2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修七Unit4Publictransport单元学案设计（40页） 39页

‎2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修七Unit4 Public transport单元学案设计 ‎　 旅游与交通之(二)——公共交通 ‎ [一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．via prep.经由；通过　　　　　　　　　　2.interval n．间隔，间隙 ‎3．choke vi.& vt.(使)哽咽；塞满 n．哽咽声 4.drunk adj.喝醉的 n．醉汉 ‎5．authority n．权力；当权者 6.anniversary n．周年纪念日 ‎7．split vi.& vt.分割；撕开 8.departure n．离开；背离 ‎9．crash n．& v．碰撞；倒闭 10.aggressive adj.挑衅的 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．convey vt.运送，输送；表达 2.postpone vt.延迟，延期 ‎3．annual adj.每年的，一年一次的 4.timetable n．时间表，时刻表 ‎5．arise vi.出现，产生 6.cyclist n．骑自行车的人 ‎7．enlarge vt.& vi.扩大，增大 8.load vt.装载 n．负载；大量 ‎9．crossing n．十字路口 10.undertake vt.& vi.承担；承诺 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.unfortunately adv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地→fortunate adj ‎.幸运的→fortune n．幸运，财富 ‎*2.unbelievable adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的→believable adj.可信的→believe vt.相信→belief n．相信；看法，信念 ‎　3.growth n．增加，增长；成长，生长→grow v．长大，生长 ‎　4.enquiry n．询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究→enquire v．询问，打听 ‎*5.receptionist n．接待员→reception n．接待处→receive vt.接待，招待 ‎　6.reservation n．预订，预约；保留意见→reserve v．预订，预约；保留；储备 ‎*7.punctual adj.准时的，守时的→punctually adv.准时地，守时地→punctuality n．准时，守时 ‎　8.violate vt.违犯，违反；侵犯→violation n．违反 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．My train should have arrived punctually,_but we cannot guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.‎ ‎2．At the reception,_the receptionists showed their sincere welcome to us.‎ ‎3．After the discovery of gold in America, an increasing number of people began to crowd there, thus resulting in the Gold Rush in history. Unfortunately，among those seeking their fortune,_only a handful were fortunate,_making their fortune in a short time.‎ ‎4．Contrary to the popular belief,_some people insist God does exist.According to them, whenever you believe in God, many things you consider unbelievable will happen.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．vehicle /'viːəkl/ n．　　　交通工具，车辆 ‎2．transport /træns'pɔːt/ n．& vt. 运输；交通 ‎3．tram /træm/ n. 有轨电车 ‎4．lorry /'lɔːri/ n．(英)运货汽车，卡车 ‎5．truck /trʌk/ n. 卡车，运货车 ‎6．motorcycle /'məutəsaikl/ n. 摩托车 ‎7．carriage /'kæridʒ/ n. 四轮马车； (火车)客车厢 ‎8．railway /'reilwei/ n. 铁路；铁道 ‎9．subway/'sʌbwei/ n. 地铁 ‎10．aeroplane /'εərəplein/ n. (英)飞机 ‎11．aircraft /'εəkrɑːft/ n．飞机(单复数同形) ‎ ‎12．airliner /'εəlainə/ n. 班机 ‎13．jet /dʒet/ n. 喷气式飞机 ‎14．flight /flait/ n. 航班 ‎15．helicopter /'helikɔptə/ n. 直升机 ‎16．port /pɔːt/ n. 港口，码头 ‎17．ferry /'feri/ n. 渡船 ‎18．land /lænd/ vi.着陆，登岸(陆)；降落 ‎19．crossroads /'krɔːsˌrəudz/ n. 　交叉路口 ‎20．sidewalk /'saidwɔːk/ n. 人行道 ‎21．highway /'haiwei/ n. 公路 ‎22．collision /kə'liʒən/ n. 碰撞事故 ‎23．block /blɔk/ vt. 阻塞；阻挡 ‎24．brake /breik/ n. 闸 vt.& vi. 刹车 ‎25．trap /træp/ n. 陷阱 vt. 使陷入困境 ‎26．accelerate /ək'seləreit/ vt.& vi. (使)加速 ‎27．delay /di'lei/ vi.& n．拖延，延误，耽搁 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎ [课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.drop_off中途下客或卸货　　　　2.link_up联合，连接 ‎*3.decide_on/upon决定；选定 　4.put_off推迟，推延；使反感 ‎*5.turn_up出现；调高(音量等) 　6.fill_in填写；消磨 ‎　7.a_handful_of少数的，少量的 　8.split_up分组，分解；分离 ‎　9.speed_up(使)加速 　10.arise_from起因于，由……引起 ‎　11.be_true_of符合；对……适用 　12.in_advance提前，事先 ‎*13.at_(...)_intervals每隔…… *14.put_through接通(电话)；使经历 ‎　15.take_the_responsibility_to_do_..._承担责任做……‎ ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．It's up to you to decide_on a day to have a party.‎ ‎2．He promised that he would come, but he hasn't turned_up yet.‎ ‎3．Don't put_off until tomorrow what can be done today.‎ ‎4．He dropped_off at the square and changed to a suburban bus.‎ ‎5．He sat down and waited while the operator put_through his call.‎ ‎6．The discussion continued; at_intervals the speakers stopped for refreshment.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．take off　　　　　　　　起飞 ‎2．go aboard 上船 ‎3．rush hour 交通拥挤时间 ‎4．safe and sound 安然无恙 ‎5．take a bus/by bus 坐公共汽车 ‎6．parking lot 停车场 ‎7．traffic signal/light 交通信号灯 ‎8．driving license/permit 驾照 ‎9．traffic accident 交通事故 ‎10．pay a fine 支付罚款 ‎11．restrict speed 限速 ‎12．break the speed limit 超速 ‎13．run a red light 闯红灯 ‎14．drunk/drunken driving 酒驾 ‎15．obey/observe traffic regulations 遵守交通规则 ‎16．ensure people's safety on the road确保路上行人的安全 ‎17．improve traffic safety awareness 提高交通安全意识 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．“why not＋动词原形”表示“为什么不……”，常用来提出建议 ‎[例句]　So, why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today?‎ ‎[仿写]　既然你喜欢爬山，为什么不选择去泰山旅行呢？(2017·北京高考满分作文)‎ Since you like climbing the mountain, why_not_choose the trip to Mount Tai?‎ ‎2．完全倒装 ‎[例句]　Below are some of the major causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars, minibuses and lorries, and what drivers should do to prevent them.