2020届人教版高中英语复习必修4学案：Unit4Bodylanguage 21页

Unit 4 Body language 一、刷黑板—— Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．flight n．　　　　　　　　 飞行；航班 ‎2．cheek n. 面颊 ‎3．dash vi. 猛冲；突进 ‎4．simply adv. 简单地；只 ‎5．posture n. 姿势；体态 ‎6．crossroads n. 十字路口 ‎7．frown vi. 皱眉；蹙额　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎ [第二屏听写]‎ ‎8．misread vt.　　　　　　　 读错；误解 ‎9．facial adj. 面部的 ‎10．fist n. 拳头 ‎11．yawn vi. 打呵欠 ‎12．respectful adj. 恭敬的 ‎13．subjective adj. 主观的 ‎14．rank n. 等级；军衔 ‎15．cassette n. 磁带 ‎16．employee n. 雇员　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第三屏听写]‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎1．greet vi.& vt.　 　　　　 迎接；问候 ‎2．represent vt. 代表；象征 ‎3．dormitory n. 宿舍 ‎ ‎4．canteen n. 食堂 ‎5．curious adj. 好奇的 ‎6．curiously adv. 好奇地 ‎7．approach vt.& vi. 接近；靠近；走近 n. 接近；方法；途径　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ ‎8．defend vt.　　　　　　　 保护；保卫 ‎9．defence n. 防御；保卫 ‎10．major adj. 主要的 ‎11．misunderstand vt. 误解；误会 ‎12．misunderstanding n. 误解；误会 ‎13．adult n. 成人；成年人 adj. 成人的；成熟的 ‎14．spoken adj. 口语的 ‎15．unspoken adj. 未说出口的；非口语的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎ [第五屏听写]‎ ‎16．likely adj.　　　　　　 可能的 ‎17．function n. 作用；功能；职能 vi. 起作用；运转 ‎18．ease n. 安逸；舒适 vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)‎ ‎19．anger n. 怒气； 怒火 ‎20．truly adv. 真实地；真诚地；真正地 ‎21．hug vi.& vt. 拥抱　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎22．association n．　　　　　 社团；联系；联想 ‎23．false adj. 错误的；假的 ‎24．statement n. 陈述；说明 ‎25．defend_...against 防御；保卫……以免受 ‎26．be_likely_to 很可能……；有希望……‎ ‎27．in_general 总的来说；通常 ‎28．at_ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 ‎29．turn_one's_back_to 背对 ‎30．lose_face 丢脸　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ 二、刷清单—— ‎(一)核心单词 阅读 单词 ‎1.flight n．　　飞行；航班 ‎2．cheek n. 面颊 ‎3．dash vi. 猛冲；突进 ‎4.crossroads n．　　十字路口 ‎5．facial adj. 面部的 ‎6．fist n. 拳头 ‎8.subjective adj.　　主观的 ‎9．rank n. 等级；军衔 ‎7．yawn vi. 打呵欠 ‎10．posture n. 姿势；体态 ‎11．cassette n. 磁带 表达单词 ‎1.dormitory n．　　　　宿舍 ‎ ‎2．major adj. 主要的 ‎3．approach vt.&vi. 接近；走近；靠近 n. 接近；方法；途径 ‎4．likely adj. 可能的 ‎5．hug vi.&vt. 拥抱 ‎6．function n. 作用；功能；职能 vi. 起作用；运转 ‎7．represent vt. 代表；象征 ‎ ‎8．canteen n. 食堂 ‎9 ease n. 安逸；舒适 vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)‎ ‎10．adult n. 成年人；成人 adj. 成人的；成熟的 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．As you know, smoking is one of the major (主要的) causes of cancer, so you'd better give it up.‎ ‎2．The function (作用) of smile is usually considered to show happiness.‎ ‎3．At the meeting they discussed three different approaches (方法) to the study of mathematics.‎ ‎4．As an adult (成年人), you should be responsible for your own decisions.‎ ‎5．Linda and I, representing (代表) our class, will take part in the contest to be held this weekend.‎ ‎6．The building is designed as the dormitory (宿舍) for the students.‎ 拓 展 单 词 ‎1.statement n．陈述；说明→state v．陈述；说明 ‎2．greet vi.&vt.迎接；问候→greeting n．问候；招呼 ‎3．association n．社团；联系；联想→associate vt.把……联系起来；联系→associated adj.有关联的 ‎4．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇；好奇心 ‎5．defend vt.保护；保卫→defence n．防御；保卫 ‎6．misunderstand vt.误解；误会→misunderstanding n ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．The curious boy looked at the box curiously and then he opened it out of curiosity.(curious)‎ ‎2．To tell you the truth,_I'm truly grateful for your helping me make my dream come true.(true)‎ ‎3．In time of war, lots of money will be spent on defence and many measures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked.(defend)‎ ‎4．Entering a supermarket, I was warmly greeted by the greengrocer (果菜商). His cheery greetings made me feel at home.(greet)‎ ‎5．I wouldn't want to be associated with the illegal association.(associate)‎ ‎6．He stated the other day that the statement was not made by him.(state)‎ ‎．误解；误会 ‎7．spoken adj.口语的→unspoken adj.(反义词)未说出口的；非口语的 ‎8．anger n．怒气； 怒火→angry adj.生气的 ‎9．truly adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地→true adj.真实的→truth n．真实；真理 ‎(二)常用短语 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.be_curious_about　　对……感到好奇 ‎2．defend_..._against 保卫……以免受；防御 ‎3．on_the_contrary 相反地 ‎4．be_likely_to 很可能……；有希望……‎ ‎5．in_general 总的来说；通常 ‎6．get_close_to 接近；靠近 ‎7．as_if 好像 ‎8．at_ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 ‎9．turn_one's_back_to 背对；背弃 ‎10．lose_face 丢脸 ‎1.Mountainclimbing is great fun.You'll get_close_to nature and take exercise at the same time.‎ ‎2．