【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选：（13）细节理解推理判断词义猜测词义猜测七选五1 11页

细节理解+推理判断+词义猜测+词义猜测+七选五1‎ ‎1、    Love, success, happiness, family and freedom——how important are these values to you? Here is one interview which explores the fundamental questions in life.‎ ‎    Question: Could you introduce yourself first?‎ ‎    Answer: My name is Misbah, 27 years old. I was born in a war-torn area. Right now I’m a web designer.‎ ‎    Q: What are your great memories?‎ ‎    A: My parents used to take us to hunt birds, climb trees, and play in the fields. For me it was like a holiday because we were going to have fun all day long. Those are my great memories.‎ ‎    Q: Does your childhood mean a lot to you?‎ ‎    A: Yes. As life was very hard, I used to work to help bring money in for the family. I spent my childhood working, with responsibilities beyond my age. However, it taught me to deal with problems all alone. I learnt to be independent.‎ ‎    Q: What changes would you like to make in your life?‎ ‎    A: If I could change something in my life, I’d change it so that my childhood could have taken place in another area. I would have loved to live with my family in freedom. Who cares whether we have much money, or whether we have a beautiful house? It doesn’t matter as long as I can live with my family and we are safe.‎ ‎    Q: How do you get along with your parents?‎ ‎    A: My parents supported me until I came of age. I want to give back what I’ve got. That’s our way. But I am working in another city. My only contact with my parents now is through the phone, but I hate using it. It filters(过滤) out your emotion and leaves your voice only. My deepest feelings should be passed through sight, hearing and touch.‎ ‎1.In Misbah’s childhood, _______.‎ A.he was free from worry B.he liked living in the countryside C.he often spent holidays with his family D.he was fond of getting close to nature ‎2.What did Misbah desire most in his childhood?‎ A.A colorful life. B.A beautiful house. C.Peace and freedom. D.Money for his family.‎ ‎3.How would Misbah prefer to communicate with his parents?‎ A.By chatting on the Internet. B.By calling them sometimes. C.By paying weekly visits. D.By writing them letters.‎ ‎4.If there were only one question left, what would it most probably be?‎ A.What was your childhood dream? B.What is your biggest achievement? C.What is your parents' view of you? D.What was your hardest experience in the war?‎ ‎2、Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question,we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are  attractive. However, there  may  be other  reasons—for example, economic (经济的)  reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?‎ In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响) its surroundings too much,it often improves the attractiveness of the area.‎ It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏) the area they are in,but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change.‎ Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.‎ ‎1.What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph? A.Some of them are not attractive. B.Most of them are too expensive to preserve. C.They are more pleasing than modern buildings. D.They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area. 2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the author? A.We should reproduce the same old buildings. B.Buildings should not dominate their surroundings. C.Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in. D.No one understands why people speak against new buildings. 3.By “move things forward” in the last paragraph , the author probably means“_________”. A.destroy old buildings B.put things in a different place C.choose new architectural styles D.respect people's feelings for historical buildings 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To explain why people dislike change. B.To warn that we could end up living in caves. C.To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings. D.To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.