高考英语总复习专题攻略之阅读理解名校试题精炼 6页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 1 - 高考英语阅读理解名校试题精炼 1. 体裁 说明文 题材 手机的使用 词数 296 Holding a cell phone against your ear or storing it in your pocket may be dangerous to your health. This explains a warning that cell phone manufacturers include in the small print that is often ignored when a new phone is purchased. Apple, for example, doesn’t want iPhones to come closer to you than 1.5 centimeters; Research In Motion, BlackBerry’ s manufacturer, recommends 2.5 centimeters. If health issues arise from cell phone use, the possible effects are huge. Voice calls—Americans chat on cell phones 2. 26 trillion(万亿)minutes annually—earn $109 billion for the wireless carriers. Devra Davis, an expert who has worked for the University of Pittsburgh, has published a book about cell phone radiation, “Disconnect. ”The book surveys scientific research and concludes the question is not settled. Brain cancer is a concern that Ms. Davis examines. Over all, there has not been an increase in its incidence since cell phones arrived. But the average masks an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group and a drop for the older population. “Most cancers have multiple causes, ”she says, but she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer. Children are more vulnerable(易受伤的)to radiation than adults, Ms. Davis and other scientists point out. Radiation that penetrates only five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains contain more absorptive fluid(易吸收的液体). No studies have yet been completed on cell phone radiation and children, she says. Henry Lai, a research professor in the bioengineering department at the University of Washington, began laboratory radiation studies in 1980 and found that rats exposed to radiation had damaged DNA in their brains. Ms. Davis recommends using wired headsets or the phone’s speaker. Children should 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 2 - text rather than call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen(腹部). 1. According to Ms. Davis, brain cancer increases . A. among children B. among old people C. in the twenties D. among pregnant women 2. Why do children easily be affected by radiation? A. Because they haven’t grown up. B. Because they are too young to protect themselves. C. Because they use cell phones more often than adults. D. Because their skulls are thinner and their brains are easily hurt. 3. What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A. Pregnant women should keep cell phones away. B. People should use cell phones in the correct way. C. If you are a child, you’d better text rather than make phone calls. D. When you use a cell phone, use a wired headset or the phone’s speaker. 4. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Be careful when using cell phones. B. Don’t hold your cell phone against your ear. C. Rats exposed to radiation have damaged DNA in their brains. D. Low-energy radiation could damage cells that could lead to cancer. 【文章大意】使用手机会带来辐射的负影响, 因此需要正确使用手机。 3. 【解析】选 B。推理判断题。最后一段讲述的都是一些正确使用手机以防止辐射影响 的方法, 由此判断选 B 项。 4. 【解析】选 A。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍使用手机的负面作用, 最后警示人们要正 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 3 - 确使用手机。因此 A 项更能说明全文的主旨, 而其他三项只是文中的细节, 故选 A 项。 2. 体裁 议论文 题材 禽流感的防治 词数 373 Tiredness, coughing, a runny nose and a sore throat—among all sicknesses there is probably none more common than the flu, which we all get now and then. However, bird flu is a completely different story. Ten years ago, the H5N1 bird flu swept across 15 countries, including China, with sufferers reporting chest pain, difficulty breathing, fever and severe coughing. More than 600 people were infected, and about 60 percent died. Now another type of bird flu hit Shanghai and three neighboring provinces, and this time the virus is called H7N9. By the afternoon of April 11, the new virus had taken nine lives out of 35 infected, according to Xinhua News Agency. The “H” and “N” in the virus’ name refers to two kinds of proteins on the surface of the virus. Any change of the numbers of the two proteins indicates a new mutation(变异). Most of the mutations only affect birds, such as chickens and pigeons, and don’t normally spread to humans. But once they do, the results can be disastrous. “Any time an animal influenza virus crosses to humans, it is a cause for concern, ”Malik Peiris, virologist(病毒学家)at the University of Hong Kong, told Nature magazine. Take the SARS epidemic(传染病)10 years ago as an example. The virus behind the disease is thought to have jumped to humans from animals. The virus was a complete “stranger” to human bodies, which hadn’t developed an immunity against it. But there is something more about the new H7N9 bird flu. Unlike the H5N1 bird flu, which causes severe sickness in birds, the H7N9 has been evolving under the radar(悄悄地)since it travels between birds without causing noticeable illness. That makes it difficult to keep track of the disease. The good news is that there’s so far no sign that the virus is spreading from person to person. But since there is no vaccine for the disease yet, the World Health Organization recommends that you wash your hands after meeting with sick people and 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 4 - before and after you eat or prepare food, and they also suggest avoiding contact with birds or their eggs. 5. