【英语】2021届新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练北师大版：必修5Unit14Careers作业 17页

课时提能练 27-28 课时提能练(二十七) 必修 5 Unit 14 Careers(A) 课时作业 A：基础层面 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast. 2．But sit where you are，if you please，in case I want you. 3．Can you lend me ￡10 and I'll pay you back on Friday? 4．In no case should you use the company's telephone for personal affairs. 5．I think it's very unkind of you to make up stories about him. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．In case emergency，break the glass and press the button.case 后加 of 2．As a reward of passing his examination，he got a new watch from his parents. of→for 3．I charge this man of using the Brotherhood movement to advance his own selfish interests.of→with 4．Practice more and you'll find easy to talk with native speakers.find 后加 it 5．He cheated me and I wouldn't believe him any longer.him 前加 in Ⅲ.选词成篇 A pay off，due to，in case，above all，take charge of，believe in，in addition Several days ago，I was appointed to 1.take_charge_of Class 6 2.due_to my good performance.The headmaster told me that I should turn to old teachers 3.in_case there were some difficulties.But 4.above_all ， I think that I should 5.believe_in myself.6.In_addition，I should work harder.All my efforts will 7.pay_off. B turn up，speak up，go into details，make out，sit up，keep up with After a few minutes，the lights suddenly went out and everybody became upset at that moment.In order to focus all students' attention，I quickly 8.turned_up on the stage and then 9.spoke_up，“Please，be quite and 10.sit_up！Everyone.Though we are in the dark，I still 11.go_into_details about this lecture；please try to concentrate on the lecture and 12.keep_up_with me.Finally，you'll 13.make_out what I'm talking about.” Ⅳ.完成句子 1．That_I_can_pay_back (我能够回报)the help people give me makes me happy. 2．In_no_case_should_the_patient_be_allowed_to_get_up(决不允许病人起床)until he has recovered from his illness. 3．Hard work can often make_up_for (弥补)a lack of intelligence. 4．He found_it_impossible (发现那不可能)to make her change her mind. 5．You can't turn the heat off as_long_as_the_system_is_on(只要系统开着)． 课时作业 B：能力层面 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2019·昆明市诊断测试)Who're happier，men or women? Research shows it's a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn't really that helpful，because basically，happiness is different for women and men. Women's happiness has been declining for the past 30 years，according to recent statistics.And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men.Gender (性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological，psychological and social factors contribute to the difference. Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings.Women are more likely to express happiness，warmth and fear，which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver，while men display more anger，pride and disrespect， which are more consistent with a protector and provider role. Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially，but also genetically related.Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons (镜像神经元) than males when they process feelings.Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people's view，to understand their actions and intentions.This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness.Women tend to experience more negative feelings，such as more guilt，shame and to a lesser degree，embarrassment. Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings.With the exception of anger，women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others.Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciation—which has been linked to greater happiness.This supports the theory that women's happiness is more dependent on relationships than men's. 【语篇解读】 本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。 1．Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women? A．Warmth. B．Depression. C．Happiness. D．Disrespect. D [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger，pride and disrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选 D。] 2．What factors cause women to share feelings more openly? A．Psychological factors. B．Biological factors. C．Educational factors. D．Social factors. A [细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理 和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。] 3．One can probably read the text from________. A．a science fiction B．a culture brochure C．a nursery guide D．a health magazine D [推理判断题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男 性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选 D 项。] 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology. B．Men and women experience happiness differently. C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women. D．