2020届北师大版高考一轮复习必修三学案：Unit8SectionⅣLesson2&Lesson3 12页

Section_ⅣLesson_2_&_Lesson_3_—_Language_Points 一、这样记单词 记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1.hunter_n．　　　　　　　猎人 ‎2.wealthy adj. 富有的，富裕的 ‎3.extreme adj. 极度的，极端的 ‎ ‎4.exactly adv. 确切地，准确地 ‎5.equipment_n. 配备，设备 ‎6.quantity n. 量，数量 ‎7.author_n. 作者 ‎8.emperor n. 皇帝 ‎9.traveller n. 旅行者，旅客 ‎10.preference n. 较喜欢的东西，偏爱 ‎ Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.similarity_n．相似性，类似性→similar adj.类似的，相似的 ‎ ‎2.risk_vt.冒……的危险→risky adj.冒险的，有危险的 ‎3.various_adj.不同的，各种各样的→vary v．改变，使多样化→variety n．多样化 ‎4.amaze_vt.使惊愕(惊奇)→amazement n．惊愕，惊讶 ‎5.dictation_n．口述；听写→dictate v．口述；听写；命令 ‎6.confuse_vt.使困惑→confusing adj.令人困惑的→confused adj.感到困惑的 ‎1.hunter n．猎人 ‎[联想]　后缀er表示人的名词 ‎①owner 主人　　　　　　②gardener 园艺工 ‎③thinker 思想家 ④worker 工人 ‎⑤traveller 旅行者，旅客 ⑥lawyer 律师 ‎2.wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的 ‎[联想]　盘点“名词＋y→形容词”的其他单词：‎ ‎①dirt→dirty 脏的 ②luck→lucky 幸运的 ‎③noise→noisy 喧闹的 ④sun→sunny 阳光灿烂的 ‎⑤mud→muddy 泥泞的 ⑥fog→foggy 多雾的 ‎3.quantity n．量，数量 ‎[形近]　quality n．质量 ‎[词块]　①a quantity of 大量的 ‎②quantities of 大量的 ‎③in quantity 大量地 ‎4.emperor n．皇帝 ‎[联想] 　盘点or结尾表示人的单词 ‎①visitor 参观者 ②educator 教育家 ‎③author 作家 ④sailor 水手 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.in order to do something　　　目的是，以便 ‎2．upside down 颠倒地，倒置地 ‎3．turn up 出现，到场 ‎4．back out 决定不履行(允诺的事)‎ ‎5．get across 使理解(某事)‎ ‎6．in turn 轮流 ‎7．break out (坏事)突然发生，爆发 ‎8．put ... into prison 把……关进监狱 ‎9．stand by 坚持(某种)说法 ‎1.feel excited　　　　　　　感到兴奋 ‎2．take up bungee jumping 参加蹦极运动 ‎3．go through with 将某事进行到底，完成 ‎4．set up 建立，创立 ‎5．trade with Chinese 和中国人做生意 ‎6．be impressed by... 对……印象深刻 ‎7．be amazed by... 对……感到惊讶 ‎8．be confused by 对……感到困惑 ‎9．leave out 省略 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out ...‎ 我第一次站在跳台上紧张得真想退缩下来……‎ so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。‎ The weather is so_cold_that they had to stay at home.‎ 天气如此冷，以至于他们不得不待在家里。‎ ‎2. But it's worth waiting for.‎ 但是这值得等。‎ be worth doing ... “某事值得做”。‎ I think the novel Gone With the Wind is_worth_reading.‎ 我认为《飘》这本小说值得一读。‎ ‎3.Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought ...‎ 虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为……‎ although“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。‎ Although_she_was_exhausted,_she kept on working.‎ 尽管她已筋疲力尽，但仍然继续工作。‎ ‎1．(教材P24)People do extreme sports in order to feel excited.‎ 人们做极限运动是为了感到兴奋。‎ in order to为了(否定形式是in order not to)‎ so as to do sth.　　　　　　　 为了做某事 in order that ... 为了……，以便……‎ ‎①She worked hard in order to pass the exam.‎ 为了通过考试她努力学习。‎ ‎②He gets up early in_order_not_to_be_late every morning.‎ 他为了不迟到而每天早晨早起。‎ ‎[辨析比较]　in order to, so as to, in order that in order to 后接不定式表示目的，可用于句首/中 so as to 后接不定式表示目的，不能放在句首 in order that 后接从句表示目的 选用上述短语填空 ‎③In order to finish the task on time, we will not rest this weekend.‎ ‎→We will not rest this weekend in_order_to finish the task on time.‎ ‎→We will not rest this weekend so_as_to finish the task on time.‎ ‎→We will not rest this weekend in_order_that we can finish the task on time.‎ 为了按时完成这项工作，本周末我们不休息。‎ ‎2．(教材P116)What makes people risk their lives to do them?‎ 是什么让人们冒着生命危险去从事这些活动呢？‎ risk vt.冒……的危险n.危险，风险 ‎(1)risk doing sth.＝take the risk of doing sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　 冒险做某事 ‎(2)at risk 有危险，有风险 at the risk of ... 冒……的危险 take a risk/risks 冒险 ‎(3)risky adj. 冒险的 ‎①Whoever you are, don't take the risk of doing a job like that.‎ 无论你是谁，都不要冒险做那样一份工作。‎ ‎ ②By criticizing her boss, she risked losing (lose) her position.‎ 批评老板使她冒失去职位之险。