上海市青浦区2020届高三二模考试英语试题 Word版含解析 38页

www.ks5u.com 青浦区 2019 学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试 英语学科 试卷 ‎(时间 120 分钟，满分 140 分)‎ 考生注意:‎ ‎1. 本试卷共 14 页。‎ ‎2. 答题前，考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。‎ ‎3. 答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。‎ I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. $200. B. $250. C. $300. D. $350.‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: This room is fantastic. How much is the rent?‎ M: It’s $250 a month unfurnished or $300 furnished. Utilities are 50 extra.‎ Q: How much will it cost the man to rent a furnished room including utilities?‎ ‎2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. In July. B. In August. C. In September. D. In October.‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】M: Hey, Mandy, aren’t you and Jeff going to Korea in July?‎ - 38 -‎ W: We had thought to go there in August, but the travel agency gave us a discount if we go there in October.‎ Q: When will Mandy probably go to Korea?‎ ‎3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. The woman needs to see the doctor. B. The woman should pretend to be a patient.‎ C. The woman needs to put in extra efforts. D. The woman should take magic tablets.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: Do you have some magic tablets? I have an exam to pass tomorrow.‎ M: In such an emergency, you need injections.‎ Q: What does the man mean?‎ ‎4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. Mechanic and customer. B. Advertiser and designer.‎ C. Advertising agent and client. D. Manager and salesperson.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: Excuse me. I’d like to place an advertisement for a used car in your paper.‎ M: OK, but you have to run your advertisement all week.‎ Q: What is the relationship between the two speakers?‎ ‎5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. She can’t make herself understood when whispering.‎ B. She’d better avoid speaking even in a low voice.‎ C. She will probably go to see a doctor.‎ D. She has refused to take medicine.‎ - 38 -‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: Emily’s voice sounds awful. I could barely hear her.‎ M: Yes. She’s got a terrible sore throat. The doctor said she shouldn’t even attempt to whisper. ‎ Q: What can we learn about Emily from the conversation?‎ ‎6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. It is full of nonsense. B. It is appealing to him.‎ C. It should be lent to more people. D. It can hardly arouse the woman’s interest.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: I wasn’t sure whether the book I lent you was the kind you would have any interest in.‎ M: Nonsense. I can hardly tear myself away from it.‎ Q: What does the man think of the book?‎ ‎7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. The lecture was very successful. B. She felt thirsty at the lecture.‎ C. The students were not polite at the lecture. D. The young people have great wisdom.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: How did the lecture go?‎ W: Oh, you should have seen those young people. Thirsty for knowledge, drinking in my wisdom. ‎ Q: What does the woman mean?‎ ‎8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ - 38 -‎ A. The woman is now working in a kindergarten.‎ B. The man will soon start a business of his own.‎ C. The man would like to be a high school teacher.‎ D. The woman is going to major in child education.‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: After high school, I’d like to go to college and major in business administration.‎ W: But I’d rather spend my college days finding out how children learn.‎ Q: What do we learn from the conversation?‎ ‎9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. They have forgot to change their cars. B. The woman’s car has run out of electricity.‎ C. The man is good at telling jokes. D. The park is within five minutes’ walk.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: Walk to the park? You must be kidding! It takes only five minutes to drive there.‎ W: If I had remembered to charge my car.‎ Q: What can be learned from the conversation?‎ ‎10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. She would like to have the typewriter removed.‎ B. Someone else may need the typewriter.‎ C. She does not like the spare desk.‎ D. The office is dusty and old.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ - 38 -‎ ‎【原文】M: This old typewriter has been sitting on the spare desk all semester. It’s just gathering dust from what I can see.‎ W: We’d better ask someone to get rid of it so that we can use this space. ‎ Q: What does the woman mean?‎ Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ Questions are based on the following passage.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎11. ‎ A. Bank clerk. B. Restaurant servant.‎ C. Baby sitter. D. Campus gardener.‎ ‎12. ‎ A. Write a sound resume. B. Select appropriate courses.‎ C. Arrange their work schedules. D. Improve their interviewing techniques.‎ ‎13. ‎ A. To inform students of a university program.‎ B. To interest students in a career in counseling.‎ C. To get counselors to work in the placement office.‎ D. To convince local organizations to hire college students.‎ ‎【答案】11. C 12. D 13. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】As a result of rising university costs, many students are finding it necessary to take on part- time jobs. To make finding those jobs easier, the placement services put together a listing of what’s available locally. For some students, these - 38 -‎ ‎ part-time jobs could lead to full time work after graduation, as they may offer experience in their own fields, whether it is finance, marketing or even management.‎ For example, National Saving Bank offers a job on a half time basis. That’s twenty hours a week. Stores and restaurants have positions requiring fewer hours. Even less time is expected of those providing child-care. We have a number of families registered with us who were looking for baby sitters for as few as 4 hours a week. For students who prefer outdoor work, there are seasonal positions right on campus, working with the gardening and landscaping teams. These often require the most time and are the least flexible in terms of scheduling.‎ To see a complete list of these and other available jobs, including the salary offered and the hours required, stop by our office. Oh, and be sure to bring a resume with you. When you find something that interests you, we’ll put you in touch with the person offering it. In addition, our counselors will give you hints about successful interviewing.‎ Questions:‎ Which of the following position requires the fewest working hours?‎ What will the counselors at the office help students do?‎ What is the purpose of the speech?‎ Questions are based on the following passage.