【英语】2018届人教版必修2一轮复习：Unit1单元学案设计（23页） 23页

‎2018届人教版必修2一轮复习：Unit1单元学案设计 单元知识梳理和能力组合 知识盘点 ‎ 重点词汇 ‎1.survive幸存，经历…而活着 2.amaze 使惊讶 3.select精选 4.design设计 5.fancy奇异的 6.style风格 7.remove除去 8.doubt怀疑 9.reception接待 10.light点燃 11.wonder惊奇 12.evidence证据 13.trial尝试；审判 14.explode爆炸 15.sink下沉 16.debate辩论 ‎ 短语 ‎1. belong to属于 2. in search of搜寻 3. in return作为回报 4. at war交战 5.take apart拆开 6. think highly of高度评价 7. be used to do被用来做 8. rather than而不是 9. more than不仅仅 10. less than少于 11. care about在乎 12. add …to…增加 13. agree with同意 14. see for oneself亲自看 15.at that time在那时 16.serve as充当 17. by the light of 借着…的光 18. be designed for 为…而设计 19.no doubt 无疑 20. the entrance to 通往…的入口 句型 1. There is no doubt that…: 毫无疑问，…‎ 2. It takes somebody some time to do something. 做某事花某人多长时间 3. This was a time when…在这个时期…‎ 4. It can be proved that…可以证明，…‎ 5. can’t have done something不可能做过某事 能力拓展 ‎1. Is it enough to have survived for a long time? 已经存在很久就够了吗？‎ survive vi/vt比...活得长； 经历...后依然活着; 经受得住 ‎(1)Her parents died in the accident, but she survived. 她的父母死于车祸，而她却幸免于难。 ‎ ‎(2)These plants cannot survive in very cold conditions. 这些植物不能在寒冷的条件下存活。‎ ‎(3)The family are struggling to survive on very little money. 这家人靠着很少的钱艰难度日。‎ ‎(4)He is the only one of the soldiers who survived the war. 他是唯一一个从那场战争中幸存下来的战士。‎ ‎(5)The house survived the storm. 经过暴风雨袭击, 这所房屋并未倒塌。‎ survivor n. 幸存者 There was only one survivor from / of the plane crash. 这次空难只有一名幸存者。‎ survival n. 幸存 ‎ His only chance of survival was a heart transplant. 唯有心脏移植手术才能使他活下来。‎ ‎2. IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM 寻找琥珀屋 search v, n.‎ verb: ‎ ‎~ sth for sth/sb 搜查某物以寻找某人或某物 ‎(1)Police are still searching the woods for the missing girl. 警察在搜索森林寻找失踪女孩。‎ ‎ (2)Firefighters searched the building for survivors. 消防战士搜查大楼寻找幸存者。‎ ‎~ sb for sth 搜查某人以寻找某物 The police searched her for drugs. 警察搜查她，看她身上是否有毒品。‎ ‎~ for sth/sb 寻找某物或某人 ‎(1)She searched in vain for her passport. 她寻找护照，但是没找到。‎ ‎(2)I’ve searched high and low for my lost pen. 我到处寻找丢失的钢笔。‎ noun：‎ ‎~ for sb/sth 搜寻某人或某物 ‎(1)a search for a missing plane 搜寻失踪的飞机 ‎(2)She went into the kitchen in search of (= looking for) a drink. 她进入厨房找饮料喝。‎ ‎(3)Some birds fly south in search of winter sun. 一些鸟飞往南方寻觅冬季阳光。‎ ‎(4)The search for a cure goes on. 对治疗方法的寻找在进行着。‎ ‎(5)The police carried out /made a thorough search of the rooms, but they failed to find any drugs. 警方彻底地搜查了那些房间，但没有找到任何毒品。‎ ‎3. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. 琥珀屋的设计是当时流行的奇特风格。‎ design v, n verb:‎ ‎~ sth 设计 ‎ (1)to design a car / a dress / an office 设计汽车，连衣裙，办公室 ‎ (2)a badly designed kitchen一间设计很差的厨房 ‎(3)He designed and built his own house. 他设计建造了自己的家。‎ be design ed for sth / be designed as sth / be designed to do 为某目的或用途而设计制造 ‎(1)The gloves are designed for extremely cold climates. 这些手套是为严寒地区设计制造的。‎ ‎(2)This course is designed as an introduction to the subject. 这门课程是作为该科目的入门课而开设的。‎ ‎(3)The programme is designed to help people who have been out of work. 这个项目是为帮助失业的人而开设的。‎ noun: ‎ ‎ (1)She had designs on his money. 她觊觎他的钱财。‎ ‎(2)We don’t know if it was done by accident or by design. 我们不知道那件事是偶然的还是故意的。‎ ‎4. She told her artists to add more details to it. 她让她的艺术家们给琥珀屋增加一些细节。‎ add v. ~ sth (to sth) 添加，增加 Shall I add your name to the list? 我把你的名字加到名单上，好吗？‎ ‎~ A to B / ~ A and B together 加 ‎(1) Add 9 to the total. 在总数上加9。