)‎ ‎(2)requirement n. 要求，需要；必需品 meet/satisfy one's requirements 满足某人的需要 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) They are required to_process (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.‎ ‎②(2017·浙江高考) She was skeptical that the language requirement (require) would encourage integration.‎ ‎③All the problems put forward at the meeting require solving/to_be_solved (solve) in one month.‎ 单句改错 ‎④It is required in the school regulations that students can not wear long hair or jewels.can→should或去掉can ‎[用准]　require作“需要”讲时，其后跟v.ing主动形式表示被动的含义或不定式的被动式，即：require doing/to be done。类似用法的词还有need, want, deserve等。‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 校长要求所有的学生在学校穿校服。‎ ‎⑤The headmaster required_all_the_students_to_wear school uniforms at school.(require sb.to do sth.)‎ ‎⑥The headmaster required_that_all_the_students_(should)_wear school uniforms at school.(require that ...)‎ ‎5．demand n．要求；需要vt.强烈要求 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)in demand　　　　　　　　 被需要；受欢迎 meet/satisfy one's demand(s) 满足某人的需求 ‎(2)demand sth.of sb. 向某人要求某物 demand (of sb.) to do sth. 要求(某人)做某事 demand that sb.(should) do sth.‎ ‎ 要求某人做某事(that从句中用虚拟语气)‎ ‎(3)demanding adj. 苛求的；要求高的；费力的 ‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Since waiters are still in demand, I want to apply for the position.‎ ‎②(2015·北京高考) Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding (demand) customers.‎ 单句改错 ‎③My English teacher demanded me to recite the whole passage in front of the class.me前加of 句型转换 ‎④The teacher demanded to be given my parents' telephone number.‎ ‎→The teacher demanded that he (should)_be_given my parents' telephone number.‎ ‎[用准]　“要求某人做某事”不能用demand sb.to do sth.表达，但可以用demand of sb.to do sth.。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2018·天津高考书面表达)我想强调的是，我们队现在需要一些新成员。‎ What_I_want_to_stress_is_that_some_new_members_are_in_demand_in_our_group.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) I have already finished my job application (申请) form and personal resume.‎ ‎2．I'm so grateful (感激的) to all those volunteers (志愿者) because they helped my terrible day end happily.‎ ‎3．There are plenty of jobs available (可获得的) in the western part of the country.‎ ‎4．She finds her new jobs very stressful (充满压力的) but she will never give it up.‎ ‎5．The girl's personality (性格) is so outgoing (外向的) that she is very popular among her friends.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Much to my delight, my teacher offered to_help (help) me with my research paper.‎ ‎2．Both of them admitted that their operation on the project was a satisfying (satisfy) experience.‎ ‎3．As is known to all, nutrition and exercise are essential to our health.‎ ‎4．He often volunteered to_perform (perform) in the countryside.‎ ‎5．A policeman stood in the middle of the road, directing (direct) the traffic.‎ ‎6．A lot of dirty clothes require cleaning/to_be_cleaned (clean) so she will not go out shopping this weekend.‎ ‎7．Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible.‎ ‎8．This is a demanding (demand) job and a small mistake can make a great difference.‎ ‎9．The new technology, if applied (apply) to farming, will help increase the grain output.‎ ‎10．Having_suffered (suffer) such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．He is now applying himself to study traditional Chinese medical science.study→studying ‎2．People suffered from heavy losses during the flood.去掉from ‎3．It rained last night so the flowers don't require watered.watered→watering ‎4．The boy's parents were glad to see his satisfied result of the final exam.satisfied→satisfying ‎5．She demanded that I must give an immediate answer to the matter.去掉must或must→should Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．我从报纸上了解到你公司需要一名英语秘书，我写信申请该职位。(apply)‎ I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary, and I'm writing to_apply_for_the_position.‎ ‎2．那个年轻人主动将自己的座位让给了那位老人。(offer)‎ The young man offered_the_old_man_his_own_seat/offered_his_own_seat_to_the_old_man.‎ ‎3．