高考英语二轮复习专题7阅读理解类型1人物传记讲练 7页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 类型 1| 人物传记 考查要点 方法技巧 1.人物最显著的性格、品德特征。 2．人物的重大、有影响的经历。 3．人物最杰出的功绩、贡献、成就。 4．人物成长的时代背景。 1.把握事件发生的时间、空间及顺序。 2．理清事情发生的背景、起因、过程及结 果。 3．感悟人物的情感和心理活动。 (2016·全国乙卷·A) You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(18601935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931， Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson (19071964) If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O'Connor (1930present) When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School， in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981，the first woman to join the U．S.Supreme Court.O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks (19132005) On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civilrights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 Parks. 21．What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A．Her social work. B．Her teaching skills. C．Her efforts to win a prize. D．Her community background. 22．What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm? A．Her lack of proper training in law. B．Her little work experience in court. C．The discrimination against women. D．The poor financial conditions. 23．Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the U．S.? A．Jane Addams. B．Rachel Carson. C．Sandra Day O'Connor. D．Rosa Parks. 24．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A．They are highly educated. B．They are truly creative. C．They are pioneers. D．They are peacelovers. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了 100 年以来历史上四位在不同领域做出杰出贡献的女性先 驱。 长难句解读：If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today. 分析：本句为含有条件状语从句的复合句，使用了虚拟语气。 翻译：如果不是 Rachel Carson 的话，今天的环保活动就可能不会存在。 21．A [细节理解题。根据 Jane Addams 下的第一句话“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.(任何一个受到社会工作者帮助的 人都要感谢 Jane Addams)”可知，在历史上，Jane Addams 以她的社会工作而出名，故选 A 项。] 22．C [细节理解题。根据 Sandra Day O'Connor 下的第一句中“she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman”可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作，是 因为她是一名女性，这与 C 项“对于女性的歧视”相符，故选 C 项。] 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 23．D [细节理解题。根据 Rosa Parks 下的“...it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civilrights movement.” 可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权运动，故选 D 项。] 24．C [推理判断题。通读全文可知文中提到的这几位女性都是不同领域的先驱，都在 各自领域中做出了巨大贡献，故选 C 项。] A (2016·河南省六市第一次联考) Did you know that Albert Einstein could not speak until he was four years old， and could not read until he was seven？His parents and teachers worried about his mental ability. Beethoven's music teacher said about him, “As a composer(作曲家) he is hopeless.” What if this young boy had believed it? When Thomas Edison was a young boy，his teachers said he was so stupid that he could never learn anything.He once said，“I remember I used to never be able to get along at school.I was always at the foot of my class...My father thought I was stupid， and I almost decided that I was a stupid person.”What if young Thomas had believed， what they said about him? When the sculptor (雕刻家) Auguste Rodin was young，he had difficulty learning to read and write.Today，we may say he had a learning disability.His father said of him，“I have an idiot (白痴) for a son.” His uncle agreed.“He's uneducable，” he said.What if Rodin had doubted his ability? Walt Disney was once fired by a newspaper editor because he was thought to have no “good ideas”．Enrico Caruso was told by one music teacher，“You can't sing.You have no voice at all.” And an editor told Louisa May Alcott that she was unable to write anything that would have popular appeal. What if these people had listened and become discouraged? What would our world be without the music of Beethoven，the art of Rodin or the ideas of Albert Einstein and Walt Disney? As Oscar Levant once said，“It's not what you are but what you don't become that hurts.” You have great potential.When you believe in all you can be，rather than all 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 you cannot become，you will find your place on earth. 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章列举了爱因斯坦、贝多芬、爱迪生等七个名人成功的故事， 他们都曾得到别人较低的评价，但最终成功实现了自己的梦想；“相信自己”是他们成功的 关键。 1．How many successful people are mentioned as examples in the passage? A．Six. B．Seven. C．Eight. D．Nine. B [细节理解题。文章第一段列举了爱因斯坦的故事，第二段讲述了贝多芬的故事，第 三段提到了爱迪生的故事，第四段讲述了奥古斯特·罗丹的故事，第五段提及了沃特·迪士 尼、恩里科·卡鲁索、路易莎·梅·阿尔科特的故事，共列举了七个著名人物，故 B 项正确。] 2．What's the meaning of the underlined sentence “He's uneducable”？ A．He can't be taught. B．He is very clever. C．He is different. D．He is a late success. A [句意理解题。根据第四段他的父亲和他的叔叔对他的评价“I have an idiot(白 痴)for a son”“His uncle agreed”可知，他们都认为他是白痴；据此可以推断，该句意 为“他是教不会的”，故 A 项正确。] 3．What is the best title of the passage? A．Working Hard for Success B．Having Dreams C．Believing in Yourself D．Selfchallenging C [标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文前五段列举了七个名人，他们的共同点是都曾得 到别人较低的评价，后来却成功实现了自己的梦想；本文的最后一句“When you believe in all you can be，rather than all you cannot become，you will find your place on earth” 为本文的主题句，据此可以推断，C 项“相信自己”最适合做本文标题。] 