【英语】2018届人教版选修8一轮复习：Unit2　Cloning单元学案设计（27页含详细解析） 34页

‎2018届人教版选修8一轮复习：Unit 2　Cloning单元学案设计 ‎　单元话题写作指导第一层级——背词汇、学写句，让作文有话可说 一、背词汇 ‎[常用词汇]‎ ‎(1)ambition n．　　　　 雄心 ‎(2)intention n. 目的；意图 ‎(3)volunteer n. 志愿者 ‎(4)vacation n. 假期 ‎(5)apply v. 申请 ‎(6)gather v. 集合 ‎(7)relax v. 放松 ‎(8)take part in 参加 ‎(9)prepare for 为……作准备 ‎(10)focus on　　　　　　　　 集中精力于 ‎(11)take a parttime job 做兼职工作 ‎(12)work as 做……工作 ‎(13)set out 出发 ‎(14)pay a visit to 参观 ‎(15)without delay 立即 ‎[亮点词汇]‎ ‎(1)schedule n. & v. 日程；安排 ‎(2)desire n. 愿望；渴望 ‎(3)determine v．　　　　　 决定 ‎(4)acquire v. 获得 ‎(5)cover v. 涉及 ‎(6)vital adj. 至关重要的 ‎(7)beneficial adj. 有益的 ‎(8)participate in 参加 ‎(9)aim at 目的在于 ‎(10)sign up 签约参加 ‎(11)in (the) hope of 期望 ‎(12)be occupied with 忙于 二、学写句(按要求完成句子并背诵)‎ 因为我参观过这个地方，所以今年我会去其他的地方度暑假。‎ 明年他要去上海，他希望在那儿找到一份待遇高的工作。‎ 变换句式 As I have paid a visit to the place, I will go ‎ somewhere else this year to spend my summer 改写句子 ‎ vacation.(使用非谓语动词短语改写句子)‎ He will go to Shanghai next year and hopes to get a wellpaid job there.‎ Having paid a visit to the place， I will go ‎ somewhere else this year to spend my summer ‎ vacation.‎ ‎　 He will go to Shanghai next year in_the_hope_of getting a wellpaid job there.‎ ‎(Ⅰ)单词拼写 ‎1．The scientists are struggling for a breakthrough (突破) in cancer research.‎ ‎2．Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain (获得) valuable information.‎ ‎3．Would it bother (打扰) you if I put on some music?‎ ‎4．She is overweight, but she can’t resist (抵制) eating more delicious food.‎ ‎5．It’s reported that this company will undertake (承担) the construction of the new subway.‎ ‎6．The movie directed by him was a great commercial (商业的) success.‎ ‎7．A Tshirt can be an excellent medium (媒介)for getting your message across.‎ ‎8．All the new employees are asked to learn about the rules and regulations (规则) of the company and they must obey them.‎ ‎(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．His explanation was not reasonable (reason), so all of us didn’t accept it.‎ ‎2．Christmas is drawing near. Let’s go and buy some decorations (decorate) to make our house and Christmas tree more beautiful.‎ ‎3．I didn’t say that I wanted to buy it but merely (mere) asked for the price.‎ ‎4．We may ask her a few questions to make sure we know exactly (exact) what she wants.‎ ‎5．We are determined to carry out the plan if you have no objection (object)．‎ ‎(Ⅲ)语境填词(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ ‎1．The purpose of education is not only the accumulation of knowledge. And it also means accumulating intelligence as well as abilities.(accumulate)‎ ‎2．From the appearance, we can not tell the differences between the twins, though they always have some different ideas. And as for this phenomenon, ideas differ among many people.(differ)‎ ‎(Ⅰ)写出下列短语 ‎1．pay_off　　　　　　　　　 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 ‎2．cast_down 使沮丧；使不愉快 ‎3．object_to 反对 ‎4．in_favour_of 赞成；支持 ‎5．(be)_bound_to_(do)_．.. 一定或注定(做)……‎ ‎6．strike_...into_one’s_heart 使……刻骨铭心 ‎7．from_time_to_time 不时；偶尔 ‎8．bring_back_to_life 使复生；使复活 ‎9．in_vain 白费力气；枉费心机 ‎10．in_good/poor_condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏 ‎(Ⅱ)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．I do object_to their claim, which I find totally unfounded.‎ ‎2．His parents tried to persuade him not to give up his wellpaid job, but their efforts were in_vain.‎ ‎3．We are_bound_to meet with difficulties in carrying out this research.‎ ‎4．—Li Feng won the first prize in the national English competition.‎ ‎—Oh, really? I’m glad that her efforts at last paid_off.‎ ‎5．I have told her about our plan, and she is in_favour_of it.‎ ‎6．He was_cast_down because he was scolded.‎ ‎7．Traffic accidents happen from_time_to_time on this road.‎ ‎8．The bookstore would not accept returns even if they were in_good_condition.‎ ‎1．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.‎ 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。‎ ‎[解读]　then 位于句首，句子用全部倒装语序。that引导同位语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　①胖胖的圣诞老人轻轻一跃就下来了。