‎ ‎[仿写]　沿途全是大树，如果累了我们可以乘凉。(2017·6月浙江高考满分作文)‎ Along the road are_tall_trees,_we can relax in a cool place if we're tired.‎ ‎3．It is up to sb. to do sth.意为“由某人决定做某事”‎ ‎[例句]　It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.‎ ‎[仿写]　这些仅是我的建议，选择哪一条路线由你来决定。(2017·北京高考满分作文)‎ These are my suggestions but it_is_up_to_you to decide which route to choose.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．It takes me about 15 minutes to walk there but 5 minutes by bus.‎ 步行到那儿我需要花费15分钟，但是坐公交车只需5分钟。‎ ‎2．Many people would choose to take a taxi instead of walking or riding a bike.‎ 很多人宁愿选择坐出租车而不是步行或者骑自行车。‎ ‎3．It's very convenient for us to buy train tickets now because we can buy them either from the station or on the Internet.‎ 现在我们买火车票非常方便，因为我们既可以在车站买票也可以在网上买票。‎ ‎4．Bear in mind that the traffic regulations are of great importance to road safety.‎ 要记住：交通规则对道路安全至关重要。‎ ‎5．It's high time we chose another better means of transport.‎ 早就到了我们选择更好的交通方式的时候了。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ With the development of economy, there are more and more private cars and traffic jams are getting heavier and heavier, which have caused a lot of inconvenience to us. Besides, there are many traffic violations such as speeding, running a red light, drunk driving, driving without license and so on. As a result, traffic accidents occur frequently. So in terms of our convenience and safety, we should take buses or subways 随着经济的发展，私家车越来越多，交通拥堵越来越严重，给我们造成很多不便。此外，还有很多交通违规，例如超速、闯红灯、酒后驾车以及无证驾驶等。结果，交通事故频发。所以，为了我们的方便和安全，我们应该乘坐公交车或者地铁。‎ ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．convey vt.运送，输送；表达，传达 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　Horsedrawn buses, trams, cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centre.‎ 用马拉的公共汽车、有轮电车、出租车和四轮马车被用来把人们送到市中心和周围地区。‎ convey one's feelings/meanings/appreciation/affection/emotions 表达某人的感情/意思/感谢/喜爱/情感 convey sth. to sb.　　向某人表达/传递某物 convey sb./sth. from A to B 把某人或某物从A地运送到B地 ‎①He conveys_his_sincere_appreciation_to_me for my assistance.‎ 因为我对他的帮助，他表达了对我的感激。‎ ‎②Some advertisements convey the false message to people, which may do harm to their life.‎ 一些广告向人们传达错误的信息，这可能对人们的生活有害。‎ ‎2．undertake vt.& vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, undertook the job of improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and setting up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London. ‎ 看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯·耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程，他买下许多不同的地铁线，创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。‎ undertake to do sth.　　　　答应/同意做某事 undertake responsibility/a task/a project ‎ 承担责任/任务/工程 undertake that ... 保证/承诺……‎ ‎①Both sides undertake to facilitate (facilitate) further cultural exchanges.‎ 双方承诺为进一步开展文化交流创造便利条件。‎ ‎②He undertook_that he would finish the job by Saturday.‎ 他保证在星期六以前完成工作。‎ ‎3．load n．[C]负荷，负载；大量，许多vt.装载，装上，装入 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　Carrying more than a light load on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control.‎ 用自行车载重物会使车子难以控制。‎ ‎(1)a load of ＝ loads of　　　　大量，许多 take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑 ‎(2)load ...with ... 用……装载……‎ load ... into/onto ... 把……装到……上去 load off one's mind 去除某人的精神负担 ‎①A photographer from the newspaper was loading his camera with film.‎ 那家报纸的一名摄影师正往相机里装胶卷。‎ ‎②There are a_load_of great places to see in China.‎ 中国有很多特别棒的地方值得一看。‎ ‎③The good news has taken_a_load_off_my_mind that my son is out of danger.‎ 儿子脱离危险的好消息使我如释重负。‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．postpone vt.延期，延迟 ‎ ‎　(1)单句语法填空 ‎①The company postponed sending (send) me the result. ‎ ‎②The postponement (postpone) was due to a dispute over where the talks should be held.‎ ‎(2)补全句子 ‎③她决定当天晚上把谈话搁一搁。‎ She decided to postpone_the_conversation for that evening.‎ ‎④延迟兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的。‎ It was an unpopular decision to_postpone_building_the_new_hospital.‎ ‎2．arise vi.出现；发生；产生；起身；起床 ‎　(1)写出句中arise的含义 ‎①A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.出现 ‎②It can't be too careful while driving. Accidents often arise from carelessness.发生 ‎③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床 ‎④Seeing my father return home, I arose from my chair immediately.起身 ‎(2)句型转换 ‎⑤The present difficulties in our country arise from the reduced value of its money.‎ ‎→The present difficulties in our country arise out of the reduced value of its money.‎ ‎3．reservation n．预订，预约；保留意见 ‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①The national wildlife reserve (reservation) is protected well.　‎ ‎②She sat at the table reserved (reserve) for customers. ‎ ‎(2)补全句子 ‎③请给酒店打个电话预订房间。