高考英语直接引语与间接引语练习3 9页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 1 - 安徽省六安市霍邱中学高考英语 直接引语与间接引语练习 3 直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话用引号，而间接引语是引述别人的话，不用引号。间 接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语改为间接引语时，如果直接引语的动词是现在 时，那么间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式都不变。例如： She says, “ I’ll never forget the moment.” 变为间接引语为: She says that she’ll never forget the moment. 但是如果直接引语的动词为过去时，那么间接引语中的动词、时间状语、时态、地点状语、 人称等一般要作相应的变化。遵循下列规律： 一、三要素： 我们想要很好地掌握直接引语变间接引语这一语法项目的话，关键要掌握下列 “三要素”。 要素一： 陈述句的直接引语变间接引语：连接词用 that，在口语中可省略。引述动词用 said, told 等。例如： He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.” He told me that he had left his book in his room. She said: “He will be busy.” She said that he would be busy. 要素二： 1、疑问句的直接引语变间接引语。一般疑问句后连接词用 if 或 whether，而引述选择疑问句 时只能用 whether，引述动词用 asked，没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语 me, him 等， 例如： She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” She asked me whether that book was mine or his. 2、特殊疑问句的直接引语变间接引语，用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如： The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. 要素三： 祈使句的直接引语变间接引语，要采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。 即 told /asked/ ordered/ warned +sb. (not) ＋to do sth. 注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语，引语中的 please 去掉，动词改为 ask The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” The teacher told the students not to waste their time. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” The mother asked Tom to get up early. 二、“四变”：一变人称、二变时态、三变句式、四变状语 **变人称口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新 • “一随主” ：是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一 人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 • She said. “ My brother wants to go shopping with me”. • →She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 2 - • 二随宾 • He said to Kate, “How is your sister now? ” • →He asked Kate how her sister was then. • He said to me,“I broke your CD player.” • →He said to me that he had broken my CD player. • Kate said to Tom, “You can return my books on Friday. ” • →Kate said to Tom he could return her books on Friday. • 第三人称不更新 • Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.” • →Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy. • **变时态：一般现在时 一般过去时 现在完成时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 一般过去时 过去完成时 *变句型： 陈述句 Jane said, “I’m very fond of traveling.”变为 that 引导的宾语从句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling 一般疑问句“Is this your umbrella, Mary?” asked John.whether/if 引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary if that was her umbrella. 特殊疑问句“Mary, when will you return me the book?” asked John wh-词引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary when she would return him the book. 祈使句“Make sure the door is shut,” she said to her little son. 不定式：tell/ask/order sb. (not) to do sth. She told her little son to make sure the door is shut. **变状语 this that these those now then ago before/earlier today that day tomorrow the next/following day the day after tomorrow in two days’ time yesterday the day before last night the night before the day before yesterday two days before/earlier come go here there 三 “五不变” 直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意以下五种不变的特殊情况。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 3 - 1、直接引语如果表达的是客观真理，谚（习）语，变间接引语时时态不变。例如： The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. My father said, “Practice makes perfect.” My father said practice makes perfect. 2、直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的，变间接 引语时，时态保持不变，例如： The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.” The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day. He said, “We are still students.” He said they are still students. 3、直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变。例如： He said to me, “I was born in 1978.” He told me that he was born in 1978. The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.” The engineer said he was at college in 1967. 4、直接引语中凡有ｗhen，since，while 引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时 态，从句的时态不变。例如： He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” He said he had studied English since he was a boy. She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus. She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus. Mr. Green said to them, “ Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job. ” Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he a sked for a job. 5、如果直接引语中引述部分含有 insist, suggest, demand 等引导的虚拟宾语从句，变间 接引语时，引语中的主从句时态都不变。例如： He said, “We insisted that she start immediately. He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately. She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.” She said he demanded that the girl leave at once. 另外，如果说话人转述自己的话，人称则可不变. 例如： I said to him, “I have finished it.” I told him I had finished it. 如果就在当地转述, here 不必变为 there，come 不必改为 go，如果就在当天转述，则 today, yesterday, tomorrow 等状语也不必变化。例如： She said to us, I’ll come here tomorrow.” She told us she would come here tomorrow. 直接引语和间接引语练习 1 I. 请选出正确的答案： 1. Where was Alice’s sister? I don’t know where ________. A. was Alice ’ s sister B. Alice ’ s sister was 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 4 - C. is Alice’s sister D. Alice’s sister is 2. What did he say? I don’t know what _________. A. did he say B. he says C. he has said D. he said 3. I don’t know ___________. A. the reason why can be B. why the reason may be C. what the reason can be D. what the reason may be 4. I wonder ___________ .which of the following is not the right ch oice? A. whether she will be fit for the job or not B. whether or not she will be fit for the job C. if she will be fit for the job D. what she will be fit for the job 5. Is Mr. Wu from Beijing? I don’t know ________. A. where does he come from B. from where does he com e C. which city he comes from D. what city he comes fr om 6. Can you make sure ___________? A. that he will come here today B. when he will come he re today C. will he come here today D. whether will he come here today 7. Do you happen to know ________? A. where is her address B. in which place is her address C. what her address is D. the place her addres s is 8. Excuse me, but can you tell me ___________? A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get t o the library C. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 5 - the library 9. John asked me _______ to visit his uncle’s farm with him. A. how would I like B. if or not would I like C. whether I would like D. which I would like 10. I’d like to know ________ Chinese. A. when he began to learn B. when did he begin to learn C. when did he begin learning D. for how long he began to learn 11. He asked me ________ I would go to Beijing by air the next day. A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how 12. —Joyce, please don’t open the window. —Pardon? —I ______ open the window. A. tell you don’t B. tell you not to C. told you didn’t D. told you not to 13. He _____ they didn’t start early they wouldn’t catch the first bus. A. said that if B. asked if C. asked whether D. said that whether 14. He asked _______ for the violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much I paid D. how much did I pay 15. The teacher asked us ______ so much noise. (北京 2003) A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 16. The doctor asked me what _______ with me. A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was 17. He asked the boy where _______. A. his mother was B. was his mother C. his mother is D. is his mother 18. They said at last that they _______ better start out at once. A. had had B. had C. had been D. was 19. The teacher said that doubt _______ the key of knowledge. A. were B. are C. was D. is 20. The actor said he _______ born in 1984. A. was B. is C. be D. had been II. 