2019年度高考英语人教版必修三课堂要点精析讲义：Unit2SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading 12页

Sometimes people want to know what type of food is healthy， ‎ and what kind of food may hurt our health. The ‎United States ‎ Department of Agriculture has prepared a small book to help ‎ people learn about which types of foods are the healthiest to eat. ‎ The book describes six basic food groups： meat， dairy products ‎ (things made from milk)， grains， fruits and vegetables. The ‎ last group is fat， oil and sweets.‎ As a result of years of research，‎ ‎ we know that too much fat is bad for our health. For example， ‎ Americans eat a lot of meat and only a small amount of grains，‎ ‎ fruits and vegetables. Because of this， they often get cancer and ‎ heart disease. In Japan， on the other hand， people eat ‎ large amounts of grains and very little meat. They also have a ‎ very low rate of cancer and heart disease. In fact， the Japanese ‎ live longer than people in any other country. Unfortunately， ‎ when Japanese people move to the United States， the rate of heart ‎ disease and cancer increases as their diet changes. What's more，‎ ‎ as hamburgers and other highfat foods become common in Japan，‎ ‎ the rate of heart disease and cancer is increasing there as well.People are also eating more meat and dairy products in other countries such as Cuba and Hungary. It's no surprise that the disease rate in these countries is increasing along with the change in diet. Therefore， doctors everywhere advise people to eat more grains， fruits and vegetables， and eat less meat and dairy products.‎ Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading — Prereading COME AND EAT HERE (1)‎ Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant ①feeling very frustrated②. It had been a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued③ mutton④ kebabs⑤， roast⑥ pork, stirfried⑦ vegetables and fried rice⑧. Then by lunchtime⑨ they would all be sold. By now his restaurant ought to⑩ be full of people. But not today! Why was that? What could have happened⑪？ He thought of⑫ his mutton, beef and bacon⑬ cooked in the hottest, finest oil⑭. His cola was sugary⑮ and cold, and his ice cream was made of⑯ milk, cream and delicious fruit. “Nothing could be better⑰，” he thought. Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by⑱.“Hello, Lao Li，” he called. “Your usual？⑲” But Li Chang seemed not to hear. What was the matter? Something terrible must have happened⑳ if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.‎ Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a small new restaurant. He saw a sign at the door.‎ Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight？‎ Come inside Yong Hui's slimming restaurant.‎ Only slimming foods served here.‎ Make yourself thin again！‎ ‎①现在分词短语feeling very frustrated作伴随状语。‎ ‎②frustrated adj.沮丧的；懊恼的 frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧 frustration n．懊恼；沮丧 ‎③barbecue/'bɑːbIkjuː/vt.&n.烧烤；烤肉 ‎④mutton/'mʌtn/n.羊肉 ‎⑤kebab/kI'bæb/n.(＝kabob/kə'bɒb/)(印度)烤腌羊肉串 ‎⑥roast/rəʊst/adj.烤制的vt.&vi.烤；烘；烘烤 ‎⑦stirfry vt.用旺火炒(或煎、煸)‎ ‎⑧fried rice炒米饭 ‎⑨by lunchtime到午饭时间　by表示“不迟于；到……时”。‎ ‎⑩ought to应当；应该，相当于should。‎ ought/ɔːt/v.aux.应当；应该 ‎⑪can/could have done用在疑问句中，表示对过去事情的推测，意为“可能做过(某事)”。‎ ‎⑫think of想起 ‎⑬bacon/'beIkən/n.熏咸肉；腊肉 ‎⑭过去分词短语cooked in ...作后置定语，修饰mutton, beef and bacon。‎ ‎⑮sugary/'ʃʊɡərI/adj.含糖的；甜的 ‎⑯be made of由……制成(能看出原材料)‎ be made from由……制成(看不出原材料)‎ ‎⑰否定词与比较级连用表示最高级的含义。‎ ‎⑱see sb. doing sth.结构。‎ ‎⑲Your usual？补全后应为：Do you want your usual food?‎ ‎⑳must have done表示对过去已经发生的事情作肯定性推测，意思是“一定做过(某事)”。‎ sign/saIn/n.牌示；标记；符号　give sb. a sign示意某人 这是省略的句子，完整的形式是：Are you ‎ tired of all that fat? Do you want to lose weight?‎ be tired of对……厌烦　be tired from因……而疲倦 lose weight体重减轻；减肥 slim/slIm/vi.变细；减肥 adj.苗条的；纤细的 到这里来用餐吧(1)‎ ‎[以上部分译文]‎ 王鹏坐在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到很沮丧。这个上午真的很奇怪。通常他很早就起床，准备他的菜单——烤羊肉串、烤猪肉、炒菜和炒米饭。