They were afraid of risking failure because they didn't want to lose_face.‎ ‎3．Their criticism did not discourage me. On_the_contrary,_I worked even harder.‎ ‎4．If the host is too enthusiastic to the guests, he might not put them at_ease.‎ ‎5．In_general,_the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.‎ ‎6．Look, dark clouds are gathering in the sky; it is_likely_to rain later on.‎ ‎(三)经典句式 原句背诵 句式解构 佳句仿写 ‎1.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.‎ 第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。‎ the first/last (one/person) to do sth.意为“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”。‎ 张梦雪是2016里约奥运会中国获得的第一枚金牌的运动员。‎ Zhang Mengxue was the first Chinese athlete to_win_the_gold_medal in 2016 Rio Olympic Games.‎ ‎2.Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.‎ 各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。‎ not all“并非所有的都……”，表示部分否定。‎ 并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。‎ Not_all_are_willing_to_do_such_work,_for it is quite hard for some of them.‎ ‎3.However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.‎ 不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。‎ be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”。‎ 如果你努力学习，你很有可能考入理想的大学。(2014·四川高考书面表达)‎ If you study hard, you are_likely_to_be_admitted_to your dreaming university.‎ ‎(四)初中考点再回顾 高频考查类——记熟 文化差异类——辨清 易忘易错类——勤览 ‎1.make_a_decision　做决定 ‎2．make_a_mess 弄得一团糟 ‎3．make_a_mistake 犯错误 ‎4．make one's bed 铺床 ‎5．make sb. feel at home ‎ 让某人感到宾至如归 ‎6．milk a cow 挤牛奶 ‎1.practise_singing 　　　练习唱歌 ‎2．arrive_late 来晚了 ‎3．sing along with music 随着音乐一起唱 ‎4．dance to music 伴着音乐跳舞 ‎5．a piece of music 一首曲子 ‎6．be supposed to do sth.应该做某事 ‎1.environmental protection 环境保护 ‎2．ecosystem n. 生态系统 ‎3．noise pollution 噪音污染 ‎4．light pollution 光污染 ‎5．at the top of the food chain在食物链的顶端 ‎6．save the earth 拯救地球 一、过重点单词—— ‎1．represent vt.代表；象征；表现；描写；描绘；声称 ‎[经典例句]　Last but not least, I feel it an honour to represent my class to take part in the group dancing competition.‎ 最后但同样重要的是，我觉得代表我班参加小组跳舞比赛非常荣幸。‎ ‎(1)represent ...as/to be ...　　 把……描绘成……‎ represent sth.to sb. 向某人说明某事 represent oneself as/to be ... 自称是……‎ ‎(2)representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的；有代表性的 ‎[多角练透]‎ 同义替换 ‎①On behalf of (＝Representing) our school, I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.(2014·陕西高考书面表达)‎ 单句语法填空 ‎②In the afternoon, you together with some of our student representatives (represent) are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.‎ 补全句子 ‎③She represents her mother as/to_be the kindest mother in the world.‎ 她把她的妈妈描绘成世界上最好的母亲。‎ ‎2．curious adj.好奇的 ‎[高考佳句]　The life of American high school students is a good choice because Chinese students are curious about the school life of American students.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)‎ 美国的高中生生活是一个不错的选择，因为中国的学生对美国学生的学校生活非常好奇。‎ ‎(1)be curious about　　　　　 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事 ‎(2)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心 with curiosity 好奇地 from/out of curiosity 出于好奇 ‎(3)curiously adv. 好奇地 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I'm curious to_know (know) how many satellites have been sent to space up to now.‎ ‎②In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website.‎ ‎③They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity (curious) about scientific discoveries. (2014·浙江高考书面表达)‎ ‎④Suddenly the girl calmed down and began looking all around with curiosity.‎ 单句改错 ‎⑤Curious enough, the same thing happened again a year later exactly.Curious→Curiously ‎3．approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近；找……商量n.接近；方法；途径；步骤；通道 ‎[教材原句]　Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!‎ 托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，亲了亲她的脸！‎ ‎(1)an approach to ...　　 ……的方法/通道(to为介词)‎ ‎(2)approach sth. 靠近/接近……‎ ‎...be approaching ……快到了 ‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.‎ 单句改错 ‎②The job market has changed and our approaches to find work must change as well.find→finding 一句多译 随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定换一种方式举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。‎ ‎③As Teachers' Day was_approaching,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.‎ ‎④With Teachers' Day approaching,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.‎ ‎⑤With Teachers' Day around_the_corner,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.