Women's happiness has declined in the past years. B [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性 在幸福感上的差异，故 B 项最符合文意。] B (2019·成都市毕业班摸底测试)As evolution tends to remove waste，how come we evolved such large，energyconsuming brains? The dominant hypothesis(假设)suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force.But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecology(生态)． Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses before.The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems.For example，do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin.Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems? While many studies have found such associations，there is a problem.It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems. To find out the causes of brain expansion，we recreated the scenarios(可能出 现 的 情 况 ) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model.We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the brain size we see in humans.But it was ecological challenges that expanded brains.In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation，we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size.But you need both factors to get the brain size we see today—if there were no social challenges our brains would have been even larger but likely poorly suited to social life.Bigger isn't necessarily better. But many animals face hard ecological problems.Why don't they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow.So our results and those of others' suggest that hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural knowledge could act together to produce a humansized brain. Will the human brain expand further? The complexity of the systems involved makes it impossible to say much with certainty at present. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文 化知识积累的共同作用决定的；大脑并非越大越好，如果大脑过大，则人类将无法适应社会 交往活动。 5．In most people's view，what makes human evolve large brains? A．Social challenges. B．Social and ecological challenges. C．Ecological challenges. D．Competition with other large animals. A [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The dominant hypothesis(假设)suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force”并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人 认为棘手的社会交往活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故 A 项正确。] 6．What's the problem of the common approach? A．Its model is not reliable enough. B．It doesn't tell the cause and effect clearly. C．Its hypothesis cannot be proved effectively. D．It doesn't find brain size is connected with problems. B [细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems”可知，传统的研究方法无法解 释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响，故 B 项正确。] 7．Why don't many animals have large brains? A．They don't learn from each other B．They don't face hard ecological problems. C．They don't need to cooperate with each other. D．They don't keep learning tough skills as they grow. D [推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“Why don't they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow”可知，只有当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难 的技能时，生态环境才会导致人类特定大小的大脑。据此可以判断，动物在成长过程中并没 有持续学习艰难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故 D 项正确。] 8．Which of the following do the researchers find most surprising? A．Animals don't have large brains. B．Social challenges decrease brain size. C．Ecological challenges increase brain size. D．It's unclear whether human brains will expand further. B [细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation，we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size” 可知，与主流观点及我们自己的预期相反，我们发现社会挑战导致大脑变小。据此可知，社 会挑战导致大脑变小是令人惊讶的发现，故 B 项正确。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2019·太原市阶段性测评)VAR technology has been used in U．S.sports for years.Now it is fully combined with the global game of football and made its debut(首 次亮相) at the 2018 World Cup this summer.__1__.It is actually a team who work together to review certain decisions made by the main referee(裁判) by watching video replays. The VAR team support the referees from a centralized video operation room.The operators select and provide the best angles from relevant broadcast cameras plus two additional offside cameras.__2__.They will communicate with the referee only for clear and obvious errors or serious missed incidents.The referee can delay the restart of play at any time to communicate with the VAR team.__3__， the referee would start an official review.Then they will make a decision based on the information received from the VAR team. __4__.Some fans believe that VAR causes too many interruptions，disrupting the flow of the game.But others just want a fair match and to see the correct call no matter what.They argue disruptions already take place as angry players crowd around a referee following a controversial decision.