‎ Please call the hotel and make_a_reservation.‎ ‎④我完全相信你的话。‎ I accept your statement without_reservation.‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Unfortunately(fortunate)，the drug is of limited value in treating cancer.‎ ‎2．It is hard to_convey (convey) my feelings in words but I still want to express my thanks. ‎ ‎3．Due to the bad weather, we decided to postpone leaving (leave)．‎ ‎4．He comes back to see us at regular intervals.‎ ‎5．The project undertaken (undertake) by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful.‎ ‎6．His school friends and his teachers visited him and he got loads (load) of presents and cards.‎ ‎7．The Olympics were telecast live via satellite.‎ ‎8．This problem should be reserved for further consideration.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The good news has taken a load of my mind.of→off ‎ ‎2．They recorded the temperature for intervals of 4 hours.for→at ‎3．The company postponed make a decision and we just had to wait.make→making ‎4．Our teacher is punctual in class every day and she is never late.in→for ‎ ‎5．Misunderstanding arose from lack of social communication, unless handled properly, may lead to serious problems. arose→arising ‎6．Yesterday the boss undertook pay off the rest of my salary the next month.pay前加to ‎7．Hot water conveyed from the boiler to the radiators.water后加is/was Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译)‎ ‎1．运动会已被延期到星期五举行。‎ The sports meeting has_been_postponed_until Friday.‎ ‎2．前排座位全是给领导留的。‎ All the front seats are_reserved_for leaders.‎ ‎3．这是我承担过的最艰巨的任务。‎ This is the most onerous task I have_ever_undertaken.‎ ‎4．要准时赴约，如果你会迟到，应该事先告诉你的朋友。‎ Be_punctual_for_appointments,_and let your friend know it if you may be late.‎ ‎5．工人们正在往卡车上装煤。‎ ‎①The_workers_are_loading_coal_onto/into_the_truck.(load ... onto/into ...)‎ ‎②The_workers_are_loading_the_truck_with_coal.(load ... with ...)‎ ‎6．事故往往起因于粗心。‎ ‎①Accidents_often_arise_from_carelessness.(arise from)‎ ‎②Accidents_often_arise_out_of_carelessness.(arise out of)‎ ‎③Carelessness_often_results_in_accidents.(result in)‎ ‎ [第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．link up 联合，连接；使结合；使连接 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provided underground service in the middle of the city.‎ 十六年后的1884年，大都会铁路公司和大都会区铁路公司联合，为城市中部地区提供地铁服务。‎ link up with　　　　　　与……联合/汇合/碰头 link ... with/to ... 将……和……联系或连接起来 be linked to/with 与……有关 ‎①The two spacecraft will link_up_with each other in orbit.‎ 两艘宇宙飞船将于轨道上互相连接。‎ ‎②Local terminals are_linked_to the central computer.‎ 当地的终端被连接到中心计算机上。‎ ‎2．put through 给某人接通(电话)；使经历；使成功；使通过；完成 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　OK, I will put you through to the receptionist and she can take down your details.‎ 好的，我帮你接通接待员的电话，她会记录你的详细要求。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中put through的含义 ‎①If she's not in, can you put me through to her secretary? 给某人接通电话 ‎②I told myself I would not put my mom through that pain again. ‎ 使经受 ‎③Paul expects to put through the project at the first attempt.完成 break through　　　　　突破；突围 cut through 抄近路穿过；影响，符合 get through 通过；接通电话；使(某人)理解 go through 通过；经历；仔细察看；查阅 look through 仔细检查；浏览 see through 看穿，识破；看透 ‎④I don't know how poor people got_through those cold winters.‎ 我不知道穷人们是怎样熬过那些寒冬的。‎ ‎⑤He tried to trick us, but we saw_through his game.‎ 他试图欺骗我们，但是我们看穿了他的把戏。‎ ‎3．speed up (使)加速 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　Newsflash: A new service has just opened between Beijing and Dalian and this has speeded up travel between the two cities.‎ 新闻快讯：在北京和大连之间刚刚开通了一项新的列车服务，这加速了两个城市之间的旅行。‎ at high/low/full/top speed　　以高/低/全/最高速 at a speed of ... 以……速度 with great/all speed 以很快的速度/全速 ‎①Suddenly, a bike rushed out of the lane at_high_speed. We crashed into each other. ‎ 忽然一辆自行车高速驶出胡同，我们撞车了。‎ ‎②We're driving at_a_speed_of about 50 miles each hour. ‎ 我们以每小时大约50英里的速度驾车前进。‎ ‎[名师点津]　speed的过去式、过去分词有两种形式：speeded, speeded 或sped, sped；speed up的反义短语为slow down“放慢速度”。‎ ‎4．So, why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today?‎ 那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？ ‎ ‎　‎ 句型why not ...主要有两层含义：‎ ‎(1)why not跟不带to的动词不定式，用来提出建议，表示“为什么不做……呢，做……如何”相当于why don't you do ...?‎ ‎(2)why not可单独使用，表示同意，意为“当然可以，好啊，干嘛不”‎ ‎①You're obviously worried about something; why not get (get) it off your chest?‎ 你显然有心事，何不一吐为快？‎ ‎②—May I go with you to eat out tonight? ‎ ‎—Why_not?‎ ‎——今晚我可以和你一起出去吃饭吗？‎ ‎——当然可以。‎ 表示“建议”的常见句型还有：‎ Let's do ...　　　　　　　　　让我们做……‎ Shall we do ...? 让我们做……，好吗？‎ Would you like to do ...? 你想(愿意)做……吗？‎ Will you please do ...? 请你做……，好吗？‎ What/How about doing ...? 做……怎么样？‎ I suggest that sb.(should) do ... 我建议某人做……‎ You'd better (not) do ... 你最好(不)做……‎ ‎③You'd_better_not_make such a silly mistake again. ‎ 你最好不要再犯这种低级错误。