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎14. ‎ A. To find out what happened to the atmosphere and water of our planet.‎ B. To explore what occurred to the natural environment on Mars.‎ C. To confirm that Mars has a much thicker atmosphere now.‎ D. To have access to an orbit to circle around the Red Planet.‎ ‎15. ‎ A. Robots that can operate on batteries.‎ B. Robots that are less expensive to build.‎ C. Robots that can run quickly on four legs.‎ D. Robots that have greater load capacity.‎ - 38 -‎ ‎16. ‎ A. Its influence on U.S. movies and TV shows.‎ B. Its tough demands on overseas students.‎ C. Its attempt to spread American culture.‎ D. Its exclusion of American values.‎ ‎【答案】14. B 15. D 16. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】This is Radiolab. Here are the short news items.‎ In September, the U.S. scientific satellite MAVEN entered an orbit around Mars, with the mission of learning what happened on the Red Planet’s atmosphere and water. MAVEN’s principal investigator Bruce Jakosky says scientists now know that Mars once had a much denser atmosphere and that it has changed significantly over the last few billion years. What they still don’t know is how and why that happened.‎ Scientists have been experimenting with four-legged robots for years, trying to see if they could be used as pack animals for carrying heavy loads over a difficult terrain. But the machine’s power requirements limited their potential. That’s changed, with a running robot designed by a group of engineers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology that operates on batteries rather than heavy gasoline-powered engines.‎ People often blame Hollywood movies, U.S. television shows and fast food for spreading American culture around the world. But a college entrance exam? Some people are criticizing planned changes to the Scholastic Aptitude Test, or SAT, as an attempt to spread American values to students overseas. Since 2016, the SAT has required test-takers to read from parts of the U.S. Constitution, the Declaration of Independence or other historical documents.‎ Questions:‎ Why was scientific satellite MAVEN sent to space?‎ What is scientists’ latest research on robots?‎ What is the SAT accused of?‎ Questions are based on the following passage.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ - 38 -‎ ‎17. ‎ A. He feels lonely living all by himself.‎ B. He finds it hard to afford the rent all by himself.‎ C. He wants to get help with his courses from his roommate.‎ D. He need to find somebody to make the apartment more comfortable.‎ ‎18. ‎ A. The fridge is broken by a heavy box.‎ B. The carpet in the living room is old and dirty.‎ C. The toilet is blocked and the sink has a few leaks.‎ D. The windows in the bathroom can keep the heat up.‎ ‎19. ‎ A. Attractive price. B. Convenient location.‎ C. Relaxing atmosphere. D. Furnished bedroom.‎ ‎20. ‎ A. Offer a loan to the man. B. Find a job for the man.‎ C. Help the man fix up the house. D. Look for another place.‎ ‎【答案】17. B 18. B 19. A 20. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: Hi, Catherine. Come on in.‎ W: Uh, yeah, I stopped by to see if you were still looking for a roommate to share your house.‎ M: Yep, I sure am. Ever since I reduce on my working hours to go to school, I have been really short on cash. Hey, let me show you around the place. Uh, here’s the living room.‎ W: Oh, It looks like you could use a new carpet…and those stains?‎ M: Well. I’ve had a few problems with some former roommates. I know it needs to be cleaned, but I just don’t have the money to do it right now.‎ W: Oh. And what about the kitchen?‎ M: Right this way. Look. It’s completely furnished with all the latest appliances - 38 -‎ ‎ except…Well, the refrigerator door is broken…a little bit…and it won’t shut all the way. It needs fixing, but don’t worry. I’ve pushed a box against it to keep it shut.‎ W: Hmm. Great. Well, how about the bathroom? No, no. Don’t tell me. The toilet is blocked or the sink has a few leaks.‎ M: No, those work well. Well, there’s another slight problem — the windows. I’ve put up a piece of cardboard to keep out the rain and snow, and if it gets a little cold, you can always turn up the heat.‎ W: Hey, I think I’ve seen enough. I can’t believe you’ve survived under these conditions.‎ M: So what do you think? You really can’t beat a place like this for $450 a month. So it has its problems, but we can fix those.‎ W: Oh, no, thank you. I think I will pass.‎ Questions:‎ Why does the man need to share his apartment with a roommate?‎ Which of the following statements is true about the man’s house?‎ What advantage does the man think his apartment has?‎ What will the woman probably do after she has seen the place?‎ II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ Luxembourg makes all public transport free One square meter Luxembourg makes all public transport free. With a population of 602,000, Luxembourg is one of Europe’s ___21___ (small) countries - yet it suffers from major traffic jams. But that could be about to change. As of March 1, 2020 all public transport - trains, trams and buses - in the country is now free. The government hopes the move ___22___ (ease) heavy crowding and bring environmental benefits.‎ Tiny country, big traffic ___23___ (landlock) Luxembourg which is surrounded ‎ - 38 -‎ by three countries is one of the richest countries in Europe. ___24___ (take) up 2,586 square kilometers, Luxembourg is roughly the size of Rhode Island. From the capital of Luxembourg City, Belgium, France and Germany ___25___ all be reached by car in half an hour.‎ High housing costs, especially in Luxembourg City, mean more than 180,000 of the country’s workforce make regular journeys from those neighboring countries every day. Luxembourg is a very attractive place for jobs. But ___26___ “booming economy” and high concentration of jobs have led to crowding issues.‎ In 2016, Luxembourg had 662 cars per 1,000 people, and driving is a “primary means of transportation” for people. That year, drivers in Luxembourg City spent an average of 33 hours in traffic jams. It fared worse than European cities Copenhagen and Helsinki, ___27___ have comparable population sizes to all of Luxembourg - yet drivers in both only spent an average of 24 hours in traffic. Park and rides around Luxembourg’s borders in the three neighboring countries, however, will encourage commuters to use free mass transit.‎ Free transport for all Luxembourg’s public transport system covers the whole country and costs $562 million per year to run. The government is putting up the cost of it free so that the people can benefit from the good economy. People still hold the concern ___28___making transport free may unintentionally prevent people who would normally walk or cycle in urban areas. ___29___walking 500 meters, people see a bus coming and they say, “we can get on and travel 500 meters ____30____it’s free”.However, the new scheme can signal important changes ahead when it comes to Luxembourg’s reliance on driving.