然后到午饭时分，这些饭菜都会卖完。到了这个时候，他的餐馆本该宾客盈门的，但今天却不是！为什么会这样？发生了什么事？他想起了他用滚烫的精制油烹制的羊肉、牛肉和腊肉。他的可乐又甜又凉，冰淇淋是用牛奶、奶油和美味的水果制成的。他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”突然间，他看到自己的朋友李昌匆匆走过。他喊道：“喂，老李。你还是吃老一套吧？”可是李昌似乎没有听到。怎么回事呢？如果李昌不像往常那样到他餐馆里吃饭，那一定发生了很严重的事情。‎ 王鹏跟着李昌来到一家新开张的小餐馆，他看见门口有一块招牌。‎ 肥腻的东西吃厌了吧？想变瘦吗？‎ 请到雍慧减肥餐馆来吧。‎ 此处只供应减肥食品。‎ 让你恢复苗条！‎ Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. It was full of people. The hostess， a very thin lady, came forward. “Welcome，” she said. “My name is Yong Hui. I'll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here every day.” Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng. There were few choices of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar， fruit and water. Wang Peng was amazed at this and ‎ curiosity/ˌkjʊərI'ɒsətI/n.好奇心 out of curiosity出于好奇 drive在本句中意为“驱使”‎ hostess/'həʊstIs/n.女主人；女主持人　be fit健康强壮 raw/rɔː/adj.生的；未加工的 raw materials原材料　raw vegetables生蔬菜 vinegar/'vInIɡə/n.醋 be amazed at因/对……感到惊奇/吃惊 especially at the prices. It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant! He could not believe his eyes. He threw down the menu and hurried outside. On his way home he thought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies！ He had better do some research！‎ At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui's far too little. Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui's food, they were not eating enough energygiving food to keep them fit. They would become tired very quickly. Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home. Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back. So he wrote：‎ Want to feel fit and energetic?‎ Come and eat here! Discounts today!‎ Our food gives you energy all day！‎ The competition between the two restaurants was on！‎ throw down扔下；甩下 think about考虑；想起 have sb. doing sth.容忍某人做某事，一般用于否定句，doing为宾语补足语。‎ get away with受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚 tell a lie说谎 lie/laI/n.谎话；谎言 vi.说谎 lie说谎－lied－lied－lying lie躺；位于－lay－lain－lying lay放置－laid－laid－laying do some research做一些调查 even though＝even if “即使”，引导让步状语从句。‎ customer/'kʌstəmə/n.顾客；消费者 keep sb. fit是“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，意为“使某人保持健康”。‎ discount/'dIskaʊnt/n.折扣 with a discount通过打折 win ...back赢回；重新获得 all day＝all the day＝the whole day一整天 the competition between A and B　A和B之间的竞争 be on开始了 ‎[以上部分译文]‎ 王鹏在好奇心的驱使下，走了进去。里面坐满了人。店老板是一个清瘦的女人，走上前来说道：“欢迎光临！我叫雍慧。你如果每天来这儿用餐，我可以在两周内帮您减肥并让您的身体健康起来。”‎ 然后，她递给王鹏一份菜谱，菜谱上有很少的几样食物和饮料：只有米饭、蘸醋吃的生蔬菜、水果和水。王鹏对此感到吃惊，特别是对它们的价格。这价格比在他的餐馆里吃一顿好饭还要贵！他不能相信他的眼睛。他扔下菜谱就急着往外走。在回家的路上，他想起了自己的菜谱。那些菜让人发胖了吗？也许他该去图书馆查查看。他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉！他最好做一番调查！‎ 在图书馆，王鹏惊奇地发现：他的餐馆提供的食物脂肪含量太高，而雍慧的餐馆提供的食物脂肪含量太低。即使顾客吃雍慧的餐馆里的食物会变瘦，但他们摄取不到足够的能量来保持健康。他们很快就会感到疲乏。开车回家时，王鹏觉得又有了希望。也许打点折、写个新的招牌能够帮他赢回顾客。于是他写道：‎ 想保持健康又精力旺盛吗？‎ 到这里来用餐吧！今天打折！‎ 我们的食物能够给您提供一整天所需的能量！‎ 这两家餐馆之间的竞争开始了！‎ Prereading Please match the words with their proper meanings. ‎ ‎1．diet　　　　　　　 A．好奇心 ‎2．fry B．折扣 ‎3．slim C．生的；未加工的 ‎4．balance D．缺点；虚弱；弱点 ‎5．curiosity E．日常饮食；节食 ‎6．hostess F．强项；长处；力量 ‎7．raw G．变细；减肥；苗条的；纤细的 ‎8．lie H．顾客；消费者 ‎9．customer I．油煎；油炸 ‎10．discount J．平衡；权衡；天平 ‎11．weakness K．说谎；谎话；谎言 ‎12．strength L．女主人；女主持人 ‎1～5　________　6～10　________　11～12　________‎ 答案：1～5　EIGJA　6～10　LCKHB　11～12　DF Leadin Look at the following pictures, do you know in what ways the food helps you grow? ‎ They are energygiving_food,_ which provide energy.‎ They are bodybuilding_food,_which help grow bones and muscles.‎ They are protective_food,_which help the body fight diseases.‎ Whilereading Fastreading What is the main idea of the text?‎ The text is mainly about the_competition_between_Wang_Peng's_and_Yong_Hui's_restaurants. They served different_foods_in_their_restaurants. The foods in Wang Peng's served far_too_much_fat while Yong Hui's far_too_little.‎ Carefulreading Read the text carefully again and choose the best answers.