2020届北师大版高考英语一轮复习：必修5Unit13People学案 26页

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．selfassessment n．　　　　 自我评估 ‎2．lawyer n. 律师 ‎3．physicist n. 物理学家 ‎4．uniform n. 制服 ‎5．chain n. 链条；一连串的事物 ‎6．athletic adj. 喜爱运动的 ‎7．harvest n. 收获 ‎8．airline n. 航空公司，航空线 ‎9．assistant n. 助手，助理 ‎10．academic adj. 学术的 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．weakness n. 弱点，缺陷 ‎2．accuse vt. 控告，谴责 ‎3．possibility n. 可能性 ‎4．confirm v. 证实 ‎5．desire n. 渴望，欲望 ‎6．account n. (银行)账户 ‎7．deserve vt. 　　 [纵联1] 应得，值得 ‎8．gifted adj. 有天赋的 ‎9．satisfaction n. 满意，满足 ‎10．previous_ adj. 以前的，过去的 ‎11．gain vt. 　　　 [纵联2] 获得；增加 ‎12．positive adj. 积极的 ‎13．upset adj. 　　 [纵联3] 不安的，不快的 ‎14．guilty adj. 不安的；有罪的 ‎15．parttime adv. 部分时间地 ‎16．disability n. 　 [纵联4] 残疾；无能力 ‎17．fault_n. 错误；缺点 ‎18．requirement n. [纵联5] 要求 ‎19．grateful adj. 感谢的，感激的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．strength n．长处，优势→strengthen v．增强→strong adj.强壮的 ‎2．concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)→concentration n．专心，专注 ‎3．associate vt.联想，联系→association n．联想；协会 ‎4．expression n．表情；词语；感情→express vt.表达，表示n.快递 ‎5．accurately adv.精确地，准确地→accurate adj.精确的，准确的→accuracy n．精确 ‎6．description n．描述，形容→describe v．描写，描述→describer n．描述者 ‎7．predict vt.预言，预测→prediction n．预测，预告→predictor n．预言家 ‎8．independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立→depend vi.依赖，依靠 ‎9．relief n．减轻，宽慰→relieve v．使安慰，缓解 ‎10．anxiety n．忧虑，担心→anxious adj.忧虑的；焦急的→anxiously adv.忧虑地 ‎11．judge vt.评判 n．法官→judgement n．判断；判断力 ‎12．devote vt.专心致志于，献身于→devotion n．奉献→devoted adj.献身的，忠诚的 纵联1.“词中词”法帮你记 ‎①serve→deserve值得 ②ant→distant遥远的 ‎③have→behave表现 ④arm→harm伤害 ‎⑤plain→explain解释 ⑥star→starve挨饿 ‎⑦end→tend趋向 纵联2.“获得”动词集锦 ‎①gain ②win ‎③acquire ④obtain ‎⑤earn ⑥get ‎⑦achieve ⑧fulfill 纵联3.不要“不安或烦恼”‎ ‎①bother ②disturb ‎③trouble ④annoy ‎⑤irritate ⑥upset ‎⑦uneasy ⑧nervous 纵联4.识记含“dis”否定前缀的单词 ‎①dislike v．不喜欢；厌恶 ②disagree v．不同意 ‎③disappear v．消失 ④disadvantage n．不利条件；弱点 ‎⑤disbelieve v．不信；怀疑 ⑥disobey v．不服从；违抗 ‎⑦disability n．残疾 纵联5.盘点含后缀“ment”的名词 ‎①movement运动 ②development发展 ‎③improvement改善 ④equipment设备 ‎⑤arrangement安排 ⑥requirement要求 ‎⑦establishment建立 ⑧management管理 ‎⑨agreement协议 单元话题——个人情况及与人相处 子话题1　优秀品质 ‎①considerate adj.体贴的 ②respectful adj.恭敬的 ‎③enthusiastic adj.热情的 ④merciful adj.仁慈的 ‎⑤modest adj.谦虚的 ⑥reliable adj.可信赖的 ‎⑦patient adj.有耐心的 子话题2　和谐相处 ‎①harmony n．和谐 ②harmonious adj.和谐的 ‎③friendly adj.友好的 ④cooperate vi.合作 ‎⑤admirable adj.值得赞赏的 ⑥consult vt.请教；商量 ‎⑦accompany vt.陪同 ⑧congratulate vt.祝贺 ‎⑨congratulation n．祝贺 ⑩promote vt.促进；提升 子话题3　争执与冲突 ‎①conflict n．冲突 ②friction n．冲突，不和 ‎③prejudice n．偏见 ④tension n. 紧张气氛 ‎⑤abandon vt.舍弃 ⑥abuse vt.辱骂 ‎⑦condemn vt.指责 ⑧embarrass vt.使尴尬 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2017·北京高考阅读D)So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling❶ its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.‎ The 　❷　 (possible) of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate❸ the minds of computer scientists.‎ ‎①写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：disability ‎②用所给词的适当形式填空：possibility ‎③写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：集中(注意力)‎ ‎2．(2009·浙江高考任务型阅读)You can't be everything to everybody. Each of us has our own strengths and weaknesses❶. To be effective, you need to identify your strengths and concentrate 　❷　 them. You'll become more successful if you are able to channel your efforts to areas that you do best. In business, for example, if you know you are good at marketing, then give it full play. Seek help or assistance❸ in areas that you may be poor at, such as accounting❹ or bookkeeping.To turn your weakness into strength, consider taking handson learning or training.‎ ‎①写出加黑词块在此处的汉语意思：优势和劣势 ‎②处应填介词：on ‎③写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：assistant ‎④写出加黑词在本单元的名词形式：account 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)这个暑假我打算在外企做份兼职工作，通过做兼职工作，我想拓宽一下我的视野、获得一些工作经验并结识一些新朋友。(parttime, gain)‎ This_summer_vacation_I_intend_to_take_up_a_parttime_job_in_a_foreign_company,_through_which_I_would_like_to_broaden_my_horizons,_gain_some_working_experience_and_meet_some_new_friends.‎ ‎2．(2015·陕西高考书面表达)我保证我一定不会辜负你们的期望。如果你们能好好考虑一下(我的申请)的话，我将不胜感激。(grateful)‎ I_am_sure_that_I_can_perfectly_live_up_to_your_expectations._I_will_be_grateful_if_you_‎ could_give_me_a_kind_consideration.