‎ Down_came stout Santa in a single bound.‎ ‎②然后传来了令人兴奋的消息——易思玲在奥运会上获得首枚金牌。‎ Then_came_the_exciting_news_that Yi Siling won the first gold medal in the Olympic Games.‎ ‎2．The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may ‎ die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.‎ 其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。‎ ‎[解读]　The advantage is that ...“其优点是……”， that引导表语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。‎ The_advantage_of_cycling_to_work_is_that we can live a lowcarbon life.‎ 一、常考词汇细点拨 ‎1．object vi.反对；不赞成 n．物体；目标 ‎[经典例句]　If anybody objects, we’ll postpone the meeting till next week.(牛津P1372)　‎ 如果有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。‎ ‎(1)object to sb./sth.　 反对；不赞成某人/某事 object to doing sth. 反对做某事 ‎(2)objection n. 反对；厌恶 raise an objection to sth.‎ ‎ 对……提出异议 have/make an/no objection to (doing) sth.‎ ‎ 对……表示反对/不反对 ‎①We object to being blamed for something that we haven’t done. ‎ 我们反对把与我们无关的事情作为理由来谴责我们。 ‎ ‎②My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much.‎ 我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。‎ ‎2．forbid vt.(forbade/forbad, forbidden)禁止；不准 ‎ ‎[高考佳句]　Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.(2013·天津高考阅读A)‎ 请注意，在图书馆禁止食物和水果，但允许带饮料和糖果。‎ forbid sb. sth.　　　　　　 禁止某人某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 禁止某人做某事 ‎①Everyone is forbidden to own a gun privately.‎ 不许任何人私自拥有枪支。‎ ‎②We should take measures to forbid_returning illegal cooking oil to dinner tables.‎ 我们应采取措施禁止地沟油回流餐桌。‎ ‎③He forbade me from meeting/to meet my friends online at the Internet café！‎ 他禁止我去网吧会见我的网友！‎ ‎3．owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢 ‎ ‎[经典例句]　Thanks for sticking up for me, I owe you a favour.(牛津P1427)‎ 谢谢你支持我，我欠你一个人情。‎ ‎(1)owe sb.an apology　　 该向某人道歉 owe sb.a favour 欠某人一个人情 owe sb.sth.＝ owe sth.to sb.‎ ‎ 欠某人某物 ‎(2)owe ...to ... 把……归功于……‎ ‎(3)owing to 因为；由于 ‎①Mary will take care of the baby — she owes me a favour.‎ 玛丽会照看孩子的——她欠我一个人情。‎ ‎②These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.‎ 这些早期移民把他们的幸存归功于艰苦劳动和追求成功的决心。‎ ‎③Owing_to_his_absence,_we had to put off the class meeting till next week.‎ 由于他不在，我们只好将班会推迟到下个星期。‎ ‎4．bother vt.打扰 vi.操心n.烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人 ‎[教材原句]　However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.‎ 然而，之后她患上了严重的肺病的问题使科学家们困扰。‎ ‎(1)bother sb. with/about sth.　 为某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother to do sth. 特意做某事 It bothers sb.that/to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是 ‎(2)put sb.to any bother 给某人添乱 why bother 没有必要吧；何苦那么麻烦 ‎①You don’t bother to get dinner for me today, I’ll eat out. ‎ 今天，不要麻烦为我预备饭了，我要在外边吃。‎ ‎②I don’t want to put_him_to_any_bother,_so I try doing it by myself.‎ 我不想给他添乱，所以，我试着靠自己做这件事。‎ ‎③—I’ll go to the post office to mail this parcel to Ann.‎ ‎—Why bother? I’ll see her at dinner this evening.‎ ‎——我要去邮局给安寄这个包裹。‎ ‎——不必麻烦了吧？今晚吃饭我能见到她。‎ 二、间考词汇自识记 ‎1．undertake vt.(undertook, undertaken)着手；从事；承担 undertake a task/responsibility　承担任务/责任 undertake to do sth. 同意、答应或着手做某事 The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid.(2013·江西高考阅读B)‎ 联合国组织承担指导救助的分配。‎ ‎2. differ vi.不同；相异 differ from ...＝ be different from ...‎ ‎　　　　　　　 与……不同 differ in ... 在……方面不同 The expectations and pressures on athletes differ from school to school and sport to sport.‎ 对于运动员的期待和压力，每个学校和体育项目都不尽相同。‎ ‎3. strike vi. & vt.打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时；划(火柴)n.罢工 It strikes sb. that ...　　　 某人突然意识到……‎ be struck by ... 被……打动；深受感动 The visitors were struck by the beauty of the tourist area.‎ 游客被旅游区的美景迷住了。‎ ‎4. resist vt.抵抗；对抗；抗拒；抵制；忍住 resist (doing) sth.　　　　 抵制(做)某事 can’t/couldn’t resist doing sth./can’t help doing sth.‎ ‎ 忍不住做某事 The boy couldn’t resist showing off his being praised by the teacher on arriving home. ‎ 一到家，这个男孩就忍不住炫耀起自己受到了老师的表扬。‎ ‎————————————————————————————‎ ‎………………………………(记的更多、更快、更长久！)‎ 请根据提示写出下列表示“职场经历”的高频单词 ‎1．apply vt.& vi.　　 申请 ‎2．appoint vt. 任命；委派 ‎3．dismiss vt. 免……的职；解雇；开除 ‎4．fire vt. 开除；解雇 ‎5．interview vt. 接见；采访；面试 ‎6．promote vt. 提升；晋升 ‎7．resign vi. 