将下列句子变为间接引语： 1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said to him. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 6 - 2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children. ” 3. “ I haven ’ t heard from my parents these days, ” said Mary. 4. The geography teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the eart h and the earth goes round the sun.” 5. She said to him, “ It ’ s time that you left here. ” 6. Zhang Hong said to me, “ Doctor Wang passed away in 1948. ” 7. John said to his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by th e end of last term. ” 8. The history teacher said to them, “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st, 1921.” 9. He said, “Are you a student?” 10. “ Have you anything interesting I can read, George?” she said. 11. “ She ’ s here to ask for help, isn ’ t she? ” he asked. 12. “ Where are you going? ” the father asked his son. 13. “Are you sorry for what you have done?” the mother asked the na ughty boy. 14. She said, “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, Mr. Li? ” 15. “Write your names on your papers first,” the teacher said to us. 16. “ Please come here again tomorrow, ” her friend said to her. 17. “ Let me pack the parcel for you, ” he said. 18. “ Don ’ t make so much noise in class, boys and girls,” said the teacher. 19. “ What a lovely day it is! ” 20. “Happy New Year to you!” he said. 21. Mr. Stone said, “May I have a cup of tea?” Mr. Stone ______________________. 22. The nurse said, “Let the children wash their hands themselves.” The nurse ______________________. 23. My uncle said, “Do not open the window.” My uncle _______________________. 24. John asked Mary, “ What do you know about the sea?” John asked Mary ________________. 25. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The teacher said that _____________. III. 把下列句子变为直接引语： 1. I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it. _______________________________. 2. She asked whether I would be free the next day or not. _______________________________. 3. I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do t 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 7 - he next day. _______________________________. 4. His father told him not to climb that high tree in his new coat. _______________________________. 5. The stranger asked me what my name was. _______________________________. 6. She said that she would finish her work the next day. _______________________________. 7. The teacher asked if we could do it. _______________________________. 8. The commander ordered his men not to cross the river before dawn. _______________________________. 9. My teacher asked whether he was coming. _______________________________. 10. The scientist asked me what I was doing. _______________________________. 11 The teacher told Tom to be careful with his pronunciation. _______________________________. 12. She asked me to open the door. _______________________________. 13. My mother advised me to have a good rest. _______________________________. 14. Peter asked me when I would leave Athens. _______________________________. 15. He asked me how I was getting along with my studies then. ______________________________. 直接引语和间接引语练习 2 I. 请选出正确的答案： 1. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked. She asked ________. A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well. 2. He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _________. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member. 3. He asked, “How are you getting along?” 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 8 - He asked _______. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along 4. He asked me ________ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter 5. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He ___me _____that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do 6. Can you make sure ___________? A. that he will come here today B. when he will come he re today C. will he come here today D. whether will he come here today 7. Do you happen to know ________? A. where is her address B. in which place is her address C. what her address is D. the place her addres s is 8. Excuse me, but can you tell me ___________? A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get t o the library C. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library 9. John asked me _______ to visit his uncle’s farm with him. A. how would I like B. if or not would I li ke C. whether I would like D. which I would like 10. I’d like to know ________ Chinese. A. when he began to learn B. when did he begin to learn C. when did he begin learning D. for how long he began to learn II. 将下列句子变为间接引语： 1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said to him. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 9 - 2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children” 3. “I haven’t heard from my parents these days,” said Mary. 4. The geography teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the ear th and the earth goes round the sun.” 5. She said to him, “It’s time that you left here.” 6. Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.” 7. John said to his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by t he end of last term.” 8. The history teacher said to them, “The Chinese Communist Party wa s founded on July first, 1921.” 9. He said, “Are you a student?” 10. “Have you anything interesting I can read, George?” she said. 11. “She’s here to ask for help, isn’t she?” he asked. 12. “Where are you going?” the father asked his son. 13. “ Are you sorry for what you have done? ” the mother asked the naughty boy. 14. She said, “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, Mr. Li?” 15. “Write your names on your papers first,” the teacher said to us . 16. “Please come here again tomorrow,” her friend said to her. 17. “Let me pack the parcel for you,” he said. 18. “ Don ’ t make so much noise in class, boys and girls,” said the teacher. 19. “What a lovely day it is!” 20. “Happy New Year to you!” he said. III. 把下列句子变为直接引语： 1. I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it. 2. She asked whether I would be free the next day or not. 3. I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day. 4. His father told him not to climb that high tree in his new coa t. 5. The stranger asked me what my name was. 6. She said that she would finish her work the next day. 7. The teacher asked if we could do it. 8. The commander ordered his men not to cross the river before dawn . 9. My teacher asked whether he was coming. 10. The scientist asked me what I was doing.