【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修2Unit3Computers单元学案（19页） 19页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修2Unit3Computers单元学案 一单元基础训练 一、 单元单词短语回顾 ‎△abacus [ˈæbəkəs] n. 算盘 ‎△calculator [ˈkælkjuleitə] n. 计算器 ‎△PC（=personal [ˈpə:sənəl] computer）个人电脑；个人计算机 ‎△laptop ['læptɔp] n. 手提电脑 ‎△PDA(personal digital assistant)掌上电脑；个人数码助理 ‎△analytical[ænəˈlitik(ə)l] adj.分析的 calculate ˈkælkjuleit] vt. 计算 universal [ˌju:niˈvə:səl] adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的 simplify [ˈsimplifai] vt. 简化 sum  [sʌm] n. 总数；算术题；金额 ‎△Charles Babbage 查尔斯·巴比奇 ‎（英国数学教授）‎ operator [ˈɔpəreitə] n.（电脑）操作员；接线员 logical [ˈlɔdʒikəl] adj. 合逻辑的；合情理的 logically['lɔdʒikli] adv. 逻辑上；‎ 合逻辑地；有条理地 technology [tekˈnɔlədʒi] n.工艺；科技；技术 technological [ˌteknəˈlɔdʒikəl] adj. 科技的 revolution [ˌrevəˈlu:ʃən] n. 革命 artificial [ˌɑ:tiˈfiʃəl] adj.人造的；假的 intelligence [inˈtelidʒəns] n. 智力；聪明；智能 intelligent [inˈtelidʒənt] adj. 智能的；聪明的 ‎△Alan Turing 艾伦·图灵 ‎ （英国数学家）‎ solve [sɔlv] vt. 解决；解答 ‎△mathematical [ˌmæθəˈmætikəl] adj. 数学的 from…on 从……时起 reality [riˈæliti] n. 真实；事实；现实 ‎△designer [diˈzainə] n. 设计师 personal [ˈpə:sənəl] adj. 私人的；个 人的；亲自的 personally [ˈpə:sənəli] adv. 就个人而言；亲自 tube [tju:b, tu:b] n. 管；管子；电子管 ‎△transistor [trænˈzistə] n. 晶体管 ‎△chip [tʃip] n. 碎片；芯片 as a result  [riˈzʌlt] 结果 total [ˈtəutl] adj. 总的；整个的 n. 总数；合计 totally [ˈtəutəli] adv. 完全地；整个地 so…that… 如此……以致于……‎ network [ˈnetwə:k] n. 网络；网状物 web [web] n. 网 application [ˌæpliˈkeiʃ(ə)n] n. 应用；用途；申请 finance [ˈfainæns] n. 金融；财经 mobile [ˈməubail]adj.可移动的；机动的 rocket [ˈrɔkit] n. 火箭 explore  [ikˈsplɔ:] vt. & vi. 探索；探测；探究 ‎△Mars [mɑ:z] n. 火星 anyhow [ˈenihau] adv. （也作anyway）无论如何；即使如此 goal [gəul] n. 目标；目的；球门；‎ ‎（进球）得分 happiness [ˈhæpinis] n. 幸福；快乐 human ˈhju:mən] race [reis] 人类 ‎△supporting [sə'pɔ:tiŋ] adj. 支持的；支撑的 download ['daunləud] vt. 下载 ‎△programmer [ˈprəugræm] n. 程序员；程序师 virus [ˈvaiərəs] n. 病毒 ‎△android n. 机器人 signal [ˈsignəl] vi. & vt. 发信号 ‎ n. 信号 ‎△teammate [ˈti:mwə:k] n. 同伴；伙伴 ‎△Nagoya [nɑ:'gəujɑ:]   n. 名古屋 ‎（日本港市）‎ ‎△Seattle [si'ætl] n. 西雅图 ‎（美国城市）‎ type [taip] n. 类型vt. & vi. 打字 in a way 在某种程度上 coach [kəutʃ] n. 教练 arise [əˈraiz] vi. (arose, arisen)出现；发生 with the help of 在……的帮助下 electronic [iˌlekˈtrɔnik] adj. 电子的 appearance [əˈpiərəns] n. 外观；外貌；出现 character [ˈkæriktə] n. 性格；特点 mop [mɔp] n. 拖把 vt. 用拖把拖；擦 deal with 处理；安排；对付 watch over 看守；监视 ‎△naughty [ˈnɔ:ti] adj. 顽皮的；淘气的 niece [ni:s] n. 侄女；甥女 ‎△spoil [spɔil] vt. 损坏；宠坏 二、单元重要句式回顾：根据括号内要求翻译句子 ‎1．到上个月末，我已经种了数千棵树了。(by the end of ...)‎ By_the_end_of_last_month,_I_had_planted_thousands_of_trees.‎ ‎2．随着时间的流逝，他习惯了那儿的生活。(get used to)‎ ‎ As_time_went_by,_he_got_used_to_the_life_there.‎ ‎3．光传播如此快，我们几乎无法想象它的速度。(so ...‎ ‎ that ...)‎ So_fast_does_light_travel_that_we_can_hardly_imagine_its_speed.‎ ‎4．他不用功，结果考试不及格。(as a result)‎ He_didn't_work_hard._As_a_result,_he_failed_his_exam.‎ ‎5．虽然他们是双胞胎，但没有共同之处。(have sth. in common)‎ Although_they_are_twins,_they_have_nothing_in_common.‎ ‎6．委员会由十个成员组成。(consist of)‎ The_committee_consists_of_ten_members.‎ ‎7．似乎每天都会出现新问题。(arise)‎ New_problems_seem_to_arise_every_day.‎ ‎8．在军队的帮助下，那儿的人们重建了他们的城市。(with one's help)‎ With_the_army's_help,_people_there_rebuilt_their_city.‎ ‎9．再伟大的学者也没有办法解答这个难题吧。 (solve)‎ The_greatest_scholar_cannot_solve_this_difficult_problem.‎ ‎10．专家们正在勘查这个岛的各个部分。 (explore)‎ The_experts_are_exploring_every_part_of_the_island._‎ 单元综合知识训练 一、 完形填空提速训练 One of my fondest memories as a child is going by the river and sitting leisurely on the __1__. There I would enjoy the peace and quiet, __2__ the water rush downstream and listen to the birdsong and the sound of leaves. I would also watch the ‎ bamboos __3__ under the pressure of wind and watch them return __4__ to their original position after the wind had __5__.