2020届北师大版高考一轮复习必修三学案：Unit9SectionⅤGrammar 6页

Section_ⅤGrammar 单元语法项目(一)——现在完成进行时 语法图解 探究发现 ‎ ①People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.‎ ‎②Many people around the world have been enjoying city centre streets without cars for many years.‎ ‎③He has been fighting with a friend.‎ ‎④I have been looking for a job for three months.‎ ‎⑤I have been writing letters all this evening and I've just finished them.‎ ‎⑥You haven't been doing your homework those days.‎ ‎⑦Too much has been happening today.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)现在完成进行时态的构成：肯定形式have/has_been_doing(句①～⑤)；否定形式have/has_not_been_doing(句⑥)。‎ ‎(2)现在完成进行时表示动作开始于过去，并一直持续到现在，动作可能仍在进行，也可能刚刚结束(句⑤)。‎ ‎(3)现在完成进行时也可以带有某种感情色彩(句⑦)。‎ ‎ 　　‎ 一、概念 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。‎ 二、结构 ‎1．肯定形式：have/has＋been doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have)‎ I have been waiting for you.‎ 我一直在等你。‎ ‎2．否定形式： have/has＋not＋been doing He hasn't been using the car for the last two month.‎ 过去两个月他一直没用车。‎ 三、用法 ‎ ‎1．表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。‎ It has been snowing for three hours.‎ 雪已经下了三个小时了。(从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下)‎ ‎2．表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。‎ ‎—Sorry! I'm late. How long have you been waiting for me?‎ ‎—We have been waiting for you for half an hour.‎ ‎——很抱歉，我来迟了。你们等多长时间了？‎ ‎——我们已经等了你半小时了。‎ ‎3．强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。‎ ‎ She's been saying that twenty times.‎ ‎ 这话她已经说了二十遍了。‎ ‎4．表示这段时间反复发生的事情。‎ I have been visiting some cities of China this month.‎ 这个月我一直在访问中国的一些城市。‎ 四、不能用现在完成进行时的情况 ‎1．某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成时。如see, hear, know, have, like, be等。‎ 他已经感冒两个星期了。‎ ‎(×)He has been having a cold for two weeks.‎ ‎(√)He has had a cold for two weeks.‎ ‎2．不具有延续意义的动词。如finish, come, go, marry等不能用于现在完成进行时。‎ ‎[即时演练]　完成句子 ‎①She has_always_been_working_hard.‎ 她工作一直很努力。‎ ‎②Her eyes are red. It's obvious that she has_been_crying for a long time.‎ 她的眼睛红红的，显然哭了很长时间。‎ ‎③It_has_been_snowing since last Sunday.‎ 从上星期天开始就一直下雪。‎ ‎④Your clothes are covered with dust. You have_been_cleaning_the_classroom,_I think.‎ 你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你刚才在打扫教室吧。‎ ‎⑤My sister has_been_learning_English since 2016.‎ 自从2016年以来，我姐姐一直在学英语。‎ Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．(2016·江苏高考改编)Dashan, who has_been_learning (learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western standup tradition.‎ ‎2．My mother has_been_cooking (cook) the whole afternoon.‎ ‎3．It's 10 o'clock. Have_you_been_playing (play)football all day?‎ ‎4．What have you been_doing (do) since we last met?‎ ‎5．The paper boat has_been_floating (float) on the water for two hours.‎ ‎6．He has_been_living/lived (live) there since 2016.‎ ‎7．Where have you been? We have_been_looking (look) for you everywhere.‎ ‎8．We have_not_seen (not, see) each other for a long time.‎ Ⅱ.单句写作 ‎1．(2015·四川高考满分作文)To start with, I have_been_learning_and_speaking_(一直在学习和说) Mandarin for about 17 years. ‎ ‎2．(2015·重庆高考满分作文)Thank you for all you have_been_doing (一直在做). I am looking forward to your reply.‎ ‎3．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)Such will be my future life, one I have_been_dreaming_of (一直梦想的)．‎ ‎4．(2014·广东高考满分作文)Richard Avis, a British who was born on December 1st, 1974, has_been_looking_for (一直在寻找)time twins in the world since ‎2011 in order to know about different meanings of successful life in different cultures.