【导学号：85602014】 B (2016·南昌市十校第二次模拟) Matthew Youlden speaks nine languages fluently and understands more than a dozen more.He's what is known as a polyglot.He also studies the development of minority languages.But he's more than a polyglot.He not only uses the languages fluently，but also knows about the culture of the languages very well.He can talk 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 to native speakers comfortably in their own languages. Matthew, who is from Manchester, England, is a language chameleon: Germans think he's German! Spaniards think he's Spanish and Brazilians think he's Portuguese. By his own account，Matthew has mastered a surprising number of languages by using abilities that we all possess：determination，enthusiasm and openmindedness. If your classic polyglot is someone who studies languages fulltime，then Matthew is quite different.His study doesn't keep him in an ivory tower; it connects him with people all over the world. According to Matthew，the more languages you speak，the more points of view you have.He thinks each language has a certain way of seeing the world.If you speak one language，then you have a different way of analyzing and seeing the world than the speaker of another language does.Even if they're really closelyrelated languages such as Spanish and Portuguese，they are at the same time two different worlds— two different attitudes. He said，“Therefore，having learned other languages and been surrounded by other languages，I couldn't possibly choose only one language because it would mean really giving up the possibility to be able to see the world in a different way.So the monolingual(只说一种语言的) lifestyle，for me，is the saddest，the loneliest，and the most boring way of seeing the world.There are so many advantages of learning a language.I really can't think of any reason not to.” 本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了一个会说 9 种语言的人的故事。 4．According to the passage，a polyglot refers to ． A．someone who studies the development of languages B．someone who keeps a record of minority languages C．someone who masters several languages D．someone who talks to foreigners fluently C [推理判断题。由第一段第一句“Matthew Youlden speaks nine languages fluently and understands more than a dozen more.”和下文的内容可推知，polyglot 指的是“通 晓数种语言的人”。故选 C。] 5．What can be inferred from the underlined part in Paragraph 2? A．Matthew Youlden is very good at imitating others. B．Matthew Youlden looks like the natives in appearance. C．Matthew Youlden learns languages from native speakers. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 D．Matthew Youlden uses the languages as well as the natives. D [推理判断题。由画线部分后的“Germans think he's German！Spaniards think he's Spanish and Brazilians think he's Portuguese.”可推知，Matthew Youlden 是语言变 色龙，因为他使用这些语言跟当地人一样熟练，故而德国人以为他是德国人，西班牙人以为 他是西班牙人，而巴西人以为他是葡萄牙人。] 6．What's Matthew Youlden's attitude towards the monolingual lifestyle? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Negative. D [观点态度题。由最后一段中的“So the monolingual(只说一种语言的)lifestyle， for me，is the saddest，the loneliest，and the most boring way of seeing the world.” 可知，Matthew Youlden 对单语言的生活方式的态度是消极的。] C (2016·山西省八校第一次联考) Sevenyearold artist Kieron Williamson has sold his 16 watercolours for ￡17， 000 in just 14 minutes，setting the world record for the youngest successful painter. His latest paintings of landscapes(风景)，seascapes and churches were supposed to be on display for a month at the Picturecraft Gallery in Holt.They went on sale at 9 am but were bought by 9：14 am，some by telephone from abroad. Kieron is red hot．People are saying that he could become an alltime great artist.They want his paintings as investments(投资) because they think the price will go up. The last child artist was Picasso.And Kieron is getting better and better.The pace at which he learns is quite amazing.He has a very mature mind and has mastered certain techniques at an early stage which some artists would take years to perfect.His work has been very unusual and impressive.His use of tone，colour and light is wonderful.The way he gets his paintings to do the talking is extremely good.He just paints when he wants.He still likes playing football and playing computer games like any other sevenyearolds. Inspired to start painting on a family holiday in Devon and Cornwall，Kieron was just six when he asked his parents for paper to draw a boat and swiftly developed a mature and confident talent for seascapes and countryside scenes that has been described as close to the “young Picasso”． The talented boy described his show's sellout success as“brilliant”．“Painting is my favourite hobby but I like football as well，” said Kieron，who is so absorbed 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 in painting that he is always drawing from getting up to going to school. 本文介绍了著名画家 Kieron Williamson 和他的水彩画。 7．Kieron Williamson set the world record for the youngest painter by ． A．selling his 16 watercolours for ￡17，000 in 14 minutes B．drawing as many as 16 watercolours in 14 minutes C．painting landscapes as a child of seven D．earning the most money for 16 watercolours A [细节理解题。根据第一段可知，七岁画家 Kieron Williamson 仅仅在 14 分钟内就 以 17 000 英镑的价格卖掉了他的 16 幅水彩画，创造了世界纪录。] 8．The underlined words “red hot” here probably mean“ ”． A．in bright colour and high temperature B．in high fever C．very popular D．very smart C [词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，人们说他可能会成为一位伟大的画家，他们认为他 的画会增值，因此他们都想要收藏他的画作为投资。由此说明 Kieron 很受欢迎。] 9．What is Kieron's work like according to the text? A．Strange. B．Outstanding. C．Ordinary. D．Common. B [推理判断题。根据第四段的第五句和第六句可知，他的作品与众不同，给人以深刻 的印象，他对色调、颜色和光线的使用都是绝妙的。由此可知他的画非常出色。] 10．From the text we know that Kieron learned to paint ． A．by himself B．from his parents C．by copying Picasso D．from his teacher A [推理判断题。Kieron 在 Devon 和 Cornwall 度假时开始绘画，当时他六岁，向父母 要纸画船，很快培养了成熟自信的画海景和乡村景色的才能，被认为近似年轻的毕加索。全 文没提到他的老师，所以推断他是自学绘画的。]