‎ ‎3 、There is a very instructive incident involving the life of Alexander the Great, King of Greek. Alexander, after conquering many kingdoms, was returning home. On the way, he fell ill and it took him to his death bed. With death staring him in his face, Alexander realized his conquests, his great army, his sharp sword and all his wealth were of no consequence. So, he lay helplessly ‎ waiting to breathe his last. He called his generals and said, “I will depart from this world soon, and I have three wishes. Please carry them out without fail.”‎ ‎    “My first desire is that,” said Alexander, “my physicians alone must carry my coffin.” After a pause, he continued, “Secondly, I desire that when my coffin is being carried to the grave, the path leading to the graveyard be strewn(撒满) with gold, silver and precious stones which I have collected.” The King continued, “My third and last wish is that both my hands should be kept hanging out of my coffin.” Alexander's favorite general kissed his hand and pressed them to his heart. “Oh King, we assure you that your wishes will all be fulfilled. But tell us why do you make such strange wishes?”‎ ‎    Alexander took a deep breath and said, “I would like the world to know of the three lessons I have just learnt. I want my physicians to carry my coffin because people should realize that no doctor can really cure any bodies. They are powerless and cannot save a person from the clutches of death. So let people not take life for granted.‎ ‎    “The second wish of strewing gold, silver and other riches on the way to the graveyard is to tell people that not even a bit of gold will come with me. I spent all my life earning riches but cannot take anything with me. Let people realize that it is just a waste of time to chase wealth.‎ ‎    “And about my third wish of having my hands hanging out of the coffin, I wish people to know that I came emptyhanded into this world and empty-handed out of this world.” With these words, the King closed his eyes. Soon he let death conquer him and breathed his last.‎ ‎1.The first paragraph suggests that Alexander ________.‎ A.was conquering many kingdoms B.realized that what he got in his life was nothing to him at all C.wanted to leave as he came emptyhanded D.regarded his conquests, his great army, his sharp sword and all his wealth as the most important things ‎2.The underlined word “clutches” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.‎ A.sentence B.attention C.control D.shadow ‎3.The author intends to________.‎ A.tell us the story of Alexander B.introduce readers to the instructive lessons of Alexander C.stress the power of Alexander the Great D.persuade people to realize what Alexander said ‎4.What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A.The Death of Alexander B.The Greed of Alexander C.Three Wishes of Alexander D.The Life of Alexander ‎4、    Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural(农村的) and urban areas within one country.     Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion(时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.     Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity(兴旺) in the New Year. InGreece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies(预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.     Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. InChina, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.     Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the ‎ world. 1.According to the passage, sharing bread ______. A.indicates a lack of food B.can help to develop unity C.is a custom unique to rural areas D.has its roots in birthday celebrations 2.What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year? A.Trust. B.Success. C.Health. D.Togetherness. 3.The author explains the role of food in celebrations by ______. A.using examples B.making comparisons C.analyzing causes D.describing processes 4.What is the passage mainly about? A.The custom of sharing food. B.The specific meaning of food. C.The role of food in ceremonies. D.The importance of food in culture.