‎ ‎④She suggested that the meeting (should)_be_put (put) off till next week.‎ 她建议会议延期到下周。‎ ‎5．It_is_up_to_all_of_us_road_users_to_make_sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.‎ 靠注意道路安全来确保避免事故，这就取决于我们大家，即道路使用者。 ‎ ‎　It is up to sb.to do sth.为固定句式，多出现在口语中，意为“由某人决定做某事；做某事是某人的职责”。‎ ‎①—What shall we do tonight then?‎ ‎—It's_up_to_you — whatever you want. ‎ ‎——我们今天晚上做什么呢？‎ ‎——你来决定，你想做什么都行。‎ ‎②It's up to me to_organize (organize) some wonderful singing and dancing performances for them.‎ 为他们组织一些精彩的歌舞演出是我的职责。‎ ‎[名师点津]　巧记up to的词义：‎ 多到达到一直到，忙于胜任做决定。‎ ‎③John was fired because he wasn't_up_to_his_work.‎ 约翰被解雇了，因为他不胜任工作。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 decide on， be linked up， put off， turn up， split up， fill in， drop off， speed up， arise from， put through ‎ ‎1．Now, children, you must split_up into two groups for this game.‎ ‎2．Please fill_in this form, giving your name, address and business.‎ ‎3．The driver picks up two students along the highway every morning and drops them off at Oxford.‎ ‎4．All of our computers are_linked_up,_so we can communicate with each other very easily.‎ ‎5．She had to put_off her dentist appointment because she had a business trip. ‎ ‎6．It is already 4 o'clock, but no one has turned_up yet.‎ ‎7．Once these difficulties were got over, the work would speed_up. ‎ ‎8．The confusion about the date of the meeting arose_from a typing error.‎ ‎9．Production will start up again when these changes have been put_through.‎ ‎10．Have you decided_on where you'll spend your holidays? ‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．A new road would be needed to link_up_with (与……汇合) the main road.‎ ‎2．A car passed him at_top_speed (以最高速), sounding its horn.‎ ‎3．I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but can't seem to_get_through (接通)．‎ ‎4．It's cheaper if you book the tickets in_advance (提前)．‎ ‎5．It's_up_to_all_of_us (由我们负责) to solve the problems in our neighbourhood.‎ Ⅲ.一句多译 ‎1．我的工作和以前的研究相联系。‎ ‎①My work is_linked_with/to previous research. (link) ‎ ‎②My work is_related_to previous research. (relate)‎ ‎③My work has_something_to_do_with previous research.(have sth. to do with)‎ ‎2．为什么不再给他一次机会呢？毕竟，每个人都会犯错。‎ ‎①Why_not_give_him_another_chance? After all, everybody makes mistakes.(why not)‎ ‎②Why_don't_you_give_him_another_chance? After all, everybody makes mistakes.(why don't you)‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 violate， drunk driving， speed up， result in， traffic jams， arise from， responsibility， subway ‎ ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①随着汽车工业的发展，私家车越来越多，这加速了经济的发展，也造成了交通拥挤。‎ As the car industry develops, more and more families have cars, which speeds_up the development of economy as well as results_in_a_lot_of_traffic_jams.‎ ‎②酒驾、开车打电话等违反交通规则的行为使交通事故频频发生，因此在过去的几年里，由交通事故引发的死亡越来越多。‎ Some drivers violate_traffic_rules such as drunk_driving,_speaking on their phones while driving and so on，which make accidents more frequent and more deaths have_arisen_from_those accidents over the past years.‎ ‎③我们都有责任保持路面畅通。‎ We all have_the_responsibility to make sure that roads are smooth.‎ ‎④外出时为什么不试着乘坐公交或者地铁呢？‎ Why don't you try going out by_bus_or_subway?‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用“be up to do ...”句式改写句③‎ It_is_up_to_us_all_to_make_sure_that_roads_are_smooth.‎ ‎(2)用“why not ...”结构改写句④‎ Why_not_try_going_out_by_bus_or_subway?‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：besides, so)‎ As the car industry develops, more and more families have cars, which speeds up the development of economy as well as results in a lot of traffic jams. Besides, some drivers violate traffic rules such as drunk driving, speaking on their phones while driving and so on, which make accidents more frequent and more deaths have arisen from those accidents over the past years. It is up to us all to make sure that roads are smooth. So why not try going out by bus or subway? ‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——与过去事实相反的虚拟语气]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 However, most trains to London only went to the outer city limits, because building railway tracks into the city would have 句中的building railway tracks into the city是动名词短语，在because引导的原因状语从句中作主语，该原因状语从句中使用了虚拟语气，相当于：if railway tracks had been built ‎ ‎ damaged many old buildings.‎ into the city, it would have damaged many old buildings。 ‎ 我当时系着安全带。如果没有系的话，我会受伤的。‎ 真题长难句 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I would have been injured. (2016·天津高考)‎ 根据if引导的条件状语从句可以看出，主句表达的内容是对于过去事实的假设，应该用“could/would/should/might＋have done”的形式。‎ ‎ “公共交通”是“旅游与交通”的子话题。此话题与考生的日常生活关系密切。考生上学和放学回家离不开交通，假日出行也离不开交通。高考对此话题进行设题考查，旨在让考生了解旅游与交通的相关知识，进而达到培养他们热爱生活，健康向上的目的。‎ 一、话题与听力 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。