‎ ‎(2) If you add 5 and 5 together, you get 10. 5加5 得10。‎ ‎~ sth (to sth) 补充说，又说 ‎(1) I have nothing to add to my earlier statement. 我对先前说的话没什么要补充的。‎ ‎(2) “And don’t be late,”she added. 她补充说，“别迟到了！”‎ ‎(3) He added that he would return a week later. 他补充说他过一周就回来了。‎ add to sth 增加 The bad weather added to our difficulties. 坏天气增加了我们的困难。‎ add sth up 加起来 Add up all the money I owe you. 把我欠你的钱加起来。‎ add up to sth 加起来等于，等于说 ‎(1) The numbers add up to exactly 100. 这些数加起来正好是100。‎ ‎(2) His long answer just adds up to a refusal. 他说那么多实际等于是拒绝。‎ ‎5. The Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. 俄罗斯人民从琥珀屋移走了一些家具和小艺术品。‎ remove v.‎ ‎~ sth/sb from sth 将某物或某人从某处移开 ‎(1)He removed his hand from her shoulder. 他把放在她肩上的手移开了。‎ ‎(2)You should remove your hat in the church. 在教堂里你应该脱帽。‎ ‎(3)He removed the mud from his shoes. 他去掉鞋上的泥。‎ ‎(4)That officer was removed from his position. 那位军官被免职了。‎ ‎~ sth 消除，使消失 ‎(1)to remove problems / difficulties / objections 解决问题，克服困难，消除反对意见 ‎(2)The news removed any doubts about the company’s future. 这个消息消除了人们对公司的未来的疑虑。‎ ‎(3)It was impossible to remove the stains from the tablecloth. 这些污渍不可能从桌布上除掉。‎ removal n. 移动,调动,迁移,排除;免职 ‎(1)removal of an official 一位官员的免职 ‎(2)The factory announced its removal to another town. 这家工厂宣布迁往另一座城市。‎ ‎6. There is no doubt that the boxes were put on a train for Konigsberg. 毫无疑问，那些箱子被装上开往哥尼斯堡的火车。‎ doubt v/n verb：‎ ‎ [v +sth] There seems no reason to doubt her words. 好象没有理由怀疑她的话。‎ ‎ [v +(that)] I never doubted (that) he would come. 我确信他会来。‎ ‎ [v +wh-] I doubt whether / if he will come. 我不敢肯定他来不来。‎ ‎[v +sb] I had no reason to doubt him. 我没有理由怀疑他。‎ noun [U, C] ‎ ‎~ about / as to sth / ~ that / wh- 怀疑 ‎(1)There is some doubt about her honesty. 人们对她的诚实有些怀疑。‎ ‎(2)I have some doubt as to his intention. 我有些怀疑他的意图。‎ ‎(3)There is no doubt that he is a kind person. 毫无疑问，他是个善良的人。‎ ‎(4)She had her doubts whether he was telling the truth. 她怀疑他没说真话。‎ beyond (any) doubt 毫无疑问 It is beyond doubt that smoking is harmful to our health. 毫无疑问，吸烟有害健康。‎ in doubt 怀疑；不肯定 She is in doubt whether she is right. 她怀疑自己是否正确。‎ no doubt 无疑 ‎ No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way. 无疑他想帮忙，而实际上他是帮倒忙。‎ without doubt 毫无疑问 ‎ This meeting has been, without doubt, the most successful we have had so far. 这次会议无疑是开得最成功的一个。‎ 练习：‎ ‎(1). Do you doubt ________she will succeed?‎ ‎(2). I doubt ______________ he will keep his word.‎ ‎(3). I have no doubt _______ he will win the game.‎ Keys: (1). that (2). whether/if (3). that ‎7. To them, it was worth much more than Chen Lei paid. 对他们来说，它的价值远远高于陈雷花的钱。‎ ‎ (1) worth adj, n.‎ adj: ~ sth / doing sth 值，值得 ①The house is worth about £1000000. 这座房子价值1000000英镑。‎ ②How much is this painting worth? 这幅画值多少钱？‎ ③The museum is certainly worth a visit. 这个博物馆值得参观。‎ ④Was it worth the effort? 它值得费这个劲吗？‎ ⑤The job involves a lot of hard work but it’s worth it. 这个工作很费劲，但值得去做。‎ ⑥The trip was expensive but it was worth every penny. 这次旅行花了不少钱，但花得很值。‎ ⑦This idea is well worth considering. 这个想法很值得考虑。‎ ⑧He’s worth £10 million. 他拥有1千万的财产。‎ noun [U] 价值 The winner will receive 100 pounds' worth of books. 获胜者将得到价值100英镑的图书。‎ ‎(2) more than的用法 ① “more than＋名词” 表示“多于……”、“不仅仅是” 如： ‎ ‎　Modern science is more than a large amount of information. 现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。‎ ‎　Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too. 他不仅仅是讲师，他还是个作家。