自从莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖以来，他的小说在这座城市的需求量很大。(demand)‎ Mo Yan's novels are in_great_demand in this city since he won the Nobel Prize for literature.‎ ‎4．她耐心地向学生解释了所有的规则并要求每个学生都遵守。(require)‎ She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required_everyone_to_follow/required _that_everyone_(should)_follow them.‎ ‎5．如果你能告诉我如何解决那个难题的话我将非常感激。(grateful)‎ I_would_be_very_grateful_if you could tell me how to solve the difficult problem.‎ ‎ (一)课前自主学习 ‎1．in_particular　　　　　　　 尤其；特别 ‎2．on_average [串记1] 平均 ‎3．in_theory [串记2] 理论上；从理论上来说 ‎4．in_practice 实际上；在实践中 ‎5．pass_by 经过 ‎6．take_...for_granted 以为……理所当然 ‎7．have_an_effect_on 对……产生影响 ‎8．take_up 站好位置以备……；占据；从事 ‎9．take_notice_of 注意到 ‎10．in_response_to [串记3] 作为……的回应 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“on＋n.”短语精选 ‎①on average平均 ②on business出差；做生意 ‎③on sale出售 ④on duty值日，值班 ‎⑤on guard(保持)警惕 ⑥on display/show展示 串记2.“in＋n.”短语大比拼 ‎①in theory理论上；从理论上来说 ‎②in practice实际上；在实践中 ‎③in reality实际上 ④in great demand迫切需要 ‎⑤in advance预先，提前 ⑥in danger在危险中 ‎⑦in trouble陷入困境 ⑧in view在视野范围内 串记3.“in＋n.＋to”短语总动员 ‎①in response to 作为……的回应 ‎②in contrast to 与……相比 ‎③in preference to 而不是 ‎④in regard to 关于，对于 ‎⑤in addition to 除……外 ‎⑥in reply to 对……回复 ‎1．in bad condition 状况差 ‎2．come off the road 驶出公路 ‎3．every two weeks 每两周 ‎4．from dawn to dusk 从拂晓到黄昏 ‎5．in progress 在进行中 ‎6．have a day off 请一天假 ‎7．from opposite directions 来自相反方向 ‎8．respect the rules 遵守规则 ‎9．be related to 与……有关 ‎10．open up 开发；开放 ‎1．Every morning he climbs up to the bend with_a_large_circular_board_in_his_hand.‎ 每天早晨，他都手里拿着一个大圆板爬上弯道。‎ ‎2．But often they just pass by, taking_the_human_traffic_signal_for_granted.‎ 但经常他们只是从他身旁驶过，把人体交通标志看作理所当然的事情。‎ ‎3．He was_driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.‎ 他正驾驶着一辆满载香蕉的卡车，突然在一个拐弯处偏离车道坠落到山下300米处。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语和句式(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2013·湖南高考完形填空) After a while, I was sure the girls had_passed_by (已经走开了)．‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ完形填空) On March 19, Dennis got a group text informing him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital, waiting_for_the_arrival_of_a_baby (等待着一个婴儿的到来)．‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/词汇升级)‎ ‎1．(2014·重庆高考写作)相反，智能手机不仅占据了我们宝贵的时间，而且对我们的健康非常有害。‎ On the contrary, smartphones not only take_up_our_valuable_time,_but also do great harm to our health.‎ ‎2．(2009·北京高考书面表达)我第一眼看到感觉有点可笑，因为我们中国人想当然地认为吃面条就该用筷子。‎ At first glance, I think it's a bit funny, for we Chinese take_it_for_granted that chopsticks are the tools for eating noodles.‎ ‎3．(2015·江苏高考书面表达) It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people's lives.(用本单元短语替换加黑词) has_an_effect_on ‎4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)因此我给你写一封信，希望得到你的指导和建议。‎ ‎(现在分词作伴随状语)‎ So I'm writing you a letter, hoping_to_get_your_guide_and_suggestions.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．take ...for granted 以为……理所当然 ‎[记牢]‎ take ...seriously　　　　　　　　　 认真对待……‎ take ...into account/consideration 把……考虑在内 take it easy 轻松点 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Take your education very seriously (serious); your future depends on it.‎ ‎②A teacher shouldn't take it for granted that every student has understood what he said in class.‎ 单句改错 ‎③“Just take it easily，” the doctor said, “You will feel better presently.” easily→easy ‎[用准]　take ...for granted 后接that宾语从句时，常用it作形式宾语，构成take it for granted that ...结构。‎ ‎[写美]　词汇升级 ‎④I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions.‎ ‎→I sincerely hope that you will take_my_suggestions_into_account/consideration.‎ ‎2．take up站好位置以备……；开始做(某项工作)，从事；接受；占据(时间、空间等)；继续(中断的话)；拿起 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中take up的含义 ‎①(2015·陕西高考) Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.开始做，从事 ‎②I always take up the book and read when I am in my low spirits.拿起 ‎③She took up the story where she had left off the night before.继续 ‎④A good deal of my time is taken up by driving the children to school.