2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修八Unit3Theworldofcoloursandlight单元学案设计（38页） 46页

‎2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修八Unit3The world of colours and light单元学案设计 ‎ 文学与艺术之(四)——绘画作品 ‎[一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．abstract adj.抽象的 n．摘要，概要 ‎2．wrinkle vt.& vi.(使)起皱纹n.皱纹，皱褶，皱痕 ‎3．helicopter n．直升机　　　　　　　4.consensus n．共识，一致的意见 ‎5．shadow n．阴影，影子；阴暗处 6.pond n．池塘 ‎7．dormitory n．集体宿舍 8.souvenir n．纪念物，纪念品 ‎9．dip vt.& vi.浸，蘸 ‎10．acute adj.锐角的；强烈的；(疾病)急性的；灵敏的；敏锐的 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．output n．产量，输出量；输出 2.passerby n．路人，过路的人 ‎3．scenery n．风景，景色，风光 4.scholarship n．奖学金 ‎5．medium n．(艺术创作的)材料，形式；媒介，传媒 adj.中等的 ‎6．reward n．回报，报酬，奖励 vt.奖励，给以报酬 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.architecture n．建筑；建筑学→architect n．建筑师；设计师 ‎　2.calculate vt.& vi.计算；推测→calculation n．计算；预测 ‎*3.commit vt.& vi.全心全意投入；犯罪，犯错；承诺，保证→committed adj.坚定的，忠诚的→commitment n．承诺，许诺，保证，任务 ‎　4.agent n．代理人，经纪人→agency n．代理机构 ‎*5.accommodation n．住处；住宿，膳宿；和解，调解→accommodate vt.为……提供住宿 ‎　6.changeable adj.多变的，易变的→change vt.改变 n．变化 ‎*7.admission n．(机构、组织等的)准许加入，进入权；承认；入场费→admit vt.承认，准许进入，允许加入 ‎*8.disgusting adj.令人不快的，令人厌恶的，令人愤慨的→disgust vt.使厌恶→disgusted adj.厌恶的 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The naughty boy made a commitment to his teacher that he would never commit the same mistake again.‎ ‎2．If you can't find any accommodations elsewhere, here is a room which can accommodate up to five people.‎ ‎3．Tom applied for admission to the graduate program at Northwestern University but wasn't admitted into it at last.‎ ‎4．The building was designed by a famous architect.Its style of architecture belongs to Europe.‎ ‎5．What the factory did disgusted people living here. The smell it let off was disgusting and I was disgusted at it.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．studio /'stjuːdiəu/ n．　　　　画室 ‎2．selfportrait /self'pɔːtrit/ n. 自画像 ‎3．sketch /sketʃ/ n. 草图；素描 ‎4．shade /ʃeid/ n. 暗影 ‎5．painting /'peintiŋ/ n. 油画，水彩画 ‎6．gallery /'ɡæləri/ n. 画廊 ‎7．inspiration /ˌinspə'reiʃən/ n. 灵感，启发 ‎8．technique /tek'niːk/ n. 技巧 ‎9．production /prəu'dʌkʃən/ n. 作品 ‎10．reflection /rɪ'flekʃ(ə)n/ n. 反映 ‎11．background /'bækɡraund/ n. 背景 ‎12．appeal /ə'piːl/ n．& v. 吸引力；吸引 ‎13．exhibition /ˌeksi'biʃən/ n. 展览；展览会 ‎14．display /ˌdis'plei/ n．& vt. 展示；陈列 ‎15．reflect /ri'flekt/ v. 反映 ‎16．admire /əd'maiə/ v. 欣赏 ‎17．classic /'klæsik/ adj. 经典的 ‎18．unique /juː'niːk/ adj. 独特的 ‎19．artistic /ɑː'tistik/ adj. 艺术的 ‎20．extraordinary /ik'strɔːdənəri/ adj. 非凡的 ‎21．vivid /'vivid/ adj. 生动的 ‎22．visual /'vizjuəl/ adj. 视觉的 ‎23．valuable /'væljuəbl/ adj. 有价值的 ‎24．live /laiv/ adj. 现场直播的 ‎25．outline /'autlain/ n. 要点；大纲 ‎26．series /'siəriːz/ n. 系列 ‎27．appreciate /ə'priːʃieit/ vt. 欣赏 ‎28．precious /'preʃəs/ adj. 宝贵的，珍贵的 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎ [课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.experiment_with 用……做试/实验　　　　*2.be_off_to 动身去……‎ ‎*3.make_a_reservation 预订 *4.upwards_of 在……以上 ‎*5.cut_up 切碎 *6.lay_out 布置；铺开 ‎　7.cut_sth._out_(of_sth.) 剪出，剪下 *8.have_a_go_(at) 试一试 ‎　9.try_out 试用 　10.in_addition 而且，另外 ‎　11.so_far 到目前为止，迄今 　12.put_on 上演；穿上 ‎　13.be_eager_to_do_sth. 渴望去做某事 　14.have_an_appetite_for 喜爱 ‎　15.range_from_...to_... 从……到……(变化)‎ ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．Lay_out the map on the table and let's have a look.‎ ‎2．I don't know how to make a cake.I'll have_a_go_at it.‎ ‎3．Tomorrow we are_off_to London by train.‎ ‎4．I want to make meatballs.Would you please give me a hand to cut_up the meat?‎ ‎5．We had experimented_with several solutions to this problem before finding a proper one.‎ ‎6．Excuse me, I'm John Smith from the United States.I have made_a_reservation here for a week.‎ ‎7．It took them upwards_of one billion dollars to complete the project.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．works of art 　　　　艺术品 ‎2．appeal to 吸引 ‎3．true to life 逼真 ‎4．on exhibition/display 在展览 ‎5．be open to ... 向……开放 ‎6．apply ...to ... 把……应用于……‎ ‎7．sense of beauty 美感 ‎8．on show 在展出中 ‎9．abstract art 抽象艺术 ‎10．show up 出现 ‎11．be faced with 面对，面临 ‎12．have an influence on ... 对……有影响 ‎13．art gallery 画廊，美术馆 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．hardly ...when ... “一……就……；刚……就……”‎ ‎[例句]　Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.‎ ‎[仿写]　他一坐在桌子旁就开始向我们展示捏面人的基本技巧。(2015·北京高考满分作文)‎ Hardly_had he sat down at a table when he began to show us the basic skills of making dough figurines.‎ ‎2．虚拟条件句的倒装省略 ‎[例句]　Had you come with us, I guarantee you would have enjoyed Europe too.‎ ‎[仿写]　他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。‎ Had_he_seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.‎ ‎3．