2021届高三高考英语一轮复习语法专练 专题03 代词、介词和冠词专练（一）（解析版） 6页

第 1 页 共 6 页 2021 高考英语一轮复习语法考点代词、介词和冠词专练（一） 解析版 一、基础达标测试（本题共 30 小题，每题 1 分，共 30 分） 1.(2020· 郑州一中三模 ) In recent years, stress has been regarded ____ a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. has been regarded 【解析】考查介词。句意：近年来，压力被认为一系列医疗问题的原因，从高血压到精神疾病。be regarded as“被认为是。。。”, 故填 as. 2.(2020·烟台一中一模) The mother continued to care for the young panda more than two years. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介词。熊猫妈妈继续照看孩子超过两年，介词 for 加时间，表示一段，故填 for. 3.(2020·哈三中质检) By that time, the panda no longer needed (it)mother for food. 【答案】its. 【解析】考查代词。观察句子结构可知，它的妈妈，用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填 its. 4.（2020.绥化一中三模）A few hours earlier, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with (it) choking smog. 【答案】its 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：带着窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用 its. 5.The girl was sitting on the chair quietly, burying ___________ (she) in the magazine in the hands. 【答案】herself 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：女孩安静地坐在椅子上，把自己埋在手中的杂志里。与主句主语 the girl 相呼应，用反身代词 herself，故填 herself. 6.My father kept _________(him) word and treated me to a wonderful sightseeing trip after I won the contest. 【答案】his 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我赢得比赛后，我父亲遵守了他的诺言，带我去游览了一番。 keep one's word 守信；遵守诺言，固定短语，设空处应用其形容词性物主代词形式。故填 his. 7.I wish to thank Mr. Smith, and without __________(he) help I would never have got this far. 【答案】his 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我要感谢史密斯先生，如果没有他的帮助，我不可能走到今天这 第 2 页 共 6 页 一步。因此空格处为 his，故填 his. 8.They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things ________ same way. 【答案】the 【解析】考查定冠词。句意：他们可能想伤害你，或者他们只是不用同样的方式看待事物。当名词前有 形容词 same 修饰时，same 前必须加定冠词 the.故填 the. 9.It’s unfair that he gets away _________________ cheating because he’s a famous author. 【答案】with 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：因为他是著名的作家逃脱惩罚是不公平的。get away with 逃脱惩罚，是固 定短语。故填 with. 10.Which opinion you agree with is up ________ you. 【答案】to 【解析】本题考查介词。句意：你同意哪个观点取决于你自己。up to 由……决定，固定短语。结合句意， 故填 to. 11.Both the Summer and the Winner Olympics are held every four years ________a regular basis. 【答案】on 【解析】考查介词。句意：夏季和冬季奥运会每四年举行一次。on a regular basis 定期地，固定短语。结 合句意，故填 on. 12.The nurse feels proud that she can help here and there, and make a difference ________ people's lives. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。短语 make a difference to 意思是“对……产生影响”，是固定搭配，故填 to. 13.We should not judge a person ________ his appearance but people make that mistake from time to time. 【答案】by/from 【解析】考查介词 by/from 和固定搭配。句意：我们不应该根据一个人的外貌来判断一个人，但是人们不 时地会犯那个错误。judge by/from 是固定短语搭配“根据……判断”，故填 by/from. 14.Playing these games can lead ________ anti-social behaviour. 【答案】to 【解析】考查固定搭配中的介词。句意：玩这些游戏会导致反社会行为。lead to 是固定词组，意思是导致， 通向，故填 to. 16.I must warn you that my patience is almost coming to______ end． 第 3 页 共 6 页 【答案】an 【解析】考查冠词和固定搭配。句意：我必须警告你，我的忍耐快到头了。end 以元音因素开头，应用 an； come to an end“结束”是固定短语。故填 an. 17.My father is ________ excellent engineer, who has a good knowledge of his field. 【答案】an 【解析】考查冠词。句意：我父亲是一位优秀的工程师，他对自己的领域有很好的了解。 excellent engineer 以元音音素开头，所以前面要加不定冠词 an，故填 an. 18.The little pupil seized his younger brother by _________ arm and ran across the street with him. 【答案】the 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：这个小学生抓住弟弟的胳膊，和他一起跑过马路。seize sb. by the arm 为 固定短语，意为“抓住某人的胳膊”。故填 the. 19.Completing such a heavy task in such a short time is actually ________ great challenge to us. 【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。句意：在这么短的时间内完成这么重的任务对我们来说是一个巨大的挑战。challenge 挑战， 是可数名词的单数形式，此处意思是一个巨大的挑战，great 以辅音音素开头，所以前面要加不定冠 词 a，故填 a. 20.Scientists have many theories about how ________universe came into existence. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：关于宇宙是如何存在的，科学家们有许多理论。表示世界上独一无二的的事物 用 the，故填 the. 二、真题实战演练（本题共 10 小题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 1.