‎ ‎⑥As Teachers' Day was_drawing_near,_ our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.‎ 注意下面“(做)……的方法”的正确搭配 ‎①the approach to (doing) sth.‎ ‎②the way to do/of (doing) sth.‎ ‎③the means of (doing) sth.‎ ‎④the method of (doing) sth.　　 ‎ ‎4．defend vt.保护；保卫；辩护 ‎[经典例句]　Some people think that students should be trained to defend themselves against some attacks.‎ 有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭某些攻击。‎ ‎(1)defend ...from/against　　　 保护……以免受；防御 defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫 ‎(2)defence n. 防御；保卫 in defence of 保卫；为……辩护 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①When the dog attacked me, I defended myself (I) with a stick.‎ ‎②He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers to_defend (defend) him.‎ ‎③Property insurance helps you to defend against natural disasters, in front of which humans appear too small.‎ 单句改错 ‎④All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in defend of their own homes.defend→defence ‎5．major adj.主要的；重要的n.专业vi.主修 ‎[教材原句]　I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.‎ 我猜想很可能有大误会。‎ ‎(1)major in　　　　　　　　　 主修 ‎(2)in the majority 占大多数 the majority of 大多数……‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He had a bitter quarrel with his parents about what he would major in at Stanford University.‎ 单句改错 ‎②In that company I once worked, women workers are in majority.in后加the 同义替换 ‎③Generally speaking, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, most of (＝the_majority_of) them are over the age of fifty.‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The teacher often asks us to make use of every chance we get to improve our spoken (speak) English.‎ ‎2．My brother's facial (face) expression suggested that he was very happy.‎ ‎3．She stared at his husband with anger (angry), saying that she would never forgive him.‎ ‎4．She is not an outgoing person and she doesn't let anyone know what she truly (true) felt.‎ ‎5．Much to his delight, the top student will represent his school to_make (make) a speech at the meeting.‎ ‎6．Being_misunderstood (misunderstand) by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.‎ ‎7．With the summer vacation approaching (approach), he is wondering what to do during this time.‎ ‎8．The trees planted at the end of the 1990s have become a powerful defence (defend) against the strong wind.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Speak clearly, or you'll make yourself misunderstand.misunderstand→misunderstood ‎2．She is in Beijing university, majors in English Literature.majors→majoring ‎3．The students are looking forward to represent the school to take part in the sports meet.represent→representing ‎4．We would have avoided make such a mistake, but we did not follow his sound advice.make→making ‎5．I appreciate the professor's new approach to teach languages.teach→teaching Ⅲ.句型转换 ‎1．He was curious about Australian cities, so he read the book written by Dr.Johnson.‎ ‎→Curious_about_Australian_cities,_he read the book written by Dr.Johnson.(形容词短语作状语)‎ ‎2．When we approached the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.‎ ‎→Approaching_the_city_center,_we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.(现在分词短语作时间状语)‎ ‎3．He has hired a lawyer to defend him against his action.‎ ‎→He has hired a lawyer in_defence_of_his_action.(defence)‎ 二、过短语、句式—— ‎1．in general总的来说；通常 ‎[教材原句]　In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!‎ 但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难！‎ ‎(1)as a general rule　　　　　 一般而言；通常 generally speaking 总体而言；一般而言 ‎(2)on the whole＝to sum up 总的来说 as a whole 就整体来看；一般地说 in a word 总之 in short/brief 简而言之；总之 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Peter can be really difficult to deal with at times even though he's a nice person in general.‎ ‎②Generally (general) speaking, the number of the people who drive after drinking is on the decrease.‎ 补全句子 ‎③As_a_general_rule,_the more expensive the computer is, the better it is.‎ 一般而言，电脑越贵越好。‎ ‎2．at ease舒适；快活；自由自在 ‎[经典例句]　In general, we don't feel at ease in the strange surroundings.‎ 通常，我们在陌生的环境里感到不舒服。‎ ‎(1)feel/look at ease　　 感到/看上去心情放松 put sb. at ease 使某人放松 take one's ease 休息；轻松一下 ‎(2)with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地 ‎(3)ease one's mind 使某人安心 ease sb. of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.‎ ‎②I eased him of his difficulty by telling him what to do.