现在分词短语作结果状语 ‎[例句]　After his graduation, this project was exhibited in art galleries all over China, making him famous nationwide.‎ ‎[仿写]　孔子和他的学生写了许多教育方面的经典著作，对中国传统教育的影响很大。(2016·北京高考满分作文)‎ Confucius and his students wrote many educational classics, making_a_great_impact_on_the_Chinese_traditional_education.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their works.‎ 这次展览为当地艺术家提供了展示自己作品的机会。‎ ‎2．Art is much less important than life, but what a poor life without it!‎ 艺术远没有生活重要，但是没有艺术，生活是多么乏味啊！‎ ‎3．The artist's works displayed/on exhibition/on display at the museum were loved by everyone.‎ 在博物馆展出的那位艺术家的作品深受大家喜爱。‎ ‎4．It was a fascinating painting, with clever use of colours and light.‎ 这是一幅吸引人的绘画，色彩和光线的使用都十分巧妙。‎ ‎5．Most people invited to the opening ceremony were famous artists.‎ 被邀请参加开幕式的大多数人都是著名的艺术家。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ Last week, I was off to the gallery, where many abstract oil paintings were on exhibition. These works are inspired by everyday life and the relations among people as social characters. Some classical works not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically. I think it is a good chance for me to appreciate such valuable works.,　　上周我去了画廊，里面有很多抽象派油画在展出。这些作品的灵感来自于人们的日常生活及各种社会关系。一些经典作品不但让我们喜悦和兴奋，而且鼓励我们批判性地思考。我认为对我来说这是一个好机会，可以欣赏到如此宝贵的作品。‎ ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．commit vt.& vi.全心全意投入；犯罪，犯错；承诺，保证 ‎　[教材原句]　Unfortunately, although van Gogh committed his whole being to painting, he received little reward for his effort. ‎ 遗憾的是，尽管梵高全身心地投入绘画，他所得到的回报却微乎其微。‎ ‎(1)commit an error/a crime/suicide　　　　　做错事/犯罪/自杀 commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于；承诺/保证(做)某事 ‎(2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；尽责的；效忠的；坚定的 be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事 ‎(3)commitment n. 承诺，保证；花费；投入，忠于 make a commitment to sb. to do sth. 向某人承诺做某事 ‎①The government is_committed_to greatly developing education in the country.‎ 政府决心要大力发展本国的教育事业。‎ ‎②I can't commit myself to helping (help) you tomorrow.‎ 我不能保证明天能帮你。‎ ‎[熟词生义]　读句子猜词义 ‎③In order to keep up with the world situation, he commits an hour to reading the newspapers every morning.花费，使用 ‎2．reward n．回报，报酬，奖励 vt.给以报酬，奖励 ‎　[经典例句]　I didn't do it for reward; I did it for love.‎ 我做这件事不是为了报酬，而是出于爱好。‎ ‎(1)reward sb. with ...　 　用……报答/回报某人 reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事奖赏某人 ‎(2)in reward (for ...) 作为(对……的)报酬 as a reward for ... 作为对……的报酬 ‎(3)rewarding adj. 值得做的；报酬高的；有益的 ‎①The team were rewarded with the first prize.‎ 这个团队获得了第一名。‎ ‎②As_a_reward_for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents.‎ 因为她通过了考试，父母送给她一辆新自行车作为奖励。‎ ‎3．accommodation n．住处；住宿，膳宿；和解，调解 ‎　[教材原句]　So, instead, we found accommodation in a dormitory. ‎ 因此，与此相反，我们在一个集体宿舍里找到了住处。‎ ‎(1)make/provide accommodations for　　为……提供食宿 ‎(2)accommodate vt. 供应，供给；使适应；向……提供；容纳 ‎ accommodate to sth. 顺应/适应(新情况)‎ accommodate sb./oneself to sth. 使某人/自己适应某事 ‎ accommodate sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 ‎①The tour provides guides, accommodation (accommodate) and safety equipment for us.‎ 这次旅行给我们提供了向导、食宿和安全设备。‎ ‎②He will accommodate_me_with the use of his house while he is abroad.‎ 他在国外期间将把他的房子给我使用。‎ ‎③Her eyes took a while to accommodate_to the darkness.‎ 过了一会儿，她的眼睛才适应了黑暗。‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．calculate vt.& vi.计算；推测 ‎　单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①As calculated (calculate) in 1997 alone, about 2.3 million people died of HIV.‎ ‎②This painting is so valuable that it is difficult to_calculate (calculate) what its price would be.‎ ‎③萨莉算了一下，自己还剩下大约100美元。‎ Sally calculated_that she'd have about D|S100 left.‎ ‎④我们应该算算这要花多少钱。‎ We should calculate how_much_it_would_cost.‎ ‎2．disgusting adj.令人不快的，令人厌恶的，令人愤慨的 ‎　单句语法填空 ‎①It's disgusting (disgust) that the taxpayer is subsidising (资助) this project.‎ ‎②We were disgusted at the news that eight people died of the accident caused by the same drunk driver.‎ ‎③Much to my disgust, I found a hair in my soup.‎ ‎3．dip vt.& vi.浸，蘸；浏览 ‎　补全句子 ‎①我把筷子伸进水里，观察现象。‎ I dipped chopsticks into the water to observe the phenomenon.‎ ‎②我现在没有时间浏览此报告。‎ I have no time to_dip_into_the_report at the moment.‎ ‎[点拨]　dip ... into ...“把……浸入……”；dip into“把手伸进；浏览，翻阅(书、杂志等)”。‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I made a commitment (commit) to my parents to go there on time. ‎ ‎2．In the dusk of the moonless and starry (star) night, lights from windows shone vividly.‎ ‎3．It is said that the media (medium) were accused of influencing the final decision.‎ ‎4．What a disgusting (disgust) smell!‎ ‎5．At a primary school, I saw in one class a student dip her feet into ink and make a painting out of footprints.‎ ‎6．