占据 ‎⑤Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受 ‎[记牢]‎ take over　　　　　 接管，接任 take back 拿回，收回 take apart 拆开 take on 承担；呈现；雇用 take in 吸收；包括；理解；收容；欺骗 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎⑥In return, her students took on a completely new look.‎ ‎⑦It is only by taking a correct attitude towards advertising that we can avoid being taken in.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑧现在越来越多的人在没有长久的工作时不得不做临时的工作。‎ Now_more_and_more_people_have_to_take_up_temporary_jobs_when_they_have_no_permanent_ones.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ be doing ...when ...正在做……，这时……‎ ‎[教材原句]　He was_driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2017·天津高考) I was_driving_down_to_London_when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.‎ 我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错路了。‎ ‎(2)I was_about_to_give_up_the_search_when something in the bushes caught my eyes.‎ ‎→I was_on_the_point_of_giving_up_the_search_when something in the bushes caught my eyes.‎ 我正要放弃这次搜索，这时灌木丛中的某样东西吸引了我的目光。‎ ‎(3)She had_just_finished_her_homework_when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.‎ 昨天她刚做完作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹奏钢琴。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)be doing ...when ...正在做……，这时……‎ ‎(2)be about to do ...when .../be on the point of doing ...when ...正要做……，这时……‎ ‎(3)had (just) done ...when ...刚做完……，这时……‎ 注意事项 这些句式中when是并列连词，相当于and at that/this time，而不是when引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady's handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 in particular， on average， in theory， in practice， pass by， have an effect on， take up， take notice of， in response to ‎1．(2015·浙江高考) These comments came in_response_to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.‎ ‎2．I passed_by a girl who dropped her books out of her locker.‎ ‎3．Only students who are skilful at swimming can take_up this activity.‎ ‎4．The surroundings which a child grows up in may have_an_effect_on his development.‎ ‎5．On_average,_women live between five and seven years longer than men.‎ ‎6．Mary waved at the man but he didn't seem to take_notice_of her.‎ ‎7．It will be a difficult year for some people, in_particular those who have business crisis.‎ ‎8．It is a good plan in_theory,_but it remains to be seen whether it works in_practice.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．在这么令人害怕的情况下没有一个可以求助的人，她感到很无助。(with复合结构)‎ With_no_one_to_turn_to in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.‎ ‎2．我们不能以为父母给孩子钱是理所当然的。(take ...for granted)‎ We shouldn't take_it_for_granted_that_parents_should_give_their_children_money.‎ ‎3．孩子们正在操场上踢足球，这时下起了雨。(be doing ...when)‎ The children were_playing_football_on_the_playground_when it began to rain.‎ ‎4．这位老兵经常坐在我的对面，讲述战争年代他的经历。(现在分词短语作伴随状语)‎ The old soldier often sits opposite me, talking_about_his_experiences_during_the_war.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是新华中学的高三学生李华，打算做一名志愿者，参加假期中外学生交流活动。请你给你市举办方国际交流中心写一封申请信，内容包括：‎ ‎1．性格特点；‎ ‎2．英语水平；‎ ‎3．对中国文化感兴趣。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Sir/Madam，‎ I'm Li Hua, a student of Senior Three from Xinhua High School.　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 　‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文属于应用文中的申请信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。文章应分为三个层次：开头作自我介绍(已给出)并说明写信的目的——申请成为志愿者。主体部分主要是按照题目所给的三个要点陈述自己的性格和优势(精通英语和对中国文化感兴趣)，介绍自己时应尽量采用不同的句式来表达。结尾表达期望和感谢。‎ 开头语：我写信申请成为志愿者，参加假期中外学生交流活动。(apply for)‎ I'm_writing_to_apply_for_the_position_as_a_volunteer_in_the_exchange_program_between_Chinese_students_and_international_students.‎ 要点1：我善良、友好且随和。‎ I'm_kind,_friendly_and_easygoing.‎ 要点2：我精通英语。(command)‎ I_have_a_good_command_of_English.‎ 要点3：我对中国文化感兴趣。(用Chinese culture作主语)‎ Chinese_culture_is_what_I'm_interested_in.‎ 结尾语：如果你们能考虑一下我的申请我将不胜感激。(grateful)‎ I'd_be_grateful_if_you_could_take_my_application_into_account.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，并且符合题目的要求，我们需要对要点进行适度拓展。拟定的三个要点前需要一个承上启下句进行过渡，可在三个要点前加上一句“我认为我能胜任这项工作”；要点1可添加定语从句来说明这样的性格有何好处；要点2可添加so that引导的结果状语从句来表示英语精通到什么程度“与外国学生交流很容易”；要点3可补加对于中国文化可以做哪些事情“教书法及如何庆祝中国的传统节日”。