高考英语中倒装句易考、易混点归纳与解析 4页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 高考中倒装句易考、易混点归纳与解析 新教材和近几年的高考题，都强调语言的交际性和实用性，但高考并没有完全放弃语言 形式，语言知识的测试。倒装句是历年高考的重要语法项目之一，仅 2005 年，倒装句考查的 分值就高达 10 分，其重要性可见一斑。下面就高三一轮复习中对倒装句加以整体归纳，并就 高考中倒装句易考、易混点加以解析。倒装句可分为完全倒装、部分倒装、9 种特殊句式及 表语前置几种形式。 一、完全倒装，就是将谓语动词完全搬到主语之前，它可以分 3 种形式： (1)、方式副词 out in up down away 置于句首需用倒装表强调。例如： Out went the children Away flew the plane . (2)、there here now then 置于句首需用倒装。例如： There goes the bell ! Now comes your turn 注：此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时 (3)表示地点和相当于地点的副词和介词短语置于句首，例如： South of the river lies a small factory In this chapter will be found the answers to those questions. 注：①全部倒装的句子谓语常为不及物动词 ②全部倒装符合“名倒代不倒”的原则，即：名词做主语倒装，代词做主语不倒装。 二、部分倒装，就是把谓语动词的一部分置于主语之前，其倒装部分的结构常为： 系动词(am/is/are/was/were)+主语+其它（表语部分） 助动词(do/does/did/will/would)+主语+动词原形 助动词(have/has/had)+主语+动词的过去分词 情态动词(can/ may /need……)+主语+动词原形 共分为 2 种： (1)only+状语（副词、介词短语、做状语的名词或短语及 when where how why 等引导的状语 从句）置于句首时。如： Only this afternoon did I finish the novel。 Only then did he understand it 。 Only after the war did he learn the sad news。 Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in 。 注：①only 只有后跟状语时才用倒装句 ②only 后跟状语从句时，倒装的是主句，而不是从句。 如： Only when did he return did we find out the truth(×) Only when did he return we found out the truth(×) (2)否定词 never 、nor、 not、 hardly 、little、 seldom、 at no time、 many a time、 not once 等置于句首时。 如： Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark。 Not a single mistake did he make 。 Never before have I seen such a moving film。 注：部分倒装不考虑主语是名词还是代词 三、部分倒装句的 9 个特殊句型。 (1)、so 引导的倒装句，时态、谓语形式应与前句保持一致，其结构为： So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语/、、、、, and so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语/、、、、、so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 意义为“、、、、、也如此”,倒如： 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 They love having lots of friends ; so do those with disabilities He has been to Beijing . So have I . He came last night, and so did I 注：如果表示“确实如此”只是对前句的一种肯定，就不用倒装句。其结构常为：so+主语+be/ 助动词 /情态动词。如： She has passed the exam . So she has －It was hot yesterday －so it was (2)nor、neither 引导的倒装句其时态、谓语形式应与前句保持一致，其结构有 3 种形式 Neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 And neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 意义为：“、、、、也不这样”，例如： Lily can’t ride ； neither/nor can Lucy I don’t know how to swim 。Neither/nor does my sister。 注：在 so 引导倒装句的情况下，前句应为陈述句，在 neither/nor 引导倒装句的情况下，前句 应为否定句，在前两种情况下，涉及的表语和实义动词常省略 它们两个的谓语动词只有一种形式，但如果前面句子中有两个或两个以上的谓语动词或不 同形式的谓语动词时，或有两个以上的主语时则用：So it is/was with sb/sth 或 It is the same with sb/sth 。例如： －Marx was born in Germany and German was his native languge。 －So it was with Engels(It is the same with Engels)。 (3)So+adj/adv……that…..用“如此、、、、以至于、、、、、”例如： So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood。 So care lessly does he drive that almost killed himself. 注：在这个句型中，so 引导的句子倒装，而 that 引导的句子不倒装 (4)Not only…..but also…..“不仅、、、、而且、、、、”. 例如： Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it Not only was he forced to stay at home , but he was also forbidden to see his friends . 注意：①此句型也可写成 Not only….but…..或 Not only…..but….as well 的形式，但是 but(also) 引导的句子必须用正常语序 . ②Not only….but also….只有连接两个分句且置句首时才用倒装 (5)Not until….“直到、、、、才、、、”。例如： Not until he returned did we have supper Not until 10:00 in the morning can he fall asleep 注：这种句式需把 not until 连写且放在句首，如果 until 引导的是句子，从句不可用倒装，而 是倒装主句。 (6)as 引导的让步状语从句 。其结构为： adj/n/v+as++主+谓+其它，例如： Pretty as he is , she is not clever Try as he would , he might fail again Child as he was , he had to make a living 注：如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词且此句型主谓不可以倒装。 (7)Hardly….when…../No sooner…..than…..意义为：“一、、、、就、、、”，例如 No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 注意：这两个句型中，前句必须用过去完成时，后面从句常用一般过去时，且只倒装前句， 后句不变 (8)such 置于句首时，用倒装，意为“如此、这样”。