‎ ‎1．What did Wang Peng think of the food in his restaurant?‎ A．Very bad.　　　　　 B．Popular.‎ C．Unpopular. D．Just soso.‎ ‎2．What did Wang Peng do after he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by?‎ A．He just sat in his restaurant feeling frustrated.‎ B．He did some research.‎ C．He followed Li Chang to see why he didn't eat with him.‎ D．He began to advertise his food.‎ ‎3．What can we learn from Wang Peng's research in the library?‎ A．Wang Peng's restaurant offered a balanced diet.‎ B．Yong Hui's restaurant offered a balanced diet.‎ C．Both of the restaurants offered a balanced diet.‎ D．Neither of the restaurants offered a healthy diet.‎ ‎4．To win his customers back, Wang Peng didn't ________.‎ A．improve his food B．advertise his food C．do some research D．find the shortcomings of Yong Hui's food ‎5．According to the text, we can infer that a balanced diet should contain ________.‎ A．much fat that can give energy ‎ B．no fat but rich fibers to keep fit C．only raw vegetables, fruits and water to keep slim D．enough energygiving food, fibered food as well 答案：1～5　BCDAD Studyreading Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.‎ ‎1．Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　如果李昌不像往常那样到他餐馆里吃饭，那一定发生了很严重的事情。‎ ‎2．I'll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here every day.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　你如果每天来这儿用餐，我可以在两周内帮您减肥并让您的身体健康起来。‎ ‎3．At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui's far too little.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　在图书馆，王鹏惊奇地发现：他的餐馆提供的食物脂肪含量太高，而雍慧的餐馆提供的食物脂肪含量太低。‎ ‎4．Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui's food, they were not eating enough energygiving food to keep them fit.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　即使顾客吃雍慧餐馆里的食物会变瘦，但他们摄取不到足够的能量来保持健康。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A That most Americans are falling short of the recommended eight hours of sleep per night is nothing new. Over time, staying awake in the night can come with a high cost. You should stop your night owl (夜猫子) habit.‎ Compared with people who turn in early, those who go to bed very late are more likely to suffer from repeated negative thoughts. The findings suggest that sleep disruption (扰乱) could actually be linked to the development of negative thoughts. Psychologists suggest that focusing on good sleep habits can help.‎ Have you been getting into a lot of arguments lately? There's one easy way to fix that. Too little sleep tends to leave people feeling badtempered and stressed. It means that little things that might not normally be a big deal can cause you to fly_off_the_handle. The result is more misunderstandings with those around you. Being well rested, on the other hand, will help you control your temper and you'll get along better with others.‎ According to AAA Foundation reports, people who sleep six to seven hours are twice as likely to have a car accident as those who sleep for eight hours or more when driving. People who sleep for five hours or less increase their risk up to fivefold. Go for 24 hours without sleeping, and your skills behind the wheel are the same as someone who is drunk.‎ Research suggests that the less sleep you get, the more likely you are to be overweight. How so? When you lack sleep, you have less energy to exercise or make healthy food choices. Plus, studies show that the later you stay up, the more you eat. Night owls who stay up until ‎4 a．m. eat about 550 more calories than early birds who go to sleep at 10 p．m.‎ 语篇解读：本文为说明文。晚睡有害健康，因此我们一定要尽量早一点睡，这样才能保持身体健康。‎ ‎1．According to Paragraph 2, not getting enough sleep can ________.‎ A．affect your living habits B．make you become pessimistic C．make you suffer from diseases D．make you lose interest in everything 解析：选B　推理判断题。由第二段“The findings suggest that sleep disruption ... negative thoughts.”可知，睡眠不足可能会让你变得悲观。