‎ ‎13．What is the woman's plan for Saturday?‎ A．Going shopping.　　　 B．Going camping.‎ C．Going boating.‎ ‎14．Where will the woman stay in Keswick?‎ A．In a country inn. B．In a fivestar hotel.‎ C．In her aunt's home.‎ ‎15．What will Gordon do over the weekend?‎ A．Visit his friends. B．Watch DVDs.‎ C．Join the woman.‎ ‎16．What does the woman think of Gordon's coming weekend?‎ A．Relaxed.　　 B．Boring.　　　C．Busy.‎ ‎[听力原文]‎ Text 9‎ W：Gordon, I'm going to Keswick in the Lake District this weekend.‎ M：Really?‎ W：Yeah, five of us. Why don't you join us? We're getting to Keswick on Friday. Then we're going boating on Saturday. And on Sunday, we're going to do some shopping. Then I will take some time to visit my aunt Lucy.‎ M：You're not going to camp, are you？Isn't it a bit cold?‎ W：No, we're not. It is a bit cold. We're staying in a country inn. It's not like fivestar hotels or anything. But it's really comfortable.‎ M：Hmm, sounds interesting. You know, it's the boating that I don't like.‎ W：Well, what are you up to?‎ M：Sit on my sofa all weekend and watch the DVDs I've just bought. And that will be a busy weekend. I may finish watching Friends.‎ W：I don't know how you can do that all weekend, Gordon. I'd get bored.‎ M：I know, I know. But that's really what I want to do.‎ ‎[听力答案]　13.C　14.A　15.B　16.B ‎[关键词句]　‎ ‎1．scenery　　　景色 ‎2．transport 交通 ‎3．passport 护照 ‎4．book 预订 ‎5．impress 给……留下印象 ‎6．flight 航班 ‎7．delay 延迟 ‎8．safety 安全 ‎9．airport 机场 ‎10．destination 目的地 ‎11．comfortable 舒适的 ‎12．suitcase 衣箱 ‎13．luggage 行李 ‎14．attractive 吸引人的 ‎15．set off 出发 ‎16．leave for 动身去某地 ‎17．take a photo 拍照 ‎18．traffic jam 交通堵塞 ‎19．a place of interest 名胜 ‎20．a selfdriven trip 自驾游 ‎21．tourist attraction 旅游景点 ‎22．People prefer to choose highspeed trains because they move very fast, thus shortening the travelling time.‎ 人们更喜欢选择高速列车，因为它们行驶速度非常快，从而缩短了旅行时间。‎ ‎23．I think most people like travelling because they can feel the beauty of nature and breathe the fresh air at the same time.‎ 我认为许多人喜欢旅游是因为他们感受大自然的美景，同时也可以呼吸新鲜空气。‎ ‎24．It's about five minutes' walk.‎ 步行大约五分钟的路程。‎ ‎25．Turn right at the second turning./Take the second turning on the right.‎ 在第二个拐弯处右转。‎ ‎26．I'd like to go to China to celebrate the Chinese New Year with my Aunt.‎ 我想和姑姑一起去中国庆祝新年。‎ 二、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)‎ ‎[1]Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle — named the Transition — has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.‎ ‎[2]Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost $279,000. And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.‎ ‎[3]Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks ‎ Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.‎ ‎[4]Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.‎ ‎28．What is the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A．The basic data of the Transition.‎ B．The advantages of flying cars.‎ C．The potential market for flying cars.‎ D．The designers of the Transition.‎ ‎29．Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?‎ A．It causes traffic jams.　 B．It is difficult to operate.‎ C．It is very expensive. D．It burns too much fuel.‎ ‎30．What is the government's attitude to the development of the flying car?‎ A．Cautious. B．Favorable.‎ C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.‎ ‎31．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．Flying Car at Auto Show B．The Transition's First Flight C．Pilots' Dream Coming True D．Flying Car Closer to Reality ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1段 第1段画波浪线部分 具体介绍Transition的情况。‎ 指出现象 第2段 第2段画波浪线部分 大约100人预订了飞车，但其价格太高，无法大量生产。‎ 介绍现象 第3段 第3段画波浪线部分 飞车的研制及政府支持。‎ 介绍现象 第4段 第4段画波浪线部分 介绍了对飞车驾驶人的要求。‎ 介绍现象 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[尝试翻译]　Terrafugia声称飞车的主人将需要通过一个测试，并且要完成20小时的飞行才能驾驶Transition，这是飞行员发现相对容易达到的一项要求。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎28．段落大意题。选A　第一段的第二句“The vehicle ... like a ‎ car.”介绍了飞行汽车Transition的构造，第一段的后半部分介绍了它的空中飞行速度、路上行驶速度和油耗情况，这些都是飞行汽车的基本数据。故选A项。‎ ‎29．细节理解题。选C　根据第二段中的“But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost $279,000.”可知，该飞行汽车是非常贵的，所以不太可能大量出现在车道上。故选C项。‎ ‎30．观点态度题。选B　根据第三段中的“The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.”可推知，政府对该项目是支持的。故选B项。‎ ‎31．标题归纳题。选D　根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.”可知，Terrafugia公司的飞行汽车成功进行了第一次飞行，从而使飞行汽车更加接近现实。所以选D项。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技法 17]　看清题目要求，确定观点态度题 对于全文观点态度题，我们的解题思路是去找作者对主题的态度。重点要去关注文中的具有感情色彩的一些动词、形容词和副词。通过这些词可以判定出作者的态度是正面的还是负面的或者是客观的。‎ 对于局部观点态度题，相对来讲难度稍大些。我们要明确重要的解题思路：首先，确定题干中问的是“谁”的态度及对于“什么”的态度(这里一定不能把自己的态度和作者的态度混淆起来)；其次，返回原文定位到含有题干关键词的句子，重点分析语义；最后，与选项进行对比，找语义在感情色彩上一致的选项，则为正确答案。‎ 例如第30 题，本题中问的是the government's attitude，因此就要依照government来定位，在文章中第三段找到相应的依据。由“permitted”一词可确定政府的态度是支持的。