辞职 vt. 辞去 ‎8．retire vi. 退休；离开 ‎—————————————————————————————‎ ‎[单词对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．(2014·黄石调研)The first time he met the girl he was ________ by her wisdom and fell in love with her.‎ A．hit　　　　　　　　　　　 B．hurt C．struck D．beaten 解析：选C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他第一次见到她时，就被她的才智所打动，并爱上了她。strike“打动”，符合句意。‎ ‎2．(2014·湖北七市联考)I’m sorry to ________ you, but can you tell me the way to the nearest supermarket?‎ A．bother B．carry C．affect D．award 解析：选A　句中I’m sorry to bother you相当于excuse me“对不起；打扰一下”，选A。‎ ‎3．(2014·武昌区五月调考)Her ________ to Sales Manager took everyone by ‎ surprise, because she was just a fresh clerk in the company, working here only for one month.‎ A．adaptation B．promotion C．devotion D．objection 解析：选B　句意：她被提升为销售部经理使每个人都大为吃惊，因为她不过是刚到公司来工作只有一个月的新职员而已。adaptation“改编；改写；适应”；promotion“提升；晋级；促销”；devotion“热爱；奉献；忠诚”；objection“反对；异议”。‎ ‎4．Mr. Collins ________ to look after the children while his wife could go to the fit club with two of her friends.‎ A．attempted B．contributed C．undertook D．assured ‎ 解析：选C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：柯林斯先生承担了照料孩子的任务，这样他妻子就能够与她的两位朋友去健身俱乐部了。attempt to do sth.“努力做某事”； contribute 后接介词to，表示“为……做贡献”； undertake to do sth.“承担做某事”； assure“向……保证”，后面不接不定式，常用assure sb. of sth.结构。‎ ‎5．(2014·湖北武汉高中毕业生供题)A short man appeared suddenly in the doorway, and Dave had to pull up ________ so as to avoid bumping into him.‎ A．merely B．sharply C．shortly D．desperately 解析：选B　句意：一个矮个子的人突然出现在门口，Dave只得迅速停下来，以免撞上他。merely“仅仅；只不过”；sharply“迅疾而突然地；严厉地”；shortly“不久；立刻；马上”；desperately“不顾一切地；拼命地”。‎ Ⅱ.多维演练(练得更细、更全、更彻底！)‎ ‎1．forbid面面观 ‎(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎①They forbade their children to_play (play) computer games.‎ ‎②The manager forbids smoking (smoke) during office hours.‎ ‎③We were forbidden to_look (look) out of the window when the train was moving.‎ ‎(2)(2014·武汉调研)Many university students want to live outside the school, but the school ________ them to do so, considering the safety.‎ A．stops B．prevents C．allows D．forbids 解析：选D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多大学生想在校外居住，但学校为安全起见禁止他们那样做。stop/prevent“阻止；防止”，与from搭配；allow sb. to do ...“允许某人做……”；forbid sb.to do ...“禁止某人做……”。‎ ‎2．owe点点练 ‎(1)完成句子 ‎①He is a successful businessman; he owes_his_success_more_to_luck than to ability.(owe)‎ 他是个成功的商人，他把他的成功更多地归功于运气而不是能力。‎ ‎②It was owing_to_the_bad_weather that I was late.(owe)‎ 正是由于天气不好，我迟到了。‎ ‎(2)(2014·襄阳调研)I ________ a debt of gratitude to his family so I’ll do my best to help them whenever they are in trouble.‎ A．borrow B．lend ‎ C．owe D．give 解析：选C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感激他一家人，无论他们什么时候遇到麻烦，我都将尽力帮忙。 owe “欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……”，符合句意。borrow “借入”； lend “借出”； give “给予”。‎ ‎1．pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 ‎[经典例句]　My persistence finally paid off when they called me in for an interview.(朗文P1503)‎ 他们打电话来要我参加面试，我的坚持终于有了收获。‎ pay for sth.　　　　 付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价 pay sb. for sth. 因某事物给某人报酬 pay back 偿还(欠款)；报复 ‎①What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid off all his debts.‎ 使他高兴的是几年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。‎ ‎②—Believe me, all your efforts will pay off some day.‎ ‎—Thanks for your encouragement.‎ ‎——相信我，你的所有努力将来有一天会有所回报。‎ ‎——感谢你的鼓励。‎ ‎③He had to work parttime so as to pay_for_his_education.‎ 他必须做兼职工作来支付学费。‎ ‎④That I can pay_back the help people give me makes me happy.‎ 能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。‎ ‎[链接高考]‎ ‎(2012·安徽高考)The athlete’s years of hard training ________ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.‎ A．went on　　　　　　　 B．got through C．paid off D．ended up 解析：选C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：当这个运动员最终获得奥运会金牌时，她多年的刻苦训练总算得到了回报。go on“继续下去”；get through“完成；处理”；pay off“取得成功；奏效”；end up“最终处于……”。 ‎ ‎2．in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏 ‎[经典例句]　The car has been well maintained and is in good condition.