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined part “fly off the handle” in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A．Fly away.　　　　　　　 B．Get very angry.‎ C．Become very busy. D．Become disappointed.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由第三段画线部分前后的“Too little sleep tends to leave people feeling badtempered and stressed.”以及“The result is more misunderstandings with those around you.”可推断，画线部分是指“发怒”。‎ ‎3．According to the last two paragraphs, people who lack sleep ________.‎ A．care less about their safety B．are more likely to get drunk C．cook at home much more frequently D．may find it hard to keep a healthy weight 解析：选D　细节理解题。由最后一段“Research suggests that the less sleep you get, the more likely you are to be overweight.”可知，你睡得越少，越容易超重。故选D。‎ B ‎“Old wives' tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example, most of us remember our parents' telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time.‎ Did your mother ever tell you to eat carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration. Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%. Garlic (蒜) is good for you, too. It can kill the type of virus that causes colds.‎ Unfortunately, not all of Mom's advice passed the test of medical studies. For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. Do sweets cause tooth problems? Well, yes and no. Sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.‎ Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don't hold_water,_there is still a lot of truth in the old wives' tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated (积累) from thousands of years of experience in family health care. We should respect this body ‎ of knowledge even as we search for clear scientific support to prove it true or false.‎ 语篇解读：我们大多数人都记得父母告诉过我们要多吃某些食物或者不要去做某些事情。这些告诫是对的吗？实际上，其中一些是与现在的医学思想相符的，而另外一些却是经不起考验的……‎ ‎4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?‎ A．Eating garlic is good for our eyes.‎ B．Sticky sweets are damaging to our teeth.‎ C．Swimming after a meal is dangerous.‎ D．Carrots prevent people from catching colds.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“Sticky sweets ... tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.”可以看出，sticky sweets的确对牙齿有害。‎ ‎5．The author develops the third paragraph mainly ________.‎ A．by cause and effect B．by order in space C．by order in time D．by examples 解析：选D　推理判断题。第三段第一句是主题句。接着本段举了“饭后一小时内游泳”和“吃糖”这两个例子来支持主题句。因此，这一段主要是通过举例来论述的。‎ ‎6．The phrase “hold water” in the last paragraph most probably means “________”．‎ A．to be believable B．to be valuable C．to be admirable D．to be suitable 解析：选A　词义猜测题。“don't hold water”与“there is still a lot of truth”意义相对立，那么“hold water”与“there is still a lot of truth”意义相似，因此A项正确。‎ ‎7．What is the author's attitude towards “old wives' tales” in the text?‎ A．Subjective. B．Objective.‎ C．Dissatisfied. D．Curious.‎ 解析：选B　观点态度题。综合全文，作者既指出了一些传统说法是正确的，又说明了一些传统观念是没有科学依据的。最后一段作者表明了对这些观念的尊重，因此可以看出作者的态度是客观的。‎ C If you're bored with oldfashioned running, or if you feel that it's not a complete workout, you might want to try crunning. It does not mean crying while running. It's actually a cross between crawling (爬行) and running that involves getting down on all fours and moving.‎ The strange workout, best described as your thighs' (大腿) worst nightmare, was invented by Australian fitness enthusiast Shaun McCarthy. The video of his crunning has been getting much attention online and it has ‎ inspired others to take up running on all fours as well. Now crunning is a steadilygrowing sport in Australia.‎ McCarthy says that crunning is a more complete workout because it involves the upper body as well. “It really works your thighs and shoulders at the same time，” he said, adding that he believes it burns more calories as well. Some fitness experts believe that McCarthy might just be onto something there. According to Kim Baylor, a certified personal trainer, any exercise that involves full body motions leaves the chance to develop a lot of strength.