‎ 补充衔接句：我认为我能胜任这项工作。‎ I_think_I_am_qualified_for_the_job.‎ 拓展要点1：我善良、友好且随和，这使我能够与我的同学们友好相处。(which引导定语从句， enable)‎ I'm_kind,_friendly_and_easygoing,_which_enables_me_to_get_along_well_with_my_‎ classmates.‎ 拓展要点2：我精通英语，因此我与外国学生交流很容易。(so that引导状语从句， it作形式主语)‎ I_have_a_good_command_of_English_so_that_it's_easy_for_me_to_communicate_with_foreign_students.‎ 补充要点3：我不仅能够教外国学生中国书法，还能教他们如何庆祝中国的传统节日。我确信他们会受益良多。(not only位于句首的倒装句)‎ Not_only_can_I_teach_foreign_students_Chinese_calligraphy_but_also_how_to_celebrate_traditional_Chinese_festivals.I'm_sure_they_will_benefit_a_lot.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本文写作有三个层次，可采用英文写作中最常见的“三段式”行文。注意开头语之后紧跟补充的衔接句，使文章衔接自然；第二段可增加in addition， above all， and等衔接词，使文章更加顺畅；既然是申请信，最后可增加Looking forward to ...期待对方尽早回复。‎ Dear Sir/Madam，‎ I'm Li Hua, a student of Senior Three from Xinhua High School.I'm_writing_to_apply_for_the_position_as_a_volunteer_in_the_exchange_program_between_Chinese_students_and_international_students.I_think_I_am_qualified_for_the_job.‎ I'm_kind,_friendly_and_easygoing,_which_enables_me_to_get_along_well_with_my_classmates.In_addition,_I_have_a_good_command_of_English_so_that_it's_easy_for_me_to_communicate_with_foreign_students.Above_all,_Chinese_culture_is_what_I'm_interested_in.Not_only_can_I_teach_foreign_students_Chinese_calligraphy_but_also_how_to_celebrate_traditional_Chinese_festivals.And_I'm_sure_they_will_benefit_a_lot.‎ I'd_be_grateful_if_you_could_take_my_application_into_account.Looking_forward_to_your_early_reply.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua 理清句间结构之(四)　因果 因果逻辑关系很受高考英语命题者的青睐，因为因果句阐述了两个事件或者事实之间的内在联系，是作者进行分析或者得出结论的地方。一般来说，考查因果关系的题目有两种形式，给出原因推结果或是给出结果找原因。命题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会将因果颠倒，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防止受到迷惑。‎ 表示因果关系的词语有：because, because of, for, since, due to, thanks to, as a result of, as, so, thus, therefore, consequently, in consequence, as a result, result from, result in, cause,‎ ‎ lead to, attribute ...to等。有时候文章中虽然没有出现表示因果关系的标志性词语，但是在逻辑上也存在着因果关系，这个时候考生就需要自己进行判断和推理。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2013·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读七选五 If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about. __54__. As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.Your audience can be your friends.‎ A．You aren't like anybody else B．You already do lots of things well C．Turn your back on too many rules D．Check the rules about dos and don'ts E．Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough F．The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep G．So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse ‎[分析]　分析空格前后内容可知，空格处与前文为因果关系。空格前面一句“Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about.(你的大脑充满了要谈的内容。)”表示原因，因此空格处应填表示结果的选项，而G项中的So在此处表示结果。故选G项。‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2013·重庆卷·B篇 One of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience.This idea has inspired the awardwinning photographer Andrew Zuckerman.He interviewed and took photos of fifty oversixtyfiveyearolds all over the world.His project explores various aspects of their lives.The photos and interviews are now available on our website.‎ Q：Why did Andrew Zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project?‎ A．Because their wisdom deserves to be passed on.‎ B．Because they are physically impressive.‎ C．Because their accomplishments inspired him.‎ D．Because they have similar experiences.‎ ‎[分析]　本题是在因果关系处设题。根据文章第一句话“One of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience.”可知，这些老人的智慧是他们给下一代的礼物，所以值得传递下去。故选A项。‎ ‎[高考典例3]　2014·安徽卷·完形填空 In 2012, I had just recovered from a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writer's conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a 36(holiday) might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I __37__.‎ ‎37．A.kept　　　　　　　　　 B．went C．dropped D．knocked ‎[分析]　通过首句可知，本文为记叙文，作者讲述了自己2012年到佛罗里达州的奥兰多参加作家研讨会的故事。37题前面有so，前后为因果关系，当然是went off(离开)。‎