2021届新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练北师大版：选修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection作业 17页

课时提能练 43-44 课时提能练(四十三) 选修 8　Unit 22　Environmental Protection(A) 课时作业 A：基础层面 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．What on earth led you to_change (change) your mind at last? 2 ． The mother sacrificed many things to_get (get) her daughter a good education. 3．Given (give) another hour，I can also work out the problem. 4．Having suffered a lot from wars，people in that area call for an end to wars eagerly. 5．Increased production will，in turn，lead to increased profits. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．Only by this mean can we master English.mean→means 2．Pack ice around Iceland was becoming a threat with navigation.with→to 3．We must obey the principle all men are innocent until they are proved guilty. principle 后加 that 4．The policeman seized the thief by his arm immediately.his→the 5．Having trapped in the traffic jam for hours，he became impatient. Having 后加 been Ⅲ.选词成篇 A in turn，beyond one's control，result in，look ahead，take action，a number of，or else Humans have damaged the environment in 1.a_number_of aspects，which 2.in_turn has influenced our life.Besides this，it is 3.beyond_our_control.I think we humans should be responsible for it.4.Looking_ahead ， it is time for us to 5.take_action；6.or_else，it would 7.result_in greater damage. B carry off，apart from，lead to，on behalf of，answer for，call for an end to With more and more factories built in my hometown，a lot of agricultural land has been 8.carried_off，which has 9.led_to a rise in product prices.10.Apart_from this，the air and rivers have been heavily polluted.Obviously，the factories should 11.answer_for the consequences.So 12.on_behalf_of the villagers' benefit，the local government has decided to 13.call_for_an_end_to the factories' illegal behaviors. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．Given_her_interest_in_children(考虑到她对孩子的兴趣)，I'm sure teaching is the right career for her. 2．The girl always refers_to_the_reference_books_as (把她的参考书称作)her good friends and helpers. 3．Your explanation has led_me_to_a_clear_understanding_of_it(使我清楚地了解 了此事)． 4．It_is_our_turn_to (轮到我们去)look after our families since we have grown up. 5 ． My mother encouraged me and insisted that I (should)_continue_my_ education(继续我的教育)． 课时作业 B：能力层面 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2019·长春市质量监测一)Pangolins(穿山甲) are strange­looking creatures， covered with hard scales(鳞)．They can roll up into a ball to protect themselves from enemies and have tongues that are longer than their bodies. Pangolins have recently become the focus of Chinese people.A screenshot of a microblog post showing some people eating pangolins at a feast spread.A few days later ， people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals，including pangolins. Yet this is only the tip of the iceberg.Many more pangolins have been hunted or killed.According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)， more than 1 million of them have been killed or sold in the last 10 years.It also said that they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world.In September 2016，the IUCN added the pangolin to the world's “endangered animals list”．They are now more endangered than pandas. A growing trade of their scales and meat is the main reason for their decline in number.Many people in Asia and Africa consider pangolin meat is delicious.Some people even think pangolin scales have medical qualities.However，their scales are made of keratin(角蛋白)，the same material human fingernails are made of. Luckily，the situation is getting better.World Pangolin Day is on the third Saturday of February each year.It's a day to help people know more about pangolins.The government now stops anyone from buying and eating pangolins in China.Breaking this law is regarded as a crime，and the trade of pangolins across the world is also not allowed，according to the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了穿山甲濒临灭绝的现状，以及为保护穿山 甲而采取的举措。 1．Pangolins have caught people's attention these years because ________. A．they look strange B．they appear in some movies C．they are killed and eaten by people D．