‎ 补全句子 ‎③When you feel nervous, you'd better listen to some light music to put_yourself_at_ease.‎ 当你感到紧张时，你最好听一些轻音乐使自己放松一下。‎ ‎3．the first/last (one/person) to do sth.“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”‎ The_first_person_to_arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.‎ 第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。‎ ‎(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next, the only, the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。‎ ‎(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer,‎ ‎ anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief等。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①If I have any further news, you will be the first person to_know (know)．‎ ‎②There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to_contact (contact) you failed.‎ 补全句子 ‎③The ability to_express_an_idea is as important as the idea itself.‎ 表达思想的能力和思想本身同等重要。‎ ‎4．be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”‎ However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are_more_likely_to_touch them.‎ 不过，来自像西班牙、意大利和南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。‎ Sb./Sth.be likely to do sth.＝It's likely that ...意为“……做某事是可能的”。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①That means the price is likely to_go (go) down because of the competition.‎ ‎②If you can find suitable learning methods, your learning efficiency is likely to_be_improved (improve)．‎ 句型转换 ‎③If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.‎ ‎→If you grow up in a large family, it_is_more_likely_that you develop the ability to get on well with others.‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 up and down，in defence of，on the contrary，turn one's back to，in general ‎1．I didn't see his face clearly because he turned_his_back_to me.‎ ‎2．In_general,_most teenagers now listen to pop music. However, John prefers classical music.‎ ‎3．The poor girl wandered up_and_down in the street，not knowing where to go.‎ ‎4．In_defence_of our motherland, a large number of people lost their lives.‎ ‎5．I didn't make fun of you. On_the_contrary,_I envy you because you can choose your work.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．John's careless work made him lose his face before his boss.去掉第一个his ‎2．Nurses do all they can to make patients feel with ease.with→at ‎3．Mother worked late into the night, prepare things for my college.prepare→preparing ‎4．He was late today. However, his teacher forgave him as he was the first arrive at school in general.arrive前加to ‎5．As we are not familiar with the city, we are likely to getting lost on the way back to the hotel.getting→get Ⅲ.一句多译 ‎1．面对危险，并非所有的人能保持冷静。‎ ‎①Not_all_the_people_can_keep_calm in the face of danger.‎ ‎②All_the_people_cannot_keep_calm in the face of danger.‎ ‎2．随着高考临近，我们压力很大。‎ ‎①With_the_college_entrance_examination_approaching,_we are under great stress. (with, approach)‎ ‎②As_the_college_entrance_examination_draws_near,_we are under great stress.(as, draw)‎ ‎3．众所周知，早起早睡是个好习惯。‎ ‎①As we all know, going_to_bed_early_and_getting_up_early is a good habit.(v.ing作主语)‎ ‎②As we all know, it_is_a_good_habit_to_go_to_bed_early_and_get_up_early.(it作形式主语)‎ ‎4．如果你继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。‎ ‎①You are_likely_to_suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.‎ ‎②It_is_likely_that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.‎ 三、过语法、写作—— ‎(一)单元小语法——动词ing形式作定语或状语 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The lecture, starting (start) at 7：00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.‎ ‎2．I was starting to panic, feeling (feel) completely abandoned. Suddenly I saw a faint light in the distance.‎ ‎3．Not knowing (know) what to do, the children had to wait for their parents to come back.‎ ‎4．Having_been_translated (translate) into many languages, the book is popular in many countries.‎ ‎5．The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing (stand) in the corner.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Outside the library, I saw a man driving around the small parking lot, try to find a parking space.try→trying ‎2．Enjoyed the beauty of nature, we should try our best to protect it.Enjoyed→Enjoying ‎3．A week before the Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, called on us to join in the action for a greener earth.called→calling ‎4．Walk in the park this morning, I came across two beautiful birds.Walk→Walking ‎5．