The host will provide accommodations and meals for all the guests.‎ ‎7．There would be a day when our faces would be wrinkled (wrinkle) and wizened (皱巴的)．‎ ‎8．The man rewarded the boy with D|S10 for bringing back the lost dog.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．I am committed to study hard from now on. study→studying ‎2．What has been calculated that the trip will take two days.What→It ‎3．She gave me a disgusting look and walked off.disgusting→disgusted ‎4．To be honest, I just want to dip these books.dip后加into ‎5．She walked slowly to accommodate herself with his ‎ pace.with→to ‎6．He studied very hard and was admitted in Beijing University.in→to/into ‎7．He received high praise in reward of his helping the old.of→for ‎ Ⅲ.单句写作(一句多译)‎ ‎　我请她吃饭来答谢她的帮助。‎ ‎①I treated her to a medal in_reward_for_her_help.(in reward for)‎ ‎②I rewarded_her_with_a_meal for her help.(reward ...with ...)‎ ‎③As_a_reward_for_her_help,_I treated her to a meal.(as a reward for)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．cut up 切碎；使伤心，难过 ‎　[教材原句]　Cut up some tomatoes for eyes, pieces of cheese for ears, and a mushroom for a nose.‎ 将一些西红柿切碎当作眼睛，奶酪作耳朵，蘑菇作鼻子。‎ cut across/through　　　抄近路穿过；横越 cut down 砍倒；缩减 cut down on 削减，减少 cut in 插嘴；超车抢道 cut off 切断；割掉；截断(退路等)‎ cut sth. out (of ...) (从……)剪下某物 ‎①He cut_across the fields so as not to be late.‎ 为了不迟到，他抄近路穿过田地。 ‎ ‎②You must cut_down on sugar to lose weight.‎ 你必须少吃糖以减轻体重。‎ ‎③Just when she had reached the most important point, we were_cut_off.‎ 她刚刚讲到最要紧的地方，我们的通话就被切断了。‎ ‎④It is impolite of children to cut_in when their seniors are talking.‎ 孩子们在他们的长辈谈话时插嘴讲话是不礼貌的。‎ ‎2．lay out 布置；设计；铺开，展开 ‎　[教材原句]　You can lay all the pieces out on the card before you stick them down.‎ 你可以在粘贴之前把所有的贝壳都铺放在卡片上。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中lay out的含义 ‎①She laid out all her new clothes on the bed.展开，铺开 ‎②We spent the whole morning laying out pictures for the ‎ magazine.设计 ‎③The gardens were laid out with lawns, flower beds and fountains.布置 lay sb. off　　　　裁员，解雇某人 lay sth. aside 把……放在一边；储存 lay down 放下；中断(工作)；制定(条例或原则)‎ ‎④The company laid_off 100 workers last week because of the financial crisis.‎ 由于经济危机，上周公司解雇了一百名工人。‎ ‎⑤She'd managed to lay_aside a few pounds each week from her wages.‎ 她设法每周从薪水中存上几英镑。‎ ‎⑥She laid_down her knife and fork and pushed her plate away.‎ 她放下刀叉，推开盘子。‎ ‎3．have a go (at) 试一试 ‎　[教材原句]　There are many other things that you can use to make unusual pictures, so why not have a go at some of the ideas above and then try out some ideas of your own? ‎ 还有许多其他东西可用来制作出与众不同的图画，那么，为什么不尝试上面的一些点子，再试试你自己独创的点子呢？‎ have a go at (doing) sth.　　尝试(做)某事 have a go at sb. 指责某人，数落某人 at/in one go 一下子，一举，一口气 be on the go 十分活跃，非常忙碌 ‎①My son asked me to let him have_a_go_at fixing the computer.‎ 我儿子要我让他尝试把这个电脑安装起来。‎ ‎②There were about 10 young people standing round him, all waiting to_have_a_go.‎ 大约有十个年轻人把他围起来，个个都等着试一下。‎ ‎③The boss had_a_go_at Jack for being late for work.‎ 老板因为杰克上班迟到而指责他。‎ ‎④I've been on_the_go_ever since eight o'clock this morning.‎ 我从早上八点钟起就一直忙个不停。‎ ‎[名师点津]　go作为名词，表示“尝试”含义时是可数名词，常加不定冠词，有时也用复数，其复数形式是goes；当表示“活力”时，为不可数名词，如：full of go“精力充沛”。‎ ‎4．Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.‎ ‎ 第二天早上，我们刚离开宿舍，就意识到我们把地图忘在房间里了。‎ ‎　(1)hardly ... when ...意为“一……就……”，主句常用过去完成时，when 引导的从句常用一般过去时。当hardly位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。‎ ‎ (2)相同用法的句型还有：no sooner ... than ...和scarcely ... when ...。‎ ‎①Hardly had the singer appeared on the stage when the audience rose and cheered.‎ ‎＝The_singer__had_hardly__appeared on the stage when the audience rose and cheered.‎ ‎＝No_sooner_had_the_singer_appeared on the stage than the audience rose and cheered.‎ ‎＝Scarcely_had_the_singer_appeared on the stage when the audience rose and cheered. ‎ 这位歌手一出现在舞台上，观众就站起来欢呼。‎ ‎[联想发散]　when构成的其他常用句型有：‎ ‎(1)be about to do ... when .../be on the point of doing ... when ...　正要做某事，这时突然……‎ ‎(2)be doing sth. when ... 正在做某事，这时突然……‎ ‎(3)had done ... when ... 刚做了某事，这时突然……‎ ‎②I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.‎ ‎＝I was on_the_point_of_giving_up_when my best friend encouraged me to go on.‎ 我正要放弃这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。‎ ‎5．After his graduation, this project was exhibited in art galleries all over China, making_him_famous_nationwide.‎ ‎ 他毕业后，该项目在中国各地的美术馆中展出，这使他闻名全国。‎ ‎(1)句中making him famous nationwide为现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语表示必然的或合乎逻辑的结果，常置于句尾，其前可以加thus。‎ ‎(2)不定式有时也可以用作结果状语，但往往表示意料之外的结果，常被only或just修饰。‎ ‎①Unfortunately his father died, leaving_the_family_even_worse_off.‎ 不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加艰难。‎ ‎②He lost his computer while shopping, giving (give) away all his secret photos.