‎ ‎__6__ I think about the bamboos' ability to return to its __7__ position, the word “resilience” comes to my mind. When used __8__ a person, this word means the ability to readily __9__ shock, depression or any other situations that __10__ a person's emotions to the limit.‎ Have you ever felt like you are about to __11__？ Have you ever felt like you are at your breaking point? Thankfully, you have __12__ the experience and live to talk about it. During the experience you probably felt a mix of __13__ that threatened your health. You felt emotionally drained, mentally __14__ and you most likely endured unpleasant physical symptoms.‎ Life is a __15__ of good times and bad times, happy moments and unhappy moments. The next time you are __16__ those bad times or unhappy moments __17__ take you close to your breaking point, bend, but don't break. Try your best not to let the situation get the best of you.‎ A measure of hope will take you __18__ the unpleasant torture. With hope for a better tomorrow or a better situation, things may not be as bad as they seem to be. The unpleasant torture may be easier to __19__ if the end result is worth having. When the going gets tough and you are at your breaking __20__， show resilience. Like the bamboos, bend, but don't ‎ break.‎ 语篇解读：我最美好的记忆就是沿着河边散步，然后悠闲地坐在岸边聆听鸟鸣和风吹竹叶的声音，层层竹林在风的吹动下弯腰但又完好无损地回到原来的位置，由此我悟出一个道理：人应该像竹子一样能屈能伸，优雅面对生活中的挑战。‎ ‎1．A.chair　　　　　　　　　 B．beach C．bank D．boat 解析：选C　根据空格前的“going by the river”可知，此处表示悠闲地坐在岸边，所以选C。‎ ‎2．A.taste B．watch C．dive D．hit 解析：选B　根据后文“I would also watch the bamboos”可知，此处为原词复现，所以选B。‎ ‎3．A.bend B．break C．grow D．change 解析：选A　根据文章最后一句“Like the bamboos, bend, but don't break.”(人生就要像竹子一样弯曲但不折断)可知，此处表示竹子在风的作用下弯曲。此处为原词复现，所以选A。‎ ‎4．A.proudly B．gracefully C．painfully D．peacefully 解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处表示竹子在风平息后又优雅地回到了原来的位置，所以选B。proudly“骄傲地”；gracefully“优雅地”；painfully“令人痛苦地”；peacefully“安静地”。‎ ‎5．A.died out B．died of C．died down D．died off 解析：选C　此处表示风平息后竹子恢复到原来的位置，所以选C。die out“灭绝”；die of“死于”；die down“逐渐平息”；die off“相继死去”。‎ ‎6．A.When B．While C．Since D．If 解析：选A　当我想起竹子有能力回到它原来位置的时候，“resilience”这个单词便出现在了我的脑海中。think是非延续性动词，所以此处应用when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，故选A。‎ ‎7．A.traditional B．personal C．occasional D．original 解析：选D　根据前文“to their original position”可知，此处为原词复现，表示回到原来的位置，所以选D。traditional“传统的”；personal“个人的”；occasional“偶然的”；original“原来的”。‎ ‎8．A.in reference to B．in the hope of C．in private D．in brief 解析：选A　根据后文“this word means the ability to readily __9__ shock, depression or any other situations that __10__ a person's emotions to the limit”可知，此处作者由物及人，说明了当用来指人的时候，这个单词意味着什么。所以选A。in reference to“关于”；in the hope of“抱着……的希望”；in private“私下地”；in brief“简言之”。‎ ‎9．A.recover from B．escape from C．run into D．bring out 解析：选A　根据语境可知，此处表示人从震惊、沮丧或其他情形中恢复，所以选A。recover from “从……中恢复”；escape from“从……逃脱”；run into “撞上”；bring out “使显现”。‎ ‎10．A.expand B．stretch C．widen D．spread 解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处表示从震惊、沮丧或者让一个人的情感消耗殆尽的其他情形中恢复，所以选B。expand“扩大，扩展”；stretch“(大量地)使用，消耗，伸展”；widen“加宽”；spread“传播，展开”。‎ ‎11．A.ignore B．split C．burst out D．break down 解析：选D　根据语境可知，此处表示你曾经感觉到你即将垮掉了吗，所以选D。后文中的“breaking point”也是提示。ignore“忽视，对……不予理会”；split“分开，分裂”；burst out“突然激动地喊叫，突然开始(做某事)”；break down“垮掉”。‎ ‎12．A.reflected B．survived C．abandoned D．