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)‎ ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)concentrate on (doing) sth.　　 聚精会神于(做)某事 concentrate one's attention/energy ... on/upon (doing) ...‎ ‎ 集中某人的注意力/精力……于(做)……‎ ‎(2)concentration n. 专心，集中 ‎(3)concentrated adj. 集中的，全神贯注的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①We must concentrate our energies on treating (treat) addiction first.‎ ‎②What's more, I find out that I still have some bad learning habits as well. I can only concentrate on reading for a short time, and I will conquer the problem by spending more efforts on concentration (concentrate) practice.‎ ‎③He made a concentrated (concentrate) effort to finish the work on time.‎ 一句多译 他将注意力全部集中在技术问题上。‎ ‎④He_concentrated_his_attention_on_the_question_of_technology.(concentrate)‎ ‎⑤He_fixed/focused_his_attention_on_the_question_of_technology.(fix/focus)‎ ‎⑥He_put_his_heart_into_the_question_of_technology.(put one's heart into)‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑦(2018·浙江高考书面表达)如果一名志愿者不能集中精力，她就无法胜任这份工作。‎ If_a_volunteer_is_unable_to_concentrate_her_energy,_she_will_be_unable_to_be_fit_for_the_position.‎ ‎[联想]　表示“专注于；专心于”的短语还有：‎ ‎①fix on　　　　　　　 ②focus on ‎③put one's heart into ④be buried in ‎⑤abandon oneself to ⑥be lost in ‎⑦be devoted to ⑧be absorbed in ‎ ‎2．deserve vt.应得，值得 ‎[记牢]‎ deserve consideration/attention/respect值得考虑/关注/尊敬 deserve to do sth. 应该做某事 deserve doing/to be done ……值得做 ‎[练通]‎ 完成句子 ‎①With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation_deserves_attention.‎ 随着许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，目前形势值得关注。‎ ‎②They had some excellent players, so they certainly deserved_to_win that match.‎ 他们有一些优秀的队员，所以他们理所当然地赢得了那场比赛。‎ 句型转换 It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respect.‎ ‎③It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting.‎ ‎④It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve to be respected.‎ ‎[用准]　deserve不用于进行时态，且deserve doing相当于deserve to be done，此时动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，类似的单词还有need, want, require等。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2013·广东高考书面表达)不管是多么平凡的工作，它在社会中都起着一定的作用，因此值得我们应有的尊敬。‎ No_matter_how_ordinary_a_job_is,_it_plays_a_part_in_society_and_therefore_deserves_our_due_respect.‎ ‎3．associate vt.联想，联系 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)associate ...with ...　 使……与……联系起来 associate with sb. 与某人交往/共事 be associated with 与……有关 ‎(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；社团 in association with 与……联合；与……有关联 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①There has always been a close association (associate) between the two schools.‎ ‎②Mother warned the boys not to associate with bad companions.‎ ‎③The exhibition was organized by the school in association with local artists.‎ ‎④In the children's minds summer is associated (associate) with picnics.‎ 一句多译 有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。‎ ‎⑤There are many serious health problems which_are_associated_with_smoking.(使用定语从句)‎ ‎⑥There are many serious health problems associated_with_smoking.(使用分词作定语)‎ ‎⑦There are many serious health problems in_association_with_smoking.(使用介词短语作定语)‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑧(2018·天津高考书面表达)这是将你的才能与实践联系起来的一次好机会。‎ It's_a_good_opportunity_to_associate_your_talent_with_the_practice.‎ ‎[联想]　“与……有关”的其他表达还有：‎ ‎①be related to　　　　　　 ②have something to do with ‎③be in connection with ④be connected with ‎4．accuse vt.控告，指控，谴责 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth.　　 指责/控告某人(做)某事 ‎(2)the accused 被告 ‎[辨析]　accuse, charge 动词 含义 搭配 accuse 当面指责或指控 accuse sb.of ...‎ charge 因犯较大错误或重大罪行而正式起诉 charge sb.with ...‎ ‎[练通]‎ 选词填空/单句语法填空 ‎①The neighbour who was once charged with attempted murder accused me of playing my radio too loudly.(charge/accuse)‎ ‎②I don't think it's fair to accuse me of having (have) an attitude problem.‎ ‎③The accused (accuse) was declared to be innocent by the court.‎ ‎④He charged the minister with lying about the economy.‎ 句式升级 ‎⑤Tom was accused of cheating in the exam and he was in low spirits.(用过去分词短语作状语)‎ ‎→Accused_of_cheating_in__the__exam,_Tom_was_in_low_spirits.‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥(2013·福建高考书面表达)父母常被指责为孩子安排好一切，并不遗余力地为孩子的成功铺好道路。‎ Parents_are_often_accused_of_arranging_everything_for_their_children_and_sparing_no_‎ effort_to_pave_the_way_for_their_success.‎ ‎5．desire n．渴望，欲望v.期望，渴望 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)a desire for sth.　　　　　　 对……的渴望 a desire to do sth. 做某事的渴望/愿望 a desire that ... ……的愿望 ‎(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire that ... 希望 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2015·湖南高考)I had a strong desire to_reach (reach) in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window.‎ ‎②He desired that I (should)_go (go) abroad for further education.‎ ‎③Those foreigners desire to_visit (visit) the Great Wall.‎ ‎④He has a strong desire for success though he has failed many times. ‎ 一句多译 我们班的每个学生都渴望上名牌大学。‎ ‎⑤Each student in our class has_a_strong_desire_to_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire n．)‎ ‎⑥Each student in our class has_a_strong__desire_for_a_famous_university.(desire n．)‎ ‎⑦Each student in our class desires_to_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire v．)‎ ‎[用准]　desire后无论是跟宾语从句还是跟同位语从句，都应该用虚拟语气，其形式是“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑧(2013·重庆高考书面表达)我们渴望你能为我们的项目提供一些资金，也提供一些实用的建议。‎ It's_our_desire_that_you_should_provide_some_money_to_fund_our_program,_as_well_as_offer_us_some_practical_suggestions.‎ ‎6．relief n．宽慰，轻松；解脱；减轻，消除；缓和 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)to one's relief 　　　 令人感到欣慰的是 What a relief! 可松口气了！‎ in relief 如释重负；松了口气 ‎(2)relieve v. 解除，减轻，缓和 relieve sb.of 解除某人的(负担、痛苦等)‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Seeing the baby fall asleep, the young mother smiled in_relief.‎ ‎②What a relief! It almost took us five years to pay back all the money we borrowed from the bank.‎ ‎③The new secretary will relieve us of the paperwork.‎ ‎④Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to relieve (relief) tension and stress.‎ 完成句子 ‎⑤Much_to_his_relief,_his son found a job smoothly last month.‎ 令他感到非常宽慰的是，他的儿子上个月顺利地找到了工作。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥(2018·天津高考书面表达)你在机器人竞赛(robotics competition)中获得过一等奖，如果你能加入我们的团队我们会感到很安心。‎ You_have_won_the_first_prize_in_a_robotics_competition_and_it_will_be_a_relief_to_see_that_you_join_our_team.‎ ‎7．account vt.认为是，视为n.解释，说明；账目；(银行)账户；描述，叙述 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中 account的含义 ‎①I opened a bank account after I made 1,000 yuan by doing a parttime job during the summer vacation. 账户 ‎②Much to our surprise, the witness's account of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects. 描述，叙述 ‎③In English law a person is accounted innocent until he/she is proved guilty. 认为是，视为 ‎④The accounts show that the business is beginning to improve. 账目 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)account for　　 说明(原因等)；作出解释；占……比例 ‎(2)on account of 由于，因为 on no account 决不(放在句首时，句子要倒装)‎ take ...into account＝take account of＝take ...into consideration 考虑到……‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎⑤How do you account for making so many mistakes in your homework?‎ ‎⑥We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.‎ 完成句子 ‎⑦Taking_his_age_into_account,_we shouldn't be so strict with him.‎ 考虑到他的年龄，我们不应该对他如此严格。‎ ‎⑧On_no_account_can_you_give_up whatever happens.‎ 不管发生什么你决不能放弃。‎ ‎[用准]　on no account表示“决不”，放在句首时，句子用部分倒装，类似的表示“决不”的短语还有：‎ ‎①in no case　　　　　　　 ②by no means ‎③at no time ④in no way ‎⑤on no condition ⑥under/in no circumstances ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑨(2014·湖南高考书面表达)在我的新发明中我必须考虑一些特定的因素。‎ There_are_some_certain_factors_I_must_take_into_account_on_my_new_invention._‎ ‎8．devote vt.献身于，专心致志于 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于/致力于(做)某事 devote one's life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth.‎ ‎ 把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于(做)某事 ‎(2)devoted adj.　　　 　 　 　 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于/奉献于(做)某事 ‎(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He has devoted most of his time and energy to finding (find) a cure for the disease.‎ ‎②Li Lei is my devoted (devote) friend and he has devoted himself to improving (improve) the education of the local people.