(朗文P412)‎ 这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。‎ out of condition　　　 健康状况欠佳 working/living/studying conditions ‎ 工作/生活/学习环境 on condition that ... 在……条件下；倘若……‎ on no condition 一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)‎ ‎①On no condition can we deny that the Diaoyu Islands have been an integral part of China’s territory for centuries. (2014·江南十校联考)‎ 我们决不能否认，几个世纪以来钓鱼岛一直是中国领土不可分割的一部分。‎ ‎②They agreed to lend us the car on_condition_that we returned it before the weekend.‎ 他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们必须在周末前归还。‎ ‎[短语对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 ‎1．Jack wanted to be informed from_time_to_time how Jane was getting along.‎ ‎2．Since George heard of his failure in the exam, he has been very cast_down.‎ ‎3．If people don’t learn from this, then his suffering and death were in_vain.‎ ‎4．You must pay_off your old loan before you can obtain a new one.‎ ‎5．Keep on working hard like this, and your research is_bound_to obtain great success.‎ ‎6．In ancient times, people believed that they could be_brought_back_to_life after death.‎ Ⅱ.多项选择 ‎1．(2014·湖北八校联考)Would you please give us an example________your opinion on “Two Olympics, equal splendor”？‎ A．in charge of B．in want of C．in favour of D．in honor of 解析：选C　句意：请你举个例子来支持你的“两个奥运，同样精彩”的观点好吗？in favour of 在这里表示“支持”。in charge of “负责”；in want of “需要”；in honor of “为纪念”。‎ ‎2．Hearing the news that my father is in poor ________， I felt very sad, worried about that his health may become worse.‎ A．condition B．environment C．situation D．position 解析：选A　考查名词辨析。句意：听到父亲身体糟糕的消息，我很难过，担心他的身体会越来越差。condition“条件；状况”，in poor condition在此表示“身体差”。environment“环境”；situation“形式”；position“位置；职位”。‎ ‎3．Mo Yan won the Nobel Literature Prize after decades of hard working at writing.His efforts finally ________.‎ A．came off B．gave off C．paid off D．saw off 解析：选C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：在几十年的辛勤写作之后，莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖，他的努力工作终于有了回报。come off“进展；脱落”；give off“发出(光、热等)”；pay off“(得到)回报”；see off“为(某人)送行”。‎ ‎4．(2014·天门调研)His efforts to raise money for his program were________ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.‎ A．in place B．in sight C．in effect D．in vain 解析：选D　 考查介词短语辨析。句意：谁也不愿意从自己的口袋里掏一分钱，看来他为他的项目筹钱的努力是白费力气。in vain“徒劳的；无用的”，符合句意。in place“在对的位置”；in sight“被看到；在视线之内”；in effect“有效；实际上”。‎ The_advantage_is_that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.‎ 其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。‎ The advantage is that ...“优势是……”，that此处引导表语从句。‎ The advantage/strength of ...is that ...‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ……的优势是……‎ The disadvantage of ...is that ... ……的不足是……‎ The drawback of ...is that ... ……的缺点是……‎ The problem of ...is that ... ……的问题是……‎ The chance is that ... 有可能……‎ ‎①The advantage is that we have a good command of English.‎ 其优点是我们很好地掌握了英语。‎ ‎②The_chance_is_that our team will finish at the top, as our remaining matches aren’t too difficult.‎ 由于我们队余下的比赛不太艰难，我们队在结束时有可能名列前茅。‎ ‎③The drawback of the popularity of cars is that it brings about so much air pollution.‎ 汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。‎ ‎[句型对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 完成句子 ‎1．(2014·孝感一模)All of a sudden, the door opened and in came_our_English_teacher,_with a book in her hand.(come)‎ 突然门开了，我们的英语老师手里拿着一本书进来了。‎ ‎2．Mother made a promise that_if_I_passed the College Entrance Examination, she would buy me a mobile phone.(pass)‎ 母亲许诺，如果我通过高考，她将给我买一部手机。‎ ‎3．Thank you for your encouragement.It makes me hold_the_belief_that we can also make a difference to the world.(hold)‎ 谢谢你的鼓励，这使我坚持一个信念，我们也可以使这个世界有所不同。‎ ‎4．East of the city of Wuhan lies_a_large_lake_(which_is)_called the East Lake, which attracts millions of tourists every year.(lie)‎ 在武汉的东边坐落着一个叫做东湖的大湖，每年吸引几百万游客。‎ ‎5．One major disadvantage_of__the_area_is_that there is no public transport.(that)‎ 这个地区的一大不便之处就是缺少公共交通工具。‎ 同位语从句 完成句子 ‎1．(2014·鄂州市高三期末)The oldfashioned belief that_women_should_stay at home and do household chores while men pursue their careers should be changed now.