‎ ‎5、    A student’s life is never easy. ①__________.A lot of preparations are needed so you can be sure to go back home with a diploma and a bright future waiting for you. The following are some basic things you need to do before seizing your passport and boarding the plane.‎ ‎●Knowing the country.‎ ‎    You shouldn’t bother researching the country’s hottest tourist spots or historical places. You won’t go there as a tourist, but as a student. I’ll be helpful to read the most important points in their history and to read up on their culture. ②__________.You surely don’t want to face legal problems, especially if you’re away from home.‎ ‎●Studying their language.‎ ‎    Don’t expect that you can graduate abroad without knowing even the basics of the language. Before leaving your home country, take online lessons to at least master some of their words and sentences. ③__________. Doing this will also prepare you in communicating with those who can’t speak English.‎ ‎●④__________‎ ‎    Check the conversion(兑换) of your money to their local currency, set up your bank account so you can use it there, get an insurance, and find an apartment. The Internet or your intended school will be very helpful in finding an apartment and helping you understand local currency.‎ ‎    Remember, you’re not only carrying your own reputation but your country’s reputation as well. If you act foolishly, people there might think that all of your country men are foolish as well. ⑤__________.‎ A.Packing your clothes.‎ B.And it is even more difficult if you have to complete your study in a foreign land.‎ C.That would surely be a very bad start for your study abroad program.‎ D.This will be useful in living and studying there.‎ E.Most importantly, read about their laws.‎ F.Going with their trends will keep it from being too obvious that you’re a foreigner.‎ G.Preparing for other needs.‎ ‎6、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ ‎    Today we eat on the go, at our desks and even in front of computers. We eat takeout, delivered and packaged meals.①__________‎ ‎    "Over the past three decades, people have started eating out more than ever before and buying more prepared foods at the grocery store, which tend to contain more fat, salt and sugar than their home-made foods," noted US healthy living website Spark People.‎ ‎   ② __________ It encourages us to value the time we spend preparing, sharing and consuming food, as a recent USA today article put it. It all started in 1986 with the efforts of Slow Food’s founding father, Italian activist Carlo Petrini, who wanted to bring back food varieties and flavors that had gone dark in the face of industrialization. ③__________ Now his idea is almost the mainstream.‎ ‎    Starting at the table, the movement promotes an unhurried way of life founded on the idea that everyone has a right to cooking pleasure, and that everyone must also take responsibility to "protect the heritage(遗产) of food, tradition and culture that make this celebration of the senses possible", wrote The Phnom Penh Post.‎ ‎    "④__________. It means turning down the speed at which we eat and increasing the amount of time we spend dining together with other people, Althea Zanecosky, spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association, told The Huf fington Post." "⑤__________ Dinner table conversations keep families together," noted the Belgian non-profit organization Greenfudge.‎ A.It is a way to bring back the social togetherness of yesterday.‎ B.It seems that we have adapted our foods to our fast-paced lives.‎ C.So the Slow Food Movement has occurred against this fast-food trend.‎ D.Slow Food doesn’t necessarily mean food that takes a long time to cook.‎ E.It is based on the idea that we should spend as much time as possible on cooking.‎ F.It’s not only the food itself but also the time we spend dining together that matters.