‎ 他在购物时丢了电脑，结果泄露了所有绝密照片。‎ ‎③George returned after the war, only to_be_told (tell) that his wife had left him. ‎ 战争结束后乔治回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了他。 ‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 cut up， upwards of， be off to， lay out， have a go at， try out， in addition， experiment with ‎ ‎1．Listening comes first. Don't worry; have_a_go_at it. ‎ ‎2．We have tried_out a period of cooperation and come to know each other better.‎ ‎3．Mother is cutting_up the chicken in order to make some soup.‎ ‎4．Experts now put the possible value of the artwork at upwards_of ＄150 million.‎ ‎5．This week he will be_off_to Beijing after a short stopover in Turkey.‎ ‎6．It is important that our plan should be well laid_out before we begin to work.‎ ‎7．I don't like that new dictionary; in_addition,_it's too expensive. ‎ ‎8．They experimented_with new methods of teaching and succeeded.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换/句式升级 ‎1．He had hardly begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.‎ ‎①Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.‎ ‎②No sooner had he begun to speak than the audience interrupted him.‎ ‎2．Nature has provided our country with abundant natural treasures, and make it a happy home for us.(改为现在分词短语作结果状语)‎ ‎→Nature_has_provided_our_country_with_abundant_natural_treasures,_making_it_a_happy_home_for_us.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 gallery， abstract， admission， calculate， souvenir， be off to， range from ...to ...， hardly ...when ...‎ ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①上周我去了展览馆。‎ Last week, I_was_off_to_the_gallery.‎ ‎②展览馆里有很多抽象派油画在展出，时间跨度从13世纪到20世纪。‎ There were many abstract_oil_paintings_exhibited_in_the_gallery,_ranging_from the 13th century to the 20th century.‎ ‎③由于免费入场，工作人员估计当天有5 000人欣赏了那些漂亮的油画。‎ Because of the free_admission,_the staff calculated_that there were 5,000 people going there to enjoy the beautiful oil paintings.‎ ‎④我买了一些纪念品，然后乘公交花了半个小时到家。‎ I_bought_some_souvenirs_ and spent half an hour going home by bus.‎ ‎⑤我刚下公交车天就下起了大雨。‎ I_had_hardly_got_off_the_bus_when it began to rain heavily.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用it作形式主语改写句③‎ Because_of_the_free_admission,__it_was_calculated_that_there_were_5,000_people_going_there_to_enjoy_the_beautiful_oil_paintings.‎ ‎(2)用“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”句式改写句④‎ I_bought_some_souvenirs_and__it_took_me_half_an_hour_to_go_home_by_bus.‎ ‎(3)用倒装结构改写句⑤‎ Hardly_had_I_got_off_the_bus_when_it_began_to_rain_heavily.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：at last, unfortunately)‎ Last week, I was off to the gallery. There were many abstract oil paintings exhibited in the gallery, ranging from the 13th century to the 20th century. Because of the free admission, it was calculated that there were 5,000 people going there to enjoy the beautiful oil paintings. At ‎ last, I bought some souvenirs and it took me half an hour to go home by bus. Unfortunately, hardly had I got home when it began to rain heavily.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——现在分词作结果状语]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 After his graduation, this project was exhibited in art galleries all over China, making him famous nationwide.‎ 句中making him famous nationwide为现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语表示必然的或合乎逻辑的结果，常置于句尾，其前可以加thus。‎ 研究表明，放弃驾驶是老年人健康状况和幸福感下降的关键原因之一，也导致了他们更脱离社会，更不活跃。‎ 真题长难句 Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and wellbeing among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated (隔绝) and inactive.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ Research shows为主句，that giving up driving ... people为宾语从句，其中从句主语由动名词短语充当；leading to ... inactive是现在分词短语作结果状语。‎ ‎ “文学与艺术”在高考考查中常常以说明文类的阅读理解和书面表达为主。在该类话题的语篇中含有大量的专业术语及人名、地名等，故文章的理解难度偏大。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2015·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)‎ ‎[1]Salvador Dali (19041989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L'Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist's showman qualities.‎ ‎[2]The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.‎ ‎[3]The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish ‎ accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museumtheatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre.‎ ‎[4]The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg, Florida.‎ ‎28．Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?‎ A．Optimistic.　　　　　　 B．Productive.‎ C．Generous. D．Traditional.‎ ‎29．What is Dali's The Persistence of Memory considered to be?‎ A．One of his masterworks.‎ B．A successful screen adaptation.