‎ The government might say, “It’s important that you throw away your car, and look, we made public transport free” - and maybe this is helpful given the enormous cultural shift we need.”‎ ‎【答案】21. smallest ‎ ‎22. will ease ‎ ‎23. landlocked ‎ ‎24. Taking 25. can ‎ - 38 -‎ ‎26. its 27. which ‎ ‎28. that 29. Instead of ‎ ‎30. because/ since / as ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为缓解日益加剧的交通拥挤问题。卢森堡成为全球首个乘坐公共交通免费的国家。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查形容词最高级。句意：卢森堡有60.2万人口，是欧洲最小的国家之一，但它却饱受严重的交通堵塞之苦。分析句子，small所处的句子中有one of (其中之一)，要求形容词用最高级。故填smallest。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意：政府希望此举能缓解过度拥挤并带来环境效益。分析句子，ease所在的从句无其他动词，故要填时态。且和主语 the move表示主动关系。主句表示“政府的希望”，说明从句的动词还未发生。所用用将来时。故填will ease。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查形容词。分析句子，此处需将landlock改为形容词，用来修饰后面的名词“卢森堡”。landlocked译为“被陆地包围的，内陆的”。故填landlocked。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：卢森堡占地2586平方公里，大致相当于罗德岛的面积。分析句子，Take up的逻辑主语为后句的Luxembourg。两者之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填Taking。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查情态动词。句意：从卢森堡的首都，比利时，法国和德国都可以在半小时内到达。分析句子，划线后面的be动词用了原形。且根据句意，此处少了表示“能够”之意的情态动词。又因文章的时态是一般现在时。故填can。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：但其“蓬勃发展的经济”和工作的高度集中导致了拥挤问题。分析句意，此处缺了代词指代前句提到了“卢森堡”。又因划线后面有名词---经济。故需填形容词性物主代词。故填its。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ - 38 -‎ 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：欧洲城市哥本哈根和赫尔辛基的人口规模堪比整个卢森堡，但这两个城市的司机平均只花了24小时在路上。分析句子，划线部分充当了主语。且前面有“逗号”。故该空需填入非限制性定语从句的关系词。“非限”的先行词为“哥本哈根和赫尔辛基”，先行词指物。故填which。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查同位语从句。句意：人们仍然担心免费交通可能会无意中阻止人们在城市地区正常步行或骑自行车。分析句子，划线后面的句子为主句抽象名词concern的内容，故从句为同位语从句。且此处不缺成分，句意完整。故填that。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：人们不会走500米距离，看到一辆公交车开过来，他们会说，这段路我可以搭公交，因为公交免费。根据句意可知，并此处表示instead of“而不是，代替”。故填Instead of。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：人们不会走500米的距离，看到一辆公交车开过来，他们会说，这段路我可以搭公交，因为公交免费。分析句意可知，本句为because/ since / as引导的原因状语从句。故填because/ since / as。‎ Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ At the Oscars, Parasite Makes Best Picture History At Sunday’s Oscars, on a night when almost everything went as planned and as usual, the one true surprise came in the biggest moment of all.‎ For the first time ever, a film in a foreign language won Best Picture when Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite, a comedy-drama-thriller about class and secrets, took the big prize. Bong also won the awards for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. He___31___ three warm and generous speeches, including one when he won for his directing and thanked fellow nominees (被提名的人) Martin Scorsese and Quentin ‎ - 38 -‎ Tarantino for inspiring him and contributing to the progress of his career, ___32___.‎ And, while he gave most of his speeches in Korean with interpreter Sharon Choi, when he won the first one, he stopped and noted in English: “This is very first Oscar to South Korea.” The affection in the room for the film was___33___ every time it was mentioned, as well as in its great competition of award. The evening began three and a half hours earlier with a(n) ___34___ of the old and the new: the kind of themed singing-dancing number that used to be the___35___ Oscars opening, but in the absence of a traditional host, it was performed by the thoroughly modern Janelle Monáe. A version of her own song Come Alive was___36___ by dancers dressed in costumes showing respect to black filmmakers. The speech that followed, however, was much more___37___ and unpleasant, despite the best efforts of Chris Rock and Steve Martin, the latter of whom___38___ blew the name of best actress nominee Cynthia Erivo.‎ The awards in general have been heavily criticized for how white the nominees are, the failure to nominate any women directors in a year when several made highly regarded films, and plenty of other lack of inclusivity. The Academy’s___39___ with that criticism seemed evident: There may not have been a lot of performers of color among the nominees, but there were a lot among the presenters and speakers and performers. Several presenters made mention of the_____40_____ at issue, which is the kind of thing that happens when people are placed in a situation they don’t want to ignore but also aren’t there to challenge too much.‎ ‎【答案】31. G 32. F ‎ ‎33. K 34. A ‎ ‎35. H 36. J ‎ ‎37. C 38. B ‎ ‎39. D 40. I ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了在92届奥斯卡颁奖典礼上，韩国电影《寄生虫》获得最佳影片，创造了历史。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ - 38 -‎ 考查动词。句意：他发表了三次热情洋溢的演讲，其中一次是他因导演而获奖，并分别感谢另外两名提名者马丁·斯科塞斯和昆汀·塔伦蒂诺对他的激励以及为他事业的进步做出的贡献。此处缺少动词作谓语，根据“three warm and generous speeches”可知此处表示“发表（演讲）”，故填G。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意同上，此处缺少副词在句中作状语，根据“thanked fellow nominees Martin Scorsese and Quentin Tarantino for inspiring him and contributing to the progress of his career”可知此处表示“分别地”，故填F。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：每每提到这部电影，人们对它的喜爱都是显而易见的，它在激烈的奖项竞争中亦是如此。此处缺少形容词作表语，根据上文中的“For the first time ever, a film in a foreign language won Best Picture when Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite, a comedy-drama-thriller about class and secrets, took the big prize. Bong also won the awards for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay.”可知，《寄生虫》获得了奥斯卡最佳外语片、最佳导演和最佳原创剧本等三项大奖，因此人们对这部影片的喜爱是显而易见的，故填K。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：颁奖典礼在三个半小时前就开始了，以一种新老结合的形式：这种以唱歌跳舞为主题的表演，过去是奥斯卡颁奖典礼的典型开场，但在没有传统主持人的情况下，由完全现代的加奈尔·莫奈表演。作介词with的宾语用名词，根据“of the old and the new”可知此处表示“结合”，故填A。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词Oscars opening用形容词，根据“the kind of themed singing-dancing number that used to be”可知此处表示“典型的”，故填H。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：她演唱歌曲《动起来》时，身着服装的舞者为她伴舞，表达对黑人电影制作人的敬意。根据空前的“was”及空后的“by”可知用的是被动语态，此处需要填过去分词，根据“by dancers dressed in costumes”可知此处表示“伴唱、伴舞”，故填J。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ - 38 -‎ 考查形容词。句意：尽管克里斯·洛克和史蒂夫·马丁尽了最大努力，但接下来的演讲却令人更加尴尬和不快。此处缺少形容词作表语，根据“unpleasant”可知此处表示“令人尴尬的”，故填C。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：遗憾的是，后者（史蒂夫·马丁）的演讲让获得最佳女演员提名的辛西娅·埃里沃名落孙山。修饰动词blew用副词，根据“blew the name of best actress nominee Cynthia Erivo”可知此处表示“遗憾地”，故填B。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：电影学院对这种批评的不适似乎是显而易见的：在被提名者中的有色人种寥寥无几，但在颁奖者、演讲者和表演者中却有很多。此处缺少名词作主语，根据“with that criticism seemed evident: There may not have been a lot of performers of color among the nominees, but there were a lot among the presenters and speakers and performers.”可知此处表示“不适”，故填D。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：几位演讲者提到了问题的局限性，即当人们被置于一种他们不想忽视但又不能挑战太多的时候，就会发生这种情况。