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? A. The H5N1 bird flu turned out to have something to do with the SARS epidemic. B. More than 600 people across the world died from the H5N1 bird flu ten years ago. C. Most of the mutations of the proteins in the bird flu virus are harmful to both birds andhumans. D. The name, H7N9 bird flu, shows that there have been new mutations of the proteins inthe virus. 6. With the example of the SARS epidemic in Paragraph 5, the author intends to . A. introduce where the SARS virus came from B. inform us of the harmful effects of the SARS epidemic ten years ago C. show the horrible effects an animal influenza virus can have once it spreads to humans D. compare the differences between the SARS epidemic and the H7N9 bird flu 7. What makes the H7N9 bird flu more frightening than the H5N1 bird flu according to the text? A. It can cause severe sickness in birds. B. It can spread from person to person. C. It affects a greater number of birds. D. It doesn’t sicken birds and thus can spread unnoticed. 8. What are people advised to do to protect themselves against the H7N9 bird flu? a. To get vaccinated for the disease. b. To keep away from birds and their eggs. c. To stop eating chickens and ducks. d. To avoid meeting with sick people. e. To wash hands thoroughly and regularly. A. a, b B. c, d C. b, e D. a, e 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 5 - 【文章大意】新一波禽流感疫情来袭, 你该如何应对? 6.【解析】选 C。推理判断题。这里列举 SARS 的例子是为了说明本段首句谈到的“Any time an animal influenza virus crosses to humans, it is a cause for concern”, 而本段 又是进一步说明上一段最后一句话“But once they do, the results can be disastrous. ”, 所以 C 项为正确答案。 7. 【解析】选 D。细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知, H7N9 禽流感与 H5N1 禽流感不同的 是它不会在禽类间导致明显的疫情, 这使得它的传播不容易被及时发现, 故答案为 D。 8. 【解析】选 C。细节理解题。由最后一段可知, 专家建议人们勤洗手, 尽量避免接触禽类 以及禽类下的蛋, 所以 C 项为正确答案。最后一段提到了现在还没有针对 H7N9 禽流感的疫苗, 故 a 不对。c, d 文中没有提及。 3. 体裁 夹叙夹议 题材 唐纳德•古尔德的介绍 词数 323 Donald Gould, a homeless man, was seen playing a moving cover of Styx’s “Come Sail Away” on a public piano that was placed in Sarasota, Florida, as part of the city’s Sarasota Keys Piano Project. The moving performance was caught on camera and uploaded to Facebook where it went viral with more than 2.3 million views and over 93,000 shares. Gould’s newfound viral fame has certainly come as a shock to the 51-year-old. “I was thinking I could just put my hat on the piano and make a couple dollars and get tips,” Gould said. “I didn’t expect it to jump out to this.” The 51-year-old, who’s affectionately known as “Boone” to the community, turns out to be a regular on the keys and runs through five songs a day for the public from Billy Joel’s “Piano Man” to Bach’s “Toccata.” Gould’s piano-playing has delighted people in Sarasota and now the Internet. But there’s a heartbreaking story behind the musician. He first lost his job and then lost his wife and son in 1998. He ended up in Sarasota and began playing music with Paul Lonardo, another musician. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 6 - Now, things may be looking up for Gould. Someone who saw the video reached out to local restaurant Surf Shack, which offered to allow the 51-year-old try out for a position as a possible actor for their bar. Others have also wowed us with their musical performances. A homeless man named Ryan shocked people last year with a beautiful performance on an outdoor public piano in Canada. Similarly, David Allen, another homeless man, shocked people with some wonderful piano playing on a thrift store piano, even moving one listener to tears. “He started to play, and I choked on my coffee and it started coming out of my nose,” listener James Maynard said. “I had tears coming to my eyes when I saw his fingers go down one end of the piano to the other.” 21. What can we know about Donald Gould? A. He uploaded his performance to Facebook. B. He teamed up with David Allen to give performances. C. His performance enjoyed wide popularity on the Internet. D. Donald Gould will live a happy life with his wife and son. 22. Donald Gould performed on the public piano in order to _______. A. gain fame and fortune B. earn some extra money C. look back on the old good days D. relax himself and entertain others 23. The underlined word “wowed” in Paragraph 6 can be replaced by _______. A. exchanged B. armed C. shocked D. linked 24. Who was moved to tears when listening to piano playing? A. James Maynard. B. Donald Gould. C. David Allen. D. Paul Lonardo. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一个无家可归的人——唐纳德•古尔德。他在公共 钢琴上的即兴演出被传到网上后点击率超过 2百多万，而且还被分享 9万多次，轰动一时。 21. C 推理判断题。根据文章首段末句中的“where it went viral with more than 2.3 million views and over 93,000 shares”可知他的演出受到了人们的广泛关注，选 C。 22. B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“I was thinking I could just put my hat on the piano and make a couple dollars and get tips”可知，他演出的目的是为了挣点钱， 故选 B。 23. C 词义猜测题。根据后面作者列举的两个例子可知很多其他的流浪汉也能演奏出优美 的音乐，这让人们非常震惊，故选 C。 24. A细节理解题。根据文章末段可知James Maynard在听音乐时被感动得流泪了，故选A。