【英语】2021届新高考英语一轮复习限时规范练北师大版：必修5Unit15B　Learning作业 11页

限时规范练30(必修5　Unit 15B)‎ 核心素养关键词:培养学生人与社会、关注饮食健康的素养能力意识 ‎　限时规范练第60页　 ‎ 一、阅读理解 A Many people believe eating healthily is expensive — and more costly than buying junk foods.But our new research,published in the BMC Public Health,shows this isn’t the truth.‎ Most of the Australian family food budget is being spent on junk foods and drinks that are high in fat,sugar and salt.‎ Less than 7% of Australians eat healthily.The Australian adults get at least 35% of their energy from junk foods and drinks.As a result,two-thirds of adults (63%) and one-quarter of children are overweight.‎ We used the Australian Health Survey 2011-2013 and the suggestions of the Australian Dietary Guidelines to model healthy diets for a family of two adults and two children every two weeks.We collected food prices in supermarkets and stores in high- and low-socioeconomic (社会经济地位低的) areas in Brisbane,and compared the diet prices with family incomes.‎ In both areas,a family of two adults and two children spend about 18% more on present diets than would be required to buy healthy diets.About 58% of the food budget for present diets is spent on junk foods,including takeaway foods (14%),and sugary drinks (4%).‎ In the low-socioeconomic area,a family of two adults and two children spend $640.20 every two weeks on their present diets,but could buy a healthy diet for $560.93 every two weeks.In the high-socioeconomic area,these numbers are $661.92 and $580.01.‎ Supermarket food prices were about 3% higher in the high-socioeconomic location.Takeaway foods were also relatively more expensive,but sugary drinks were priced similarly in both areas.‎ Present diets cost more than healthy diets,so causes other than price must be helping to drive preferences for unhealthy choices.‎ ‎【篇章导读】本文是说明文。一项研究表明:健康饮食比垃圾食品的花费要更加便宜。‎ ‎1.What did the researchers find?‎ A.Australians have a preference for sweet foods.‎ B.Most Australian kids have fat problems.‎ C.Half Australians live on junk foods.‎ D.Most Australians eat unhealthily.‎ 答案D 解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Less than 7% of Australians eat healthily.”可知,大多数澳洲人饮食不健康。‎ ‎2.How did the researchers get the result?‎ A.By making a comparison.‎ B.By doing the study online.‎ C.By carrying out interviews.‎ D.By asking personal questions.‎ 答案A 解析细节理解题。根据第四段可知,研究者们通过使用来自Australian Health Survey的调查数据,然后搜集各超市的食品价格,最后再和家庭收入进行对比,得出研究结论。‎ ‎3.What can we learn from Paragraph 5?‎ A.Australian foods are healthier.‎ B.A healthy diet is actually cheaper.‎ C.Health foods are becoming more expensive.‎ D.People choose junk foods for their low prices.‎ 答案B 解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的“a family of two adults and two children spend about 18% more on present diets than would be required to buy healthy diets”可知,研究结果表明,垃圾食品的花费已经超过健康食品,健康食品其实更便宜。‎ ‎4.What might a following paragraph be about?‎ A.The harm of junk foods.‎ B.How we can eat healthily.‎ C.Why people choose junk foods.‎ D.The advantages of a healthy diet.‎ 答案C 解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为,目前人们在垃圾食品上的消费已经超过了健康食品,这说明人们选择垃圾食品不是因为价格,而是因为别的。由此判断接下来文章最有可能讨论人们选择垃圾食品的原因。‎ B New Zealand has a pest problem.The country has a plan to solve it.The country’s leaders want to kill rats and other predatory mammals (肉食性哺乳动物) by 2050.‎ In New Zealand,rats are an invasive species.Long ago,rats came to the country on boats,with humans,in the 13th century.When they were introduced to the island’s environment,the rats ate—and,scientists believe,finally killed off—several bird species.