作动词短语made mention of的宾语用名词，根据“which is the kind of thing that happens when people are placed in a situation they don’t want to ignore but also aren’t there to challenge too much.”可知此处表示“局限性”，故填I。‎ III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ Facial-Recognition Technology Cannot Read Emotions Do not believe claims that facial-recognition technology can accurately identify people’s emotions, advised several scientists at the 2020 AAAS Annual Meeting in Seattle.‎ Such claims that a photo of a face can be easily___41___are based on a flawed theory that we smile when we are happy and scowl (沉下脸) when angry, said Professor Aleix Martinez. “There’s no way that technology will ever be able to detect___42___ that you’re experiencing following that approach,” Martinez said.‎ Research shows that, on average, people scowl only 30% of the time that they are - 38 -‎ ‎ angry, said Lisa Feldman Barrett, professor of psychology at Northeastern University. The rest of the time, they make other faces when they are angry, she said.___43___, people may scowl for other reasons — “when they’re concentrating, when someone tells them a bad joke,” she said. “Any AI that is claiming to detect a scowl and interpreting it as anger has some real___44___.”‎ So much goes into communicating our emotions beyond our___45___ movements. Other factors involving little use of language include our body pose, body movement and hormone responses like those that cause one’s face to go red from embarrassment or___46___, said Martinez.‎ Martinez offered an example of the importance of having enough information. For instance, when he showed people a photo of a ____47____ man with his mouth wide open and his eyes nearly closed, most thought the man was extremely angry, his research showed. Yet anyone viewing the context — that the subject was a soccer player — could____48____ that he was displaying excitement while celebrating a goal.‎ A mistake like this may not matter much, but so-called emotion-recognition technology has a larger reach. The technology’s ____49____ to incorporate facial movements could have serious, even dangerous outcomes, said Martinez. AI is sometimes used in classrooms, in the judicial (司法的) system and in hiring for jobs, he noted. Many of these systems learn from U.S. and European data _______50_______ by white people. Such inputs could negatively impact, for instance, the hiring of candidates of other races, Martinez said. “I think we have to take seriously the_______51_______ in which this AI is being used,” said Barrett.‎ Seth Pollak, professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, shared research about the______52______ of our ability to understand facial expressions and emotions. For several decades, scientists thought that infants arrived into the world with a little understanding about emotions, Pollak said. To the contrary, babies do not express______53______ emotions. They have a distress system that broadcasts whether they are OK or not. Children learn about emotions beyond good or bad, and research shows that even with incredibly brief levels of exposure to contextual information, very young children start to change how they______54______‎ - 38 -‎ ‎ their inferences about other people’s emotions. “Human brains are actually able to______55______ patterns and make inferences about what might be happening at a sophisticated computational level with actually very little experience.” he said.‎ ‎41. A. recognized B. interpreted C. noticed D. realized ‎42. A. emotions B. experiences C. incidents D. impacts ‎43. A. Therefore B. However C. Anyway D. Additionally ‎44. A. outlooks B. problems C. results D. mysteries ‎45. A. body B. brain C. facial D. gesture ‎46. A. disappointment B. unemotionality C. excitement D. shock ‎47. A. red-faced B. long-eyed C. round-shouldered D. short-haired ‎48. A. propose B. ensure C. indicate D. infer ‎49. A. failure B. capability C. fight D. initiative ‎50. A. dominated B. calculated C. concluded D. preserved ‎51. A. approach B. direction C. context D. contest ‎52. A. varieties B. differences C. resources D. origins ‎53. A. specific B. internal C. strong D. uncomfortable ‎54. A. pick B. categorize C. express D. expect ‎55. A. take out B. bring out C. carry out D. figure out ‎【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. A 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是说明文。研究表明面部识别技术无法准确地读取人的情绪。‎ - 38 -‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿莱克斯·马丁内斯教授说，这种声称可以轻松解释一张脸部照片的说法是基于一种有缺陷的理论的，即当我们感到高兴时就会微笑，而在生气时会皱着眉头。A. recognized公认；B. interpreted解释；C. noticed注意到；D. realized 实现，意识到。由上文的“identify people’s emotions”可知，面部识别技术“解读”人的情绪。故选B。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马丁内斯说：“采用这种方法，技术永远无法检测到你正在经历的情绪。”A. emotions情绪；B. experiences经历；C. incidents事件；D. impacts影响。由上文的“identify people’s emotions”可知，面部识别技术解读人的“情绪”。故选A。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：另外，人们可能会因为其他原因而皱眉：“当他们专心时，当有人给他们讲恶作剧的时候”，她说。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Anyway无论如何；D. Additionally另外。前后两句话的内容在逻辑关系上是递进的，前面讲生气时并不都是皱眉头，后面讲人们出于其他的原因也会皱眉。故选D。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：任何声称发现皱眉并将其解释为愤怒的人工智能技术都存在一些实际问题。A. outlooks观点，见解；B. problems问题；C. results结果；D. mysteries未解之谜。由上一题的分析可知，人在皱眉时未必是生气的。因此，人工智能技术将皱眉解释为愤怒是存在问题的。故选B。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查名词及形容词词义辨析。句意：除了面部动作以外，交流情感的方法也很多。A. body身体；B. brain脑；C. facial面部的；D. gesture姿势。下文提到的身体姿势，身体运动和激素反应的因素并不是前文提到的“面部”表情的变化。故选C。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马丁内斯说，其他很少使用语言的因素包括我们的身体姿势，身体运动和激素反应，例如使人的脸由于尴尬或兴奋而发红的因素。A. disappointment失望；B. unemotionality冷漠；C. excitement激动；D. shock震惊。下文提到的例子中对excitement这个因素进行了说明，这个词在下一段中是同词复现。故选C。‎ - 38 -‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，他的研究显示，当他向人们展示一张红脸的男人的照片时，照片中的人嘴大张着并几乎闭着眼睛，大多数人认为这名男子非常生气。A. red-faced红脸的；B. long-eyed长眼的；C. round-shouldered 曲背的；D. short-haired 短发的。上一段中提到了导致脸色变红的因素，此处是在举例分析说明脸红并不能够肯定这个人在生气。故选A。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，任何看过此照片的人（照片中的人是足球运动员）都可以推断出他是在庆祝进球时表现出了兴奋。A. propose提出；B. ensure确保；C. indicate表明；D. infer推断。此处表示人看着照片进行推断的结果和人工智能技术的判断是不同的。故选D。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马丁内斯说，这项技术将面部动作与人的情绪结合起来的功能可能会导致严重甚至危险的后果。A. failure失败；B. capability能力；C. fight斗争；D. initiative倡议。前文提到过“facial-recognition technology can accurately identify people’s emotions(面部识别技术可能够准确识别人们的情绪)”的说法。故选B。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中许多系统都是从白人主导的美国和欧洲的数据做出推断。 A. dominated占主导地位；B. calculated计算；C. concluded推断出；D. preserved保护，保留。下文提到“这样的数据输入可能会对雇用其他种族的候选人产生负面影响”，因此人工智能技术的数据采集是以白人为基础的，即白人提供了占据主导地位的数据。故选A。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我认为我们必须认真考虑使用这种人工智能技术的环境”，Barrett说。A. approach方法；B. direction方向；C. context语境，环境；D. contest测试。由上文的分析可知，人工智能技术的使用必须注意使用的场合和环境。context这个词在上一段中出现了。故选C。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的心理学教授Seth Pollak分享了有关我们理解面部表情和情绪之间关系的能力来源的研究。A. varieties品种；B. differences差异；C. resources资源；D.‎ - 38 -‎ ‎ origins起源。