The case shocked the public, caused a hot debate over human nature on the Internet.caused→causing ‎(二)课堂微写作练缩写——让语言更凝练 ‎[题目要求]‎ 众所周知，身势语是安静、神秘而又最强大的语言之一，请把下面的作文缩写成60词左右的文章，简单介绍身势语。‎ It is well known that body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all. It speaks louder than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more messages than we realize.As we have more communication with foreigners, we should pay more attention to the differences in our body language.‎ As a matter of fact, many differences exist between Chinese and American body language.For example, there are more touching gestures in China than in American. Women or girls in China often walk handinhand which is very rare in America. Also, Americans thinks it rude to put out one's tongue, while the Chinese often use this gesture when they are embarrassed. Furthermore, Chinese people will pat children on the head if they like them, while the Americans do so to offer encouragement or comfort.‎ In a word, only by fully understanding all the differences in body language can we expect to achieve proper communication. But whatever the situation, the best advice is to obey the Golden Rule: Treat others as you would like to be treated.‎ ‎[答案示例]‎ Body_language_is_the_quiet,_secret_and_most_powerful_language_of_all._It_speaks_louder_than_words._Our_bodies_send_out_more_messages_than_we_realize._We_should_pay_more_attention_to_the_differences_in_our_body_language._Many_differences_exist_between_Chinese_and_American_body_language._In_a_word,_only_by_fully_understanding_all_the_differences_in_body_language_can_we_expect_to_achieve_proper_communication.‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·长沙一模)In between running one of the world's largest charitable agencies and acting ‎ as Microsoft's technology advisor, Bill Gates manages to find time to read books, both long and short. Now Gates — who has been labeled a “greedy” reader — has released a list of his favorite books. All of the books are standout reads, according to the billionaire, most of which are focused on business and economy.‎ Here are Bill's top four picks (with parts of his full review of each book)．‎ Business Adventures, by John Brooks Brooks' collection was published in 1969 and remains one of Gates' favorites. He reread it again this year, labeling it the best business book he has ever read.‎ ‎“Shortly after we met, Warren Buffett lent me this collection of business articles from The New Yorker from the 1950s and 1960s. I loved them as much as he did. Brooks' insights (洞察力) into business have aged beautifully, and they are as true today as ever.”‎ Capital in the TwentyFirst Century, by Thomas Piketty Piketty's novel hit the shelves in August 2013 and sparked much discussion concerning income inequality throughout this year. Gates also got to sit down with Piketty himself after reading the nonfiction work to discuss the topic.‎ ‎“As I told him, although I have concerns about some of his secondary points and policy prescriptions, I agree with his most important conclusions: inequality is a growing problem and governments should play a role in reducing it.”‎ How Asia Works, by Joe Studwell Studwell's work, which was published in May 2014, addresses how countries such as Japan, South Korea and China have continued to achieve high growth, and why other countries have failed to do the same.‎ ‎“The agriculture section of the book was particularly insightful. It provided ample food for thought for me as well as the whole Agriculture team at our foundation. And it left us thinking about whether parts of the Asian model can apply in Africa.”‎ Making the Modern World: Materials and Dematerialization, by Vaclav Smil Smil's books are a constant favorite of the Microsoft's founder — one of his books makes Gates' list almost every year. Making the Modern World came out late in 2013 and explores the global use of materials, from silicon to wood and plastic.‎ ‎“If anyone tries to tell you we're using fewer materials, send him this book. With his usual skepticism and his love of data, Smil shows how our ability to make things with fewer materials — say, soda cans that need less aluminum — makes them cheaper, which actually encourages more production.”‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了比尔·盖茨喜欢阅读的四本关于商业和经济的书。‎ ‎1．