（2019.全国卷 I）Modem methods ______ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s. 【答案】of/for 【解析】考查固定短语。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作 Modern methods 的定语，用 of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“…的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用 for。故填 of/for. 2.（2019.全国卷 I）Of ______ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】the 第 4 页 共 6 页 【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的 19 个北极熊亚种群中”，故填 the. 3.(2019.全国卷 II )When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was ______ joke. 【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处 joke 为泛指，故填 a. 4.（2018.全国卷 I）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming. 【答案】than 【解析】考查介词。句意：虽然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报告上说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比, 跑步对延长寿命更有效。根据题干中的“more effective”可知设空处需填介词 than.故填 than. 5（.2018.全国卷 I）If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give running _____try. 【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。句意:如果你时间不充裕,你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同样的收 益,因此或许我们都应该试一试跑步。设空处考查短语 give sth a try“尝试某事”。故填 a. 6（.2018.全国卷 II）Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意:在过去的 25 年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近 125%,而水稻的产量只增长了 7%。 over the past 25 years 在过去的 25 年里。故填 the. 7.(2017.全国卷 I) Fast food is full of fat and salt; by (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 【答案】eating 【解析】考查介词用法。by 在此处为介词,表示方式,故后面接动名词形式。故填 eating. 8.(2017.全国卷Ⅱ) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work. 【答案】from 【解析】考查介词短语。由语境可知此处指“上下班(to and from work)”.故填 from. 9.(2016.全国卷 II) Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 【答案】on 第 5 页 共 6 页 【解析】考查固定搭配。“be focus on”是固定的短语，意为“专注于”；故填 on. 10.(2016.全国卷 II) So, get an early start and try to be as productive possible before lunch. 【答案】as 【解析】考查固定搭配。短语 as…as possible”为固定的表达，意为：尽可能..的干某事；故填 as. 三、代词、介词和冠词专项综合训练（本题共 10 小题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分） When I walked down Third Avenue, __1__ the whole, I used to look into the windows of__2__ an old shop that sold old and beautiful things.Since I often took my walk __3__the closing time, I cupped my hands against the windows to get __4__ small look at the treasures inside. Some things looked as if they had not been noticed for __5__ long time，but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface.I even thought they were __6__ most beautiful that I had ever seen.That was how I felt about old people, too.I knew their value, and it hurt me when others missed it.I was raised by my grandmother and given a deep sense of the value of experience.Taught to behave_7______(our) well，my sister and I respected other people, regardless of their age or color.My grandmother was loved by all __8__ people around her.She was known to be __9__ wise and kind woman, who was able to do things well even in her last years. Old people should be treated ____10___ fine gold.They may be gradually tarnished (失去光泽) by age, but they can be polished with respect.You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities. 1.【答案】on 【解析】本题考查介词短语。on the whole 为固定短语，意为“通常,总的说来”, 故填 as. 2.【答案】an 【解析】本题考查冠词。本空表示泛指，设空处后 old 的读音以元音音素开头，故设空处用不定冠词 an. 3.【答案】after 【解析】本题考查介词。句意：由于我经常在关门后散步，所以我把手缩在窗户上，看了看里面的珍宝。 根据句意和语境，可以推断出是在“关门后”，故填 after. 4.【答案】a 【解析】本题考查冠词。get a look at 为固定短语，意为“看一眼”。 5.【答案】a 【解析】本题考查冠词。一些东西看上去好像很长时间没有人管了。for a long time“很长时间”。 6.【答案】the 【解析】本题考查冠词。设空处后有 most，且 most 和后面的形容词构成最高级，故设空处为 the. 7.【答案】ourselves 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：我和我妹妹都非常懂规矩，很尊敬别人，不管他们的年龄或肤色如何。固 定短语 behave oneself 懂规矩，表现好，故填 ourselves. 8.【答案】the 【解析】本题考查冠词。设空处后的 people 在本句中表示特指，故设空处填 the. 第 6 页 共 6 页 9.【答案】a 【解析】本题考查冠词。句意：众所周知，她是一位有智慧而且善良的女人。woman 在本句中表示泛指， 故填 a. 10.【答案】as 【解析】本题考查介词。句意：老人应该受到精心的对待。固定短语 be treated as 表示“被当作。。。对 待”，故填 as.