they have something to do with pandas C　[细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“attention”和“these years”，我们把答案 定位在第二段。该段开头说，穿山甲近来成为中国人关注的焦点，然后提到一张屏幕截图和 一些图片里，穿山甲成为人们的盘中珍馐，这与 C 项的描述是一致的。] 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Pangolins can roll up into a ball to attack enemies. B．More than 1 million pangolins were killed or sold last year. C．Pangolins were named the most endangered animal in 2016. D．The pangolin is a kind of mammals. D　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world”可知，穿山甲是一种哺乳动物。故选 D 项。] 3．The real aim of World Pangolin Day may be to ________. A．attract people to the zoo to watch pangolins B．lift people's awareness of protecting pangolins C．remind people of pangolins' medical value D．explain the law to people B　[推理判断题。根据题干中的“World Pangolin Day”，我们把答案定位在最后一段。 该段主要陈述为保护穿山甲而采取的举措，而这个节日能让人们更多地了解穿山甲，从而提 高人们保护穿山甲的意识，故 B 项符合题意。] 4．What might be the author's attitude towards the measures taken to protect pangolins? A．Positive.　　 B．Negative. C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned. A　[观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，中国政府禁止任何人购买和食用穿山甲，世 界各地也禁止买卖穿山甲，局面正在好转，由此可推知作者觉得这些措施是有效的，因此选 A。] B (2019·江西省三名校联考)When I was three years old，I couldn't speak.It was a strange reality that none of the doctors I visited could understand. One day ， I was shadowing( 尾 随 ) my mother.She found herself looking in a mirror ， and through it our eyes met.She began to speak to me through the reflection，and I slowly began to mimic(模仿) her mouth's movements until I formed a word. It turned out that I'm deaf in my left ear，and have a slight problem in my right.Being hard of hearing has been difficult，but I've never lived in a state of self­hating sorrow.Imagine being able to shut out all sound as you lay your head down to sleep by simply rolling over onto one side.That's my reality when I sleep on my “good ear”，and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes. People call my deaf side my “bad ear”， but when I wear my hearing aid，I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people don't.In cinemas，for example，with one click of a button I can enjoy a whole film as though it were whispered to me from the mouths of the actors. Owning a hearing aid hasn't always felt good，however.On the first day I got my aid，when I was eight，I took it to school for show and tell.As I explained how it worked to my classmates，a boy yelled out，“Aren't those for old men？” At that moment，I felt different.It took a long time for me to get over that sense of being so unlike my peers. But it's not just schoolkids who can make us deaf and hard­of­hearing people feel like burdens.Every video on social media that lacks subtitles(字幕)，for example， means an entire community of deaf people is unable to enjoy it.Completely deaf people are excluded from enjoying many movies too，as subtitles in cinemas are almost impossible to find. And with hearing aids costing around $2,500 each，it can be hard for many people to afford to be able to listen to things that others take for granted.As for me， I can listen to music，enjoy films，and catch conversations—I'm lucky.I'm deaf， but I can still hear everything.I've been blessed with wonderful life experiences，and I am human.And when it comes to sleeping，I'm even superhuman. 【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了作者积极应对自己听力障碍的励志故事。 5．How does the author view his hearing difficulty? A．It's a disaster and causes him a lot of trouble. B．It gave him a chance to experience something special. C．It made him feel embarrassed in front of his classmates. D．It helped him to live in his own world without being interrupted. B　[推理判断题。根据对第三段的整体理解，尤其是最后一句“That's my reality when I sleep on my “good ear”， and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.”可 推知，听力障碍让作者有了与众不同的体验，与最后一段倒数第二句“I've been blessed with wonderful life experiences，and I am human.”呼应，故选 B。] 6．What can be inferred from the passage about the author? A．He was born deaf. B．He is optimistic and helpful. C．His family and classmates have supported him a lot. D．The hearing aid brings much convenience to his daily life. D　[推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“People call my deaf side my ‘bad ear’， but when I wear my hearing aid，I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people don't.”