The books mentioned in the text are mainly about ________.‎ A．charity in the world B．business and economy C．poverty in the world D．Bill Gates' life experience 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“All of the books are standout reads, according to the billionaire, most of which are focused on business and economy.”可知，比尔·盖茨喜欢的这些书都是优秀读物，其中大部分书与商业和经济有关，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．Of the books, ________ is best praised by Bill Gates.‎ A．How Asia Works B．Capital in the TwentyFirst Century C．Business Adventures D．Making the Modern World：Materials and Dematerialization 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“He reread it again this year, labeling it the best business book he has ever read.”可知，Business Adventures这本书是最受比尔·盖茨称赞的，故C项正确。‎ ‎3．Gates once had a personal discussion with the author of________.‎ A．Capital in the TwentyFirst Century B．Business Adventures C．How Asia Works D．Making the Modern World：Materials and Dematerialization 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句“Gates also got to sit down with Piketty himself after reading the nonfiction work to discuss the topic.”可知，比尔·盖茨和Capital in the TwentyFirst Century这本书的作者坐下来交谈过，故A项正确。‎ ‎4．In How Asia Works, the author analyses ________.‎ A．why African agriculture cannot develop fast B．how they can apply Asian economic model in African countries C．why Asia is slow in agricultural development D．how some Asian countries have rapidly grown in economy 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“addresses how countries such as Japan, South Korea and China have continued to achieve high growth”可知，How Asia Works主要介绍了一些亚洲国家如日本、韩国和中国是如何快速发展经济的，故D项正确。‎ B ‎(2018·山东省部分重点中学联考)The Scottish composer Evelyn Glennie lost nearly all her hearing as a young girl, yet went on to a very successful career in music including winning Grammy awards. When somebody asks her，“How do you hear？” She responds, “How do you hear? Is it only with your ears？” For Glennie, and for us too, listening is not only hearing,‎ ‎ but is understanding. We need to listen to what is said and unsaid, and also how it is said.‎ It's important to hear what people say accurately. As Mark Twain said，“The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug (萤火虫)．” If you miss something or you're not sure you've heard accurately, ask the speakers. At this point you're not evaluating what they say, but just looking for accuracy and understanding. Here are some ways to get clear about what they say and don't say. Why are they saying this now, instead of sooner or later? Why are they emphasizing these points, instead of something else?‎ Listen to how it is said. People send signals about what they mean with their voices and body language that sometimes differ from the words they say. While going through the next points, think about someone whose real meaning you might sometimes miss, and see if any of these signals might come up. First, voices. When others speak, notice changes in their volume, pace, and tone. Second, body language. Notice gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions. Do these sync what they are saying, or do they tell a different story? Third, emotions. What is the person true feeling? Now you might not know for sure, but be considerate, open to understanding, and ask thoughtful questions.‎ 语篇解读：本文讲述了聆听的内涵。我们要听懂说话人想要表达的言外之意，并且要注意说话方式。‎ ‎5．What's the writer's purpose of mentioning Evelyn Glennie?‎ A．To give an example of wise words.‎ B．To introduce a worldfamous musician.‎ C．To help explain the meaning of listening.‎ D．To encourage us to fight against disability.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For Glennie, and for us too, listening is not only hearing, but is understanding.”可知，对于Glennie和“我们”来说，聆听不仅是用耳朵听而且是理解，这里说明了聆听的内涵。所以选项C正确。‎ ‎6．What can we learn from what Mark Twain said?‎ A．It is important to have a good knowledge of English words.‎ B．People should know words can be used in many different ways.‎ C．English is a very complicated language with a large vocabulary.‎ D．The slight difference between words may result in misunderstanding.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It's important to hear what people say accurately.”和“At this point you're not evaluating what they say, but just looking for accuracy and understanding.”可知，准确听懂说话者的意思很重要。因此，选项D“‎ 词语的细微差异可能导致误解”与Mark Twain所说的话意思相吻合。