‎ ②“more than＋数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如： ‎ ‎　I have known David for more than 20 years. ‎ ③“More than＋形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如： ‎ In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments. 做科学实验时，必须非常小心仪器。‎ ‎　I assure you I am more than glad to help you. 我保证我非常高兴帮你。‎ ④在“more...than...”中，肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，约等于“是……而不是……”或“与其说是后者，不如说是前者”如： ‎ ‎　Catherine is more lazy than stupid. 与其说凯瑟琳笨，不如说她懒。‎ ‎　Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened. 听到那声巨响，男孩很惊讶而不是害怕。‎ ⑤“more than”或“more...than...”＋含“can”的分句时表示“否定意思”，如： ‎ ‎　That's more than I can do. 这我做不了。‎ ‎　Don't bite off more than you can chew. 贪多嚼不烂。‎ Her joke went too far. It was more than I could put up with. 她的玩笑开得太过了，我受不了。‎ 此外，“more than”也在一些惯用语中出现，如： ‎ ‎　⑥More often than not（经常），people tend to pay attention to what they can take rather than what they can give. ‎ ‎　⑦All of us are more than a little concerned about（非常关心）the current economic problems. ‎ ‎　　总之，“more than”看似简单，其实很有内涵。‎ ‎8. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋到底发生了什么事一直是个谜。‎ remain 保持；停留；剩下 ‎(1)依然：[v+adj / n / v-ed/ v-ing /that]‎ to remain silent / standing / seated / motionless 保持沉默/站着/坐着/不动 Train fares are likely to remain unchanged. 火车费可能保持不变。‎ In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends. 尽管吵架了，但他们依然是最好的朋友。‎ I’m sorry you’re tired, but the fact remains that the job has to be done. 很遗憾你累了，不过事还得做。‎ ‎(2)剩下：[v+ (to do) ]‎ ‎ Very little of the house remained after the fire. 大火之后房子所剩无几。‎ ‎ There were only ten minutes remaining. 只剩下10分钟。‎ Much remains to be done. 很多事有待于做。‎ It remains to be seen whether you are right. 你是否对以后才能知晓。‎ ‎(3)停留： [v + adv. / prep] ‎ They remained in Mexico until June. 他们在墨西哥呆到了六月。‎ ‎ She left, but I remained behind. 她离开了，但我留了下来。‎ 考例1. (2009四川) Please remain ______ until the plane has come to a complete stop.‎ ‎ A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated 解析：答案是D。seat sb 意为“让某人坐下”，所以某人坐着即为 “(Sb) be seated”。‎ 而remain同be一样也是系动词，所以后面也接seated。也可以把seated看作一个表状态的形容词“坐着的”。 remain 表示“依然，继续”，为系动词，后加名词，形容词或分词做表语。‎ 考例2. With the ______ five dollars, she bought a pair of shoes for her daughter.‎ ‎ A. more B. remaining C. left D. rest 解析：答案是B。remain表“剩下”为不及物动词，表主动不用被动，所以它的形容词形式为-ing. C选项的left 做后置定语。D项的rest为名词，可带of短语，不修饰名词。‎ ‎9. It can be proved that China has more population than any other countries in the world. 可以证明，中国人口比世界上任何其他国家都多。‎ prove (proved, proved) or (proved, proven)‎ ‎(1)vt. 证明 ‎[~ sth (to sb) ] ‎ They hope this new evidence will prove her innocence. 他们希望这个新证据会证明她无罪。‎ Just give me a chance and I’ll prove it to you. 给我一个机会，我会证明给你看。‎ ‎[~ (that)] This proves (that) I was right. 这证明我是对的。‎ ‎[~ wh-] This proves what I have been saying for some time. 这证明了我一段时间以来所说的话。‎ ‎[~ +宾语+ adj] She was determined to prove him wrong. 她决心要证明他错了。‎ ‎(2)系动词：证明是，显示是 ‎[v+adj/n] ‎ Perhaps this book will prove (to be) useful. 或许这本书会证明有用的。‎ ‎ On the long journey, he proved a good companion.在长途旅行中他显示出是个好旅伴。‎ ‎[v +to be] ‎ The promotion proved to be a turning point in his career. 这次提拔证明是他事业的转折点。‎ Their fears proved to be groundless. 他们的担心证明是无根据的。 [~ oneself (to be) n/adj] ‎ He proved himself to be a good companion. 他显示自己是个好旅伴。‎ 难点突破 ‎ 一．长难句分析 ‎ 1. Fredrick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。