‎ Humans also brought other mammals,like stoats and possums.Stoats—which are similar to weasels—were introduced to eat another invasive mammal population:rabbits.Instead,the stoats fed on native species.Possums were brought to New Zealand for their fur.But their population also grew quickly out of control.Possums feed on the eggs and young of native birds.They also cause damage to forests.‎ One of the reasons invasive mammal populations grew so quickly is that New Zealand is home to almost no native mammals.Most of its native species are birds.Many of these birds,including the kiwi,cannot fly.That is a big problem for the birds.They cannot fly to safety.As a result,several of New Zealand’s birds are close to dying out.‎ Killing predatory mammals is not new for New Zealand.The country has killed off rats on some of its smaller islands.In those places,bird species that were in danger of dying out have begun to flourish.‎ New Zealand hopes to improve upon the methods used in those small areas.The government plans to spend more than $20 million on the project.The money will pay for research,technology,and tools to kill off the animals.‎ It is a big goal.But scientists say it can be met.“I really do think it’s possible,” says James Russell,a scientist at the University of Auckland in New Zealand.“It will require people working in every corner of the country.”‎ ‎【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了新西兰为保护当地鸟类而采取的消除有害动物的措施。‎ ‎5.What is the purpose of New Zealand’s plan?‎ A.To save native birds.‎ B.To drive mammals away.‎ C.To do research on pests.‎ D.To control rabbit population.‎ 答案A 解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The country’s leaders want to kill rats and other predatory mammals by 2050.”及第四段中的“As a result,several of New Zealand’s birds are close to dying out.”可知,新西兰政府的这项计划旨在消灭境内的有害动物,保护当地的原生鸟类。‎ ‎6.Why were possums introduced to New Zealand?‎ A.To kill rabbits.‎ B.To make money.‎ C.To protect forests.‎ D.To catch weasels.‎ 答案B 解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Possums were brought to New Zealand for their fur.”可知,新西兰引进负鼠是为了从其毛皮上获取经济利益。‎ ‎7.What does the underlined word “flourish” in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A.Increase.‎ B.Appear.‎ C.Change.‎ D.Drop.‎ 答案A 解析词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“The country has killed off...have begun to...”可知,新西兰的一些小岛已经消灭了所有老鼠,在那些地方,本来几乎灭绝的鸟类数量又开始增长起来。‎ ‎8.What is Russell’s attitude towards this plan?‎ A.He is against it.‎ B.He is confident of it.‎ C.He has doubts about it.‎ D.He shows no interest in it.‎ 答案B 解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I really do think it’s possible”可知,Russell对政府的这项计划充满信心。‎ 二、完形填空 This is a real story about an old man in China.Sixty-three-year-old Zhuang Guorong is a 　1　 rural primary school art teacher,who has had a life of 　2　 for more than 40 years. ‎ Every year,the strong,younger-than-his-actual-age pensioner goes to “the farmers’ home” of Chenyang Community to paint or　3　 other villagers how to 　4　. ‎ ‎“The farmers’ home”,a public building,　5　 the venue (聚集地点) for a branch of the Sheyang Farmers Painting Institute. ‎ The institute is a government 　6　 cultural organization in Sheyang County,in the north of Jiangsu Province,east China. ‎ Zhuang works at the 　7　 part time,and each year he 　8　 up to ten paintings,which are then 　9　 by the local government. ‎ He　10　 around 5,000 yuan — that’s about 740 US dollars — a year by doing this 　11　. ‎ As well as earning himself some money,Zhuang says the job gives him an opportunity to　12　 his views of life to his fellow