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  • 2021-05-20 发布

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题定语从句(2页word版)

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‎2019届二轮复习语法专题定语从句 ‎ 在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来 修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句,所以,也称作形容词性从句。被定 语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先 行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。‎ 关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。‎ 关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有 who, whom, whose, which, that 等。它们分别代 替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 ‎ A.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。 ‎ What was the name of the man who lent you the money 借钱给你的那人叫什么名字?(定语从句修饰先行词 the man) ‎ He who laughs is t laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。(定语从句修饰先行词 he) ‎ The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right. 会议主席坐在我右边,他先发言。(定语从句修饰先行词 the chairman) ‎ B.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中,whom 可省略或可用 who 来代替,但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用 whom。 ‎ There are some people (whom who)we like and others (whom who) we dislike. 有些人我们是喜欢的,有些人则是我们讨厌的。(定语从句分别修饰先行词 people, others) ‎ The people whom who I work with are all friendly. 和我一起工作的人都很友好。(定语从句修饰先行词 the people) ‎ Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in or plan. 昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过,他对我们的计划很感兴趣。(非限制性定 语从句中不能用 who 代替 whom) ‎ Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. 两个人来到我的办公室,我以前从未见过他们。(在介词后面不用 who) ‎ C.whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语,后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。 ‎ There are some people whose faces you can never forget. 有些人,他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。(定语从句修饰先行词 people) ‎ I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air. 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。(定语从句修饰行词 trees) ‎ D.which 1.指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。 ‎ English is a language which is easy to learn. 英语是一门容易学的语言。(which 在定语从句中作主语,不能省略) ‎ This is a folk song which is now very popular. 这是目前非常流行的一首民谣(which 在定语从句中作主语,不能省略) ‎ The river which flows through London is the Thames. 流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(which 在定语从句中作主语,不能省略) The children like cookies (which) my wife makes. 孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词 which 作 ‎ makes 的宾语,可以省略) ‎ ‎2.which 引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句,相当于 and this。 ‎ Jim passedhis driving test, which surprised everybody. 吉姆通过了驾驶考试,这使大家都感到惊讶。(定语从句修饰的是整个主句, 而不是 the driving test) ‎ Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity. 希拉不能来参加聚会,真遗憾。(定语从句修饰的是整个主句,而不是 the party) ‎ ‎3.which 在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。 ‎ John stayed here for a week, dring which time we visited the West Lake together. 约翰在这里呆了一星期,在此期间我们一起游了西湖。 ‎ It might snow this weekend, in which case we won't go to Beijing. 周末可能下雪,在这种情况下,我们就不去北京了。 ‎ E.that 指人时,相当于 who 或 whom;指物时,相当于 which。在定语从句中作主语 或宾语(做宾语时常可省略)。 ‎ He is the man that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。(定语从句修饰先行词 the man,作主语) ‎ I don't like stories that have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。(定语从句修饰先行词 stories,作主语) ‎ The dress (that) Ann boughtdoesn't fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。(定语从句修饰先行词 the dress,that 作宾语可省略) ‎ Is there anything (that) I can do for you 有我能为你效劳的事吗?(定语从句修饰先行词 anything,that 作宾语,可 省略) ‎ 提示: 在口语中,that 有时还可以作关系副词,相当于 when 或介词+which 结构。 ‎ We left the day (that) he arrived.他来的那一天,我们就走了。(that 替 when) ‎ He doesn't see things the way (that) we see them.他看问题的方法和我们不一 样。(that 代替 in which) ‎ Imagine the speed (that) he drives his car!很难想象,他开车的速度那么快! (that 代替 at which) ‎ F.其他关系代词 as 和 but 也可作关系代词,引导定语从句。 1.as as 可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。 ‎ ‎①在限制性定语从句中,as 可跟在由 suc, so, the same 修饰的先行词之后。 ‎ Such men as heard him were deeply moved. 听过他说话的人,都会深受感动。(as 在定语从句中作 heard 的主语) ‎ I've never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。(as 在定语从句中作 tell 的宾语) ‎ He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift. 他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。(as 在定语从句中 lift 的宾语)‎