和对本段的整体理解可推知，助听器给作者的生活带来了诸多便利， 故选 D。] 7．What is the author's attitude toward his life? A．Grateful. B．Anxious. C．Excited. D．Disappointed. A　[观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句“As for me，I can listen to music，enjoy films，and catch conversations—I'm lucky.”和第四句“I've been blessed with wonderful life experiences，and I am human.”可推知，作者对自己的生活充满感激之情， 故选 A。] 8．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage? A．To give advice on life to disabled people. B．To show how difficult life is for disabled people. C．To share his experience of treating a disadvantage with gratitude. D．To show the convenience a hearing aid could bring. C　[写作意图题。根据对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲述了作者积极应对听力障碍 的励志故事，故选 C。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2019·合肥市第一次教学质量检测) Apologizing the Right Way to a Fiend Why are apologies so difficult? Saying you are sorry can be the most difficult thing you do.But we all make mistakes，so you'll probably have an occasion when you need to apologize.Perhaps you had blew up at someone and realized later you reacted poorly.__1__.Whatever the reason，apologizing can help you both heal and move on from the situation. __2__.First，you acknowledge that you did something wrong.With an apology，you take responsibility for your actions ， which allows your friend to forgive you.Second，an apology gives your sincerity as a friend.__3__， but that doesn't mean we still shouldn't apologize. Now，what are elements of a proper apology? __4__， depending on what the offense was，where it was done，and who you are apologizing to.In general，a good apology should include the following：a request for their attention，an acknowledgment of what happened，sincerity in admitting you did something wrong and the words “I'm sorry” or “I apologize”．Here are things never to say when apologizing.Note that the art of apologizing involves taking responsibility.Never apologize as a way to “shut someone up” when they are saying you hurt their feelings and you don't think you did.__5__， you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across.You'll really need to self­reflect so you can see things from your friend's point of view. A．When you make your apology in person B．If you really believe you did nothing wrong C．Apologies benefit friendships in a variety of ways D．The way you apologize is going to be slightly different E．Or maybe you just didn't show support when you needed to F．Apologizing the right way，however，may take a little practice G．Sometimes our pals forgive us easily for the minor things we do wrong 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了向朋友道歉的正确方法。 1．E　[根据空后的“Whatever the reason”可知，空处与空前一句讲的是向朋友道歉 的原因，所以选项 E 与语境相符，且选项 E 中的“maybe”与空前一句中的“Perhaps”相呼 应，故选 E。] 2．C　[空处位于段落句首主题句的位置；通读该段可知，该段主要讲的是道歉对友谊 的好处，故 C 项符合语境。] 3．G　[根据空后的“but that doesn't mean we still shouldn't apologize”可知，G 项“有时我们的朋友轻易地就原谅了我们犯的小错误”符合语境。] 4．D　[根据空后的“depending on...who you are apologizing to”可知，D 项“你 道歉的方法要稍微不同”与之衔接自然，故选 D 项。] 5．B　[根据空后的“you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across”可知，B 项“如果你确实认为你没做错 什么”与之联系紧密，故选 B 项。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2019·昆明市摸底调研)Lions tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 1.________(avoid) human beings，a new study finds. Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature.Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away 2.________ people.By being awake at night，animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time 3.________(look) for food. The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can 4.________(fright) animals and cause them to become more active at night. 5.______ had been studied were lions in Tanzania，tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil. Researchers compared 6.________(careful) how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities，such as hunting and farming.7.________ was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in night­time activities， even in creatures that usually sleep at night.Results 8.________(publish) in the journal Science two months ago. The new findings are 9.