__5__.With much money put into modern football，governing bodies are now under great pressure to see that the correct decisions are made on the pitch and VAR is a sure step in that. A．If one team is likely to win a game B．VAR stands for video assistant referee C．It is hard to avoid and VAR is necessary D．Once they decide an incident is reviewable E．Throughout a match they are constantly checking for mistakes F．The use of video technology is a hot topic among football watchers G．VAR can serve to remove such scenes and get the game moving again 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 VAR 在足球比赛中的应用，以及由此而 引起的一些争议。 1．B [上文是说多年来，VAR 技术已经应用于美国的运动中，现在它已经完全与全球 的足球比赛结合起来，而且在 2018 年的世界杯中首次亮相；而空后是说它实际是一个通过 观看视频重放来审查主裁判的某些决定的团队；故 B 项“VAR 代表着视频助理裁判”符合语 境，衔接上下文，故选 B。] 2．E [根据空后一句“They will communicate...serious missed incidents”可知， 他们会为清晰而明显的错误或错过的事件和裁判沟通。E 项“他们在整场比赛中持续检查错 误”符合语境，故选 E。] 3．D [根据空后的“the referee would start an official review”可知，裁判将 启动一个官方的审查，与 D 项中的“reviewable”呼应，故选 D。] 4．F [根据空处所在位置以及该段叙述的球迷对 VAR 在比赛中应用的一些看法可推知， F 项“视频技术的应用在足球观看者中是一个热点话题”概括了本段的内容，故选 F。] 5．G [根据空前的“angry players crowd around a referee following a controversial decision”可知，此处描述了一个球赛中的场景，G 项中的“such scenes” 与之呼应，故选 G。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2019·成都市毕业班第一次诊断性检测)It's time to stop talking and get walking. As a popular and 1.________(grow) format of the game，Walking Football is aimed at encouraging older adults to play football again on a regular basis. As simple as the name suggests，Walking Football is 2.________(definite) just playing football at walking pace.But don't let that fool you.It carries all the emotion，passion and excitement of a regular game and still 3.________(require) skills such as accurate passing，good positional play and strong tactical knowledge. The game is smallsided，4.________ no running on or off the ball，very little contact and kickins instead of throwins.With less stress on the body and no real sudden change of direction or cutting movements，the game allows every 5.________ (participate) to play without anxiety. It has become increasingly popular and is designed to help people keep 6.________ active lifestyle，as well as to support getting people who have stopped playing due to age 7.________ injury back to football. Since Middlesex FA launched Walking Football in 2014，we 8.________(have) over 300 players take part in the sport and now run over 20 sessions on a 9.________ (week)basis. Ready to play？10.________(find) your nearest session using the map below. 【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了一项体育运动——Walking Football。 1．growing [考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处与 and 之前的形容词 popular 是 并列关系，共同修饰其后的名词 format，故应填 growing“增长的”。] 2．definitely [考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰副词 just，故应用副词 definitely。] 3．requires [考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，and 前后是并列的成分，此处应 与 carries 形式相同，故填 requires。] 4．with [考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处是 with 的复合结构，即 with＋名词＋ 介词短语的形式，在句子中作状语，与下文中的 With less stress on the body 结构相呼 应。] 5．participant [考查词形转换。allow sb.to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，是 固定用法，又因为空前为 every，故此处应用表示人的名词的单数形式，即 participant。] 6．an [考查冠词。根据语境可知，lifestyle 是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现， 故用不定冠词修饰；又 active 的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词 an。] 7．or [考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“或者”，故用表示选择关系的连词 or。] 8．have had [考查动词的时态。根据本句中的 Since 可知，主句应用现在完成时，表 示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，即 have had。] 9．weekly [考查形容词。根据空前的冠词 a 和空后的名词 basis 可知，此处应用形容 词 weekly。] 10．Find [考查祈使句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处是“动词原形放句首＋ 句子其他成分”结构的祈使句，表示建议，故用 Find。] Ⅳ.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 (2019·合肥市第一次教学质量检测)Last month our class organized a hike along the Chaobai River，which run through Hebei，Beijing and Tianjin.Much to my disappoint， I found the river was serious polluted.At that moment，I was determined to do what I could protect it.First，under my teacher's help，I used the equipments from the school lab to test the quality of the river water.But then，I used the data I had collected it to analyze the pollution of the river.Finally，I write a report on the pollution of the river to the local government.I also gave a presentation in class where I suggested that we must make changes to protect our water resources. [答案] Last month our class organized a hike along the Chaobai River，which run runs through Hebei，Beijing and Tianjin.Much to my disappoint disappointment ， I found the river was serious seriously polluted.At that moment，I was determined to do what I could ∧ to protect it.First，under with my teacher's help，I used the equipments equipment from the school lab to test the quality of the river water.But And then，I used the data I had collected it to analyze the pollution of the river.Finally，I write wrote a report on the pollution of the river to the local government.I also gave a presentation in class where I suggested that we must should / must make changes to protect our water resources. 