‎ However, many think crunning is likely to be out of date soon and it might even be harmful if done incorrectly. Fitness coach Kevin Dean said, “We humans are upright; our wrists have different structures than ankles. But a quadruped (四足的) animal would have four of roughly the same joint. As a result, I often see broken noses, bad wrists, and shoulder problems arising from crunning.” ‎ Health experts suggest wearing special gloves to prevent damage to hands while crunning. It's necessary to increase the intensity (强度) of exercise step by step. Crunning may be too much for a beginner and it could be bad for your neck. If it hurts severely, stop immediately and just stick to traditional running.‎ 语篇解读：本文为说明文。如果你对跑步这一老式的健身方法感到厌烦，或者你觉得这不是一个全面的健身方式，你可以尝试一下澳大利亚的健身爱好者肖恩·麦卡锡发明的“酷跑”这个新花样。‎ ‎8．What do we know about crunning?‎ A．It is running on all fours.‎ B．It's not a complete workout.‎ C．It is gaining worldwide popularity.‎ D．It is created to strengthen the thighs.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第一、二段可知，麦卡锡的“酷跑”是种四肢着地的运动，目前在澳大利亚用“酷跑”健身的人数正在逐渐增加。‎ ‎9．What will Kevin Dean agree with?‎ A．McCarthy's idea is practical.‎ B．Crunning is a better fitness activity.‎ C．Crunning is not suitable for human beings.‎ D．It's dangerous to take wholebody exercise.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由第四段可知，Kevin Dean说人类是直立行走，手腕的构造不同于脚踝，而四足动物在脚上有四个几乎一样的关节。因此他会认为“酷跑”不适合人类。‎ ‎10．What's the advice on crunning from health experts?‎ A．Try to avoid using your neck.‎ B．Once you begin, never give up.‎ C．Take measures to protect your hands.‎ D．Go as fast as possible at the beginning.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由最后一段可知，健康专家建议在“酷跑”时戴好保护性手套以避免受伤，而且锻炼的强度应一步步逐渐增大。一旦脖子疼得厉害，应立即停止“酷跑”。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Holidays are busy time, and if you don't make a plan for healthy meals, you will gain weight quickly and have other health problems.__1__ Here are some reasonable tips for you.‎ Remember that some is better than none.‎ You go to the grocery store and buy a few things rich in protein, a few fruits and vegetables, and maybe some snacks, thinking, “This is enough for the whole week.” Then, about midweek, you're sick of making the same thing over and over, or you run out of something you thought you had enough of. You end up ordering takeout food or eating out. If this is the case for you, just remember that some is better than none. __2__ Having to worry only about 5 meals instead of 15 can take away a lot of stress.‎ Optimize (优化) your food combinations (组合)．‎ To make you healthy, eat enough fruits which contain high amounts of vitamins can improve your metabolism (新陈代谢). You should also learn how to combine the correct types of food for your meals. __3__‎ ‎__4__‎ If you cook a large dinner, the leftovers (剩饭) can make a great healthy lunch. Put the leftovers into readytogo containers for lunches for the rest of the week. You can also use leftovers to create completely different dishes in no time.‎ Ask a child to do grocery shopping for you.‎ If you don't have time to do grocery shopping, try asking the neighbor kid to do it. Do you have children that are ready to start learning about responsibility? __5__ It's important to remember that you don't have to do it all. Because of this you can benefit from it.‎ A．Cook once and eat twice or more.‎ B．Remember what you are grateful for.‎ C．Send them to the grocery store with your list.‎ D．Try only planning 5 dinners Monday through Friday.‎ E．If this sounds like you, it's time to come up with a strategy (策略)．‎ F．There are also services available that can plan your meals for you.‎ G．Correct combinations can not only help you lose weight, but increase your energy levels.‎ 答案：1～5　EDGAC