countrymen,　13　 the elderly. ‎ ‎ “This painting is about a nursing home.We now live in a(n)　14　 society.We can no longer 　15　　the traditional way of taking care of our elderly just with our children doing it.　16　,professional nursing homes are 　17　 for elderly people’s welfare. ‎ ‎ “In this painting,I described a 　18　 of young people celebrating the birthday of a senior citizen.The 　19　 I want to convey is that life in one’s later years can still be happy.And all of my paintings are like this one — based on our 　20　 lives.” ‎ ‎【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。63岁的老人退休后在政府资助的“农民之家”教村民作画,他的画作内容反映了中国老龄化社会的养老场景,传达了老人也可以快乐生活的思想。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1.A.smart B.famous C.strict D.retired 答案D 解析由上文中的“Sixty-three-year-old”和下文中的pensioner可知,庄国荣是一位“退休的(retired)”小学美术老师。‎ ‎2.A.painting B.writing C.farming D.designing 答案A 解析由上文中的art teacher以及下文的描述可知,庄国荣的“绘画(painting)”生涯超过40年。‎ ‎3.A.ask B.teach C.examine D.answer 答案B 解析由文中的描述可知,庄国荣去陈洋社区的“农民之家”作画或“教(teach)”其他村民如何“画画(draw)”。‎ ‎4.A.exercise B.communicate C.learn D.draw 答案D 解析见上题解析。‎ ‎5.A.belongs to B.looks like C.serves as D.stands for 答案C 解析由上下文的描述可知,“农民之家”“充当(serves as)”射阳农民绘画机构的一个分支点。‎ ‎6.A.decorated B.supported C.controlled D.reported 答案B 解析该机构是由政府“支持(supported)”的文化组织。‎ ‎7.A.school B.office C.village D.institute 答案D 解析由上文中的“Sheyang Farmers Painting Institute”和“The institute is a government...cultural organization”可知,庄国荣在该“机构(institute)”兼职。‎ ‎8.A.creates B.collects C.copies D.exhibits 答案A 解析由该空后的ten paintings可知,他每年“创作(creates)”的画作多达十幅。‎ ‎9.A.published B.put up C.bought D.handed in 答案C 解析由下文中的5,000 yuan可知,这些画作被当地政府“购买(bought)”了。‎ ‎10.A.charges B.makes C.spends D.donates 答案B 解析由文中的“5,000 yuan”,“about 740 US dollars”以及下文中的“earning himself some money”可知,他做这份“工作(work)”每年能“挣(makes)”大概五千元。‎ ‎11.A.test B.talking C.work D.research 答案C 解析见上题解析。‎ ‎12.A.give B.offer C.send D.express 答案D 解析由文中的“his views of life to his fellow countrymen”可知,不仅能挣钱,这份工作还给了庄国荣一次机会向他的老乡们“表达(express)”他对生活的看法,“尤其是(especially)”告诉老人们该如何生活。‎ ‎13.A.especially B.similarly C.equally D.generally 答案A 解析见上题解析。‎ ‎14.A.free B.open C.ageing D.technological 答案C 解析由下文中的“taking care of our elderly”可知,我们生活在一个“老龄化的(ageing)”社会。‎ ‎15.A.ask for B.rely on C.think of D.turn down 答案B 解析我们不能只“依靠(rely on)”传统的方法来照顾老人,即只依靠孩子们来赡养老人。‎ ‎16.A.However B.Instead C.Besides D.Therefore 答案D 解析上下文之间表示因果关系,故用“因此(Therefore)”。‎ ‎17.A.important B.practical C.difficult D.unusual 答案A 解析由文中的描述可知,专业的养老院对于改善老人的福利是“很重要的(important)”。‎ ‎18.A.dream B.story C.scene D.photo 答案C 解析由下文中的“young people celebrating the birthday of a senior citizen”可知,这是庄国荣描绘的一幅“场景(scene)”。‎ ‎19.A.example B.message C.experience D.topic 答案B 解析由下文中的“want to convey is that life in one’s later years can still be happy”可知,庄国荣想要传递的“信息(message)”是“老年生活依然可以是快乐的”。‎ ‎20.A.real B.different C.normal D.sad 答案A 解析由文中的描述可知,庄国荣的画作都是基于“真实的(real)”生活而创作的。‎ 三、短文改错 I took a short flight the other day and offered an in-flight sandwich,which I took,known I wouldn’t eat it because it contained meat.I took it thinking that late that day I might come across a homeless person,for who this sandwich might be his only meal.Then I do find a homeless man with his dog Bella by a chance.After opening the sandwich,he shared half with Bella.Seeing he ate it hungry,I emptied our bag of all the treats and food I had.I also went to a store to buying him a large cup of coffee.Kind is such a simple thing for us to do,yet for the receiver,it can be life-changing.‎ 答案 第一句:offered前加was;known→knowing 第二句:late→later;who→whom 第三句:do→did;去掉第二个a 第五句:hungry→hungrily;our→my 第六句:buying→buy 第七句:Kind→Kindness