suspected 解析：选B　此处表示谢天谢地，你从这次的经历中幸存了下来，所以选B。reflect“反映”；survive“幸存”；abandon“放弃”；suspect“怀疑”。‎ ‎13．A.emotions B．determination C．sympathies D．belief 解析：选A　根据后文“You felt emotionally drained, mentally __14__ and you most likely endured unpleasant physical symptoms”可知，此处表示你可能会有各种情绪，所以选A。‎ ‎14．A.confused B．embarrassed C．exhausted D．frightened 解析：选C　根据语境可知，此处表示你感到心灰意懒、精力枯竭，而你的身体状况也不佳，所以选C。confused“迷惑的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”；exhausted“筋疲力尽的”；frightened“害怕的”。‎ ‎15．A.series B．mixture C．flock D．variety 解析：选B　根据前文“you probably felt a mix of __13__ that threatened your health”可知，生活是一种顺境和逆境、快乐的时光和不快乐的时光的混合，所以选B。‎ ‎16．A.observing B．experiencing C．witnessing D．discovering 解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处表示下一次，当你正在经历那些艰难的时刻或不开心的时光的时候，所以选B。observe“观察”；experience“经历”；witness“目击”；discover“发现”。‎ ‎17．A.when B．where C．who D．that 解析：选D　此处that引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，所以选D。此处表示这些会让你接近你的极限。‎ ‎ 18.A.across B．through C．during D．beneath 解析：选B　根据后文“With hope for a better tomorrow or a better situation, things may not be as bad as they seem to be”可知，一丝希望也能让你渡过痛苦的磨难。所以选B。‎ ‎ 19.A.improve B．appreciate C．deal with D．consist in 解析：选C　根据语境可知，此处表示如果最终结果值得拥有，那么痛苦的磨难也许会更容易应对。所以选C。improve“提高，改善”；appreciate“欣赏，感激”；deal with “处理，应对”；consist in “在于”。‎ ‎20．A.occasion B．situation C．point D．conclusion 解析：选C　如果进展变得困难，而你也达到了自己的爆发点，那么就表现得灵活一些。所以选C。此处为原词复现，上文中的“Have you ever felt like you are at your breaking point”及“take you close to your breaking point”是提示。‎ 二、阅读理解提速练 A Here is a collection of some TV series.For this list, we stick to those that have been released in recent years and we choose not to include TV hits like Game of Thrones or Sherlock.‎ Stranger Things This US television series is a combination of three genres (类型): the typical college movies where the losers rise up, the science fiction films about crazy scientists who reached their top in the 1980s and the horror movies written in the style of Stephen King.This show, starring Winona Ryder and a group of amazing kids, has managed to combine these genres so well that it has already acquired a vast army of fans worldwide.‎ The Pillars of the Earth It is set in the twelfth century, a time which is considered one of the darkest and most romantic (浪漫的) periods in the history of England. Based on the bestselling novel written by Ken Follett, this TV show starring the brilliant Eddie Redmayne is widely recognized as one of the best historical TV dramas of recent years.‎ Mahabharata This Indian Hindilanguage series is liked by many people for being regarded as the simplest and the most fun way to learn about the ageold wisdom of the Indian people.It tells us about the kings and heroes who love, fight and make wise decisions.This drama is about the endless struggle between good and evil.‎ The Crown This story about the transformation of the young Princess Elizabeth into the queen shows everything about the British monarchy (君主制)．It includes many storylines, each of which could be made into a separate TV show.The series focuses on the ageold themes of family, marriage and politics, and this is probably what makes The Crown win popularity.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四部近年来比较受观众喜爱的电视剧。‎ ‎1．What do we know about Stranger Things?‎ A．Stephen King determined its style.‎ B．It consists of three children stories.‎ C．Most of its central characters are kids.‎ D．It's much more popular than Sherlock.