________(usual) because no one else has looked at it in such detail before.Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 10.________(surprise) that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat. 【语篇解读】　人类活动导致许多动物在夜间保持清醒以保持警惕状态。 1．to avoid　[考查非谓语动词。狮子、老虎以及其他的动物在夜间保持清醒旨在避开 人类。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。] 2．from　[考查固定搭配。keep away from...“远离……”，为固定搭配。] 3．looking　[考查固定用法。spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”为固定用法。] 4．frighten　[考查动词。最新研究表明，即使像务农和野营这样的活动也会惊吓到动 物，进而导致它们夜间变得更加活跃。情态动词 can 后应接动词原形，故应用名词 fright 的动词形式 frighten。] 5．What　[考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且缺少主语，故用 what， 意为“……的事物”。] 6．carefully　[考查副词。修饰句中的谓语动词 compared 应使用副词。] 7．It　[考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，去掉 was 和 that 之后，句子表意完整， 故该句为强调句型“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”。] 8．were published　[考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，谓语动词 publish 和句子的主 语 Results 是被动关系，且根据时间状语 twomonthsago 可知，描述的是发生在过去的事情， 故用一般过去时的被动语态。] 9．unusual　[考查形容词。先前没人对此进行过如此详细的研究，所以这些新的发现 显得不同寻常。] 10．surprised　[考查形容词。此处为过去分词作表语，表示主语 Marlee Tucker 的状 态，故用形容词 surprised。] Ⅳ.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 (2019·成都市第二次诊断性检测)Last year，my friend and I went to visit the Yellow Mountain.We carried two backpacks，that turned out to be pretty heavier for the hike.I am not an experiencing hiker and those endless steps make me want to return to the safe and comfortable ground.But my friend encouraged me great.“Look，the top is coming closer and closer.We are almost there.”I pulled me together and kept going.After three­hour exhausting hike to the top，but with wonderful sceneries on the way，we got to the top finally.For our pleasure，we also found a hotel that looked very much inviting. [答案]　 Last year，my friend and I went to visit the Yellow Mountain.We carried two backpacks ， that which turned out to be pretty heavier heavy for the hike.I am not an experiencing experienced hiker and those endless steps make made me want to return to the safe and comfortable ground.But my friend encouraged me great greatly.“Look，the top is coming closer and closer.We are almost there.” I pulled me myself together and kept going.After ∧ a three­hour exhausting hike to the top，but with wonderful sceneries scenery on the way，we got to the top finally. For To our pleasure，we also found a hotel that looked very 　much　inviting. 课时提能练(四十四) 选修 8　Unit 22　Environmental Protection(B) 课时作业 A：基础层面 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．If you stick to that，you shall answer for the consequences. 2．It is said that he is the only one of the students that was_praised (praise) at the meeting. 3．It's considerate (consider) of the witness to warm the plate before she serves the food. 4．His nationality isn't relevant to whether he's a good teacher. 5．The book referred (refer) to last time has been sold out. Ⅱ.单句改错 6．The newer will be the substitute with me as your English teacher.with→for 7．Pupils should be helped to adapt a positive approach to the environment. adapt→adopt 8．They advocate that everyone lives a low carbon life.lives→live 9．“It's such a nice place，”Mother said as she sat at the table serving for customers.serving→served 10．In the past few years thousands of films have produced all over the world. have 后加 been Ⅲ.完成句子 1．从各方面来说，那都是极大的成功。 All_in_all it had been a great success. 2．你往远处看，便可以看见村庄里的灯光。 Look_ahead in the distance，and you can see the lights of the village. 3．我们得采取行动来制止他们。 We have to take_action_to_stop them. 4．他除了脸部和双手受伤以外，两条腿也断了。 Apart_from the injuries to his face and hands，he broke both legs. 5．保罗的母亲因为自己无力抚养他，便将他送给别人收养了。 Paul's mother had_him_adopted because she couldn't look after him herself. 