‎ ‎ could never have imagined 过去不可能想到 ‎ 情态动词+ have done 表示对过去所发生的事情的推测，现归纳如下：‎ ‎ must + have done只用于肯定句，意思是“过去一定做过”。‎ can’t +have done “过去不可能做过，肯定没做过”，是must + have done的否定形式。‎ should (ought to) + have done 表示“本来应该做而实际上没做”,含有责备的语气。 ‎ should not (ought not to) + have done则表示“本来不该做而实际上做了”，含有责备的语气。 ‎ could + have done 表示“本来有能力做而实际上没有做”。 ‎ needn’t + have done 表示“本来不必做的事，实际上做过了。” ‎ would like to have done 表示“本来希望做而却未做的事”。 ‎ may (might) + have done表示对过去的推测，多用于陈述句，意思是“可能……”。might 比may 语气更加委婉。 例如：‎ 例1. (2007福建) ---Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.‎ ‎--- You ______ it in the wrong place. ‎ A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put 解析：答案是D。might have done表示过去可能做过的事。‎ 例2. (2007上海)---Guess what! I have got an A for my term paper.‎ ‎ ---Great! You _____ read widely and put a lot of work into it.‎ ‎ A. must B. should C. must have D. should have 解析：答案是C。此句意为“你肯定读了很多书”，对过去发生的事情进行推测用must have done。‎ 例3. (2008重庆)---I can’t find my purse anywhere. ‎ ‎---You have lost it while shopping.‎ ‎ A. may B. can C. should D. would 解析：答案是A。此句意为“你可能购物时丢了它了”，过去可能发生的事情用may have done。‎ 例4. (上海 2000) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ______  your lecture．  A． couldn’t have attended  B． needn’t have attended  C． mustn’t have attended  D． shouldn’t have attended ‎ 解析：答案是A。此句意为 “我妹妹昨天下午在大剧院碰见他了，所以他不可能听了你的讲座。” 表示过去不可能做了用“can’t / couldn’t have done”。‎ ‎ 2．…which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make. 它花了这个国家最好的艺术家十年的时间建造的。‎ ‎ take 表示“ 需要，花费”，常用句型为“It takes sb some time to do sth.”例如：‎ ‎ It took him all afternoon to finish the task. 他用了整个下午才完成这件工作。‎ ‎ Courage is what it takes to succeed. 成功需要勇气。‎ ‎3. About four meters long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. 琥珀屋长约四米，被当作了接待厅接见重要客人。‎ ‎ 表示某物的长，宽，高的结构为：数词+量词+ long/ wide/ high ‎ ‎ 或：数词+量词+ in length/ width/ height 例：--- ______ is the height of the mountain?‎ ‎ ---It’s 8848 meters ______.‎ ‎ A. How tall; high B. What; tall C. What; in height D. What high; high ‎ 解析：答案是C。高度是多少用what提问，第二空可填high或in height。‎ ‎4. This was a time when the two countries were at war. 这是两国交战的时期。‎ ‎ ① a time 表示一段时间，为先行词，when 引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作时间状语。‎ 考题：There was ______ time ______ I hated to go to school.‎ ‎ A. a, that B. a, when C. the, that D. the, when 解析：答案是B。此题结构和所分析的句子完全相同。‎ ② at war (with) (和…)处于交战状态，war前不要冠词。其他“介词+冠词”表状态的短语有： ‎ at: at work在工作/ at table 在吃饭/ at play 在玩耍 ‎ on: on show 在展出 / on duty值班/ on sale 出售；贱卖/ on holiday 在度假/ on fire在燃烧 / on watch值班，放哨/ on trial受审/ on business 因公，因事/ on guard 警惕，防范 in: in trouble在麻烦中 / in danger 处于危险中/ in battle 在交战/ in doubt怀疑，不确定/ in order 秩序井然，整齐/ in secret 秘密地，私下地/ in debt 欠债/ in shape 处于良好状态/ in anger愤怒地/ in poverty 在贫困中 under: under repair在修理中 / under discussion正被讨论 / under construction正在建造中 / under treatment 正被治疗under control 被控制住 ‎5. The Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. 俄罗斯人民从琥珀屋移走了一些家具和小艺术品。‎ ‎ was/ were able to 表示过去经过努力，成功地做了某事，表达一种结果。类似于succeeded in doing 或managed to do的含义。如：‎ He worked very hard, and was able to pass the examination. 他学习很努力，因而通过了考试。‎ 考题: The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.  A. had to  B. would  C. could  D. was able to ‎ 解析：答案是D。此题意为“大火迅速在宾馆蔓延开，但人们都成功地逃出去了”，表示过去成功地做了某事只能使用was ／ were able to do，故本题选D。‎ 二.词语辨析：‎ ‎1. worth, worthy, worthwhile ‎(1)worth: ‎ ①只作表语，有某种价值 The picture is worth $ 500. 