(stay)‎ 女人应该待在家里做家务而男人在外追求事业这一老观念应该改变。‎ ‎2．(2014·武汉高三起点调研)The thought that_they_can_cross_the_whole_continent was very exciting.(cross)‎ 他们可以横穿过整个大陆的想法很令人兴奋。‎ ‎3．More than 200 million people in China suffer high blood pressure, and 70% of them are unaware of the fact that_they_have_the_illness/disease.(have)‎ 中国有2亿人患高血压，他们中70%不知道他们有这种病。‎ ‎4．There is much discussion about the question how_the_rising_food_prices_are_affecting ordinary people.(affect)‎ 关于正在上涨的食品价格正在如何影响老百姓的问题有许多的讨论。‎ Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．(2014·黄冈高三期末)After ________ the luggage at the railway station, we left for the exhibition in a taxi.‎ A．claiming　　　　　　　　 B．demanding C．deserving D．obtaining 解析：选A　考查动词辨析。句意：在火车站领取了行李后，我们乘出租车离开去看展览。A项意为“(根据权利)索取；认领”，符合语境。B项意为“要求”；C项意为“应受；值得”；D项意为“获得；得到；买到”。‎ ‎2．College students can ________ social experience necessary for their future careers by taking up parttime jobs.‎ A．accelerate B．accompany ‎ C．accomplish D．accumulate 解析：选D　句意：大学生可以通过做兼职工作来获得日后工作所必需的社会经验。accumulate“积累”，符合句意。accelerate“加速”；accompany“陪伴；伴奏”；accomplish“完成”。‎ ‎3．(2014·荆州质检)The TV show first aired in the UK in 2012 and ran till 2014, enjoying huge ________ in not just UK but across the whole world.‎ A．advantage B．compliment C．consequence D．popularity 解析：‎ 选D　考查名词辨析。句意：这档电视节目自从2012年在英国第一次播放到2014年这段时间里，受到了英国甚至全世界观众的欢迎(popularity)。advantage“优势；利益”；compliment“恭维；致意”；consequence“结果；重要性”。根据语境可知，答案选D。‎ ‎4．(2014·襄阳调研)In making a scientific experiment, one should not be ________ by temporary setbacks but should persist in doing it hopefully.‎ A．cast down B．put away C．taken in D．given out 解析：选A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：在做科学实验时，一个人不应由于暂时的挫折而沮丧，而应满怀希望地坚持做下去。A项意为“使沮丧；使不愉快”；B项意为“放好；存储”；C项意为“理解；欺骗”；D项意为“分发；公布”。根据语意可知，答案选A。‎ ‎5．(2014·湖北省八校联考)I have no idea of what is in fashion nowadays, so my choice might be quite ________.‎ A．abundant　 B．arbitrary C．considerate D．aggressive 解析：选B　考查形容词辨析。abundant“丰富的”；arbitrary“任意的；武断的”；considerate“体贴的；体谅的”；aggressive“好斗的”。由语境可知，“我”不知道当今的流行元素是什么，因此“我”的选择也许是很随意的。故B项正确。‎ ‎6．(2012·湖北高考)The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa. ‎ A．pattern B．procedure C．program D．perspective 解析：选B　考查名词辨析。句意：这位官员坚持认定Michael没有按照正确的程序申请签证。B项意为“程序”，符合句意。A项意为“模式”；C项意为“节目”；D项意为“远景”。‎ ‎7．Jazz music is ________ different from any other types of music and can be recognized worldwide as having a unique American style.‎ A．mainly B．simply ‎ C．distinctly D．originally 解析：选C　句意：爵士音乐与其他种类的音乐存在显著不同，被世界广泛认为是美洲独有的风格。distinctly“清晰地；明显地”，符合句意。mainly“主要地”；simply“仅仅”；originally“最初；起先”。‎ ‎8．It was too hard for the firefighters to get close to the burning building. All their attempts to rescue the people trapped were ________.‎ A．in vain B．in return C．in place D．in danger 解析：选A　句意：消防员很难靠近燃烧的房子，所有营救被困人员的尝试都是徒劳地。in vain“徒劳地”；in return“作为回报”；in place“适当的”；in danger“在危险中”。根据句意可知选A。‎ ‎9．The major of maths or computer science can usually give you the ________ to be an employee in a bank.‎ A．regulation B．qualification C．profession D．occupation 解析：选B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：数学或计算机科学专业通常可以使一个人具备做一名银行雇员的资格。regulation“规则”；qualification“资格”；profession“职业；专业”；occupation“职业；占有”。故选B。‎ ‎10．Despite all the benefits of building a factory here, only a few people argued ________ the project.‎ A．in terms of B．in need of C．in praise of D．in favour of 解析：选D　考查短语意义。句意：尽管在这里建一个工厂有很多的好处，但只有少数的人支持这个项目。in favour of“支持；赞成”，符合句意。in terms of“依据；按照；在……方面”；in need of“有……的需要；有……的必要”；in praise of“为歌颂……；为颂扬……”。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．(2014·荆州质检)The CEO from the big company believed that it was the newcomers' ability that_made_a_difference,_not the university they graduated from.(difference)‎ 这家大公司的首席执行官认为，真正重要的是新员工的能力，而不是他们毕业于什么大学。‎ ‎2．(2014·湖北八校一联)Nowadays young people just can't live without the Internet; they depend on it for whatever_information_they_need.(need)‎ 现在的年轻人离开网络就无法生活，不管他们需要什么信息他们都会通过互联网来获取。‎ ‎3．From his words I could see that seldom did_he_set_aside some time to communicate with his children.