课时作业 B：能力层面 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2019·太原阶段测试)Diamonds are considered the most famous and valuable jewel in the world.The precious stone for its great value is believed to be the symbol of wealth.Diamonds are made as a result of great volcanic heat and pressure.When a volcano is active，it sometimes explodes and causes great damage to the nearby towns. However，at the same time of such a disaster，diamonds were pushed towards the surface of the earth by a number of great volcanic explosions millions of years ago.Thus，it may be very likely to find a diamond after a volcanic eruption. Besides ， diamonds are also found among the sandy sandstone of certain river beds，and in a few places on the sea floor，for they were washed down the mountain sides by the rain. Diamonds are very rare.There are not many places that produce such precious things in the world.During the last century adventurers from Europe went to Brazil， because they had heard that there were diamonds in the Amazon River.Many of these early diamond miners died of illness or were lost forever in the great forests.But some returned home rich. The earliest known diamonds were found in India many centuries ago. The_most_recent_and_exciting_discoveries_have_been_made_in_eastern_Russia.But most of the world's diamonds now come from the Congo，from Tanzania，and also from South Africa—which has the largest diamond mines in the world. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了钻石的来源和产地。 1．What do we know about diamonds according to the passage? A．Diamonds are always accompanied by volcanic eruptions. B．Diamonds are created by volcanic eruptions. C．Diamonds are considered as a sign of wealth. D．Diamonds could be always found in a few riverbanks. C　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“The precious stone for its great value is believed to be the symbol of wealth.”可知，钻石被认为是财富的象征。] 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a famous place producing diamonds? A．The Congo.　　 B．South Africa. C．India. D．Western Europe. D　[细节理解题。根据第三、四两段对钻石产地的介绍可知，西欧并不在有名的钻石产 地之列。] 3．What can we know from the third paragraph? A．Diamond mining can be dangerous for the miners. B．Brazil plays a more important role in diamond mining. C．The Amazon River has no large diamond mines nowadays. D．Many miners returned home due to the risks in diamond mining. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Many of these early diamond miners died of illness or were lost forever in the great forests.”可知，开采钻石对采矿者来说有 可能是危险的，故 A 项正确。] 4．What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph? A．Eastern Russia has been famous for diamond mining for a long time. B．The diamond deposit in eastern Russia wasn't discovered until recently. C ． Eastern Russia is not as important as African countries in diamond mining. D．The eastern part of Russia will replace all African countries in diamond mining. B　[句意理解题。画线句前一句提到已知的最早的钻石在印度被发现，后一句提到现在 大部分钻石来源于刚果民主共和国、坦桑尼亚和南非。由此可推知，画线句讲的应是最近在 俄罗斯东部发现了钻石，故 B 项“直到最近人们才在俄罗斯东部发现钻石矿床”正确。] B (2019·成都第一次诊断)Food blogs，celebrities，and nutritionists all advocate the benefits of eating organic(有机的) fruits and vegetables.But a new study published in Science Advances paints a more complex picture.While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and，in some ways，more sustainable to grow， there are also downsides. Organic fruits and vegetables typically cost more than conventional ones.To get a certificate as organic，farmers must meet specific criteria，including growing produce without the use of genetic engineering and chemical inputs.Without these methods，the growing process typically requires more labor，time，and money，a cost that is passed down to consumers. It's true that in many ways ， organic farming is more sustainable than conventional farming.But when it comes to environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas output and water loss，the comparison gets complex.Organic farms produce less greenhouse gas output per acre.However，because they are barred from using genetic engineering，pesticides(杀虫剂)，and other methods that increase efficiency(效 率)，organic farms also produce an estimated 19% to 25% less yield than conventional farms.While there isn't a whole lot of research on the topic，the few studies that do exist suggest greenhouse gas output and water loss might actually be higher on organic farms，on a per unit basis，says study author Verena Seufert. In addition，while organic produce is likely more nutritious than conventional fruits and vegetables，there's not a lot of evidence to support the claim that these often slight differences influence consumer health.The same is