‎ ‎③He was determined to do it even at the risk of being_laughed (laugh) at.‎ 他决定即使冒着被人嘲笑的危险也要做。‎ ‎3．(教材P116)You can find all these in the various extreme sports that have become popular in the last ten years or so.‎ 你可以发现所有这些在各种各样的极限运动中在最近大约十年来变得很受欢迎。‎ various adj.不同的，各种各样的 ‎(1)variety n．　　　　　　　 变化，种类 a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的 ‎(2)vary vi.&vt. 变化，使不同 vary from ... to ... 从……到……不等 ‎①There are various ways to solve the problem.‎ 解决这个问题有许多种方法。‎ ‎ ②Varieties/a_variety_of_flowers were on show in the World Expo.‎ 在世博会上各种各样的花卉被展出。‎ ‎ ③The weather varied from_very cold to_quite mild.‎ 天气变化很大，会从寒冷变得相当暖和。‎ ‎4．(教材P25)Use these words to write sentences about your preferences.‎ 用这些词写一些关于你的偏爱的句子。‎ preference n．较喜欢的东西，偏爱 ‎(1)have a preference for　　 喜欢，偏爱……‎ give preference to ... 给予……优先权；偏爱 ‎(2)prefer vt. 更喜欢 prefer doing sth. 宁愿做某事(习惯性动作)‎ prefer to do sth. 宁愿做某事(某一次具体动作)‎ prefer A to B 喜欢A甚于B prefer to do ... rather than do ...‎ ‎ 宁愿做某事也不愿做……‎ ‎①He has a strong preference for modern music.‎ 他非常喜欢现代音乐。‎ ‎ ②We give preference to_applicants with some experience.‎ 我们优先录用有一定经验的申请人。‎ ‎③He preferred taking a risk to waiting at home.‎ ‎＝He preferred to take a risk rather_than_wait at home.‎ 他宁愿冒险也不愿意在家里等。‎ ‎5．(教材P25)When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.‎ 我第一次站在跳台上紧张得真想退缩下来，但是朋友们说服了我。‎ turn up出现，到场；调高音量 turn down　　　　　　　 调小；拒绝 turn out 证明是；结果是 turn to 转向；求助于，查阅 turn in 上交 ‎①He promised to come, but so far he has not turned up.‎ 他答应来，可是到现在还没有来。‎ ‎②It turns out_right that water turns into ice in such cold weather.‎ 在这寒冷的天气中，水变成冰被证明是正确的。‎ ‎③Whenever she was in trouble she turned_to_him_for_help.‎ 每当遇到困难时，她就找他帮忙。‎ ‎6．(教材P25)It's difficult to get across how exciting it is!‎ 刺激程度难以言表！‎ get across 使理解(某事)，被传达，被理解 get about＝get around＝get round ‎　　　　　　各处旅行(走动)；(消息、谣言等)传开 get along/on 进展，相处 get down to 开始做某事(to为介词)‎ get over 克服 get through 完成；接通(电话)；花费，消费 ‎①He taught me how to get my idea across.‎ 他教我怎么把我的想法表达得让人能够理解。‎ ‎②It is time that they got down to doing_(do) their work.‎ 是他们开始认真干活的时候了。 ‎ ‎③Have you gone through_all your money?‎ 你把所有的钱都花光了吗？‎ ‎7．(教材P26)Marco, in turn, was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was.‎ 马可也相应地被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。‎ in turn轮流，依次；反过来 take turns to do sth./(at) doing sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　轮流做某事 It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 ‎ by turns 轮流 ‎①Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.‎ 理论是建立在实践的基础上，反过来为实践服务。‎ ‎②We take turns making/to_make (make) dinner.‎ ‎ 我们轮流做饭。‎ ‎③It's your turn to_clean (clean) the blackboard.‎ 轮到你擦黑板了。‎ ‎8．(教材P26)He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.‎ 他也不明白为什么人们用黑色的石头作燃料。‎ confuse vt.使困惑；使混淆 ‎(1)confuse A with B　　　　　 把A和B混淆 ‎(2)confusion n. 困惑 ‎ confusing adj. 令人困惑的 ‎ confused adj. 感到困惑的 be confused by 因……而感到困惑 be confused about 对……感到迷惑 ‎①Don't confuse Austria with Australia.‎ 不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混了。‎ ‎②He asked me so many questions that I got confused(confuse)．‎ 他问了我许许多多的问题，把我弄糊涂了。‎ ‎③I am_confused_by_ what you said.‎ 你说的话把我弄糊涂了。‎ ‎9．(教材P26)Not long after his return, a local war broke out near his town.‎ 他返回之后不久，一场区域性的战争在他的家乡附近爆发了。‎ break out (坏事)突然发生，爆发 break in　　　　　 打断(谈话等)；破门而入 break into 强行闯入；突然……起来 break down 出故障；垮掉 break off 折断；中断 break up 驱散；(物理)分解；分裂 ‎①A fire broke out near here yesterday.‎ 昨天这附近发生了一场火灾。‎ ‎②The washing machine seems to have broken down again.‎ 洗衣机好像又坏了。‎ ‎③Jim broke off_telling the story to answer the telephone.‎ 吉姆中断了正讲着的故事去接电话。‎ ‎10．