课时提能练(二十八) 必修 5 Unit 14 Careers(B) 课时作业 A：基础层面 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The local police turned him over to the FBI. 2．He ran into the burning house to save the employee without hesitation. 3．Whether the factory will be in the charge of me or not，I will resign. 4．The demand for tea is on the decrease each year. 5．In case he comes(come) late，we can always sit in the bar. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．When meeting with new words，we should consult to a dictionary.去掉 to 2．The teacher asked the students to make out short dialogues by themselves. out→up 3．The production cost of these trucks has decreased to one third compared to last year.第一个 to→by 4．They responded with my joke by laughing.with→to 5．They are due to having a party next week.Will you come along？ having→have Ⅲ.完成句子 1．He was_given_a_reward_for(因……而得到奖赏) his contribution to science. 2．This job would be impossible without_the_aid_of(没有……的帮助) a computer. 3．She is_hesitant_about(对……感到犹豫) signing the contract. 4．There is，in_addition(此外)，one further point to make. 5．I can't go_into_detail(s)(详细叙述) now; it would take too long. 课时作业 B：能力层面 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2019·南昌 NCS20180607 项目二模)At school，I was in the top set for maths.My teachers recommended that I study economics and statistics as my Alevel subjects， but I had my mind set on a life fulfilled by the arts. In fact，I was a victim of a gender_stereotype made stronger since birth，that men do science and maths and women do arts or languages.Computer science，technology and physics just did not figure in my teenage world view.Nobody popular in my school chose to study those subjects. Reality struck hard when I began attending job interviews and interviewers would say，“It's great that you speak foreign languages，but what else do you do？” Nobody asked my friends who had studied science or technology this kind of questions. A survey recently showed that three of the bestpaid jobs for women are in the technology sector.It's a sector that really can change the world.We must show girls that technology has an effect on every industry out there ， from fashion to architecture to journalism.Anybody can learn to code and these days it's as important as reading and writing.I've realized that at university I'd achieved the wrong kind of literacy.Not being able to code limits your impact on the world far more than some ignorance of great literature. Now I have a fiveyearold daughter.I don't want her to blindly follow gender roles the way I did.I want her to know the fact that a science or technical degree will not limit her creativity but expand it and broaden her horizons far more than my arts background could.I'm exposing her to Minecraft and apps，which help improve analytical thinking and problemsolving skills.I'm hoping that my daughter will discover and accept her potential in science and want to change the world. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过切身经历，“我”讲述了传统性别观念对 自己的负面影响。如今，作为一个五岁女孩的母亲，“我”希望她不要受到这种影响，而是 在学习和职业上做出明智选择。 1．What does the underlined phrase “gender stereotype” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Personal learning style. B．Sex characteristic. C．Conventional sex concept. D．Profession difference. C [词义猜测题。根据第二段，尤其是该段第一句“In fact，I was a victim of...women do arts or languages.”可知，事实上，“我”自出生以来就是传统性别观念的受害者， 人们始终认为男性适合科学和数学，而女性适合艺术或语言。据此可以判断，画线部分意指 “传统性别观念”，故 C 项正确。] 2．According to the author，which may be the benefit of learning science? A．Increasing job possibility. B．Winning popularity. C．Improving language competence. D．Enriching imagination. A [推理判断题。根据第三段可知， 尽管“我”会外语，但是用人单位还是想要科学 技术类人才；结合第四段第一句“A survey recently showed that three of the bestpaid jobs for women are in the technology sector.”可知，最近的调查显示，三份收入最高 的女性的工作是在科技行业。据此可以判断，作者认为学习科技能增加就业机会，故 A 项正 确。] 3．How did the author feel for her major choice? A．Satisfied. B．Active. C．Discouraged. D．Regretful. D [推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，尽管“我”会外语，但是用人单位还是想要科 学技术类人才，最近的调查显示三份收入最高的女性的工作是在科技行业； 结合第二段中 的“victim”和第五段中的“blindly”可以判断，“我”对自己的专业选择很后悔。D 项 意为“后悔的”， 符合文意。] 4．What may be the best title for the text? A．Art or Science，Either Is OK B．Good Subjects，Good Future C．Girls，Choose More Wisely D．