这幅画值500 美元。 ‎ ② be worth doing 值得做某事 （其后接动名词时，总是用主动形式表示被动意义。）‎ The clock is hardly worth repairing. 这台钟简直不值得修理。‎ What is worth doing is worth doing well. 值得干的事就得干好。‎ Nothing he said was worth listening to. 他说的话没有一句值得听。‎ ‎ ③ worth 习惯上不用 very 修饰，要表示类似意思可用 well。如：‎ ‎ The work is well worth doing.‎ ‎(2)worthy可用作表语和定语 ① worthy of sth值得…‎ ‎ Their efforts are worthy of your support. 他们的努力应得到你的支持。  ‎ Her behavior is worthy of praise. 她的行为是值得赞扬的。‎ ‎ ② be worthy to do 值得（表主动）‎ ‎ He is worthy to receive such honor. 他应该得到这种荣誉。‎ ‎ ③ be worthy of being done/ be worthy to be done 值得被（表被动）‎ ‎ This suggestion is worthy to be considered. 这个建议值得考虑。‎ This suggestion is worthy of being considered. 这个建议值得考虑。 ‎ ‎ ④作定语，值得尊重和考虑的，如：a worthy course 崇高的事业，‎ ‎(3)worthwhile: adj值得的，值得花时间、钱或精力的，‎ ①作表语, 后接动名词或不定式均可。 如：‎ It is worthwhile buying/ to buy the dictionary. 这本词典值得买。‎ ②作定语，如：‎ Nursing is a very worthwhile career. 护理工作是很值得干的职业。‎ 补充说明：在很多情况下，同一个意思可用几种不同的形式表达。如：那个地方值得一去。正：The place is worth a visit.‎ 正：The place is worthy of a visit.‎ 正：The place is worth visiting.‎ 正：It is worth visiting the place.‎ 正：The place is worthy of being visited.‎ 正：The place is worthy to be visited.‎ 正：It is worthwhile visiting the place.‎ 正：It is worthwhile to visit the place.‎ ‎2. spend, cost, take, pay ‎(1)spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：‎ ① spend time／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）。例：‎ I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。‎ ② spend time／money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。例：‎ They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。‎ ‎(2)cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下：‎ ①sth. costs + (sb.) ＋金钱. 某物花了（某人）多少钱。例：‎ A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。‎ ② sth. costs + (sb.) ＋代价. 做某事使某人付出了什么代价。例：‎ Drunk driving cost him his life. 酒后开车使他付出了生命的代价。 ‎ ‎(3)take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：‎ ①It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例：‎ It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。‎ ②It takes (sb )＋sth + to do sth. 做某事需要(某人)某物。例：‎ Courage is what it takes to succeed.成功需要勇气。‎ A smile is sometimes what it takes to cheer a friend up. 有时候一个微笑就会使朋友高兴起来。‎ ‎(4)pay的基本用法是：‎ ① (Sb) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买……。例：‎ I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。‎ ② pay for sth. 付……的钱。例：‎ I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。‎ ③ pay sb (+ to do) 付钱给某人(去做某事)。 例: ‎ We pay the baby-sitter by the hour. 我们按小时给保姆钱。‎ I will pay you $3 to clean my car.我给你3美元你替我洗车。‎ 语法点拨 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 一．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的概念 ‎1.限制性定语从句： 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，关系代词有that, which, whom, who, whose以及关系副词when, where, why等，没有逗号把从句与先行词分开。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确。例如： Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? Where is the book which I bought this morning? 2.非限制性定语从句： 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。用法其实与限制性定语从句极为相似，只是不能用that引导。例如： This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet. English is an important subject, which every student should study well. 二. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1. 从形式上看，限制性定语从句与其先行词紧紧相连，两者没有停顿；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。