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “sync” in the last paragraph probably mean?‎ A．Match.　　　　　　　　 B．Prove.‎ C．Describe. D．Analyze.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。画线词前的修饰词these指代前一句中的“gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions”；再根据画线词后的“what they are saying, or do they tell a different story”可推断，match与画线词意思相近。故选A。‎ ‎8．Which is the best title for this passage?‎ A．Speak While You Listen B．Listen Beyond Words C．Read Between Lines D．Think as You Talk 解析：选B　标题归纳题。本文主要说明通过观察说话人的说话方式来听懂说话人想表达的言外之意。所以选B。‎ C ‎(2018·海口调研)Students at Harvard this term have been doing something for the first time in the university's long history. They promise not to cheat, or more specifically, to sign up to an honor code in which they promise to stick to values of academic integrity (学术诚信). It means students at the wellknown US university have to promise not to cheat in exams.‎ Brett Flehinger, a professor at Harvard, says students now write their own “personal response” to the honor code before starting term, repeat their promise when registering and then again before taking exams.‎ Harvard's adoption of an honor code follows a widelyknown cheating event in 2012. On one exam paper, more than a hundred students were investigated and about 70 later faced punishment.‎ An annual survey was conducted by the student newspaper, the Harvard Crimson. The survey, based on a sample of more than 70% of new students, also asked about cheating. It found 9% admitted to having cheated in an exam. There were others who had cheated in homework, academic work and other assignments.‎ So will students be stopped from cheating by a promise?‎ A study published in October by the US National Bureau of Economic Research found “strong evidence” of cheating from at least 10% of students. “It is not surprising that students cheat — they have enough reasons to do so, and the likelihood of getting caught is low，” concluded the study. “What is perhaps more surprising is that so little effort is devoted to catching cheating students.”‎ Would an honor code make a difference?‎ Sir Cary Cooper, a professor at Manchester Business School, says, “I don't think it actually stops the cheating that much. A university will have it because it gives specific moral guidance about what is incorrect behavior.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。哈佛大学为了防止学生在考试中作弊，在注册和考试前让学生签署诚信守则，以此来提升学术诚信度。‎ ‎9．What's the main purpose of Harvard's honor code?‎ A．To spread knowledge.‎ B．To prevent students cheating in exams.‎ C．To punish students cheating in exams.‎ D．To introduce results of failing in the exams.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句及第一段内容可知，哈佛大学的诚信守则的主要目的是防止学生考试作弊。故选B。‎ ‎10．What made Harvard's honor code appear?‎ A．The survey by the Harvard Crimson.‎ B．A lot of Harvard's students' suggestions.‎ C．The influence from the other US universities.‎ D．A number of Harvard's students' cheating in exams.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句及第三段内容可知，作弊事件迫使哈佛大学采用诚信守则制度。故选D。‎ ‎11．What do we know about the new students of Harvard?‎ A．Nobody admitted having cheated in exams.‎ B．Some of them cheated in academic work.‎ C．All of them cheated on homework.‎ D．They didn't cheat in exams.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句及第四段内容可知，一些哈佛新生曾在学术作业中作弊过。故选B。‎ ‎12．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Students at Harvard are learning to behave honestly in exams B．Harvard is working on the exam paper about cheating C．Harvard forces students to follow the honor code D．Students at Harvard are tired of cheating in exams 解析：选A　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍哈佛大学为了防止学生在考试中作弊，采用了诚信守则制度，因此A项“哈佛学生正学习在考试中诚信”适合做文章标题。故选A。‎ D ‎(2018·福州五校第一次联考)There is a popular saying in the English language：“Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” Well, that is not true. Unkind words, namecalling or even the socalled “the silent treatment” can hurt children as much as being ‎ physically hit, sometimes even more so.‎ A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm development in the brain. The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. Researcher Martin Teicher and his team studied young adults, aged 18 to 25. These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents. The researchers asked the young people to rate their childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects.　