下文提到的是理解面部表情和情绪之间关系的能力来源的例子。故选D。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，婴儿不表达特定的情感。A. specific具体的；B. internal内部的；C. strong强大的；D. uncomfortable不舒服的。他们有一个呼救系统，可以表明他们是否处于好的状态中。因此，孩子们并不表露出具体特定的感受，只是宏观上的好与坏。故选A。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，即使是在极其短暂的接触背景信息的情况下，非常年幼的孩子也开始改变他们对他人情绪进行推断的分类方式。A. pick挑选；B. categorize分类；C. express表达；D. expect期望。由前文的“Children learn about emotions beyond good or bad(孩子们了解他人的情绪不仅仅是好或坏而已)”可知，此处表示孩子对他人的感受做出区别判断，即分类（categorize）。故选B。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：人类大脑实际上能够在一个复杂的计算水平上在没有什么实际经验的情况下找出思维模式，并对可能发生的事情做出推断。A. take out去除，带……出去（吃饭、看电影等）；B. bring out生产，出版；C. carry out执行；D. figure out想出，理解，弄清楚。大脑在做出推断之前需要弄清楚模式，选择figure out合乎语意。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第11小题考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我认为我们必须认真考虑使用这种人工智能技术的环境”，Barrett说。A. approach方法；B. direction方向；C. context语境，环境；D. contest测试。由上文的分析可知，人工智能技术的使用必须注意使用的场合和环境。context这个词在上一段中出现了。故选C。‎ Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎(A)‎ ‎　Suddenly Uncle Henry stood up. “There’s a cyclone coming, Em,” he called to his wife. “I’ll go look after the stock.” Then he ran toward the sheds where the cows - 38 -‎ ‎ and horses were kept.‎ Aunt Em dropped her work and came to the door. One glance told her of the danger close at hand. “Quick, Dorothy!” she screamed. “Run for the cellar!” Toto jumped out of Dorothy’s arms and hid under the bed, and the girl started to get him. Aunt Em, badly frightened, threw open the trap door in the floor and climbed down the ladder into the small, dark hole. Dorothy caught Toto at last and started to follow her aunt. When she was halfway across the room there came a great roar from the wind, and the house shook so hard that she lost her footing and sat down suddenly upon the floor.‎ Then a strange thing happened. The house circled around two or three times and rose slowly through the air. Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon. It was very dark, and the wind blew horribly around her, but Dorothy found she was riding quite easily. After the first few twists and turns, and one other time when the house tipped badly, she felt as if she were being rocked gently, like a baby in a cradle (摇篮). Toto did not like it. He ran about the room, now here, now there, barking loudly; but Dorothy sat quite still on the floor and waited to see what would happen.‎ At last she crawled over the swinging floor to her bed, and lay down upon it; and Toto followed and lay down beside her. In spite of the swinging of the house and the crying of the wind, Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep.‎ ‎56. What does the underlined word “cyclone” in paragraph 1 probably mean?‎ A. deadline B. flood C. monster D. tornado ‎57. Why did Aunt Em go into the hole in the floor when the cyclone approached?‎ A. To find the puppy Toto. B. To find shelter from the cyclone.‎ C. To protect their fortune. D. To get tools to help Henry.‎ ‎58. Which of the following is True about Dorothy?‎ A. She managed to control the house. B. She found herself flying in a balloon.‎ C She turned baby crying loudly. D. She remained undisturbed with Toto.‎ ‎59. Which words can be used to describe Dorothy in the emergency?‎ - 38 -‎ A. Afraid and brave. B. Curious and tired.‎ C. Flexible and calm. D. Excited and thrilled.‎ ‎【答案】56. D 57. B 58. D 59. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了当风暴来临时一家人对风暴不同的反应。Em姨妈快速地寻找庇护所，Henry急忙去看家畜而Dorothy并没有慌张而是灵活镇定地应对这场风暴。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第二段和第三段中提到的“the wind”以及第三段中的“the house tipped badly, she felt as if she were being rocked gently, like a baby in a cradle.”可知，房屋严重倾斜以及Dorothy觉得自己好像被轻轻摇动了，就像摇篮里的婴儿一样，这是风暴导致的结果，因此划线词指的是tornado（风暴，旋风）。故选D。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Aunt Em, badly frightened, threw open the trap door in the floor and climbed down the ladder into the small, dark hole.”可知，Em姨妈吓坏了，把地板上的活板门打开了，顺着梯子爬进了一个小黑洞中。由此可知，旋风接近时， Em姨妈钻进地板下面的洞中是为了在风暴来临时寻找庇护所。故选B。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段“At last she crawled over the swinging floor to her bed, and lay down upon it; and Toto followed and lay down beside her. In spite of the swinging of the house and the crying of the wind, Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep.”可知，最后，她爬过摆动的地板到了床上。Toto跟着她在旁边躺下。尽管房子在摇晃，风声很大，但Dorothy很快还是闭上了眼睛睡着了。由此可知，Dorothy和Toto并没有受到打扰。故选D。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由上一题的分析可知，Dorothy在风暴来临后，并没有慌张而是灵活镇定地应对这场风暴。因此C项能够描述Dorothy。故选C。‎ ‎(B)‎ The Apollo Missions - 38 -‎ ‎“That's one small step for a man. One giant leap for mankind.”‎ ‎— Neil Armstrong Apollo’s Goals The national effort that enabled Astronaut Neil Armstrong to speak those words as he stepped onto the lunar surface fulfilled a dream as old as humanity. Project Apollo’s goals went beyond landing Americans on the moon and returning them safely to Earth.‎ Apollo 13‎ Apollo 13 has been called a “successful failure,” because the crew never landed on the Moon, but they made it home safely after an explosion crippled their ship. When the associated heater was turned on during flight, the tank exploded depleting almost all of the power from the command module and forcing the crew to use the lunar module as a lifeboat. Jim Lovell, Fred Haise and Jack Swigert came home safely thanks to the mission control team’s improvised procedures and their own ability to implement them.(Launch: April 11, 1970; splashdown: April 17)‎ Apollo 14‎ - 38 -‎ Notable for the return of America’s first astronaut, Alan Shepard, to space, Apollo 14 also was probably the smoothest lunar landing to that point. The crew spent more than nine hours outside the lunar module and set up a number of experiments. Shepard set a new distance record by walking more than 9,000 feet on the lunar surface, pulling a hand cart to carry their tools and samples.(Launch: Jan. 31, 1971: lunar landing: Feb. 5: splashdown, Feb. 9)‎ Apollo 15‎ For the first time, humans drove a car on the Moon. The first of the Apollo “J” Missions-designed for longer stays on the Moon - the mission carried a lunar rover, which Commander David Scott and Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin used while they were on the surface for more than I8 hours. They traveled more than 17 miles in the rover, setting up experiments and collecting 170 pounds of samples. Before leaving the lunar surface, Scott conducted an experiment to test Galileo’s theory that objects in vacuum, without air resistance, would fall at the same rate. He dropped a geological hammer and a feather, which hit the ground at the same time, proving Galileo right.(Launch: July 26, 1971, lunar landing: July 30: splashdown: Aug. 7)‎ ‎60. Why has Apollo 13 been called a “successful failure”?‎ A. Apollo 13 finally exploded as planned in space.‎ B. All the crew succeeded in landing on the Moon.‎ C. The crew managed to escape from a severe accident and returned to Earth.