‎ ‎③From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion (devote)．‎ 句式升级 The young lady is devoted to teaching the deaf children and has little time to care for her own daughter.‎ ‎④Devoting_herself_to_teaching_the_deaf_children,_the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词作状语)‎ ‎⑤Devoted_to_teaching_the_deaf_children,_the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词作状语)‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我经常在空闲的时候和我的同学们在学校体育馆打羽毛球。‎ I_often_devote_my_free_time_to_playing_badminton_with_my_classmates_in_the_school_stadium.‎ ‎[联想]　devote (oneself) to中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，类似的短语还有：‎ ‎①look forward to (doing) sth.　　　 　 盼望(做)某事 ‎②be opposed/object to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 ‎③get down to (doing) sth. 开始着手(做)某事 ‎④pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意(做)某事 ‎⑤lead to (doing) sth. 导致(做)某事 ‎⑥be/get used/accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事 ‎⑦adapt/adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth. 适应(做)某事 ‎⑧be addicted to (doing) sth. 对(做)某事上瘾 ‎9．judge n．裁判，法官vt.评判；判断；审判，判决 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)judge ...from/by ...　　 从……来判断 as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为 ‎(2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断 ‎(3)judgement n. 判断力；评价 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He had entirely lost faith in his own judgement (judge) because of that fault.‎ ‎②Judging (judge) from the book I have read, I think he is a very promising writer.‎ ‎③Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by/from what you wear.‎ 完成句子 ‎④As_far_as_I_can_judge,_he can realize his dream of going to university.‎ 依我看来，他能实现上大学的梦想。‎ ‎⑤Judging_by/from_the_expression_on_her_face,_she must have news of great excitement to tell us.‎ 从她脸上的神情看，她一定有令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。‎ ‎[用准]　judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥(2018·江苏高考书面表达)很明显，盲目听从别人的意见会影响我们自己的判断。‎ Apparently,_blindly_following_others'_advice_will_affect_our_own_judgement.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．(2018·天津高考)The possibility (可能性) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.‎ ‎2．Our facial expressions (表情) convey our emotions, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. ‎ ‎3．(2014·浙江高考)No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can predict (预测) when the unexpected will happen.‎ ‎4．I decided to apply my previous (以前的) experience to learning how to read and write.‎ ‎5．To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths (长处，强项) and weaknesses (弱点，缺点)．‎ ‎6．Don't blame him for the accident; it's not his fault (错误)．‎ ‎7．It is our hope that the two countries will live in peace forever(永远)．‎ ‎8．He feels quite guilty (有罪的) about being unable to take care of his sick father because of his busy work.‎ ‎9．We still had a good harvest (收获) of wheat this year in spite of the heavy drought in spring.‎ ‎10．Such a positive (积极的) attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I cannot make that decision for you; you will have to use your judgement (judge)．‎ ‎2．I always associate that song with my visit to Hawaii.‎ ‎3．He had a strong desire to_carry (carry) out the discussion put forward at yesterday's meeting.‎ ‎4．If you have enough evidence, you can accuse government officials of corruption.‎ ‎5．I think the Bird's Nest deserves to_be_visited/visiting (visit) again.‎ ‎6．Some students are good at concentrating on what the teachers teach in class.‎ ‎7．Devoted (devote) to the study of science, she had little time to take care of her children.‎ ‎8．The heavy rain may have accounted for the absence of so many students this morning.‎ ‎9．When his daughter came home at last, he was in relief.‎ ‎10．Those who fail to meet these requirements (require) will not be admitted to the club.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Judged from the name, it is easy to guess that players can only join if they are ‎ fat.Judged→Judging ‎2．The teacher desired that all the homework was handed in before school was over.第一个was→be ‎3．As a typist, the most important aspect of the job is to be able to type quickly and accurate.accurate→accurately ‎4．