true for the pesticide remainder.In developed countries，where pesticide use is tightly regulated， there's no scientific consensus on how these often slight differences influence human health. Still，Seufert stresses that if you can afford to eat organic produce，you should do so.Organic farms provide safer work environments for workers，plus they support great biodiversity.The real take away from her study is not that organic produce is bad but that the practice needs more studies to increase the yield without lowering sustainability. But if you can't afford to buy organic produce ， don't stress too much ， particularly from a nutritional perspective. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了有机农产品的一些情况，体现了学 科核心素养中的“环保意识、健康饮食意识”的文化品格。 5．What does the underlined word “downsides” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Dangers.　　 B．Drawbacks. C．Benefits. D．Differences. B　[词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“While organic produce...also downsides.” 可知，虽然有机农产品可能稍微健康些，但在某些方面，也有其缺点。再结合语境和下文陈 述的有机农产品的缺点可以判断，画线词应指有机农产品不好的一面，B 项意为“缺点”， 故 B 项正确。] 6．Which key factor makes it hard to compare organic farming with conventional farming when it comes to environmental concerns? A．The yield. B．The price. C．The water loss. D．The labor. A　[细节理解题。根据题干关键词“hard to compare”定位至第三段第二句“But when it...complex.”，由此可知，当涉及诸如温室气体排放和水资源损失等环境问题时，比较传 统农业和有机农业就困难了；且根据第三段其他内容可知，虽然有机农业与传统农业相比更 可持续，但因为不能使用基因工程技术、杀虫剂及其他提高效率的方法，有机农业的产量相 对低，故产量是使得两者之间的比较变得困难的重要因素。A 项意为“产量”，故 A 项正 确。] 7．Which of the following will the author most probably agree with? A．Farmers' work environment should be improved. B．Organic produce should be made more efficiently. C．It isn't wise for consumers to buy organic products. D．The pesticide remainder does no harm to people's health. B　[推理判断题。根据第三段第四句可知，由于禁止使用基因工程技术和杀虫剂等，有 机农场的产量估计会比传统农场的产量低 19%至 25%。据此可以判断，应当提高有机农业的 生产效率，故 B 项正确。第五段的最后一句亦是提示。] 8．In the author's opinion，why should we support organic produce? A．It's environmentally friendly. B．It's more nutritious. C．It helps keep the variety of plants. D．It's safer for consumers. C　[推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“Organic farms provide safer work environments for workers，plus they support great biodiversity.”可知，有机农场为工人提供更安 全的工作环境，而且有机农场有助于保持生物多样性。据此可以判断，我们应当提倡有机农 产品的原因之一是能保持生物的多样性，故 C 项正确。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2019·济南高考模拟)Smartphones store a lot of personal data.These devices know our names，the names of our friends，our addresses and where we are right now.__1__ A weather app needs to know where a person is to report the local forecast，for example. Many smartphone apps don't cost anything to download and use.But don't be fooled.There's still a price.__2__ Those same apps may often send data on to advertisers as well.Those advertisers will pay well to know how people behave and live.Once your data leave a device，you can't get them back.And that data theft may not be harmless.Moreover，those data may tell when someone leaves home and when he gets back.__3__ Social media sites often have access to a user's images and posts. Recently a new online tool has been developed to track the misuse of private data.__4__ It tells people when their apps are sending data，which can help spot the misuse.SPEProxy identifies the misuse of data using an approach that has already been used to diagnose illnesses. In the clinical field，a kind of medical software is used to collect data from a patient.Then it compares them to those symptoms of many possible illnesses to make a diagnosis. Right now ， people can only track data with the new tool by going to a website. __5__ It's also a bit awkward to use.People may not want to go to the trouble of getting online to track their data.A more convenient version that people could install on their phones is in urgent need. A．It is called SPEProxy. B．That means it's limited. C．It is more than convenient to use in computers. D．Your privacy is what's paying for it. E．Some apps use those data to do their job. F．Some apps may charge you much money to operate. G．They can show how and where people spend their days. 【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了人们使用智能手机时的个人信息安全问题。 1．