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．driveway n．　　马路，汽车道 ‎2．deposit n. 储蓄，存款；订金 ‎3．vehicle n. 机动车 ‎4．go through 通过 ‎5．make sure 确保 ‎6．be stuck in 陷入……‎ ‎ ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The spokesman refused to tell us all the details (细节) we want.‎ ‎2．She woke him for his medicines at intervals (间隔) throughout the night.‎ ‎3．I'm sorry to inconvenience you, but we have to postpone (推迟) our exhibition.‎ ‎4．New concerns have arisen (出现) over the emissions from the growing number of motor vehicles. ‎ ‎5．I want to convey (传递) a positive, optimistic message like sunshine and love to audience through the programme.‎ ‎6．A young man was bending low to push a heavily loaded (载重的) bike up a slope.‎ ‎7．The drivers of motor vehicles should pay greater attention to the safety of the pedestrians (行人)．‎ ‎8．I soon found I had undertaken (承担) a task of more difficulty than I had imagined. ‎ ‎9．The US business today is challenged by aggressive (挑衅的) ‎ overseas competitors. ‎ ‎10．Many African people have only the basics of survival. It's absolutely unbelievable (难以置信的)．‎ ‎11．She told her son to cross the street in security at pedestrian crossing (cross)．‎ ‎12．Two pedestrians and a cyclist (cycle) were injured when the car skidded.‎ ‎13．One must never violate (violation) these loyalties to serve one's own interests.‎ ‎14．People who drive when they are drunk (drink) should be heavily punished.‎ ‎15．The hotel receptionist (reception) wants to know when we will be checking out tomorrow morning.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．They are friendly to each other and they always split the work between them. 在split之后加up ‎2．Since your English is poor, why not considering joining an English club to improve it？considering→consider ‎3．To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be punctually, and display interest in the job.punctually→punctual ‎4．Don't postpone make a decision until it is too late.make→making ‎5．When I undertook repair the machine, I didn't reckon for so much trouble.undertook后加to ‎6．Has he decided of where his birthday party will be held？of→on/upon Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．It's_up_to_you_to_decide (由你来决定) who is up to the job.‎ ‎2．We suggest that they (should)_speed_up (加快) the pace of their educational and economic reform.‎ ‎3．You need a break. Why_not_(为何不) take a fortnight off from work?‎ ‎4．They undertook_to_promote (同意促进) exchanges and trade.‎ ‎5．Many diseases arise_from (由……引起) water pollution.‎ ‎6．He undertook to pick me up, but he didn't turn_up (出现) until 9 o'clock.‎ ‎[话题语篇高考练]‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 A When Taking an Uber — Should You Tip or Not?‎ Taking an Uber car may no longer be a direct driverpassenger and guiltfree experience. The ridesharing experience is about to get awkward.‎ With the wide application of the Internet, Uber, a new approach to your destination instead of taking an ordinary taxi, has become more and more popular recently. However, benefits won't come without its fair share of drawbacks.‎ Uber drivers are a part of the socalled sharing economy: They use their own vehicles, receive customer reviews via the app's fivestar rating system and make their own hours. Unlike other services, Uber claimed that drivers all over the country could clearly alert customers that tipping is not included. Those drivers that expect to be tipped can make their wishes known. But the company is holding to its official ‎ notiprequired line, according to its website. “Once you arrive at your destination, your fare is automatically charged to your credit card on file — there's no need to tip.” Although drivers value their independence — the freedom to push a button rather than punch a clock, lack of a clear policy, however, leaves Uber drivers in a vulnerable (易受责难的) position: If they ask a customer for a tip or put up a sign, that customer could give the driver a low starrating, and the driver could finally be deactivated from the app.‎ But has the company done a good job working with customers? Some observers say that this new gray area for tipping will create awkwardness about whether they should tip or not — something most Uber customers have not had to deal with until now. Uber did not respond to customers' comment, just leaving their rating in the air.‎ Providing an option to tip on an app sends a clear message to customers to reach into their pockets. Nearly 30% people would be more likely to leave a tip if they were presented with a “no tip” button, according to Guinn's 2015 survey of roughly 500 people. When people are presented with three tip choices — 20%, 25% or 30% — they're more likely to choose the middle option even if it's more than the traditional 20%, according to a separate 2014 analysis of 13 million New York City taxi rides.