‎ C．An artistic creation for the stage.‎ D．One of the best TV programmes.‎ ‎30．How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?‎ A．By popularity. B．By importance.‎ C．By size and shape. D．By time and subject.‎ ‎31．What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? ‎ A．Artworks. B．Projects.‎ C．Donations. D．Documents.‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1段 第1段画波浪线部分 巴黎蓬皮杜艺术中心展览萨尔瓦多·达利众多的艺术展品 提出说明对象 第2～4段 第2、3段画波浪线部分 萨尔瓦多·达利的作品风格以及展览作品的合作方 介绍主要特点 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[尝试翻译]　出于对这位艺术家及其个人魅力的敬重和尊敬，巴黎的蓬皮杜艺术中心正在举行一项展览，它汇集了200多幅油画、雕塑、绘画及更多的其他作品。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎28．推理判断题。选B　由第一段的“The Pompidou Centre in Paris is ... drawings and more”可知，巴黎蓬皮杜文化中心展览汇集了达利200多幅油画、雕塑、绘画等，所以可以推出他是一个多产的艺术家。故选项B正确，为合理推断。A项“乐观的”；C项“慷慨的”；D项“传统的”均为无中生有。‎ ‎29．细节理解题。选A　由第一段的第三句可知，The Persistence of Memory是达利的杰作之一。故选项A正确，为同义替换。B项“一次成功的荧屏改编”； C项“一个舞台艺术创作”；D项“最好的电视节目之一”，均为混淆视听。‎ ‎30．细节理解题。选D　根据第二段的第二句可知，达利的作品展览是按照时间和主题组织的。故选项D正确，为同义替换。A项“按照欢迎度”；B项“按照重要性”；C项“按大小和外形”，均为无中生有。‎ ‎31．词义猜测题。选A　根据最后一段可知，这些好的收藏主要是通过和Museo Nacional Reina Sofia的紧密合作完成的，这些收藏还包括来自于其他机构，如达利美术馆的艺术品，contributions应该是属于works一类。故选项A正确，为合理猜测。B项“项目”；C项“捐赠”；D项“文件”均为曲解文意。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技法19]　信息定位的两种方法 回到原文，能够在原文中找出解题根据是正确解题的关键。猎人有句行话，叫“不见兔子不撒鹰”，同样，在做阅读理解时也要做到“不见根据不做题”‎ ‎。那么如何能快速准确地在原文中找到根据呢？下面介绍信息定位的两种常用方法。‎ ‎1．关键词定位法 这里的关键词并不一定是中心词，而往往是在理解题干所问之后，在题干中能够帮助你迅速回到原文的“特征词”。它在原文出现的频率很少(多为一次)。常见的关键词有人名、地名、序数词、最高级、时间、数字等，因为这些词特征明显，在原文中容易找到。‎ ‎2．自然段定位法 命题者往往按照信息点在文中出现的先后来命制各个小题，也就是说，各题的答案信息常常在短文中依次出现。例如，第1题往往位于一、二自然段，第2题会在第1题的答案信息之后且与第1题的位置最接近，其他题目以此类推。‎ 例如第29题，我们可根据题干中的关键词“The Persistence of Memory”和自然段定位法，快速地定位到原文第一段中的“Among the works and ... The Persistence of Memory”，理解本句，可知A项正确。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．reflect vt.　　　　　　　　反映，显示 ‎2．contraction n. 收缩，缩减 ‎3．expansion n. 扩大，扩张 ‎4．on exhibition 在展出中 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2015·北京高考)‎ 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍在“传统文化进校园”活动中，向面人艺术家学习捏面人的过程，并以“A Day with a Craftsman”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。‎ 注意：词数不少于60。‎ 提示词：一个面团a piece of dough；面人dough figurine ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．热烈欢迎某人　give_sb._a_warm_welcome ‎2．帮助某人某事 help_sb._with_sth.‎ ‎3．基本步骤 the_basic_steps ‎4．仔细地观看 watch_attentively ‎5．耐心地 patiently 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．上周三，我们班邀请了一位老艺人教我们如何捏面人。‎ Last_Tuesday,_our_class_invited_an_old_craftsman_to_teach_us_‎ how_to_make_dough_figurines.‎ ‎2．当老艺人走进教室时，两位学生帮他拿着工具箱，我们表示了热烈的欢迎。‎ When_the_craftsman__came_into_the_classroom,_we_gave_him_a_warm_welcome_and_two_boys_helped_him_with_the_tool_box.‎ ‎3．他给我们展示了捏面人的基础步骤和技巧。‎ He_showed_us_the_basic_steps_and_skills_of_making_dough_figurines.‎ ‎4．我们捏了面人。‎ We_made_the_figurines.‎ ‎5．我们把面人放在桌子上然后和老艺人合影。‎ We_put_the_figurines_on_the_table_and_took_pictures_with_the_old_craftsman.‎ ‎6．看着这些面人，我们都非常激动兴奋。‎ Looking_at_the_figurines,_we_were_all_very_excited.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 将句4、5用that/which引导的定语从句合并 We_put_the_figurines__that/which__we_made_on_the_table_and_took_pictures_with_the_old_craftsman.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 A Day with a Craftsman Last Tuesday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines.‎ When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box. First, he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. We stood around him and watched attentively. Then we started to have a try ourselves. The old man walked around and helped us patiently. Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. Looking at the figurines, we were all very excited.‎ We hope we can have more activities of this kind!‎ ‎ ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．As the birthplace (出生地) of Lu Xun, Shaoxing holds great importance to many Chinese and has long been a famous tourist attraction.‎ ‎2．The children were having fun, chasing each other's shadows (影子)．‎ ‎3．Society should create a system of rewards (奖励) and punishments to encourage good behavior.‎ ‎4．The large drop in industrial output (产量) this year came as a big shock to the local government.‎ ‎5．Lucy has a(n) acute (敏锐的) eye for fashion, which makes her a ‎ very good shopping companion.‎ ‎6．They made 30 days' accommodations (膳宿) for us in the activity during the summer holiday.‎ ‎7．Steven's mother taught him music and often took him to concerts, art galleries (展览馆) and operas.‎ ‎8．Guilin is known throughout the world for its scenery (风景)．‎ ‎9．The boy who won the scholarship (奖学金) was a quite outstanding student.‎ ‎10．Each student dipped (蘸) a finger into the mixture, sucked it and made a face.