‎ G.At that time, he asked people to follow a more sustainable(可持续的) living model.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.C; 4.B 解析：1.细节理解题。由第二个问题“What are your great memories?”的回答可以看出,米斯巴克的童年时代与大自然结下了不解之缘,故选D项。由第三个问题“Does your childhood mean a lot to you?”后的信息“I spent my childhood working...”可以得知,A项(他无忧无虑)和C项(他经常和家里人一起度假)是错误的;文章没有提到他生活在农村的事情,更谈不上喜欢与否。故排除B项。 2.细节理解题。由第四个问题“What changes would you like to make in your life?” 后的回答中的几个虚拟句,特别是“I would have loved to live with my family in freedom. ’’ 和“It doesn’t matter as long as I can live with my family and we are safe.‎ ‎ ”可知,米斯巴克在童年时代最大的愿望就是和平和自由,而不是漂亮的房子和养家糊口的钱,故选C项。 3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“My only contact with my parents now is through the phone,but I hate using it. ”可排除B项;文章根本没有涉及网络联系和信件联系,故排除A项和D项。最后一句“My deepest feelings should be passed through sight,hearing and touch. ”从而判断米斯巴克更愿意通过每周去亲自登门造访来和父母进行交流。故选C项。 4.推理判断题。A项与“What changes would you like to make in your life?” 如出一撤;D 项属于童年时代的问题,而不属于以后的问题, 故被排除。只有B项和本文第一段中所提及的“Love,success,happiness,family and freedom” 有联系,如果还剩下最后一个问题要问,那么它就可能是“你最大的成就是什么?”故选B项。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.C; 4.D 解析：1.【语篇导读】历史遗址是一个地方的文化瑰宝,在它的旁边是否可以修建现代化的建筑呢?不同的人有不同的意见,看看作者是从什么角度来进行辩论的。 根据第一段中“Not all historical buildings are attractive”,可知A正确。 考点定位: 考查细节理解。 2.根据第二段中“It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too.”可知现代建筑和古代建筑一样都会破坏周围的地区。可知答案C正确。 考点定位:考查推理判断。 3.最后一段讲如果我们不创新,我们沿用古老的建筑风格,那么我们今天还生活在山洞里。“move things forward”在这句话里指“建筑师有责任进行革新,创造新的建筑风格。”故答案选C。 考点定位:考查句子含义。 4.根据第一段中第一句提出问题“Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city?”现代建筑应该建筑古建筑旁吗?然后下面的文字来回答论证这一问题。故答案选D。 【长难句分析】As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.只要讨论中的建筑令人愉悦,不太影响它周围的环境,它通常会提升这个地区的吸引力。 该句为复合句。句中as long as引导条件状语从句;in question表示“在讨论中”。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案： 1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.C 解析： 1.考查推理判断。根据文章第一段的“Alexander realized his conquests, his great army, his sharp sword and all his wealth were of no consequence”可知,亚历山大大帝意识到他一生中所得的对他来说毫无意义,故B项正确。 2.考查词义猜测。sentence“判决”；sentence“ 注意”；control“控制”；shadow“阴影”。根据第三段的They are powerless and cannot save a person from the clutches of death可知，本句句意为他们是毫无为力的，并不能拯救一个人免于死神的控制，即C项正确 3.考查写作意图。根据第一段的第一句话可知,B项正确。 4.考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述了亚历山大大帝死前的三个愿望和他想通过这三个愿望传递给人们的启示,故C项正确。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D 解析：1.细节理解题。由第一段中的“Sharing bread...promote unity and trust. ”可知,分享食物有助于团结,故B正确。 2.细节理解题。由第三段中的“A coin is put into the cake, which signifies(预示) success in the new year for the person who receives it. ”可知,吃到这枚硬币预示着在新的一年里会取得成功。故选B。 3.篇章结构题。为了说明食物在庆祝活动中扮演的重要角色, 作者分别列举了美国南部、希腊、中国等国家和地区的不同做法。 故选A。 4.主旨大意题。文章首句就点明了主题“Food serves as a form of communication...”,紧接着作者通过举例来说明食物在庆祝活动中扮演的重要角色,最后首尾呼应,点明主题“...food is such an important part of different cultures around the world. ”。由此可知,这篇文章主要讲述的是食物在文化交流中的重要作用。故选D。‎ ‎【长难句分析】Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness.无论是在特殊时刻,还是在家庭的餐桌上,分享面包都是一种关于和睦的常见象征。本句是简单句。主语为Sharing bread,谓语部分is a common symbol of togetherness为系表结构。whether...or...表示“无论……还是……”。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：B; E; D; G; C 解析：‎ ‎【文章大意】文章介绍了出国学习需要注意的一些细节、准备工作和注意事项。‎ ‎1. B上句讲学生生活不容易,根据后面的“go back home”和 “passport and boarding on the plane”及下文的小标题可知是出国 学习,B项讲在国外完成学业更难,与上句是递进关系,故选B。‎ ‎2. E本段主要讲要了解要去的国家的历史和文化,根据下句的 face legal problems可知还要了解那里的法律,故选E。‎ ‎3. D本段主要讲要掌握那里的语言及其作用,D项意为“这对在那里学习和居住很有帮助”,符合文意,故选D。‎ ‎4. G本段主要讲兑换货币、银行账户、保险、找房子等出国要做的相关的事情,G项意为“做好其他准备”,适合作为本段标题,故选G。‎ ‎5.C本段主要讲出国后要注意自己的言行举止,这不仅仅是个人行为它还代表国家形象,E项讲其影响与上文一致,故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：B; C; G; D; A 解析：‎ ‎【文章大意】本文讲述了慢吃的好处。‎ ‎1. B根据上句:我们吃着外卖和打包的食物。可知此处的意思是:为了适应快节奏的生活,我们似乎改变了我们吃的食物。 故B项符合语境。‎ ‎2. C前面说了快餐的坏处,后面说了慢食的好处,故C项“所以,为了对抗快餐的流行,慢食运动应运而生。”符合语境。‎ ‎3. G 由下面一句“Now, his idea is almost the mainstream. ” 可知,此处应该说的是过去他的主张,故G项符合语境。‎ ‎4. D由下一句“它意味着放慢我们吃东西的速度……”可知,此处是解释“slow food”的含义,故D项符合语境。‎ ‎5. A由下面的“餐桌交谈能够使家人在一起" 可知,此处说的是慢食的好处,故A项符合语境。‎ ‎ ‎