E　[根据空后的“A weather app needs to know where a person is to report the local forecast，for example.”可知，空后举了一个例子：一款天气应用软件需要知道一 个人的位置来报告当地的天气预报。因此本空应说明手机应用软件需要一些数据来工作，故 选 E 项。] 2．D　[根据空前的“There's still a price.”可知，使用手机应用软件是有代价的， D 项“Your privacy is what's paying for it.”(你的隐私就是为此付出的代价)符合文意， 故选 D 项。] 3．G　[根据空前的“Moreover，those data may tell when someone leaves home and when he gets back.”(这些数据能显示一个人何时离家、何时返回)及空后的“Social media sites often have access to a user's images and posts.”(社交媒体网站经常访问用户 的图片和帖子)可知，本空应说明手机应用软件泄露个人隐私的情况，故 G 项“They can show how and where people spend their days.”(它们能够显示人们度过这一天的方式和地点)符 合文意，故选 G 项。] 4．A　[空前的“Recently a new online tool has been developed to track the misuse of private data.”介绍了一款能够追踪私人数据被滥用的在线工具，A 项“It is called SPEProxy.”(它的名字是 SPEProxy)承接上文，符合文意，故选 A 项。] 5．B　[根据空前的“Right now，people can only track data with the new tool by going to a website.”可知，这款工具只能进入网站来追踪数据，因此它的使用还是有局限 性的，故选 B 项。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2019·成都第二次诊断)If you speak to a local about your stay in Chengdu，they'll probably ask if you've tried hot pot.Everyone 1.________(live) here seems to love it，and trying it should be a 2.________(fix) part of everyone's culinary tour of Sichuan. Hot pot restaurants can 3.________(find) on pretty much every street in Chengdu， but the quality and taste can vary hugely. When you do go for hot pot，you will often be asked to make a 4.________ (choose) of broth in which you cook your raw ingredients(食材)．If you're 5.________(adventure) and up for a challenge，the traditional oily spicy broth might be just the thing you're after.But 6.________ you haven't yet fully adapted to the local taste，you'd better choose a non­spicy broth，or 7.______(go) for a less spicy option. Bear 8.________ mind that some broths like the tomato，mushroom or northern style will not be on offer at every restaurant. Half spicy and half clear broth is 9.________(ready) available at most restaurants；these pots either come divided down the middle like a giant yin and yang，or with 10.________ separate smaller pot of clear broth in the middle.If you can't bear too much chili and oil，but want to have a try，ask for yuanyangguo. 【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了成都的特色饮食——火锅。 1．living　[考查非谓语动词。live 和句子谓语 seems 之间没有连词，故空处应用非 谓语动词，且动词 live 和句子主语 Everyone 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定 语。] 2．fixed　[考查非谓语动词。动词 fix 和其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用 过去分词作定语。] 3．be found　[考查动词语态。动词 find 和句子主语 Hot pot restaurants 之间是被动 关系，故应用被动语态。] 4．choice　[考查词性转换。根据空前的 a 和空后的 of 可知空处应填名词的单数形 式。] 5．adventurous　[考查形容词。根据空前的 you're 可知，此处应用形容词 adventurous 作表语。] 6．if/when　[考查连词。根据语境可知，空处可用 if 引导条件状语从句，表示对情况 的假设；也可用 when 来引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。] 7．go　[考查动词。根据连词 or 可知，此处 go 和动词 choose 是并列关系，故用动词 原形形式。had better do sth.“最好做某事”。] 8．in　[考查介词。bear (sth.) in mind 意为“记住某事”，为固定搭配，故用介词 in。] 9．readily　[考查副词。空处修饰形容词应用副词，故填 readily，在句子中作状 语。] 10．a　[考查冠词。pot 是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，又因 separate 的发音以辅音 音素开头，故用不定冠词 a。] Ⅳ.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 (2019·武汉 4 月调研)I once had a bad experience.One day several years ago，I went shop with my friends.As I entered a small shoe store，but I saw two women selecting shoes.Suddenly they raise their voice and began to talk loudly about how beautifully the shoes were and how low the price was.Just then an old couple walked onto the shop.The two women urged her to buy a pair.When the couple left a store with the shoes，I noticed the shop owner gave the two women some cashes.He also promised offer them more unless more people bought his shoes. [答案]　 I once had a bad experience.One day several years ago，I went shop shopping with my friends.As I entered a small shoe store，but　I saw two women selecting shoes. Suddenly they raise raised their voice and began to talk loudly about how beautifully beautiful the shoes were and how low the price was.Just then an old couple walked onto into the shop.The two women urged her them to buy a pair.When the couple left a the store with the shoes，I noticed the shop owner gave the two women some cashes cash .He also promised ∧ to offer them more unless if/when more people bought his shoes.