(教材P27)He went to city where iron was produced in huge quantities.‎ 他去了一个盛产铁的城市。‎ quantity n．量；数量 　 大/少量的 in quantity 大量地 in large/small quantities 大量/少量 ‎①A large quantity of money is spent on environment protection.‎ 大量的钱被花在了环境保护上。‎ ‎②Large quantities of time were_wasted (waste) on computer.‎ 大量的时间被浪费在了电脑上。‎ ‎③The government has been buying silver in_large quantities.‎ 政府一直在购进大量白银。‎ ‎[名师点津]　 a large quantity of和large quantities of既可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词，当其作主语时，谓语动词的数与quantity的形式一致。类似用法还有a large amount of以及large amounts of。‎ ‎ But it's worth waiting for.‎ 但是这值得等。‎ 句中be worth doing“值得做”，常用主动表示被动。‎ ‎①The expert told me the picture is worth at least twenty thousand pounds.‎ 专家告诉我这幅图片至少值两万英镑。‎ ‎②I don't think this film is worth seeing (see)．‎ 我认为这部电影不值得一看。‎ ‎[辨析比较]　worth, worthy, worthwhile worth 只能作表语，后常接名词或动名词 worthy 作定语时指“有地位的，有价值的”；作表语时，构成be worthy of＋n./be worthy to be done/be worthy of being done结构 worthwhile 可作定语或表语，作定语时指“值得花时间(钱、努力等)去做的”；作表语时，常用it作形式主语，构成It is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.结构 选用上述单词填空 ‎③It is worthwhile to spend/spending money on your children.‎ 在你的孩子们身上花钱是值得的。‎ ‎④As far as I know, the West Lake is worth visiting.‎ 据我所知，西湖值得参观。‎ ‎⑤I don't think this bridge is worthy of being repaired.‎ 我认为这座桥不值得修了。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．We clean the classroom every week in turn.‎ ‎2．Beijing is filled with people from various (vary) parts of China.‎ ‎3．As a teacher, you must get across what you teach to your students.‎ ‎4．The soldier risked losing_(lose) his life to save his friend.‎ ‎5．The First World War broke out in 1914.‎ ‎6. The film So Young is well worth seeing (see)．‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are_being_washed_away (正被冲走) each year.‎ ‎2．I was_so_confused_about_(对……很困惑) today's history lesson. I didn't understand a thing.‎ ‎3．In_order_not_to_start_smoking_again (为了不再开始吸烟), she doesn't go out with people who smoke.‎ ‎4．I can't hear the radio very well; could you turn_it_up_a_bit_(把声音开大点)?‎ ‎ 5.Do you have_a_preference_for (偏爱) a particular food?‎ 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The similarity (相似性) between them has often been remarked on.‎ ‎2．The travellers_(旅行者) wrote a record of their journey.‎ ‎3．The news caused great excitement_(兴奋) and they were too excited to sleep.‎ ‎4．The woman has strengths, which amazes_(使惊奇) the man.‎ ‎5．We've had quantities (大量) of rain this summer.‎ ‎6．He risked_(冒……的危险) his life to save the boy who fell into the water.‎ ‎7．The cars flowed_(涌出，流动) in a steady stream along the main road.‎ ‎8．There are many professors_(教授) in our school.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．All of them arrived late for various (vary) reasons.‎ ‎2．There are a lot of pieces of equipment(equip) in the gym.‎ ‎3．Many elderly people expressed a strong preference_(prefer) to live in their own homes.‎ ‎4．It is exactly (exact) four o'clock, not one minute more nor one minute less.‎ ‎5．As the end of the game grew nearer, the crowd's excitement_ (excite) increased.‎ ‎6．He left as a poor, working class boy and returned as an extremely (extreme) wealthy man.‎ ‎7．In China many parents often make sacrifices (牺牲) for their boys or girls, which in turn increases their dependence.‎ ‎8．I hope I can depend on you not to back out_at the last moment.‎ ‎9．Hardly could he get through this large amount of work in such a short time.‎ ‎10．The foreigners are amazed by the amazing_achievements that the Chinese have made recently in socialist construction.(amaze)‎ Ⅲ.