‎ If the service is twice as expensive during a rain storm or public transport delay, the customer has the right not to tip. However, if the driver is extra helpful or avoids a traffic jam to reach your destination in a more timely manner, you could give an extra tip, says Uber, who will leave tipping options in the hands of the consumer rather than the app.‎ 语篇解读：‎ 随着网络的广泛应用，优步等打车软件已经越来越普及，乘客在享受这些打车软件带来的便利的同时，也体会到了一些随之而来的不便，比如文章所谈论的在乘坐优步汽车时，需不需要给小费的问题。‎ ‎1．Compared with taxi drivers, Uber drivers ________.‎ A．enjoy more freedom and choices B．support the company's practice C．clock up the miles while driving D．receive customers reviews directly 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They use their own vehicles, receive customer reviews via the app's fivestar rating system and make their own hours”可知，和普通的出租车司机相比，优步的司机有更多的自由和选择。故选A项。‎ ‎2．The underlined word “deactivated” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．‎ A．removed　　　　　　 B．degraded C．tracked D．charged 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“If they ask a customer for a tip or put up a sign, that customer could give the driver a low starrating”可知，如果他们让顾客付小费或张贴一个标志，这个顾客可能会给司机低星级的评价，这个司机最终会被从app上撤下。由此可猜测，deactivated意为“除掉”。故选A项。‎ ‎3．From the survey we can conclude most customers ________.‎ A．would probably tip if there is an option B．usually do as the “no tip” sign suggests C．tip because of Uber drivers' good service D．are disappointed to reach into their pockets 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Nearly 30% people ‎ would be more likely to leave a tip if they were presented with a ‘no tip’ button”可推知，大部分顾客会按照“没有小费”的标志去做。故选B项。‎ ‎4．What causes the awkwardness between Uber drivers and their customers?‎ A．Customers take advantage of the new gray area for tipping.‎ B．There is no specific policy about tipping from the Uber to follow.‎ C．It's up to customers to decide the drivers' earnings.‎ D．Customers tend to pay least among the three choices.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段的内容可知，导致优步司机和乘客尴尬的是优步没有明确的小费政策可以遵循。故选B项。‎ B ‎“A wonderful emotion to get things moving when one is stuck is anger. It was anger more than anything else that had set me off, leading to productivity and creativity，” Mary Garden, a Scottish musician, said.‎ Creative people may experience emotions very deeply and strongly, and feel at times they need to shut off or escape from some of them.‎ Sharon M. Barnes is a psychotherapist, serving children, teens and adults with social & emotional needs. She said, “Many highly creative people have emotions and are in touch with their feelings, but they struggle to find their balance emotionally.”‎ Sharon once thought about why social and emotional needs are so vital to and yet so difficult for so many highly creative people. She found the answer when talking with one of the painters consulting her. She helped the painter deal with strong emotions connected with the hard ‎ times he was going through. “As I was talking with him, a picture suddenly appeared in my head: emotions are much like ocean waves，” she said. “Ocean waves come in many shapes, sizes, speeds and intensities (强度). So do emotions. Ocean waves are influenced by many things including the gravitational pull (万有引力) of the moon, the shape and movement of the ocean floor and the weather. Our emotions are influenced by the gravitational pull of our relationships, the ups and downs of our health and energy, and the ‘weather’ of the events in our lives.” “Sometimes life can seem like the experience of a surfer caught in the ‘washing machine’， where he gets caught in wave after wave and can have trouble even coming up for air，” she added.‎ 语篇解读：本文是议论文。有创造力的人总有着强烈的情感，精神治疗医师Sharon很好地诠释了有创造力的人的这种强烈的情感。‎ ‎5．What do Mary Garden's words suggest?‎ A．Anger can be of great help to her.‎ B．She never tries to control her anger.‎ C．She often feels angry when working.‎ D．Anger is often the theme of her music.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。Mary Garden认为愤怒会让她更有效率和创造力，也就是说愤怒对她有很多帮助。‎ ‎6．What does Barnes think of highly creative people?‎ A．They experience strong emotions more often.‎ B．It's difficult for them to deal with their emotions.‎ C．It's unnecessary for them to control their emotions.‎ D．They don't have a good understanding of themselves.‎ 解析：‎ 选B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Barnes认为有创造力的人在应对他们的情绪方面有困难。‎ ‎7．Why does Barnes compare emotions to ocean waves?‎ A．They can be influential.‎ B．They can be dangerous.‎ C．They are too changeable to deal with.‎ D．They are too strong to control at times.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Barnes把情绪比作海浪，主要是因为情绪与海浪一样变化无常，难以掌控。