‎ The images showed that the people who reported suffering verbal abuse from peers in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain. The two sides of the brain are connected by a large bundle of connecting fibers called the corpus callosum. This was the area that was underdeveloped.‎ The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing. So, unkind, hurtful comments from children or adults during this period have the greatest effect. The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of people had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study.‎ The researchers published their findings online on the American Journal of Psychiatry's website.‎ Parents cannot control what other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。马萨诸塞州哈佛医学院的研究人员发现，语言暴力会干扰大脑神经的连接，对孩子的大脑发育造成不良影响。‎ ‎13．Why does the author use the popular saying at the beginning?‎ A．To show the power of words.‎ B．To introduce an opposite view.‎ C．To prove the author's argument.‎ D．To show ancient people's wisdom.‎ 解析：选B　作者意图题。引用名人名言、谚语等是文章开篇的常见写作方式，且大多用来引出文章的话题。但是根据此谚语后面的“Well, that is not true. Unkind words ... sometimes even more so.”可知，本文引用这个谚语恰恰是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点，故选B。‎ ‎14．What will be discussed in the next paragraph?‎ A．Comments on the findings.‎ B．Approaches to further studies.‎ C．Suggestions to parents.‎ D．Different opinions on the matter.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者接下来应该会就“父母如何帮助自己的孩子为可能遭受的语言暴力做好准备，使他们不会受到语言暴力的影响”给出一些方法或建议。故选C。‎ ‎15．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A．The way we speak matters.‎ B．Verbal violence should be stopped.‎ C．Unkind words hurt the brain.‎ D．Words are worse than sticks and stones.‎ 解析：选C　主旨大意题。文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响，再根据文中的“verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm development in the brain”可以看出，其影响主要体现在孩子的大脑发育方面。故选C。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2018·成都市诊断性检测)Color is in everything we touch, taste, smell and feel.It evokes (唤起) emotion without any thought.__1__ We are all familiar with it, but do you know the following facts?‎ Silver will save you life.When buying a new car and finding yourself facing various choices, you can't think clearly.Your best choice is to go with silver.Silvercolored cars are least likely to be involved in a car accident.__2__ Another reason is the silver color's ability to have a look of cleanliness.‎ ‎__3__ Tough prisoners and crazy patients? It is the color commonly used to help calm down those who are out of control.So it surely has a useful place and a purpose, other than decorating a dress or Barbie's dream house.‎ Yellow makes you hungry.Yellow and orange are not recommended for use in kitchens, as they have a positive influence on your appetite.__4__ I'm not normally one for conspiracy (阴谋) theories — but perhaps there's something in it for them if we remain ignorant of yellow's effects.‎ Color is an imaginary friend.Technically, it's all in our heads: color does not exist at all.__5__ So, if you start a heated debate over color combinations with someone that you are certain has a low IQ or is just colorblind, remember it's a pointless argument and you should drop it instantly. You're both wrong.‎ A．Pink comforts the nerves.‎ B．Blue is the most common favorite color.‎ C．They are most noticeable on the road and in low light.‎ D．Yellowcolored walls seldom leave us wanting more food.‎ E．It can be the focus of our careers, our lifestyle and the fun we have.‎ F．Then where would our restaurant owners be without the clever tricks?‎ G．Color tries to make sense of the huge amount of information from the outer world.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些色彩的作用。‎ ‎1选E　根据上文可知，色彩与人们的生活密切相关，可以唤起人们的情感。E项“色彩是人们职业、生活方式和娱乐的焦点”与此呼应，所以选E项。‎ ‎2．选C　根据上文的“Your best choice is to go with silver.Silvercolored cars are least likely to be involved in a car accident.”及下文的“Another reason is the silver color's ability to have a look of cleanliness.”可知，银色引人注目，不易引起交通事故，所以选C项。‎ ‎3．选A　根据下文的“It is the color commonly used to help calm down those who are out of control.”可推知，本段所介绍的颜色有定心安神的作用，所以选A项。‎ ‎4．选F　根据下文的“I'm not normally one for conspiracy (阴谋) ... if we remain ignorant of yellow's effects.”可推知应选F项，餐馆老板利用色彩的作用招揽更多的顾客。‎ ‎5．选G　根据上文的“Color is an imaginary friend.Technically, it's all in our heads: color does not exist at all.”可推知，本段对色彩进行了综合性的客观描述，与G项吻合，所以选G项。‎