The teens accuse their parents with misleading them.with→of ‎5．Neighbors devoted their spare time to help others rebuild.help→helping Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．Judging_from_his_tone,_there is no doubt he is against the plan.‎ 从他的语气判断，他是反对这个计划的。‎ ‎2．To_our_relief,_the disease didn't burst out as expected.‎ 令我们欣慰的是，这种疾病并没有像预计的那样爆发。‎ ‎3．On_no_account_should_you_leave the baby alone in the house.‎ 你切不可将婴儿独自留在家中。‎ ‎4．Playing computer games can give us some relaxation after school, but as students we must concentrate_on_our_studies.‎ 放学后玩电脑游戏能使我们放松，但是作为学生，我们必须集中精力学习。‎ ‎5．We are working in_association_with_a_local_company to raise money for the homeless.‎ 我们正在联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．come_up_with　　　　　　　 提出，想出 ‎2．concentrate_on 集中于；专注于 ‎3．talk_sb.into_doing_sth._ 说服某人做某事 ‎4．draw_up 起草 ‎5．end_up_ 结果为……；以……结束 ‎6．on_the_other_hand 另一方面 ‎7．in_terms_of 就某事来说；从某个角度上看 ‎8．be_willing_to_do_sth. 愿意做某事 ‎9．react_to 　　　　　[串记1] 对……作出反应 ‎10．deal_with 处理，对付 ‎11．glare_at 怒视 ‎12．can't_help_doing_sth. 禁不住做某事 ‎13．to_be_honest 　 　[串记2] 说实话 ‎14．be_devoted_to 奉献；致力于 ‎15．compared_to 和……比较起来 ‎16．pick_up 捡起；接(人)；(无意间)学会；‎ ‎ 好转 ‎17．accuse_sb.of_sth. [串记3] 控告某人做某事 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“动词＋to”短语荟萃 ‎①turn to求助于；致力于 ②object to反对 ‎③refer to谈到；涉及；参阅 ④point to指向 ‎⑤belong to属于 ⑥stick to坚持；忠于 ‎⑦see to处理；料理 ⑧come to共计；苏醒 ‎⑨react to对……作出反应 串记2.to短语作插入语 ‎①to be honest说实话 ②to be frank坦白地说 ‎③to begin with首先 ④to tell you the truth说实话 ‎⑤to be brief简单地说 ⑥to be sure无疑；诚然 串记3.“v.＋sb.＋of＋sth.”短语大团圆 ‎①accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 ‎②cure sb. of sth. 治好某人某病 ‎③remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 ‎④warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 ‎⑤suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事 ‎⑥rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 ‎⑦inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 ‎⑧cheat sb. of sth. 骗取某人某物 ‎⑨convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 ‎1．for the first time 第一次 ‎2．be full of anxiety 充满焦虑 ‎3．do some revision 复习 ‎4．sigh with relief 如释重负 ‎5．get along well 相处融洽 ‎6．take a break 休息一下 ‎7．go camping 去野营 ‎8．fail the exam 考试不及格 ‎9．win the competition 赢得比赛 ‎10．to some extent 在某种程度上 ‎1．It_is_generally_believed_that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.‎ 人们普遍认为高情商的人善于接受新观念，对待生活持积极态度。‎ ‎2．I really dislike_it_when he eats garlic for lunch.‎ 我真的不喜欢他午饭吃大蒜。‎ ‎3．Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and that's_why the letter never arrived.‎ 可能邮政编码错了，那就是信一直未收到的原因。‎ ‎4．I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the_more upset I got, the_less I was able to concentrate.‎ 我变得越来越心烦，当然，我越是感到心烦我就越难集中精力。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块与句式 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)concentrated_on ‎2．(2018·江苏高考阅读D)The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day — especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)react_to ‎3．(2016·天津高考阅读D)Such startup fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)deal_with 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词块与句式 ‎(根据汉语及提示翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你已学会了用筷子，那么主人会喜欢。(it作形式宾语)‎ The_host_will_like_it_if_you_have_learned_to_use_chopsticks._‎ ‎2．(2017·北京高考书面表达)那就是我认为长江之旅是较好选择的原因。(that's why)‎ That's_why_I_think_the_trip_along_the_Yangtze_River_will_be_a_better_choice.‎ ‎3．(2013·湖南高考书面表达)一方面，我们认为友谊第一，比赛第二；另一方面，因为我们都已经尽力了，所以我们不后悔。(on the other hand)‎ On_the_one_hand,_we_think_that_friendship_comes_first,_and_a_match_comes_second._On_the_other_hand,_since_we_all_tried_our_best,_we_have_no_regret.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．talk sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)talk sb. into doing sth.‎ ‎＝persuade/argue sb. into doing sth.‎ ‎＝persuade sb. to do sth.　　　 说服某人做某事 talk sb. out of doing sth.‎ ‎＝persuade/argue sb. out of doing sth.‎ ‎＝persuade sb. not to do sth. 说服某人不做某事 ‎(2)talk of 谈到，说到 talk about 谈论，议论 ‎[练通]　　‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Wang Lin talked his parents into sending (send) him to the famous middle school.