‎ D. The crew finished the experiment although they failed to land on the Moon.‎ ‎61. Which of the following is True according to the passage?‎ A. It took five days for Apollo 14 to reach the Moon.‎ B. The lunar rover was used as a lifeboat for space travel.‎ C. Shepard tested Galileo’s theory successfully on the Moon.‎ D. Apollo 15 remained in space for the shortest period of time.‎ - 38 -‎ ‎62. Which of the following column is this article most likely to be found?‎ A. Booming Science B. Exploring the Unknown C. Mechanical World D. Transforming Moon ‎【答案】60. C 61. A 62. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章简要地讲述了，阿波罗登月计划任务的目标及阿波罗的几次太空登月任务。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由题干关键词successful failure可将答案定位于第三段。由第三段第一句“Apollo 13 has been called a “successful failure,” because the crew never landed on the Moon, but they made it home safely after an explosion crippled their ship.”（阿波罗13号被称为“成功的失败”，因为机组人员从未登上过月球，但在爆炸使他们的飞船瘫痪后，他们安全地返回了月球。），可知“成功的失败”是因为船员们设法从一次严重事故中逃脱，返回了地球。故选C项。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后一句的斜体字部分“Launch: Jan. 31, 1971: lunar landing: Feb. 5: splashdown, Feb. 9”（发射：1971年1月31日：登月：2月5日：溅落，2月9日），可知阿波罗14号花了五天时间到达月球。故选A项。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第一段的““That's one small step for a man. One giant leap for mankind.”— Neil Armstrong”（“这对一个男人来说是一小步。对人类来说是一个巨大的飞跃。”——尼尔·阿姆斯特朗），第二段最后一句“Project Apollo’s goals went beyond landing Americans on the moon and returning them safely to Earth.”（阿波罗计划的目标不仅仅是让美国人登上月球，还要让他们安全返回地球。）和各段小标题Apollo’s Goals、Apollo 13、Apollo 14和Apollo 15，可知本文讲的是阿波罗太空登月计划，去探索未知的月球，推断出在文章的“探索未知”栏出现。故选B项。‎ - 38 -‎ ‎【点睛】在高考中，细节理解题为频繁常考题型，集中考查文中细节。在做此类题型时，同学们可以先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅技巧迅速在文中找到这一细节，把这部分内容仔细读一遍，比较所给选项与文中细节的细微差别。如在第1小题中，分析问题，得到关键词successful failure，迅速定位到第三段，找到句子“Apollo 13 has been called a “successful failure,” because the crew never landed on the Moon, but they made it home safely after an explosion crippled their ship.”可知，“成功的失败”是因为船员们设法从一次严重事故中逃脱，返回了地球。故选C项。‎ ‎(C)‎ The story of chocolate begins with the discovery of America in 1492. Columbus was the first European to come into contact with cacao. Columbus was struck by how much value the Indians placed on them as he did not know the beans were used by currency. It is unlikely that Columbus brought any of these beans back to Spain and it was not until about 25 years later that Cortez grasped the commercial possibilities when he found the Aztecs using the beans to make the royal drink “chocolate”.‎ The Spanish, in general, were not fond of the bitter drink so Cortez and his followers made it more palatable by adding cane sugar and later cinnamon and vanilla were added. Spanish monks let the secret out back home and, although the Spanish hid it from their neighbors for a hundred years, finally chocolate’s popularity grew until it was their fashionable drink at the French court and the wise choice of customers at London meeting houses.‎ The cacao tree is strictly a tropical plant only in hot, rainy climates. Thus, its cultivation is limited to countries not more than 20 degrees north or south of the equator (赤道). The cacao tree is very delicate and sensitive. It needs protection from the wind and requires a fair amount of shade under most conditions. This is true especially in its first two or three years of growth. A newly planted young cacao tree is often sheltered by a different type of trees. It is normal to plant food crops for shade such as bananas, plantain, coconuts or cocoyams. Rubber trees and forest trees are also used for shade. Once established, however, cacao trees can grow in full sunlight, provided there are fertile soil conditions and intensive farming. With cutting and careful cultivation, the trees of strains will begin bearing fruit in the fifth year. With extreme care, some strains can be stimulated to produce good crops in the third and fourth year.‎ The process of turning cacao into chocolate hasn’t changed much since the Swiss ‎ - 38 -‎ made the major breakthroughs in the process in the late 1800s. First the beans go through a process of fermentation ( 发酵 ) and drying. They are then sorted by hand before cleaning and then roasting. Winnowing ( 风 扬 ) follows which removes the hard outer layers and leaves what is as the “grains”. A crushing and heating process known as Hunte’s Process is then used to remove nearly half of the cocoa butter from the nibs. This makes unsweetened chocolate. Basic eating chocolate is made from a mixture of the unsweetened chocolate with some of the cocoa butter along with other ingredients such as sugar and vanilla. The resulting product is then “purified” and this purifying gives chocolate the silky texture that we know so well. The finished result is then shaped, cooled, packaged by machine, distributed, sold and of course, eaten!‎ ‎63. Why didn’t Columbus bring beans back to Spain at once when he found cacao?‎ A. Because he couldn’t afford to buy the cacao bean.‎ B. Because he didn’t know how to turn cacao bean into chocolate.‎ C. Because he was not aware of the monetary value of cacao bean then.‎ D. Because Spaniards then didn’t favour the chocolate that the Aztecs originally drank.‎ ‎64. The underlined word “palatable” in paragraph 2 probably means .‎ A. affordable B. agreeable C. patent D. portable ‎65. Which of the following is correct about cacao tree?‎ A. Cacao trees need a lot of looking after to be used commercially.‎ B. Cacao trees require hot, rainy climates and adequate sunlight.‎ C. Cacao trees won’t produce fruit until the fifth year.‎ D. Cacao trees can grow well in all continents.‎ ‎66. Which is the correct order of turning cocoa into chocolate?‎ ‎① The chocolate is reheated to melt it, put into patterns and then cooled to make its final shapes.‎ ‎② The beans are harvested on the farm.‎ ‎③ Some cocoa butter is then obtained using Hunte’s Process to make cooking chocolate.‎ ‎④ The cooking chocolate is then mixed with other ingredients to make the various - 38 -‎ ‎ types of eating chocolate available today.‎ ‎⑤ The beans are winnowed after fermentation and drying and these two processes produce the grains.‎ ‎⑥ The finished product is wrapped, sent to shops and then sold.‎ A. ②①③④⑤⑥ B. ②③①⑤④⑥ C. ②④⑤①③⑥ D. ②⑤③④①⑥‎ ‎【答案】63. C 64. B 65. A 66. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。讲述了可可传入欧洲的历史，可可树的种植，巧克力和可可饮料的制作过程。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段的It is unlikely that Columbus brought any of these beans back to Spain and it was not until about 25 years later that Cortez grasped the commercial possibilities when he found the Aztecs using the beans to make the royal drink “chocolate”. (哥伦布不太可能把这些豆子带回西班牙，直到大约25年后，科特兹才掌握了商业可能性，当时他发现阿兹特克人用豆子做皇家饮料“巧克力”。)可推断，因为他那时候不知道可可豆的货币价值，因此没有把可可豆带回西班牙。故选C。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 词句猜测题。