例如： Such was Albert Einstein, a simple and great man Such are the facts；no one can deny them 注：此句型中的 such 多被认为是表语，所以 such 后的动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持 一致。 (9)if 引导的虚拟条件名，如果省略了 if ，从句要用倒装句，而主句不用倒装，例如： Were I not so busy , I should go with you。 Had he been here yesterday ,he would have come to watch the football match 。 四、表语置于句首时，常见的倒装句有 3 种，其结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 (1)Adj+be+主语 Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests (2)Done+be+主语 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people (3)介词短语+be+主语 Among the goods are Christmas trees ,flowers,candles and toys 五、例题解析 1 . “I don’t know , ”_________ A .answered he B. answered Peter C. Peter answered D. did he answer 2. Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris , _______lives his uncle A. which B. who C. where D. that 3. Mr smith has bought a little house in the country, around_____some green trees A. which is B. it is C.which are D. them are 4. －Why can’t I smoke here? －At no time ___in the meeting-room A.is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C.smoking is it permitted D,. does smoking permit 5. Not until the early years of the 19th century _____what heat is A. man did know B. man know C didn’t man know D did man know 6. No sooner ____than it began to rain heavily A. the game began B. has the game begun C.did the game begin D. had the game begun 7. Not only you but also____fond of music A. I am B. am I C. I do D. do I 8. Only when your identity has been checked____. A you are admitted in B. you will be admitted in C. will you admit in D. will you be admitted in 9 In our class , only____been to Los Angles A Bob and Red have B. have Bob and Red C Bob and Red are D. are Bob and Red 10、 ______, he knows a lot of history A . As he is boy B. As he is a young boy C. Boy as he is D. A young boy as he is 11、 ______, mother will wait for him to have dinner together A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is 12、－Linda was playing the piano in her own study last Sunday morning 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 －So_______ A. did Lucy B. Lucy did C. was Lucy D. Lucy was 13、 －Leeds is an American but he speaks Chinese very well －-_____Mary A. So is B. So does C. So it is D. It is the same with 14、－Jim was brave enough to dive into the ice-cold water to save little Joan －-_______. A. So was he B.So he was C. So was Joan D. Joan was so 15、Only by practicing a few hours every day_____be able to use it A. you can B. can you C.will you D. you would 16、 Not a single song ___at yesterday’s party A. she sang B.sang she C. did she sing D. she did sang 17、 Seldom____any mistakes during my past few years of working here A would I make B. did I make C. I did make D. shall I make 18、Not until I began to work ____how much time I had wasted A. didn’t realize B. did I realize C. I didn’t realize D, I realized 19、 My brother had a bad cold last week , and so ____ A. did I B,she did C. was I D, I did 20、－ Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother － I didn’t know,_____ A. nor don’t I care B, nor do I care C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t care also 21、 He is a good student , and works very hard , _____ A. so it is with her B.so does she C. so is he D. neither does she 22、______entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report A. He hardly had B.Had he hardly C.Hardly had he D.Hardly he had 23、 Many a time _____swimming alone A the boy went B went the boy C did the boy go D did go the boy 24、_____rain tomorrow , we would have to put off visiting Beijing A Were it B It were C Should it D It will 25、They came into the office____sat the manager with a pair or glasses on. A there B which C that D where 26 I’ll spend my summer vacation in Beijing with my cousins, ____live my uncle and aunt. A who B which C where D that