‎ ‎②I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm goes off.‎ ‎③Talking of literature, do you have any interest in Lu Xun's works?‎ ‎④I can't talk her_out of giving up her dream of being a physician.‎ 一句多译 我妻子说服了我在房价上涨之前买了一套新房子。‎ ‎⑤My wife talked_me_into_buying_a_new_house before house prices went up. (talk)‎ ‎⑥My wife persuaded/argued_me_into_buying_a_new_house before house prices went ‎ up. (persuade/argue)‎ ‎⑦My wife persuaded_me_to_buy_a_new_house_before house prices went up. (persuade)‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)当谈到餐桌礼仪，在用餐过程中，说话声音别太大，要让人听起来感到很舒服。‎ Talking_of_table_manners,_keep_your_voice_low_and_pleasant_during_the_meal._‎ ‎2．in terms of就……而言；在……方面；从某个角度上看 ‎[记牢]‎ be on good/bad/friendly terms with sb.‎ ‎ 与某人关系好/不好/友好　‎ come to terms with ... 对……让步，迁就……，‎ ‎ 接受(不愉快的事)；适应……‎ in the long/short term 就长期/短期而言 ‎[练通]　完成句子 ‎①I feel sure that in_terms_of_ability_and_experience,_you are absolutely suited to the position.‎ 我确信从能力和经验的角度来说，你绝对适合这个职位。‎ ‎②In_the_long_term,_it is necessary to be_on_good_terms_with people around us, so we should learn to come_to_terms_with others.‎ 从长远来看，与我们周围的人处好关系很重要，所以我们要学会迁就别人。‎ ‎[用准]　在短语in the long/short term中，term用单数形式。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎③(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)请你帮我找出文字和格式方面的错误好吗？‎ Would_you_mind_finding_out_the_mistakes_in_terms_of_words_and_format?‎ ‎3．can't help doing sth.禁不住要做某事 ‎[记牢]‎ can't help (to) do sth.　　　　　　 不能帮忙做某事 can't help but do sth.‎ ‎＝can do nothing but do sth.‎ ‎＝have no choice but to do sth. 不得不做某事 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①She can't help (to)_clean (clean) the house because she's busy making a cake.‎ ‎②All the students couldn't help laughing (laugh) when they heard the joke.‎ ‎③Faced with so much trouble, I can't help but turn (turn) to my parents for help.‎ 一句多译 最后一班地铁离开了，我们不得不步行回家。‎ ‎④The_last_subway_left,_and_we_could_do_nothing_but_walk_home.(can do nothing but do sth.)‎ ‎⑤The_last_subway_left,_and_we_couldn't_help_but_walk_home.(can't help but do sth.)‎ ‎⑥The_last_subway_left,_and_we_had_no_choice_but_to_walk_home. (have no choice but to do sth.)‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑦(2018·江苏高考书面表达)每次购买我想要的东西时，我都禁不住参考消费排名。‎ Every_time_I_purchase_what_I_want,_I_can't_help_consulting_consumption_ratings.‎ ‎4．end up结果为……；以……结束 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)end up doing sth.　　　　 以……结束/告终 end up with ... 以……而结束 end up as ... 结果成为(职位)‎ ‎(2)come to an end ‎＝put/bring an end to ‎＝bring sth. to an end 结束 at the end of 在……尽头；在……末端 by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)‎ in the end 最后；终于 at an end 结束，终止 ‎[练通]‎ 选词填空(at an end/in the end/at the end of/put an end to)‎ ‎①Honestly speaking, I do want to buy an iPad at_the_end_of the year.‎ ‎②The meeting was at_an_end,_but the people still stayed in the meeting hall.‎ ‎③He tried various jobs and in_the_end became a teacher.‎ ‎④They didn't know how to_put_an_end_to the quarrel.‎ 单句语法填空 ‎⑤Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up with sweet dreams.‎ ‎⑥If you don't know what you want, you might end up getting (get) something you don't want.‎ ‎⑦His brother got rapid promotion and ended up as a manager in a company.‎ 单句改错 ‎⑧His life returned to normal after the war came to end.end前加an ‎⑨By the end of last year, he has learned two thousand English words.has→had ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑩(2016·天津高考书面表达)两周过去了，我们的交流活动结束了。‎ Two_weeks_went_by,_and_our_exchange_activities_came_to_an_end.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．it作形式宾语 ‎[教材原句]　I really dislike_it_when he eats garlic for lunch.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I_would_appreciate_it_if you could take the trouble to do so much for me.‎ 如果你能不怕麻烦为我做这么多，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎(2)You can depend_on/upon_it_that such a boring thing will never happen again.‎ 你放心好了，这种无聊的事绝不会再发生的。‎ ‎(3)Some of us always take_it_for_granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.‎ 我们中的一些人理所当然地认为父母或者祖父母应该照顾我们。‎ ‎(4)He saw_to_it_that the work was finished on time.‎ 他确保工作按时完成。