(set)‎ 从他的话中我可以看出，他很少抽出时间跟自己的孩子交谈。‎ ‎4．Danby left a word with my secretary that_he_objected_to human beings cloning.(object)‎ Danby 留言给我的秘书说，他反对克隆人。‎ ‎5．How I wish my friends would_have_an_idea_of what I've been going through recently.(idea)‎ 我真希望我的朋友们能理解我最近所处的困境。‎ ‎6._What_bothers_me_most is that he seems to take no interest in his school ‎ work.(bother)‎ 最使我伤脑筋的是，他似乎对自己的功课毫无兴趣。‎ ‎7．Nowadays more and more teenagers can_not_resist_becoming/being_addicted_to online games.(resist)‎ 如今越来越多的青少年无法抵制地迷恋网络游戏。‎ ‎8．With more_and_more_wealth_accumulated,_he becomes the richest person in our region.(accumulate)‎ 随着财富越积越多，他成了我们这个地区的首富。‎ ‎9．As_is_well_known,_everyone is forbidden to smoke in buses, regardless of what they are.(as)‎ 众所周知，无论是谁，在公共汽车上都是禁止吸烟的。‎ ‎10．I can't imagine there should_be_a_shortage_of_water in Yunnan, the southwest of China where there used to be adequate rain.(shortage)‎ 我很难想象中国西南地区的云南竟然会缺水，那个地方原来雨水很充足。‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 A ‎(2014·荆州质检)Are you competitive enough to make it in America?‎ There is an undeniable excitement about coming to study in the US, but it’s not all excitement.‎ Yes, it is America; it is the land of freedom; it’s the place where different cultures clash ... and live together in peace.However, you guys might agree with me: it’s not easy to leave home and the security of family, friends and people who love and care about us.And doing it raises some questions：‎ Is it worth it? Are you equal to the challenge? You might be sitting in front of your computer watching a documentary about America, which shows you the breathtaking views of skyscrapers in New York, the beautiful warm weather in San Diego, and the huge parties along the beaches of the Sunshine State, Florida.‎ Just as you know, it’s all true.I remember how my heart was racing the first time I visited Times Square in New York.I can’t find any words in the dictionary to describe how I felt at that moment.Someday, when you get lucky and go there, you will know what I mean.‎ Unfortunately, TV and movies never show the other side of what students must do to survive America.Education in the States is really different from other places.Yes, there is the traditional A, B, C, and D grading system, and you get to be on the Dean’s List if you have all A’s on your transcript.However, these grades don’t just come from your test performances.The requirements of classes in the US are much more varied and this is the biggest adjustment that overseas students have to manage.‎ Some have papers that you have to write every week; others have group projects you must do with your classmates, presentations you make in the class, or research you do by yourself to prove your own idea.There comes a night when you have a couple of projects for different classes, a paper, and an exam to study for.And that night you ask yourself, “What did I get myself into？”‎ I’m not trying to intimidate you, but you should know what it really is like to study in the States.One thing I can promise you is that it is worth all the hard work you put in.And the more time you give to your study, the more open doors you will have by the time you finish your degree.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了在美国学习的特点：美国是来自不同文化背景的人友好相处的地方，对于海外留学生来说，在美国学习时，平衡不同的学习是很有挑战性的。‎ ‎1．The author wrote this passage to ________.‎ A．help readers prepare for studying in the US B．warn people of the dangers of living in the US C．promote the US education system to overseas students D．make readers understand the benefits of studying in the US 解析：选A　写作意图题。根据第二段中的“There is an undeniable excitement about coming to study in the US”以及最后一段第一句中的“you should know what it really is like to study in the States”可知，作者写本文的目的在于帮助想要去美国学习的读者做好准备。故A项正确。‎ ‎2．According to the author, America is ________.‎ A．a place that he could not get used to B．a country where students can learn freely C．a dangerous place to live in without family or friends D．