‎ ‎11．They called for assurances that the government is committed (commit) to its education policy.‎ ‎12．I was overlooked repeatedly, to such an extent that I became completely disgusted (disgust)．‎ ‎13．They found their computers producing different results from exactly the same calculation (calculate)．‎ ‎14．The weather is very changeable (change) at this time of year, which makes me bored.‎ ‎15．Just contact a travel agency (agent), and they will do all the necessary things for you.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Now that our college days were over and I was off a foreign ‎ country. off后加to ‎2．It was disgusted that rubbish was piled everywhere.disgusted→disgusting ‎3．Hardly had we sat down at the table than the phone rang. than→when ‎4．Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was rewarded for a magnificent view.for→with ‎5．While delicious, they tend to be expensive so you can have go at making your own. have后加a ‎6．I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to work on Sundays.work→working ‎7．The children cut the pictures up and stuck them in their scrapbooks.up→out Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．把它放在原来的地方。‎ Put it where_it_was.‎ ‎2．那个老人把注意力放在他的宠物狗身上，没有注意到我进来。‎ The old man, fixing_his_eyes_on his pet dog, didn't notice me come in.‎ ‎3．我们刚一走就下起雨来了。‎ Hardly_had_we_begun_our_walk_when it began to rain.‎ ‎4．公共汽车被暴风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。‎ The bus was held up by a snowstorm, thus causing_the_delay.‎ ‎5．政府已经承诺减轻赋税。‎ The government committed_itself_to/was_committed_to reducing taxes.‎ ‎[话题语篇高考练]‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 A ‎“BANG！” the door caused a reverberation (回声). It was just standing there, with my father standing on one side, and me on the other side.‎ We were both in great anger. “Never set foot in this house again！” stormed my father. With tears welling up in my eyes, I rushed out of the flat and ran along the street.‎ The street lights were shining, causing rather sad feelings. I wandered aimlessly.‎ A young father who held a child in his arms walked past me. I felt as if I saw my childhood from another space: happy and carefree.‎ But now ... I don't know whether it is because I have grown up or because my dad is getting old. We differ in our ways of thinking. We are just like two people coming from two different worlds. It feels like there is an iron door between us that can never be opened.‎ I wandered the streets, without a destination in mind. My_heart_was_frozen_on_this_hot_summer_night. As I walked on, there were fewer and fewer people in the streets, until I had only the street lights to keep me company. When I finally reached the highrise apartment block in which I lived, I saw that the light was still on.‎ I thought to myself: “Is my father waiting for me, or is he still angry with me？”‎ In fact, it was nothing. Perhaps, my dad was throwing away some of his old stamps. Perhaps he thought they were useless. I never had the courage to tell him that I liked collecting stamps. All the lights were off except my father's.‎ Dad was always like this. Maybe he didn't know how to express himself. After shouting at me, he never showed any mercy or any moments of regret.‎ This was how he always was. He has been a leader for so long that telling everyone else what to do has become his second nature.‎ The light was still on. “Am I wrong？” I whispered, maybe ... With the key in my hand, I was as nervous as I had ever been. At last, I decided to open the door. As soon as I opened the door, tears ran down my cheeks. I suddenly realized that the iron door that I had imagined between us did not exist at all. Love — it's second to none.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，作者和爸爸吵架离家后，爸爸一直为深夜未归的作者亮着灯，最后作者意识到爱是第一位的。‎ ‎1．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．The author fully understood why he and his father had different thinking.‎ B．The author and his father lacked communication.‎ C．The author's father didn't approve of his stamp collecting.‎ D．The author's father opened the door for him when he came back.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“We are just like two people coming from two different worlds. It feels like there is an iron door between us that can never be opened.”可知，作者和爸爸之间像是有一扇从未打开的铁门，由此可见他们之间缺少沟通，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．According to the author, why did his father often shout at him?‎ A．Perhaps the father was getting older and older.‎ B．Perhaps the father had been used to doing that.‎ C．Perhaps the son had already grown up.‎ D．Perhaps they never agreed with each other.