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)英语中，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, dislike, appreciate, prefer等接when/if引导的从句作宾语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在it之后。‎ ‎(2)类似用法短语还有see to it that ...“务必；确保”； depend/rely on it that ...“依赖/相信”； take it for granted that ...“认为……是理所当然的”等。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)Generally speaking, people hate it when people talk with their mouths full.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2018·天津高考写作佳句)I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots.(总结句)‎ ‎2．that's why ...‎ ‎[教材原句]　Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and that's_why the letter never arrived.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)He didn't pass the exam yesterday. That's_why he got angry with me.‎ 昨天他没有通过考试，那就是他对我生气的原因。‎ ‎(2)He was late for work this morning. That's_because he got caught in a traffic jam.‎ 今天早上他上班迟到了，那是因为他遇上了交通堵塞。‎ ‎(3)The_reason_why he didn't pass the driving test was_that_he was too careless.‎ 他没有通过驾照考试的原因是他太粗心了。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)That's why ...意为“那就是……的原因”， why引导表语从句。‎ ‎(2)That's because ...意为“那是因为……”，because引导表语从句。‎ ‎(3)The reason why ... is/was that ... 意为“……的原因是……”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。‎ 注意事项 ‎(1)在句型“That's why/because ...”中，why后强调结果，because后强调原因。‎ ‎(2)在句型“The reason why ... is/was that ...”中，表语从句只能用that引导，不能用because。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2014·浙江高考满分作文)In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I recommend another category of books: literary books.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2014·上海高考满分作文)The reason why I'd like to see a Career Planning section is that high schools in Shanghai seldom offer career guidance, which should be made indispensable to the curriculums.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 in terms of, to be honest, come up with, concentrate on, be willing to, draw up, deal with, can't help, end up with, talk ... into ‎1．(2018·北京高考)Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal_with bacteria effectively.‎ ‎2．To_be_honest,_I don't like chatting with her at all.‎ ‎3．He couldn't talk me into accepting his terms.‎ ‎4．How did you come_up_with the good idea that we could escape being punished?‎ ‎5．We end_up_with nothing after all these years, and that's your fault.‎ ‎6．(2014·福建高考)It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in_terms_of overall quality.‎ ‎7．(2016·江苏高考)He did not compromise easily, but was_willing_to accept any ‎ constructive advice for a worthy cause.‎ ‎8．Seeing these photos, I can't_help thinking of my happy childhood.‎ ‎9．With so much noise outside, I can't concentrate_on my work which must be finished at 5 o'clock this afternoon.‎ ‎10．If you want to make rapid progress, you should draw_up your own study plan and put it into practice.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换/完成句子/一句多译 ‎1．I got wet all through. That's because I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.‎ ‎→I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That's why I got wet all through.‎ ‎2．如果你能给我这次在国外进一步学习的机会我将不胜感激。‎ I_would_appreciate_it_if you could give me this opportunity for further education abroad.‎ ‎3．你站得越高就看得越远。‎ The_higher you stand, the_farther you will see.‎ ‎4．大家都相信有规律的锻炼对我们的健康有利。‎ ‎①It_is_believed_that taking regular exercise is good for our health.‎ ‎②People_believe_that taking regular exercise is good for our health.‎ ‎③Taking regular exercise is_believed_to_be good for our health.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Andrew不久前去美国留学，他给你写信说很不适应那里的生活。请你根据以下提示用英语给他写一封回信，鼓励他勇敢面对。‎ ‎1．写信目的；‎ ‎2．尊重当地的风俗习惯；‎ ‎3．与美国学生多交流；‎ ‎4．积极参加户外活动；‎ ‎5．注意与人交往时的礼仪；‎ ‎6．表达祝愿。‎ 注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎2．词数100左右。开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Andrew，‎ How nice to hear from you again！　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本写作属于应用文中的普通书信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。要点表达可以从以下六方面着手：一是陈述写信目的；二是尊重当地的风俗习惯；三是与美国学生多交流；四是积极参加户外活动；五是注意与人交往时的礼仪；六是表达祝愿。要点表达要力求全面准确，避免空洞、跑题。‎ 要点1：我有一些建议给你。‎ I_have_some_suggestions_for_you.‎ 要点2：尊重当地的风俗习惯。‎ You_should_respect_the_local_customs.‎ 要点3：与美国学生多交流。‎ You_should_communicate_more_with_American_students.