‎ ‎8．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Waves and creativity B．Learning about emotions C．How to control emotions D．Creative people's emotions 解析：选D　标题归纳题。本文主要围绕有创造力的人有着强烈的情感展开，通过精神治疗医师Sharon的诠释使人们更好地了解了有创造力的人的这种强烈的情感。‎ Ⅴ.完形填空 ‎(2018·辽宁省铁岭市协作体联考)A person may have a number of abilities and talents, but he could fail. __1__ the person is aware of his abilities and has the determination to __2__ them, he is going to be a failure. Great people __3__ their abilities, made the best use of at least one of their talents and finally succeeded.‎ Great men don't wait for the right opportunity to turn up on their doorstep; __4__， they create the opportunity in order to __5__ on their way to achievements. These are the people who make things __6__.‎ Michael Dell said, “Don't spend so much time trying to choose the ‎ perfect opportunity, or you may __7__ the right opportunity.” There is no better time than right now to __8__ doing what you have been thinking about doing. The __9__ is to listen to your heart and let it carry you in the direction of your __10__. Just open your mind to different possibilities, different ways of __11__ a challenge, and it can provide you with many fresh __12__.‎ Another key point is to act upon the seized opportunity. Many of us get the right opportunity but __13__ to make use of it. This is because our __14__ are tied up with things that will give __15__ happiness. The basic tendency of human minds is to look for quick results __16__ rather than longterm satisfaction at a later stage. We should __17__ focus our efforts on vital and precious activities that will take us forward in our path of __18__.‎ With the ability to recognize the right opportunity, determination to __19__ work on it and sincerity to make the best use of it, making __20__ things happen is an absolute possibility.‎ 语篇解读：本文是议论文。有才能的人也需要创造机遇，并充分利用它，这样才能取得成功。‎ ‎1．A.Unless　　　　　　　 B．Because C．When D．If 解析：选A　根据本空后的aware和failure可知，除非他能意识到自己的能力，并决心利用它，否则他仍将失败。‎ ‎2．A.achieve B．use C．value D．consider 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎3．A.developed B．admired C．knew D．acquired 解析：选C　根据上句中的“aware of”可知，伟人都很清楚自己的能力并善于充分利用至少其中之一。‎ ‎4．A.besides B．therefore C．otherwise D．instead 解析：选D　根据上一句可知，他们不会等着机会上门，而是会主动创造机遇。‎ ‎5．A.fight back B．settle down C．move ahead D．cheer up 解析：选C　根据本空后的way可知，他们主动创造机遇，以便能在成功的道路上继续前进。‎ ‎6．A.happen B．matter C．improve D．stop 解析：选A　根据上句中的create可知，他们是主动让事情发生的一类人。‎ ‎7．A.expect B．miss C．dislike D．refuse 解析：选B　根据本空前“spend so much time”可知，不能耗费时光去等待机遇，那样你就会错失机遇。‎ ‎8．A.start B．admit C．enjoy D．practise 解析：选A　现在就是开始做你长久以来一直想做的事的最佳时机。‎ ‎9．A.challenge B．key C．intention D．goal 解析：选B　根据下一段第一句中的“Another key point”‎ 可知，此处是说关键之一是要听从你的内心，并且让它带你前行。‎ ‎10．A.adventures B．memories C．dreams D．studies 解析：选C　根据上句中的“what you have been thinking about doing”可知，它能带你去追逐梦想。‎ ‎11．A.creating B．discovering C．accepting D．examining 解析：选D　根据本空前的“Just open your mind to different possibilities”可知，要从不同方面审视挑战。‎ ‎12．A.wishes B．tastes C．ideas D．excuses 解析：选C　根据“open your mind”及两个different可知，这样它就能给你提供许多新想法。‎ ‎13．A.pretend B．try C．forget D．fail 解析：选D　根据本空前的“Many of us get the right opportunity”和but可知，很多人没有利用这个机会。‎ ‎14．A.minds B．characters C．natures D．lives 解析：选A　根据下一句中的“The basic tendency of human minds”可知，那是因为我们的思想被追求立竿见影的幸福的欲望所束缚。‎ ‎15．A.lasting B．true C．future D．quick 解析：选D　根据下一句中的“look for quick results”‎ 可知，我们的思想被追求立竿见影的幸福的欲望所束缚。‎ ‎16．A.at present B．by chance C．in person D．in common 解析：选A　根据该空后的“rather than longterm satisfaction at a later stage”可知，思维的定势就是要追求现在立竿见影的效果。‎ ‎17．A.immediately B．constantly C．eventually D．normally 解析：选B　根据本空后的“take us forward”可知，我们应该持续不断地把注意力放在那些重要的活动上。‎ ‎18．A.exploration B．revolution C．freedom D．success 解析：选D　根据第二段中的“on their way to achievements”可知，坚持努力，就能成功。‎ ‎19．A.quietly B．freely C．honestly D．openly 解析：选C　根据本空前后的“ability to recognize the right opportunity”和“sincerity to make the best use of it”可知，要有踏实工作的决心。‎ ‎20．A.real B．great C．reasonable D．lucky 解析：选B　根据本空前的努力可知，有了这些，你就一定能干一番大事业。‎ Ⅵ.短文改错 Dear Peter，‎ I will go to study at university, so I don't know what to adapt myself to university life. I hear many students are at loss what to do when they ‎ were at university. Feel lonely and homesick, they can't take care of yourselves in their everyday life. Clothes, money or mobile phones are sometimes going. And because of different kind of food and climates, they often fall into ill. Some even rent rooms out of the school. Could you tell me how to deal with these commonly problems so that I will be able to adapt myself to university life?‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第一句：so→but; what→how 第二句：loss前加a; were→are 第三句：Feel→Feeling; yourselves→themselves 第四句：going→gone 第五句：kind→kinds; 去掉into 第七句：commonly→common