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第一部电视剧简介中的“starring Winona Ryder and a group of amazing kids”可知，Stranger Things的主要角色大部分都是孩子。‎ ‎2．Which aspect of The Pillars of the Earth is stressed in the text?‎ A．Its background.　　　　 B．Its staff.‎ C．Its theme song. D．Its plot.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第二部电视剧简介可知，文章主要强调了The Pillars of the Earth的时代背景。‎ ‎3．Which of the following do the four TV series share?‎ A．They are highly thought of by the audience.‎ B．Their storylines are relatively complex.‎ C．They mainly discuss universal themes.‎ D．Their original languages are English.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第一部电视剧简介中的“it has already acquired a vast army of fans worldwide”，第二部电视剧简介中的“is widely recognized as one of the best historical TV dramas of recent years”，第三部电视剧简介中的“is liked by many people for being regarded as the simplest and the most fun way to ...”和第四部电视剧简介中的“this is probably what makes The Crown win popularity”可推知，这四部电视剧都受到观众的好评。‎ B Dessi Sieburth's love of birds started about six years ago.Now, he has his own group called Protecting Our Birds.Recently, Dessi, 14 years old, chatted with TFK about his work and goals for the future.‎ TFK：‎ What is Protecting Our Birds?‎ DESSI：‎ Birds are citizens of the world, so they need protection.I basically try to do conservation work to help birds get protected throughout the world.I recently wrote an article about a bird called the bartailed godwit (斑尾鹬)．I interviewed a biologist named Nils Warnock, who had studied the bartailed godwit.He expressed the concern about the threat that the bartailed godwit is facing.I wrote an article about his answers to the questions, which is published on the American Birding Association Website.‎ TFK：‎ What impelled you to start this project?‎ DESSI：‎ When I was eight years old, our class had to do a woodworking project, so I chose a bird feeder (喂食盒)．I didn't like birds at the time.I made the feeder, filled it up with seed, put it in my backyard and then the birds started coming.I got really interested in birds as more came.I later got involved in my local Audubon Society, which is devoted to conserving and ‎ restoring natural ecosystems.It really got me into birds and I realized bird populations were declining, and many are becoming endangered quite rapidly.I wanted to help them, so I started the project.‎ TFK：‎ What are some future projects you plan to work on?‎ DESSI：‎ I live in L．A., where there are a lot of parrots.Most of the parrots' native range is in Mexico, but they're really declining there because of habitat loss.I want to study the parrots and help them in their native range in Mexico, so they can start increasing again.‎ TFK：‎ How can people learn more about Protecting Our Birds and the work you're doing?‎ DESSI：‎ I have a website.It's protectingourbirds. myfree.website.There people can learn about what I do and how to help birds.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。14岁的Dessi Sieburth为了保护濒临灭绝的鸟类，他发起了“护鸟”工程。最近他接受了记者的采访，在访谈中，他谈到了启动这个工程的初衷、他做的鸟类保护工作以及未来的打算。‎ ‎4．What's Nils Warnock's attitude to the bartailed godwit?‎ A．Worried.　　　　　　　 B．Changing.‎ C．Uncertain. D．Optimistic.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第三段的“He expressed the concern about the threat that the bartailed godwit is facing.”可推知，Nils Warnock对斑尾鹬的生存前景深表忧虑。‎ ‎5．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “impelled” in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Forbade. B．Requested.‎ C．Encouraged. D．Challenged.