‎ ‎2. 从意义上讲，限制性定语从句用来修饰先行词，两者密不可分；而非限制性定语从句仅仅对先行词作补充性叙述或说明，两者关系不那么紧密。‎ ‎3. 从翻译方法来看，一般来说，限制性定语从句多半译成汉语的前置定语，修饰其后的先行词，非限制性定语从句则往往译成后置的并列从句。例如：‎ This is the house which we bought last year. 这是我们去年买的那幢房子。（限制性） This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet. 这封信是他父母写来的，他们在西藏工作。（非限制性）  ‎ ‎4. 从关系词的使用来看:‎ ‎(1) that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎(2) 在非限制性定语从句中的关系词不能省略。‎ ‎(3) 非限制性定语从句的关系代词which既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的含义。指代前面整句的含义时，定语从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：‎ She heard the terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. (which指代noise) He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没领会我的意思，这使我心烦。 (Which指代“他似乎没领会我的意思”这个句子。)‎ ‎(4) as在引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，有“正如，就像”之意。as 引导的定语从句可放在主句之前，之中或之后，位置灵活。例如：“我们都知道，吸烟有害健康”这句话可译成：‎ As we know, smoking is harmful to our health.‎ Smoking, as we know, is harmful to our health.‎ Smoking is harmful to our health, as is known to us all.‎ 典题赏析 考例一：He made another wonderful discovery, _______ of great importance to science.‎ ‎ A. which I think is B. which I think it is ‎ C. which I think it D. I think which is ‎ ‎【解析】答案A。先行词是discovery，定语从句意为“这个发现对科学很重要”，所以引导定语从句的关系词在从句中做主语，由which引导。I think是插入语，考虑句子结构时可忽略，定语从句就简化成了which is of great importance to science。‎ 考例二：There was ______ time ______ I hated to go to school.‎ ‎ A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when ‎【解析】答案B。全句意为“曾经有一段时间我痛恨上学”。 第一空a time表示一段时间，第二空引起定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，所以用when。‎ 考例三：Carol said the work would be done by October, ______ personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which ‎【解析】答案D。从句意为“我对“Carol说的在十月前能做好这项工作表示怀疑”， which代表“十月前能做好这项工作”这部分内容，并在从句中做宾语。‎ 考例四：(2009重庆) Professor William keeps telling his students that the future ______ to the well-educated. ‎ A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged ‎【解析】答案A。belong to 不能用被动，也不能用于进行时。‎ 考例五：(2009浙江)I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why ‎ 【解析】答案B。a point是先行词，定语从句空白处意为“在这一点上”，所以用表地点的where。这里表示一个抽象的地点。‎ 考例六：It’s none of your business _______ other people think about you. Believe yourself.‎ ‎ A. how B. what C. which D. when ‎ 【解析】答案B。此题意为“别人怎么看你跟你无关。相信自己。”表示对某人或某物的看法，常用句型有：What do you think?‎ ‎ What would you say…?‎ What do you think of/about …? ‎ How do you feel about …? ‎ How do you like sth?‎ What’s your idea/opinion of…?等。‎ 单元知识综合运用 一、词性转换 ‎ ‎1. rare adj. __________ adv. 2. amaze vt. __________ adj. ‎ ‎3. value n. _______ adj. _______(反义词) 4. survive vt. ___________n. ‎ ‎5. decorate v. __________n. 6. wood n. _________ adj. ‎ ‎7. doubt n. vt. ________ adj. _______(反) 8. evidence n. ________ adj. ‎ ‎9. formal adj. __________(反) 10. culture n. __________ adj. ‎ 二．完成句子 ‎1. Can I buy lunch for you ________________ (作为报答) for your help?‎ ‎2. This vase is valued ________________(少于) 40 dollars.‎ ‎3. Those two countries have been _________________(交战) for a long time.‎ ‎4. The machine has already been __________________(拆开).‎ ‎5. John mentioned several judges’ names, but he didn’t __________________(评价高) them.‎ ‎6. There is no d_____________ that he will get the first prize.‎ ‎7. Pandas are a kind of r_____________ animals.‎ ‎8. That dictionary isn’t mine; it b_____________ to the library.