高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题3阅读理解模式4词义猜测题讲练 4页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 模式 4| 词义猜测题 单词、短语的含义 单词表示的对象 句子的含义 代词的指代对象 根据上下文猜测单词 或短语的含义。 猜测单词(一般是名 词)代表什么范畴的 东西。 根据上下文猜测某个 句子的含义。 根据上下文猜测代词 it，they，that， these，those 代指的 人或物。 解 题 技 巧 1.利用针对性的解释，如定义、同位语、定语从句、重述等。 2．利用标点符号，如破折号、冒号、分号、引号后面的内容或括号中的内容。 3．利用文中列举的例子或给出的同义词、反义词等。 4．根据内文逻辑关系，如并列、对比、因果关系等。 5．根据构词法，如前缀、后缀、复合词等。 [典例 1] (2015·江苏高考·D 节选) Freedom and Responsibility Freedom's challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic.We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it. Some 2，500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations ， splendid empires ， but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies，one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses. In Greece，in Athens (雅典)，a little city in a little country，there were no helpless masses.And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed， and the unwritten ，which must be obeyed if free men live together.They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted.A man was free if he was self － controlled.To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom.They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair.Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens，not because it was forced on him from the outside，but because the city was his pride and his safety.The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers.It cannot be discovered once for all.If people do not prize it，and work for it，it will go.Constant watch is its price.Athens changed.It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance，a spiritual change which affected the whole state.It had been the Athenian's pride and joy to give to their city.That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds.There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work.Now instead of men giving to the state， the state was to give to them.What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object，ideas of freedom and self－reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing.Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share. Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There_could_be_only_one_result.If men insisted on being free from the burden of self－dependence and responsibility for the common good，they would cease to be free.Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom.It is to be had on no other terms.Athens ， the Athens of Ancient Greece ， refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again. 65．What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Countries where their people need help. B．Powerful states with higher civilization. C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D．Governments ruled with absolute power. 68．What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Athens would continue to be free. B．Athens would cease to have freedom. C．Freedom would come from responsibility. D．Freedom would stop Athens from self－dependence. 65.D [词义猜测题。此类题目一定要结合上下文来解答，首先看画线词 tyrannies 的 同位语 one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses(一个很有权势的人统治一 大群无助的人)，再分析各选项含义可知 D 项“用绝对权力来统治的政府”与此意思相近。A 项“人们需要帮助的国家”、B 项“具有较高文明的强有力的国家”和 C 项“人们享有自由 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 的伟大帝国”均与词义本身相差甚远。] 68．B [词义猜测题。此句是论点，接下来是论证，最后是总结。论证部分运用 if 从 句进行假设，最后总结出 she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again， 所以只有 B 项的内容符合，选项中的 cease to have freedom 相当于 be never to have it。 A 项和第五段中的 they would cease to be free 相违背；C 项不是结果；D 项是对 If men insisted on being free from the burden of self－dependence and responsibility for the common good...的曲解。] [典例 2] (2014·江苏高考·D 节选) Before I was two，I was adopted by an Anglo couple.Fed three square meals a day， I grew like a wild weed and grasped all the opportunities they had to offer—books， music，education，church life and community activities.In a family of blue－eyed blonds，though，I_stood_out_like_a_sore_thumb．Whether from jealousy or fear of someone who looked so different，my older brothers sometimes teased me about my unpleasing skin，or made fun of my clumsy walk.Moody and impatient，burdened by fears that none of us realized resulted from my early years of need，I was not an easy child to love.My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years，but gradually came to see one another as real human beings with faults and talents，and as women of strength in our own right.Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me， I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own.The Asian American community has helped me regain my double identity. ... I lost my Chinese name for 18 years.It was Americanized for convenience to“Sue.” But like an ill－fitting coat，it made me uncomfortable.I hated the name.But even more，I hated being Chinese.It took many years to become proud of my Asian origin and work up the courage to take back my birth－name.That，plus a little knowledge of classroom Cantonese，is all the Chinese culture I have to offer you.Not white， certainly，but not really Asian，I try to pave the way between the two worlds and bridge the gap for you.Your name，“Shao－ming，”is very much like mine—“Shao” means “little.”And “ming” is “bright，” as in a shining sun or moon.Whose lives will you brighten，little Maya？Your_past_is_more_complete_than_mine，and each day I cradle you in your babyhood，generously giving you the loving care I lacked for my first two years.When I pat you，I comfort the lost baby inside me who still cries for her mother. 67．What does “I stood out like a sore thumb” in Paragraph 5 mean? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 A．I walked clumsily out of pains. B．I was not easy to love due to jealousy. C．I was impatient out of fear. D．I looked different from others. 70．By “Your past is more complete than mine，” Mommy means________． A．her past was completed earlier than Shao－ming's B．Shao－ming has got motherly care and a sense of roots C．her mother didn't comfort her the way she did Shao－ming D．her past was spent brokenly，first in Asia，then in the US,67.D [词义猜 测题。推测句意应该着眼于前后句。接下来一句说到 someone who looked so different， 这里的 someone 指的就是作者本人，这句是对画线句的补充解释，另外可从字面意思猜测“I stood out like a sore thumb(我像肿痛的拇指那样引人注目)”，故只有 D 项“I looked different from others.”与该句意义一致。] 70．B [词义猜测题。此处也应该从前后句着手。从后半句“我给予你我两岁前所缺乏 的爱”及末句的“comfort the lost baby”可知作者的意思是女儿不会再重复自己没有根 的悲剧，让她得到安慰，可见 B 项的“motherly care”和“a sense of roots”符合文意。]