根据上文The Spanish, in general, were not fond of the bitter drink(西班牙人不喜欢这种苦饮)和下文by adding cane sugar and later cinnamon and vanilla were added(加入蔗糖，然后加入肉桂和香草)可推断，因为西班牙人不喜欢苦饮，因此科特兹和他的追随者通过添加蔗糖让它更容易接受，因此推断划线词与agreeable“接受的”意思相同。故选B。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段的The cacao tree is strictly a tropical plant only in hot, rainy climates. (可可树严格来说是热带植物，仅在炎热多雨的气候下。)和The cacao tree is very delicate and sensitive. It needs protection from the wind and requires a fair amount of shade under most conditions.(可可树非常细腻敏感的。它需要防风，在大多数情况下需要相当多的阴影)可推断，可可树需要得到大量的照顾才能被商业使用，故选A。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ - 38 -‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段的First the beans go through a process of fermentation ( 发酵 ) and drying. They are then sorted by hand before cleaning and then roasting. Winnowing ( 风 扬 ) follows which removes the hard outer layers and leaves what is as the “grains”. A crushing and heating process known as Hunte’s Process is then used to remove nearly half of the cocoa butter from the nibs.(首先豆类经过发酵和干燥的过程，然后，在清洗和烘焙之前，用手对它们进行分类。随后进行风杨，移除坚硬的外层，留下所谓的“谷物”。一种被称为Hunte破碎和加热过程被用来从豆中去除近一半的可可油。)可知，首先要收获可可豆，豆经发酵和干燥后簸扬，这两个过程产生谷物；然后，用Hunte的过程获得一些可可油来制作烹饪巧克力，在结合第四段下文可知，故选D。‎ Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ New sense discovered in dog noses: the ability to detect heat Dogs’ noses are amazing. Not only are they up to 100 million times more sensitive than ours, they can sense weak thermal radiation- the body heat of mammalian (哺乳动物的) prey, a new study reveals. The find helps explain how dogs with damaged sight, hearing, or smell can still hunt successfully.‎ ‎“It’s a fascinating discovery,” says Marc Bekoff, an expert on dog sniffing (嗅探). “It provides yet another window into the sensory worlds of dogs’ highly evolved cold noses.” The ability to sense weak, radiating heat is known in only some animals: black fire beetles, certain snakes, and one species of mammal, the common vampire bat, all of which use it to hunt prey.___67___ But the tips of dogs’ noses are moist, colder than the surrounding temperature, and richly endowed with nerves-all of which suggests an ability to detect not just smell, but heat.‎ To test the idea, researchers at Lund University trained three pet dogs to choose between a warm (31°C) and a surrounding-temperature object, each placed 1.6 meters away.___68___ (Scientists could only detect the difference by touching the surfaces.) After training, the dogs were tested on their skill in double-blind experiments; all three successfully detected the objects emitting weak thermal - 38 -‎ ‎ radiation.‎ Next, the researchers scanned the brains of 13 pet dogs of various breeds while presenting the dogs with objects emitting neutral or weak thermal radiation. The left somatosensory cortex in dogs’ brains, was more responsive to the warm thermal stimulus than to the neutral one. The scientists identified a group of 14 voxels (体素) in this region of the dogs’ left brains , but didn’t find any in the right, and none in any part of the dogs’ brains in response to the neutral stimulus.‎ ‎___69___ Also, a specific region of their brains is activated by this infrared (relating to a type of light) radiation, the scientists say. They suspect dogs inherited the ability from their ancestor, the gray wolf, who may use it to sniff out warm bodies during a hunt.‎ ‎“The study is consistent with other research that describes the combined dog nose and brain as a highly complicated platform for processing a broad range of signals,” says Gary Settles, a professor of mechanical engineering at Pennsylvania State University. “The dog nose can distinguish patterns of hot and cold objects at a distance,” he said. “___70___ That needs further study.”‎ A. If nothing else, the work suggests the extraordinary skills of the dog.‎ B. The dogs weren’t able to see or smell the difference between these objects.‎ C. But dogs’ thermal detection skills may not be useful for long distance hunting.‎ D. Most mammals have naked, smooth skin on the tips of their noses around the nostrils (鼻孔).‎ E. Dogs track prey “not by sight or sound or smell, but by some other and subtler sense”.‎ F. Together, the two experiments show that dogs, like vampire bats, can sense weak hot spots.‎ ‎【答案】67. D 68. B 69. F 70. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了最新研究表明：在狗的鼻子里发现了新的感觉——感知热度的能力。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ - 38 -‎ 上文The ability to sense weak, radiating heat is known in only some animals: black fire beetles, certain snakes, and one species of mammal, the common vampire bat, all of which use it to hunt prey.说 只有一些动物才有感知微弱辐射热量的能力:黑火甲虫、某些蛇和一种哺乳动物——普通吸血蝙蝠，所有这些动物都用它来捕食。下文But the tips of dogs’ noses are moist, colder than the surrounding temperature, and richly endowed with nerves-all of which suggests an ability to detect not just smell, but heat.说但是狗的鼻尖是潮湿的，比周围的温度还要冷，并且有丰富的神经——所有这些都表明它们不仅有嗅觉的能力，而且还有感觉热度的能力。该空承上启下，D选项“大多数哺乳动物的鼻孔周围都有裸露光滑的皮肤”切题。故选D。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 上文To test the idea, researchers at Lund University trained three pet dogs to choose between a warm (31°C) and a surrounding-temperature object, each placed 1.6 meters away.说为了测试这一想法，隆德大学的研究人员训练了三只宠物狗，让它们在一个温暖的(31°C)和一个周围温度的物体之间做出选择，每个物体放置在1.6米远的地方。下文After training, the dogs were tested on their skill in double-blind experiments说训练结束后，对犬进行双盲实验技能测试。该空承上启下，B选项“狗无法看到或闻到这些物体之间的区别”切题。故选B。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 下文Also, a specific region of their brains is activated by this infrared (relating to a type of light) radiation, the scientists say.（此外，科学家说，他们大脑的一个特定区域被这种红外辐射(与一种光有关)激活。）得出了一种实验结论，上文也应该是一种实验结论。F选项“这两个实验共同表明，狗和吸血蝙蝠一样，能够感知微弱的热点”切题。故选F。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 上文 “The dog nose can distinguish patterns of hot and cold objects at a distance,” he said.说他说:“狗的鼻子可以分辨出远处物体的冷热模式。”该空承接上文，C选项“但是狗的热探测技能可能对远距离狩猎没有用处”切题。故选C。‎ IV. Summary Writing ‎71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.‎ - 38 -‎ How Do Our Phones Affect Our Parenting?‎ As a pediatrician (儿科医生), I have researched how mobile phone use affects family dynamics. The parent-child relationship is central to children’s social and emotional health and life success — yet I also see how more and more family interactions interrupted by mobile devices … including my own.‎ My interest in the topic began in 2010. I worked for a year as a pediatrician in the suburbs outside of Seattle. Many of the parents bringing in their sick kids worked at tech companies and were early adopters of mobile devices. During my training, I had gotten used to children playing with handheld gaming devices, but this was different: parents texted during health-related conversations (were they really processing what I was saying?); looked up medical information online to check my accuracy (was this a sign of parent anxiety?); and used videos to stop children from crying (this was pretty helpful during ear exams, but is it OK other times, I wondered?).