Catch Chances，Change the World C [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，上学时“我”的最佳学科是数学，老师建议“我”学 习经济学和统计学，但是由于受传统性别观念认为男性适合科学和数学，而女性则适合艺术 或语言的影响，最终“我”选择了学习文科。在求职过程中，“我”屡屡碰壁。如今，作为 一个五岁女孩的母亲，“我”希望她不受传统性别观念的影响，勇敢地选择学习科学技术， 改变世界。据此可以判断，C 项最适合作本文的标题。B 项“好的科目，好的未来”表述太 宽泛。] B (2019·山东高三下学期高考预测)Since the sex of a sea turtle(海龟) is determined by the heat of sand hatching the eggs，scientists had suspected they might see slightly more females.Climate change，after all，has driven sea temperatures higher， which，in these creatures，favors female children.They found female sea turtles from Raine Island，the Pacific Ocean's largest and most important green sea turtle living area，now outnumber males by at least 116 to 1.“This is extreme，” says turtle scientist Camryn Allen. Biologist Michael Jensen wanted to know if climate change had already changed turtles' sexes.By using genetic(基因的) tests，he'd figured out that he could follow turtles of all ages.Still，his research data would lack an important detail：sex.Only after a turtle matures is it possible to tell its sex from the outside－mature males have slightly longer tails.By then turtles can be decades old，so scientists often use laparoscopy(腹腔镜检查)，sending a thin tube into each animal，but that's not so practical if you're hoping to examine hundreds of creatures.Fortunately，at a turtle conference，he met Allen，and all she needed was a little blood. They compared their results with temperature data for nesting beaches.What worries them is that Raine Island has been producing almost female turtles for at least 20 years.This is no small thing.More than 200,000 turtles come to nest there.During high season,18,000 turtles may settle in at once.“But what happens in 20 years when there are no more males coming up as adults? Are there enough to maintain the population？” says Allen.They also found cooler beaches in the south are still producing males，but those in the north，they're almost entirely females hatching.These findings clearly point to the fact that climate change is changing many aspects of wildlife biology. But how widespread is this phenomenon—and what is the consequence? 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。科学家在研究中发现，太平洋中雌海龟的数量远远 超过了雄海龟，这是全球气候变暖所导致的结果。 5．How might the scientists feel if there were slightly more female turtles? A．It's unique. B．It's normal. C．It's extreme. D．It's doubtful. B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Since the sex of a sea turtle(海龟) ...favors female children.”可知，海龟的性别由孵化它们的海滩沙子的温度决定；气候 变暖，沙滩的温度上升了， 而温度上升有利于孵化出雌海龟，故可推知，如果(因为气候变 暖)雌海龟数量稍微多一点，科学家们可能会觉得是正常的。] 6．What is a scientist's conventional way to identify a turtle's sex? A．Using laparoscopy. B．Doing genetic tests. C．Testing its blood. D．Watching its tail. A [细节理解题。第二段中的“scientists often use laparoscopy(腹腔镜检查)， sending a thin tube into each animal”表明，科学家通常用腹腔镜检查来识别海龟的性 别。因此选 A。] 7．Why do the findings worry Jensen and Allen? A．Too many females gather near Raine Island. B．Female turtles cause temperatures to rise. C．Turtle populations are in decline. D．Sea turtles may end up dying out. D [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But what happens in 20 years when there are no more males coming up as adults? Are there enough to maintain the population？” 可知，他们担心如果没有成年雄海龟， 20 年后，可能没有足够的雄海龟来维持海龟的数量， 长此以往，海龟可能灭绝。] 8．What does the last paragraph imply? A．People have to test the consequence. B．People should stop the phenomenon. C．More work needs doing about the phenomenon. D．Climate change has changed sea turtles' sexes. C [推理判断题。上段谈到了科学家发现气候变化正在改变野生生物生理习性的多个方 面，比如气温变化让雌海龟数量远远大于雄海龟数量。本段承接上段，提出两个问题：这种 现象的范围有多广？后果又是什么？言外之意是人们应该继续这方面的研究工作，将这种现 象的前因后果弄明白，其余选项虽与本文或本段内容有关系， 但并不是作者的弦外之音。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2019·重庆第二次调研) How to Stop Worrying About Being Perfect We don't have to be perfect all the time.Perfection is an illusion(幻想) because we are all humans.__1__ Even something like a weather report or a stock prediction is out of date the second it's released(发布)． Question your thinking. __2__ It's so subjective.It's up to us.It's not what someone else does，has， or delivers.So，ask yourself，“What do I really want？” When you find out—ooh! What a relief! __3__ Sheryl Sandberg explains that she constantly gets long emails from customers and colleagues that want long responses in return.But busy as she is，she often replies in one sentence because it's done that way.So forgive yourself for doing the similar thing when you need to.It is said done is better than perfect. Don't jump to judgment. There's no one more critical(挑剔的) of you than you.