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。由第五段的内容可知，本段主要谈论了Dessi Sieburth是如何启动“护鸟”工程的，故画线词的意思为“鼓励，推动”。‎ ‎6．What will Dessi probably do next?‎ A．Write articles about birds in danger.‎ B．Help parrots losing the natural home.‎ C．Set up a website to teach how to help birds.‎ D．Recreate his own conservation organization.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第六、七段的内容可知，Dessi Sieburth接下来会致力于保护那些失去了栖息地的鹦鹉。‎ C Some pigs tend to be optimistic while others are pessimistic, according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare.The study, published in the journal Biology Letters, is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment.‎ Asher, a researcher at the University of Newcastle's ‎ Institute of Neuroscience, and her team housed groups of pigs in two types of environment.One reflected standard commercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of soft, deep straw.After the pigs got accustomed to these new homes over a few weeks, the researchers picked 18 pigs from each type to train and test their judgment.‎ ‎“To do this, we trained each pig.In one corner of a training room there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets — pigs love them — and at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl containing coffee beans, which pigs find bittertasting，” a researcher said.‎ Over a number of training trials, pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect chocolate sweets.On the contrary, they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it was in the corner where they would expect to find the coffee beans.‎ The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react.Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what was inside, showing optimism that it would contain their favorite sweets.Others, however, behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans, displaying pessimism.‎ The findings suggest that a onesizefitsall answer to animal welfare issues does not exist.Even if pigs are just equal to bacon or other meat for some people, there is still cause ‎ for concern.Studies have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meat quality and taste.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇研究报告，讲述情绪和性格在动物中的相互作用。‎ ‎7．What was the study trying to figure out?‎ A．How to make pigs happier.‎ B．The similarities between humans and pigs.‎ C．How living environment affected pigs' mood.‎ D．How pigs' mood and personality affected their judgment.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“The study, published in the journal ... influencing judgment.”可知，选项D正确。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined word “cushier” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Simple. B．More comfortable.‎ C．Unpractical. D．Less free.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“more space and plenty of soft, deep straw”可知，另一个环境很舒适。所以选项B正确。‎ ‎9．Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic?‎ A．The bowl with chocolate sweets.‎ B．The bowl containing coffee beans.‎ C．The bowl full of both sweets and beans.‎ D．The bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react.”以及该段后两句的对比描述可知，D选项与第五段内容一致。所以选项D正确。‎ ‎10．What do the findings of the new research imply?‎ A．People should treat pigs equally.‎ B．People's health relies on meat quality.‎ C．People should meet pigs' various needs.‎ D．People's attitude toward pigs is totally wrong.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句可推知，要想获得高质量和口感好的猪肉，人们应当满足猪的多种需要。所以选项C正确。‎