a place where people from different backgrounds get on well 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“it’s the place where different cultures clash ...and live together in peace”可知，作者认为美国是来自不同文化背景的人友好和平相处的地方。故D项正确。‎ ‎3．According to the passage, which of the following is most challenging?‎ A．Attending all the classes.‎ B．Getting all A’s in the tests.‎ C．Writing papers every week.‎ D．Balancing different study requirements.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的最后一句“The requirements of classes in the US are much more varied and this is the biggest adjustment that overseas students have to manage.”‎ 可知，对于海外留学生来说，平衡不同的学习是最有挑战性的。故D项正确。‎ ‎4．The underlined word “intimidate” in the last paragraph most probably means “________”．‎ A．encourage B．frighten C．confuse D．persuade 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“What did I get myself into？”以及最后一段第二句中的“all the hard work”可知，画线词所在句表示我不是在恐吓你，但是你应当知道，在美国学习真正是什么样子？B项意为“恐吓”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“鼓励”，C项意为“使混淆”，D项意为“说服”，都与语境不符。‎ B ‎(2014·黄冈4月适应性测试)Last week, my granddaughter started kindergarten, and I wished her every success. But part of me didn’t. I actually wanted her to fail in some ways because I believe that failure can be good for our learning process. Success is proving that you can do something that you already know you can do, or doing something correctly the first time, which can often be a problematic victory. Firsttime success is often a fluke (侥幸). Firsttime failure, by contrast, is expected to be the natural order of things. Failure is how we learn.‎ In Africa they describe a good cook as “She who has broken many pots”. If you’ve spent enough time in the kitchen to break a lot of pots, you probably know a lot about cooking. I once had dinner with a group of cooks, and they spent time comparing knife wounds and burn scars. They knew how much credibility their failures gave them.‎ I earn my living by writing a daily newspaper column. Each week I am aware that one column I write will be my worst. I don’t set out to write it. I try my best every day. I have teamed to cherish that column. A good column usually means that I am discussing my familiar topic, writing in a style I am used to or saying the same ‎ things as anyone else but in a fancy way.‎ My younger daughter is a trapeze artist. She spent three years pulling together a show, and she did it successfully for years. There was no reason for her to change it, but she did anyway. She said she was no longer learning anything new and she was bored. And if she was bored, there was no point in subjecting her body to all that stress. She risked failure and public embarrassment in order to feed her soul.‎ My granddaughter is a perfectionist. She will feel her failures, and I will want to comfort her. But I will also, I hope, remind her of what she learned, and how she can do better next time. I hope I can tell her, though, that it’s not the end of the world. Indeed, with luck, it is just the beginning. ‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过举例来说明：失败是学习的过程，这是事物的自然法则。失败并不是一件倒霉的事情，而恰恰相反，它是一件非常幸运的事情，因为这才是成功的开端。‎ ‎5．Why did the author want his granddaughter to fail?‎ A．Success is boring though beneficial.‎ B．She would learn more from failure.‎ C．It’s impossible to do everything successfully.‎ D．He wanted her to be strong enough to face hardships.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“... because I believe that failure can be good for our learning process.”以及最后一句“Failure is how we learn.”可知，失败是学习的过程，作者认为孙女能从失败中学到更多。故B项正确。‎ ‎6．What’s the author’s attitude towards his daughter changing her show?‎ A．Negative. B．Worried.‎ C．Positive. D．Excited.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“She risked failure and ‎ public embarrassment in order to feed her soul.”可知，为了满足自己的灵魂，她承受着失败的风险和不被观众接受的尴尬处境。由此结合全文可知，作者对于失败持乐观态度。所以可以看出作者对女儿的选择持积极态度。故C项正确。‎ ‎7．The author develops the article mainly by ________.‎ A．giving examples B．following the time order C．comparing different opinions D．presenting a cause and analyzing its effects 解析：选A　推理判断题。作者以自己和孙女、女儿的经历为例，说明失败是件有益的事情。