‎ 要点4：你最好多与朋友参加户外活动。‎ You'd_better_join_in_more_outdoor_activities_with_your_friends.‎ 要点5：注意与人交往时的礼仪。‎ You_should_mind_your_own_manners_when_you_get_along_with_your_friends.‎ 要点6：希望我的建议起作用。祝你尽快适应新生活。‎ I_hope_my_suggestions_will_help._May_you_adapt_to_your_new_life_soon.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行升级改造。例如要点1运用it is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.句型；要点2运用as引导的非限制性定语从句，谚语以及involve ... in高级表达，说明尊重当地风俗习惯，融入当地居民生活的原因；要点3由与外国学生交流延伸到友谊，并且巧妙地运用祈使句；要点4运用it作形式主语的精彩表达句式，并运用which引导的非限制性定语从句；要点5把交往时的礼仪进一步细化，使要点更具体，并且用上时间状语从句的省略when doing；要点6运用do＋动词原形表强调以及and连接的并列句。‎ 拓展1：我认为你不习惯那里的生活是自然的。我有一些建议给你。(it is＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.)‎ I_think_it's_natural_for_you_not_to_get_used_to_the_life_there._I_have_some_suggestions_for_you.‎ 拓展2－①： 你应当尊重当地的风俗习惯，尽量让自己融入到当地居民的生活中。 (involve ... in)‎ You_should_respect_the_local_customs_and_try_to_involve_yourself_in_the_natives'_lives.‎ 拓展2－②：正如谚语所说：“入乡随俗”。(as引导的非限制性定语从句)‎ Just_as_the_saying_goes，“When_in_Rome,_do_as_the_Romans_do.”‎ 拓展3－①：不要害怕和美国学生交流，你应该和他们交朋友。(祈使句)‎ Don't_be_afraid_to_communicate_with_American_students_and_you_should_make_friends_with_them.‎ 拓展3－②：友谊会带给你快乐。‎ Friendship_will_bring_you_happiness.‎ 拓展4：你最好多和朋友参加户外运动，这会有助于你身心放松，心情愉悦。(it作形式主语，which引导的非限制性定语从句)‎ It_is_better_for_you_to_join_in_more_outdoor_activities_with_your_friends,_which_may_help_you_relax_and_have_fun.‎ 拓展5：当与朋友交往时，你应该注意你自己的礼仪并保持谦虚和诚实。(状语从句的省略)‎ You_should_mind_your_own_manners_and_remain_modest_and_honest_when_getting_along_with_your_friends.‎ 拓展6：我的确希望我的建议起作用。祝你尽快适应新生活并享受待在那儿的时光。(do＋动词原形，and并列句)‎ I_do_hope_my_suggestions_will_help._May_you_adapt_to_your_new_life_soon_and_enjoy_your_stay_there.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 开头开门见山，用here引出下文；中间运用衔接词first of all， secondly， what's more， finally使句与句之间衔接自然、流畅；最后表达了真诚的祝愿，结束全文。‎ Dear_Andrew，‎ How_nice_to_hear_from_you_again!_I_think_it's_natural_for_you_not_to_get_used_to_the_life_there._Here_I_have_some_suggestions_for_you.‎ First_of_all,_you_should_respect_the_local_customs_and_try_to_involve_yourself_in_the_natives'_lives._Just_as_the_saying_goes,_“When_in_Rome,_do_as_the_Romans_do.”_Secondly,_don't_be_afraid_to_communicate_with_American_students_and_you_should_make_friends_with_them._Friendship_will_bring_you_happiness._What's_more,_it_is_better_for_you_to_join_in_more_outdoor_activities_with_your_friends,_which_may_help_you_relax_and_have_fun._Finally,_you_should_mind_your_own_manners_and_remain_modest_and_honest_when_getting_along_with_your_friends.‎ I_do_hope_my_suggestions_will_help._May_you_adapt_to_your_new_life_soon_and_enjoy ‎_your_stay_there.‎ Best_wishes!‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua 理清文体结构之(十三)　议论文之总分总结构——观点→论证→结论 ‎“总分总”类议论文一般包括提出问题、分析问题和解决问题三大部分，在内容的展开上常表现为“总分总”模式，即：首尾部分为“总”，中间分析问题部分为“分”，中间部分为议论文的难点和重点，其呈现形式可以是分论点并列，也可以是递进式的延伸。不过，不管怎样“分”，都应在“总”的统摄之下，并且为“总”服务。这种结构层次清晰，了解了论点是什么，如何论证的，结论是什么，便掌握了文章大意，题目也会迎刃而解。‎ ‎　　[高考典例]　2018·全国卷Ⅲ·D篇 ‎[读文解题技法]‎ 总 总 ‎　[1]Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.‎ ‎[2]I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)．‎ ‎[3]For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, ‎ ‎1.提出观点(第1段)‎ ‎2.事例论证1(第2段)‎ 假期前鼓励孩子捐赠用不着的物品或卖掉东西把钱放于“学校基金”。(可解33题)‎ ‎3.事例论证2(第3段)‎ 事例论证1为某一次行为，接着作者以问题的形式论证了如何让孩子能够“make it a habit”。(可解34题)‎ ‎4.得出结论(第4段)‎ 在事例1和事例2论证的基础上，顺理成章地得出结论：简单的物品也能激发快乐。(可解35题)‎ Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball — simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.‎ ‎[4]We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.‎ 本文以反例引领提出观点：live more with less。(可解32题)‎ ‎[依行文结构，比对定答案]‎ ‎32.What do the words “” in paragraph 1 probably mean？‎ A.The more， the better. ‎ B.Enough is enough.‎ C.More money， more worries. ‎ D.Earn more and spend more. ‎ ‎33.What made Georgia ？‎ A.Saving up for her holiday.‎ B.Raising money for a poor girl.‎ C.Adding the money to her fund.‎ D.Giving the money to a sick mother.‎ ‎34.Why did the author ？‎ A.To try out an idea. ‎ B.To show a parent’s love.‎ C.To train his attention. ‎ D.To help him start a hobby.‎ ‎35.What can be a suitable for the text？‎ A.Take It or Leave It ‎ B.A Lesson from Kids C.Live More with Less ‎ D.The Pleasure of Giving ‎ ‎[答案]　32.A　33.C　34.A　35.C