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，告诉别人做什么已经成了一直当领导的爸爸的第二天性，由此可见，爸爸已经习惯了对他大喊大叫，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．What did the author mean by the underlined sentence “My heart was frozen on this hot summer night”？‎ A．He felt lonely because there were so few people on the street.‎ B．He felt uncomfortable because it was a very hot night.‎ C．He was at a loss because he had nowhere to go.‎ D．He was completely disappointed with his father.‎ 解析：选D　句意理解题。根据画线句前的“I wandered the streets, without a destination in mind.”可知，和爸爸吵架后，作者在街上漫无目的地走着，可见作者对爸爸的做法失望透顶。故D项正确。‎ ‎4．What was the author's attitude towards his father at the end of the story?‎ A．He was frustrated with his father.‎ B．He loved his father.‎ C．He was afraid of his father.‎ D．He was dissatisfied with his father.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，最后作者意识到爱是第一位的，故B项正确。‎ B A recent Stanford study found that America's students are shockingly bad at telling fact from fiction in this digital age. It's apparent that something has to change in the nation's classrooms. That something, according to Professor Sam Wineburg, one of those Stanford researchers, is “practice.”‎ ‎“How do they become prepared to make the choices about what to believe, what to forward, what to post to their friends，” Wineburg asked on NPR's All Things Considered, “when teachers give no ‎ practice to them？”‎ Patricia Hunt, an experienced teacher at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Va., is doing something she has never done before: helping to pilot a new, digital course called the checkology virtual classroom. It comes from the nonprofit The News Literacy Project.‎ Hunt's students, most of them seniors, work in threes or fours. They're presented with a series of stories that are rapidly and broadly spread via the Internet. Some are false information. Some are ads. And some are pure fact.‎ ‎“We don't know which is which at this point，” laughs student Kahder Smith. “We actually have to sit down, take our time, and actually read them. And probably Google some stuff to see if it's real or not.”‎ A post claims that more than a dozen people died after receiving the flu vaccine (疫苗) in Italy and that the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) is now telling people not to get a flu shot.‎ ‎“I mean, I've heard many unconfirmed reports that the flu shot's bad for you，” student Autumn Cooper says. But instinct (直觉) tells her the story's wrong. “It just doesn't look like a reliable source. It looks like this is off Facebook and someone shared it.” Cooper labels the story “fiction”. And she's right.‎ Instead of teaching students the fundamentals of factchecking, many schools simply ignore the problem, blocking social media sites on school computers.‎ ‎“It's like teaching students to drive in the parking lot and then ‎ sending them out on the highway and saying ‘Good luck！’” says Audrey Church, president of the American Association of School Librarians.‎ 语篇解读：本文是议论文。美国的一些学校开设了教学生如何鉴别网络消息真假的课程，很多专家学者表示赞同。‎ ‎5．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Stanford researchers.　　　　 B．Media people.‎ C．Students. D．Teachers.‎ 解析：选C　代词指代题。根据第一段中的“America's students are shockingly bad at telling fact from fiction in this digital age”可知，在电子时代，美国的学生缺乏辨别真假消息的能力，由此可推测，这里是问“这些学生”怎样才能做好准备选择相信、传递、发布哪些消息呢？另外，根据第二段末的“when teachers give no practice to them”也可推测，这里的they指的是学生。‎ ‎6．How does Hunt run the digital course?‎ A．By inviting experts to give students lectures.‎ B．By asking students to go on the Internet together.‎ C．By taking students to a news organization regularly.‎ D．By letting students identify factual information in groups.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容可知，Hunt让她的学生三四人一组鉴别真假消息。‎ ‎7．According to Church, what should schools do?‎ A．Help students improve driving skills.‎ B．Teach students how to spot false news.‎ C．Allow students to drive on the highway.‎ D．Ask students to avoid using social media.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，Church认为学校屏蔽社交媒体的做法就像是在停车场教会学生们开车后让他们直接上高速，这样做无疑风险很大。由此可推测他反对学校屏蔽社交媒体的做法，而是希望学校能够教孩子们如何识别假新闻。‎ ‎8．What does the text mainly discuss?‎ A．The findings of a recent Stanford study.‎ B．An educational issue in the digital age.‎ C．The influence of a widely spread post.‎ D．An experienced high school teacher.‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讨论了在电子时代，老师如何帮助学生们学会鉴别网络消息的真假，这是一个教育问题。‎ Ⅴ.