__4__ Because we tend to focus on what's going wrong in our study and neglect what's going right.If you have done your best，that is excellent.Go on! Enjoy the process. Life's 99 percent is a journey.Yes ， we have those great moments that unforgettable bring us joy—that praise from our teachers，the lovely touches from our parents，whatever it is—but that lasts...well...a few seconds，really.We get used to it pretty fast.__5__ A．How to stop worrying? B．What is perfect，anyway? C．Know not perfect but done. D．We all have our flaws(瑕疵)． E．Judge right or wrong before going on. F．Then we buckle up(系上安全带) for the next journey. G．You don't have to be so eager to put yourself down as a failure. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了“我们无须事事完美”这一话题，并就 此提出避免为完美而焦虑的方法。 1．D [根据空后的“Even something like a weather report or a stock prediction is out of date the second it's released(发布)．”可知，甚至像天气预报或股票预测 也可能发布过时。据此可知，空处应是说人人都有瑕疵，不要追求事事完美，故 D 项正确。] 2．B [根据该段标题“Question your thinking.”可知，要质疑自己的想法。据此可 知，空处为一问句，表达对自己的想法的质疑；并结合该段下文中“What do I really want？”及本文话题可知，该处是对“什么是完美的”质疑，故 B 项正确。] 3．C [根据该空位置可知，该空为该段的标题。根据该段尾句“It is said done is better than perfect.”可知，该段主要论述了“做比不做强”这一论点；结合该段讲述的 Sheryl 用一句话回复本该详细回复的邮件的例子可知，该段主要论述“要知道虽然不完美， 但是做了”，故 C 项正确。] 4．G [根据空处前一句“There's no one more critical(挑剔的) of you than you.” 可知，没有人比你对自己更挑剔了；再结合空处后一句“Because we tend to focus on what's going wrong in our study and neglect what's going right.”可知，因为我们倾向于关 注我们在学习中出了什么问题，而忽略正确的事情。据此可以判断，你无须总是担心失败， 没有必要因失败而责备自己，故 G 项符合语境。] 5．F [根据该段标题“Enjoy the process.”并结合该段第一句“Life's 99 percent is a journey.”可知，该段主要论述要享受做事情的过程，因为生命的 99%是旅程。F 项中 的“journey”与此对应，故 F 项正确。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2019·安徽重点中学盟校模拟)Worldfamous physicist Stephen Hawking has died at the age of 76.He died 1.________(peaceful) at his home in Cambridge in the early 2.________(hour) of Wednesday. Hawking was known 3.________ the public for his work with black holes and relativity，and wrote several popular science books including A Brief History of Time.At the age of 22，Prof.Hawking 4.________(give) only a few years to live after doctors declared that he suffered from a rare disease.The illness left him in a wheelchair and he was 5.________(able) to speak except through a voice synthesizer (合成器)． Prof.Hawking was the first 6.________(set) out a theory of cosmology(宇宙学) explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.He also discovered that black holes 7.________(leak) energy and fade to nothing—a phenomenon that would 8.________(late) become known as Hawking radiation. Through his work with mathematician Sir Roger Penrose he proved that Einstein's general theory of relativity suggests space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and 9.________end in black holes. In a statement his children praised his “courage and persistence” and said his “brilliance and humour” inspired people across the world.They added，“He once said，‘It would not be much of a universe 10.________ it wasn't home to the people you love.’We will miss him forever.” 【语篇解读】 斯蒂芬·霍金于 2018 年 3 月 14 日去世，享年 76 岁。本文简单介绍了 霍金的生平。 1．peacefully [考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词 died，故用副词。] 2．hours [考查名词复数。the early hours“凌晨时分”为固定用法，故填 hour 的 复数形式。] 3．to [考查介词。be known to...for...“因……而为……所知”为固定用法，故填 介词 to。] 4．was given [考查时态和语态。根据表示过去的时间状语 At the age of 22 可知此 处要用一般过去时；又 Prof.Hawking 与 give 是被动关系，故用被动语态。] 5．unable [考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处要填形容词；又此处表示“他不能 说话”，故用 able 的反义词 unable。] 6．to set [考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，序数词后一般用不定式 作后置定语，故填 to set。] 7．leak [考查时态。虽然主句用了一般过去时，但宾语从句叙述的是客观事实，故从 句要用一般现在时。] 8．later [考查副词。此处表示一个之后会作为霍金辐射而闻名的现象，故填 later。] 9．an [考查冠词。前面的 a beginning 暗示这里用 an end，故填 an。] 10．if [考查状语从句。根据语境可知，此处要用 if 引导条件状语从句，表示“如 果”。] Ⅳ.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 (2019·济南高考模拟)This morning，when I was walking in the street，I saw that two traveler were reading a map，looked puzzled.It seemed that we were lost.I went up them and asked how I could help.They told me that they were looking for the Temple of Heaven.I lead them to a nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No.20， that could take them there directly.They appreciated my help great.Before long， the bus pulled out.They got on a bus and waved goodbye to me.Seeing them on the bus， and I felt a kind of satisfaction. [答案] This morning，when I was walking in the street，I saw that two traveler travelers were reading a map， looked looking puzzled.It seemed that we they were lost.I went up ∧ to them and asked how I could help.They told me that they were looking for the Temple of Heaven.I lead led them to a nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No.20， that which could take them there directly.They appreciated my help great greatly .Before long，the bus pulled out in .They got on a the bus and waved goodbye to me.Seeing them on the bus， and I felt a kind of satisfaction.