选词填空 ‎1．He was_confused_about the foreign names in the novel.‎ ‎2．He's my best friend, who stood_by me when the going was hardest.‎ ‎3．The driver was put_into_prison because of much drinking.‎ ‎4．He couldn't get the idea across_to the class.‎ ‎5．Turn_up the radio so that everyone can hear it.‎ ‎6．He started early in_order_to catch the first bus.‎ Ⅳ.课文语法填空 ‎17yearold Marco Polo travelled across Europe and Asia with his father, and because his father wanted to do trade 1.with the Chinese, they eventually arrived in Beijing during the Yuan Dynasty.Marco was very clever and could speak four languages, 2.which impressed Emperor Kublai Khan. 3.So the Emperor asked him to serve in the court and do many important tasks. Marco was amazed by how beautiful and 4.powerful (power) China was and was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperor's Palace. He was surprised to see Chinese people 5.using (use) paper money to pay for goods. Marco was also 6.confused (confuse) by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.‎ After 17 years of service to the Emperor, Marco became 7.wealthy (wealth) and returned to Italy. He was caught in a local war and put into prison. But he was lucky enough 8.to_meet (meet) a prisoner 9.who was an author and interested in his stories about China. The prisoner wrote the stories that Marco told in a book, which became one of the bestselling 10.books (book) in Europe.‎ Many people didn't believe the stories, but Marco said he had only told half of what he had seen.‎ Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达 上周末为了(in order to)能按时看足球赛我们很早就出发了，一路上我们轮流(in turn)快速驾驶。当我们到达时足球场内挤满了来自全国各地(various)的球迷。令我们极度(extreme)兴奋(excitement)的是，几个足球明星来到(turn up)在了球场上。比赛给我们留下了深刻的印象(impression)。不幸的是赛后球迷之间爆发(break out)了打斗，这使我们很困惑(confuse)。不久警方到达了赛场。他们带走了一位富有(wealthy)的年轻人。我的一位朋友告诉我这个人拒绝向警方供述(statement)并最终被关进监狱(put...into prison)。‎ We_started_early_in_order_to_watch_a_football_match_on_time_last_weekend._We_drove_quickly_all_the_way_in_turn._When_we_arrived,_the_stadium_was_filled_with_football_fans_from_various_parts_of_our_country._To_our_extreme_excitement,_several_famous_players_turned_up_at_the_stadium._The_match_left_a_deep_impression_on_us._Unfortunately,_a_fighting_broke_out_between_fans_after_the_match,_which_confused_us_very_much._The_police_arrived_at_the_stadium_soon._They_took_away_a_young_wealthy_man._One_of_my_friends_told_me_that_the_man_refused_to_give_a_statement_to_the_police_and_eventually_he_was_put_into_prison.‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 Ⅰ.阅读理解 If you're planning on travelling, there are a few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey.‎ First of all, always check and doublecheck departure (起程) time. It is amazing how few people really do this carefully. Once I arrived at the airport a few minutes after ten. My secretary had got the ticket for me and I thought she had said that the plane left at 10：50. When I arrived at the airport, the clerk at the departure desk told me that my flight was closed. Therefore, I had to wait three hours for the next one and missed an important meeting.‎ The second rule is to remember that even in this age of credit cards, it is still important to have at least a little of the local currency (货币) with you when you arrive in a country. This can be necessary if you are flying to a place few tourists normally visit. A few years ago I was sent to Tulsa‎, ‎Oklahoma. I flew there from London via (经由) Dallas, with very little time to change planes in between. I arrived there at midnight and the bank at the airport was closed. The only way to get to my hotel was by taxi and because I had no dollars, I offered to pay in pounds instead. ‎ ‎“Listen! I only take real money！” the driver said angrily. Luckily I was able to borrow a few dollars from a clerk at the hotel, but it was embarrassing (令人难堪的)．