故A项正确。‎ ‎8．The writer talked about his own experience to show that ________.‎ A．we cannot depend on luck to live a good life B．we should try every possible way to avoid failure C．past failures made him dare not take risks in writing D．the thought of failure will make you work even harder 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者学会珍惜最差的专栏，学会如何采用一些有效的写作技巧，而不是循规蹈矩。故D项正确。‎ 生态环保类 ‎[精读语篇](2013·辽宁高考阅读理解B)‎ Going green seems to be a fad (时尚) for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.‎ On April 22,2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year.This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.‎ With the idea of going green every single day for a year, Our Green Year started.My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment.We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.‎ Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles.We now shop at organic (有机的) stores.We consume less meat, choosing green food.We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need.We have given away half of what we owned through websites.Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners.We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of homemade fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.‎ Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.‎ ‎[题目试做](建议用时：7分钟)‎ ‎60．What might be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Going Green B．Protecting the Planet ‎ C．Keeping OpenMinded D．Celebrating Our Green Year ‎61．It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because ________.‎ A．they were expected to follow the green fad B．they didn’t know how to educate other people C．they were unwilling to reduce their energy D．they needed to perform unusual green tasks ‎62．What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?‎ A．They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.‎ B．They ignored others’ ungreen behavior.‎ C．They chose better chemical cleaners.‎ D．They sold their homemade food.‎ ‎63．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．The government will give support to the green project.‎ B．The couple may continue their project in the future.‎ C．Some people disagree with the couple’s green ideas.‎ D．Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.‎ ‎[读文样板]‎ 一、理清文章脉络 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要介绍了2011年4月22日作者一家人决定用实际行动践行绿色生活。‎ 第一段：开篇点题——践行环保对我和妻子来说不是时尚而是生活方式。‎ 第二至四段：经过——一年环保的经历。‎ 第五段：总结——感激环保的机会并提出希望。‎ 二、破解阅读障碍 ‎(一)怎样破解生僻词汇 ‎1．green n．绿色；绿色蔬菜 adj.绿色的；草绿色的 破解方法： 熟词新义。 根据文章的主旨，本文作者践行绿色环保可知，green意为“环境保护的；赞成环境保护的”。‎ ‎2．ungreen adj.非绿色的，不环保的 破解方法：利用构词法。un(否定前缀)＋green (绿色的)＝ ungreen ‎(二)怎样破解长难句 译文：我和妻子决定教育人们在生活中如何践行绿色生活，并希望让人们看到所有有助于环保的事情。 ‎ ‎[解题样板]‎ ‎60.本文的最佳标题是什么？‎ 信息源 选项特征 A.追求绿色 全文 综合概括 B.保护地球 全文 曲解文意 C.保持思维开放 文中未提及 无中生有 D.庆祝我们的绿色之年 全文 以偏概全 ‎[分析]　选A　由文章第一段“Going green seems to be a fad (时尚) for a lot of people these days ...but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.”及第五段“Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.”可知本文的主题是“Going Green”，故A项正确。‎ ‎61.对那对夫妇来说，整整一年都要过绿色的生活是困难的，这是因为________。‎ 信息源 选项特征 A.他们被要求追求绿色时尚 ‎ 文中未提及 无中生有 B.他们不知道该如何教育别人 文中未提及 无中生有 C.他们不愿意节能 文中未提及 无中生有 D.他们要履行不同寻常的绿色任务 第二段 合理推断 ‎[分析]　选D　第二段的第二句的“...challenging ourselves to go green beyond easy things (挑战自我去做一些不容易做的环保事情)”。此处beyond easy things (不容易做的事 情)与unusual green tasks是同义的；以及文章一再强调“We had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task (必须想出365种不同的环保事情要做，这不是件容易的任务)”。故答案为D。‎ ‎62.那对夫妇在绿色之年做了什么？‎ 信息源 选项特征 A.他们尽力避免不环保的生活习惯。‎ 倒数第二段 综合概括 B.他们无视别人的不环保行为。‎ 倒数第二段最后一句 颠倒是非 C.他们选择更好的化学清洁剂。‎ 倒数第二段第六句 颠倒是非 D.他们出售自制的食品。‎ 倒数第二段第二句 颠倒是非 ‎[分析]　选A　根据Our Green Year 这个定位词可以在倒数第二段找到依据，该段说他们一家完全改变了生活方式，在有机商店购物，少吃肉，尽量少买不需要的东西，不用化学洗液等等，这些都是环保的习惯，这与A项概括相一致。‎ ‎63.从最后一段我们可以推知什么？‎ 信息源 选项特征 A.政府会支持这个绿色计划。‎ 文中未提及 无中生有 B.那对夫妇未来可能会继续他们的生活方式。‎ 最后一段 合理推断 C.有些人和这对夫妇持有不同的绿色观点。‎ 文中未提及 无中生有 D.绿色之年正成为一项全国性运动。‎ 文中未提及 无中生有 ‎[分析]　选B　文章最后一段“We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.(我们很感谢有机会能够追求绿色和教育别人。我们相信我们有能力去改变事情，并且帮助我们的星球。)”，说明这对夫妇这个环保年很成功，所以他们可能在将来还会继续他们的环保做法。 ‎