‎ I was fascinated by the cultural change America was experiencing with the rapid adoption of mobile devices. But as a pediatrician, I had no idea what to do about it. So when I moved to Boston for training in Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, I decided to explore the topic in more depth.‎ I started my research by observing families in fast food restaurants and the results were pretty eye-opening: when parents’ attention was highly absorbed in their smartphones, parents talked less to children; responded slower (or not at all) to child bids for attention; and sometimes overreacted to child behavior.‎ Our more recent studies show that in the long-run, parent technology use during parent-child activities leads to more difficult child behavior — which in turn leads to more parent technology usage. It’s a vicious cycle: when kids stress us out, we often go to our phones for escape or to avoid interaction, and this interrupts time with kids or makes them annoyed, and they might react with difficult behavior, and so on.‎ As a working mom of two young boys, I knew how this child-phone multitasking felt to me, but I wanted to hear what others thought. So I interviewed 35 parents from - 38 -‎ ‎ diverse backgrounds in Boston to understand their experiences. They told me they have never felt their brains split in so many directions — like all the matters of the world could intrude upon home time and “land in their lap”. They expressed both relief and despair when their phones were broken or lost, because while this made it easier to “single-task” on their kids again, they also felt cut off from friends and information.‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】My experience as a pediatrician aroused my interest in the effects of smart-phones on parenting. My further research and interviews reveal it is difficult to balance both children and phones. Parents may overlook their children when focusing on their phones and cause their children’s difficult behavior while they may feel isolated when looking after their children without phones.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇概要写作。要求概括出，作者儿科医生的经历让她对“智能手机如何影响子女养育”产生了兴趣并进行了研究，取得了相关发现：父母在关注手机时可能会忽视孩子，导致孩子行为困难，而在没有手机照看孩子时可能会感到孤立。‎ ‎【详解】写作步骤：‎ ‎1 )细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。阅读文章可知，作者对“智能手机如何影响子女养育”产生了兴趣，并进行了研究且取得了相关发现：父母在关注孩子的手机时可能会忽视孩子，导致孩子行为困难，而在照看没有手机的孩子时可能会感到孤立。‎ - 38 -‎ ‎2 )弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点，要综合每段段意或每部分大意概括出文章大意。本文第一段讲作者研究了智能手机对子女养育的影响，第二和三段讲作者儿科医生的经历让她对“智能手机如何影响子女养育”产生了兴趣致使她对其进行研究，第四至六段讲作者的研究发现：父母在关注手机时可能会忽视孩子，导致孩子行为困难，而在没有手机照看孩子时可能会感到孤立。‎ ‎3 )列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。‎ ‎4 )在写作时要特别注意下面几点:‎ ‎(1 )概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。‎ ‎(2 )安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。‎ ‎(3 )注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。‎ ‎(4 )不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。‎ ‎(5)计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如reveal后接了一个宾语从句，省略了引导词that，宾语从句it is difficult to balance both children and phones中用it作形式主语代替真正主语to balance both children and phones；使用了非常好的短语，如interest in, focus on, feel isolated等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎72. 研学的兴起让公共文化服务成为新亮点。 (rise)‎ ‎___________________________‎ ‎73. 不出所料，这个养身讲座吸引了社区众多老年居民。 (expect)‎ ‎___________________________‎ ‎74. “线上音乐会”不受时空的局限，为剧场未来发展提供了新机遇。 (break)‎ ‎___________________________‎ ‎75. 该是时候民众在日常生活中通过具体行动表达对自然的敬畏与呵护了，比如节约能源、保 - 38 -‎ ‎ 护野生动物等。 (It)‎ ‎___________________________‎ ‎【答案】72. The rise of research and learning has made public cultural services a new highlight. ‎ ‎73. As was expected, the lecture on health care attracted many elderly community residents. ‎ ‎74. “Online concert” has broken the limitation of time and space, thus providing a new opportunity for the future development of theaters. ‎ ‎75. It’s time for people to express their respect and care for nature through specific actions in their daily life, such as saving/conserving energy and protecting wild animals.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【72题详解】‎ 考查词汇和时态。描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时。该句中rise用作名词，作句子主语。主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。所以填The rise of research and learning has made public cultural services a new highlight.‎ ‎【73题详解】‎ 考查词汇和时态。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。As was expected不出所料，该短语是固定短语。所以填As was expected, the lecture on health care attracted many elderly community residents.‎ ‎74题详解】‎ 考查时态和非谓语动词。表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成或可能持续下去，用现在完成时。“线上音乐会”和“提供”之间是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语。所以填“Online concert” has broken the limitation of time and space, thus providing a new opportunity for the future development of theaters.‎ ‎【75题详解】‎ 考查固定句型。It’s time for sb. to do sth. 某人是时候做某事了，该句型是固定句型。所以填It’s time for people to express their respect and care for nature through specific actions in their daily life, such as saving/conserving energy and protecting wild animals.‎ - 38 -‎ VI. Guided Writing ‎76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.‎ 假设你是明启中学高三学生李青。史上最长的”寒假”结束后，校刊举办主题征文活动，内容是关于学生在这个”寒假”里发生的一个变化。请你结合自己的实际写一篇文章投稿。你的文章必须包括:‎ ‎▪ 简述该变化的具体内容；‎ ‎▪ 阐述该变化对你的意义。‎ ‎(注意:文中请不要出现真实的校名和人名)‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Because of novel Coronavirus, the students had the longest winter holiday on record.‎ During the holiday, On the one hand, I paid close attention to the epidemic situation through watching CCTV news or surfing the Internet; on the other hand I insisted on studying. Not only did I read classics, but also I had online courses given by my teachers. Besides, I took exercise every day to keep healthy. Faced with the disaster, many people including doctors, nurses and scientists acted bravely and spared no effort to fight against it. They are real heroes. I was moved, so my dream changed a lot. In the past, I wanted to be a musician, but now I want to be a doctor. I hope I can help more people live healthy and happy lives!‎ I will study harder to realize my dream ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这篇书面表达是一篇话题类作文。假设你是明启中学高三学生李青。史上最长的”寒假”结束后，校刊举办主题征文活动，内容是关于学生在这个”寒假”里发生的一个变化。请你结合自己的实际写一篇文章投稿。‎ - 38 -‎ ‎【详解】假设你是明启中学高三学生李青。史上最长的”寒假”结束后，校刊举办主题征文活动，内容是关于学生在这个”寒假”里发生的一个变化。请你结合自己的实际写一篇文章投稿。你的文章必须包括: 简述该变化的具体内容；阐述该变化对你的意义。分析可知，应该以第一人称为主，一般过去时和现在时进行写作。考生要先想好写哪几点，运用合适的语法规则和词汇把各要点都准确表述出。描述要尽量选择简洁的语言，难点在于选择词汇和句型，可以灵活运用高级词汇和固定短语准确表述。还要用适当的连接词把句子连接起来，这样文章显得更连贯。‎ ‎【点睛】这篇书面表达的关键在于句子内容的准确表述，同时注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，同时选择高级的词汇和语法项目让文章更有文采。Not only did I read classics, but also I had online courses given by my teachers.中given by my teachers是过去分词作定语，还应用了倒装句。I hope I can help more people live healthy and happy lives! 宾语从句的运用。‎ ‎ ‎ - 38 -‎ - 38 -‎