‎ The third and last rule is to find out as much as you can about the weather at your destination before you leave. I feel sorry for some of my workmates who travel in heavy suit and raincoats in ‎ May, when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester, to places like Athens, Rome or Madrid, where it is already beginning to get quite warm during the day.‎ 语篇解读：本文作者对旅行时所需要注意的问题提出了自己的建议，如确定起程时间、携带一定数量的当地货币以及确定目的地的天气。‎ ‎1．According to the passage, it's obvious that ________.‎ A．the author learns some rules of travelling from his own experiences B．the author doesn't plan his trips or journeys carefully C．Englishmen like to wear heavy suits wherever they travel D．the American taxi driver never travels to ‎England 解析：选A　细节理解题。通读全文可以看出，作者以自己及其同事的亲身经历向读者提出了三条旅行注意事项。故A项正确。‎ ‎2．What should you make sure first before setting off?‎ A．When you will leave.‎ B．Where you will go.‎ C．How you will travel.‎ D．Whom you will go with.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段首句“First of all, always check and doublecheck departure time.”可知，动身前首先弄清起程时间。‎ ‎3．According to the passage, the driver was angry because ________.‎ A．the author gave him false money B．the author did not give him the local currency C．the author did not give him money D．the author had no enough change 解析：选B　细节理解题。作者午夜抵达，银行已经关门，作者没办法把英镑兑换成美元，用英镑付打的费，而当地的流通货币是美元，司机生气原因自然就在于此了，所以选B。‎ ‎4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．The author tells people to choose warm places as their travel destinations.‎ B．You don't have to take credit cards when travelling.‎ C．You should know more about the weather of the place you'll visit.‎ D．You should take enough change when you travel to other countries.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由文章内容可知C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 Tourism may be compared to medicine. It is good for the human body because it can cure ‎ certain disease; it is also bad for our health because __1__ its side effects. When enjoying the huge advantages brought by tourism, we cannot ignore the bad effects tourism has __2__ our environment.‎ Tourism more __3__ less leads to environment pollution. We are all fully aware that the gas from vehicles is polluting our environment. Yet whenever a new place is open to people as a tourist destination, the related tourist lines will soon be developed to make our requirements satisfied. Have you ever noticed that the number of public transport __4__ (be) growing? Growing? Right! The air pollution is also spreading.‎ Besides the pollution __5__ (cause) by vehicles, some tourists' behaviour greatly affects our weak environment. People litter. People spit. Before long the scenic spots will become the places __6__ (fill) with pollution.‎ The more people go to the tourist __7__ (attract), the more resources are to be exploited (开发). For example, to serve an increasing number of tourists __8__ (good), a lot of hotels and restaurants have been set up, __9__ (place) a burden (负担) on the electricity, water and other resources. It is important for us __10__ (protect) our environment. Only by doing so can future generations enjoy what we have today.‎ 答案：1.of　2.on　3.or　4.is　5.caused　6.filled　7.attraction　8.well　9.placing　‎ ‎10.to protect