阅读七选五 We've all experienced peer pressure (同龄人压力). It happens to everybody. However, people have different reactions. Confident people refuse to do things they don't want to do, but shy and anxious people ‎ often give in. It may be because they want to be liked. It may be because they worry that their friends will make fun of them, or perhaps they're just curious about trying something new. __1__‎ It's hard being the only one who says no and the question is: how do you do it? __2__ If you think that missing math, or smoking, or going somewhere you know your parents wouldn't like is a bad idea, then the answer is simple: don't do it. It's your decision, not someone else's. You don't need to be aggressive. You don't need to shout and scream, but you must be confident and you must be firm. You need to say, “No thanks. I don't want to do that.”‎ Being on your own against everybody else is very hard, so it can really help to have at least one other peer, or friend, who will say no too. __3__ You want friends who will support you when you're in trouble. You don't want people who will always agree with the majority. Remember, the most popular people aren't always the most trustworthy.‎ ‎__4__ You can learn a lot from people of your own age. They can teach you great football skills or the best way to do your math homework. They can recommend music and advise you on fashion. And don't forget you can tell them things too, and that always feels great. So, find friends who have similar interests. And remember, friendship isn't about feeling depressed and guilty. __5__‎ A．Choose your friends carefully.‎ B．Firstly, you must decide what you believe in.‎ C．It's about sharing experiences and having fun.‎ D．Of course, peer pressure isn't completely bad.‎ E．It may be because they were all born to be stubborn.‎ F．Depression and guilt will surely give you peer pressure.‎ G．Whatever the reason, some people end up doing things they really don't want to.‎ 语篇解读：我们大部分人都经历过同龄人的压力问题，对此不同的人有不同的反应。本文详细介绍了应该怎么正确应对同龄人压力。‎ ‎1．选G　根据上文中的“It may be because ...”可知，上面列举了一些原因，G项中的“Whatever the reason”承接上文。故选G项。‎ ‎2．选B　该空要回答上一句的问题，空后两句句意：如果你认为逃数学课或吸烟或去你父母不想让你去的地方是不好的，那么答案很简单：不要去那样做。这是你的决定，不是别人的。由此可以推出此处是说：你作决定时要坚信自己的看法。故选B项。‎ ‎3．选A　设空格处前提到你可以找一个朋友和你做伴，后面提到你需要怎样的朋友，由此可以推出此处应是：要认真去选择你的朋友。故选A项。‎ ‎4．选D　下文提到可以从同龄人那里学到很多，所以此处应是说同龄人压力的好处，故选D项。‎ ‎5．选C　上文说：记住，友谊不是关于感觉沮丧和惭愧。那么此处应该解释友谊是关于什么的，故选C项(友谊是关于分享经历和玩得开心)。‎ Ⅵ.语法填空 Women are starting to take power in more and more important positions in recent years. __1__ to a new list made by AFP, the __2__ (world) 10 most powerful women who made their way above the “glass ceiling”， __3__ (include) the American first female presidential nominee (候选人) Hillary Clinton and Director General of the World Health Organization, Margaret Chan.‎ There is something interesting with the AFP list: A majority of the 10 women are over 60, the age __4__ some women become grandmothers. In fact, this might be the best proof of how aging — a factor that has always been considered as a(n) __5__ (advantage) — has begun to turn into a strong point, for women.‎ The reasons behind the phenomenon may include that today's older women are __6__ (well) educated and more __7__ (experience) than any generations before.‎ It is also because of society's changing opinion about __8__ women can achieve — after raising kids and running family lives for years, older women are now more likely to start again instead of retiring into __9__ peaceful life of cooking and gardening.‎ In fact, this changing atmosphere in gender equality is spreading all over the world and across women __10__ all ages.‎ 语篇解读：由于社会不断变化的观念，女性不再像旧时那样带孩子和照顾家庭，而是越来越融入社会并有了一定的社会地位，甚至近几年出现像希拉里和陈冯富珍这种在政治上占有一席地位的女性。‎ ‎1．According　考查固定短语。句意：根据法新社(AFP)制订的新名单，世界上十个最具影响力的女性越过“无形的障碍”‎ 取得成功，包括美国历史上第一位女性总统候选人希拉里·克林顿和世界卫生组织的总干事陈冯富珍。according to意为“根据”，为固定短语。故填According。‎ ‎2．world's　考查名词所有格。句意参见上一题解析。定冠词the后修饰的中心词是名词women，设空处作定语，应用名词所有格，故填world's。‎ ‎3．include　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意参见第1题解析。分析句子结构可知，“who made their way above the ‘glass ceiling’”为定语从句，主语women后缺谓语，陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。故填include。‎ ‎4．when　考查定语从句。句意：这十位女性大多都超过60岁，在这个年纪一些女性都成了祖母。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the age，且在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导该定语从句。‎ ‎5．disadvantage　考查词形转换。句意：实际上，对于女性来说，这可能是年龄——一个通常被认为是劣势的因素——如何变成优点的最好证明。介词as及冠词a(n)后的中心词应为名词单数形式，根据句意可知填disadvantage。‎ ‎6．better　考查副词比较级。句意：这种现象背后的原因有可能包括今天更年长的女性比以前任何一代的女性受过更好的教育并更有经验。根据句中的than可知，此处应用比较级。故填better。‎ ‎7．‎ experienced　考查词性转换。句意参见上一题解析。根据设空前的and可知设空处和educated为平行关系，在系动词are后用作表语，应用形容词，且修饰人，故填experienced。‎ ‎8．what　考查宾语从句。句意：这也是由于社会对女性能取得的成就的看法在发生变化。介词about后接宾语从句，且从句中缺宾语，设空处表示“……的东西；……的事情”。故填what。‎ ‎9．a　考查冠词。句意：在长年累月养育孩子和经营家庭生活之后，现在年纪大一点的女性更有可能重新开始生活，而不是退休过着烹饪、养花的平静生活。life在此表示“生活”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一种平静的生活”，因此，其前用不定冠词a。‎ ‎10．of　考查介词。句意：实际上，这种在男女平等方面变化的氛围正在全世界和所有年龄段的女性中传播开来。名词ages前有限定词all，故设空处只能填介词，表示“……的”。故填of。‎