‎ ‎5．(2014·四川高考标准范文)As a science student, I've_been_reviewing_Chinese (一直在复习汉语), math, English, physics, chemistry and biology, which all belong to the college entrance examination subjects.‎ 单元语法项目(二)——现在完成时和现在完成进行时 语法图解 探究发现 ‎①They have reached speeds of nearly 80 k．p.h.‎ ‎②Solar racers have been coming to Australia for years for the World Solar Car Challenge.‎ ‎③People have been worried about pollution caused by fuels like petrol and gas for a long time now.‎ ‎④I've been interested in cars since kindergarten.‎ ‎⑤I've been taking part in races for about four years.‎ ‎⑥What have you been doing recently?‎ ‎⑦He has been standing there for two hours.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)现在完成时强调动作已经完成，如句①。而现在完成进行时表示动作未完成，强调动作还在持续或反复中，如句②⑤⑥。‎ ‎(2)现在完成时既可以是动作动词也可以是状态动词，如句③④，而现在完成进行时只能用动作动词。‎ ‎(3)现在完成时不能表示感情色彩，而现在完成进行时可以，如句⑦。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、基本用法 ‎1．现在完成时由“have/has＋过去分词”构成。表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在造成的影响或结果。‎ ‎2．现在完成进行时由“have/has been＋现在分词”构成。表示某一动作在过去某一时间发生，一直延续到现在，有可能到此为止，也有可能继续下去。现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者基本特点的时态。‎ 二、区别 ‎1．现在完成时常表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，强调动作已完成；而现在完成进行时强调动作仍然在继续或动作的重复性。‎ He has written a letter.‎ 他写了一封信。(已经写好)‎ He has been writing a letter.‎ 他一直在写一封信。(仍在写)‎ ‎2．现在完成时强调“结果”；而现在完成进行时强调“动作”，有时还含有喜悦、愤怒、不满、厌恶等感情色彩。‎ I have waited for you for two hours.‎ 我已经等了你两个小时。(说明一个结果)‎ I have been waiting for you for two hours.‎ 我一直等了你两个小时。(强调动作的持续性或不满意)‎ ‎3．不可用于进行时的动词，不能用于现在完成进行时，但却可以用于现在完成时。‎ 最近我没有见过他。‎ I haven't been seeing him recently. (×)‎ I haven't seen him these days. (√)‎ ‎4．一些表示静态的动词往往用现在完成进行时。这样的静态动词主要有lie, stand, sit, wait等。‎ She has been lying in bed for a week.‎ 她已经卧床一周了。‎ ‎[即时演练]用所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎①Although many measures have_been_taken (take), the world's economy is still going down.‎ ‎②You should go to bed. You have_been_watching (watch) TV for 5 hours.‎ ‎③I have_been_cleaning (clean) the windows since this morning.‎ ‎④Sorry, but Mr. Smith has_left (leave) for Beijing.‎ ‎⑤The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he has_been_playing (play) in the mud all morning.‎ ‎⑥By the time he realizes he has_walked (walk) into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it.‎ Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．I have_cut (cut) up all the meat. What shall I do now?‎ ‎2．She has_been_cutting (cut) up magazines for a collage (拼贴画) all morning.‎ ‎3．He has_been_waiting (wait) in your office since he arrived.‎ ‎4．I'm pleased he's got his promotion. He has_waited (wait) a long time for it.‎ ‎5．He hasn't got much hair. He has_been_losing (lose) it since he was only thirty.‎ ‎6．She has_lost (lose) her keys. She can't find them anywhere.‎ Ⅱ.单句写作 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)I've_already_written (我已写好) the application and resume (个人简历)．‎ ‎2．(2014·陕西高考满分作文)We have_made_careful_preparations (‎ 已经做了仔细的准备)for the coming activities.‎ ‎3．(2014·重庆高考满分作文)So far the best present I_have_received (我收到的) is a basketball, which I got as a birthday present from my parents at the age of ten.‎ ‎4．(2015·天津高考满分作文)Our school has_decided_to_donate_some_books (已决定捐献一些书) to your Chinese class to enhance the friendship between our two schools. ‎ ‎5．(2014·天津高考满分作文)In the past few years, our city has_changed_a_lot (有了很大变化). ‎ ‎6．Please stop to have a rest. You have_been_repairing_the_washing_machine (一直在修洗衣机)the whole morning.‎