‎ ‎9. She is an able girl and she d_______________ all her dresses.‎ ‎10. I f______________ （想象）he’s pretty happy.‎ ‎11. She r______________(搬走) the painting to another wall.‎ ‎12. He bought me a v_______________ diamond ring as a birthday present.‎ ‎13. The great hall was d_______________ with flowers.‎ ‎14. That novel isn’t w______________（值得） reading.‎ ‎15. Catherine works at the l______________(当地的) post office.‎ 三． 选择词组填空 ‎ at war belong to less than take apart in return for to one’s surprise in search of ‎ think highly of look into there is no doubt that rather than in other words ‎ 1. A team of 350 experts were sent to the desert _____________ the buried ancient city.‎ 2. The police have received the letter and they are _____________it.‎ 3. I gave him some apples _____________ his help.‎ 4. The headmaster ______________me because of my good performance.‎ 5. Recently I’ve found a rare Qing Dynasty vase. But I don’t know whether it should ______________me.‎ 6. The old man saw some Germans ________________ the Amber Room and moving it away.‎ 7. He is an explorer ___________ a sailor. ‎ 8. When two countries were __________, troops of armies were sent to battlefront to fight.‎ 9. Much _________________, the task was finished in only one week.‎ 四． 单项选择 ‎1.Though he is a murderer, he should receive a fair _______.‎ ‎ A. experiment B. trial C. doubt D. test ‎2. As is known to all, the financial crisis firstly broke out in the United States which _______ the group of developed countries.‎ ‎ A. belonging to B. was belonging to C. belongs to D. is belonged to ‎3. The little boy was the only one who ______ the earthquake in his village, and the government sent him to a city school after that.‎ ‎ A. experienced B. escaped C. survived D. suffered ‎4. There’s no doubt ________ international cooperation is the key to ______ with cybercrime.(网络犯罪)‎ ‎ A. whether; doing B. that; dealing C. whether; do D. that; do ‎ ‎5. The employee you had been thinking highly_______ dishonest.‎ A. of proving B. of proved C. of to prove D. of being proved.‎ ‎6. The police________ him to see if he had a gun.‎ A. searched for B. searched C. in search of D. looked for ‎7. Whether by accident or _______, he arrived too late to help us.‎ A. purpose B. aim C. design D. chance ‎8. The countries have been _______ for more than a century.‎ A. at rest B. at war C. at table D. at school ‎ ‎9. What he did _______ what he said moved us. ‎ A. more than B. rather than C. less than D. no more than ‎10. There was ______ time ______ I hated to go to school.‎ ‎ A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when ‎ ‎11.There were two large buildings,_______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.‎ A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger of whom D. the larger of which ‎12.______ is known to all that the Amber Room belongs to the Russians.‎ A. As B. which C. It D. What ‎13.--- We don’t know who stole the book. What’s you opinion?‎ ‎---Jack is considered _______ it.‎ A. having done B. to have done C. doing D. to do ‎14.He was so nervous during the test. No ______ he didn’t pass the exam.‎ A. way B. surprise C. wonder D. matter ‎15.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ whether they will enjoy it.‎ ‎ A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen ‎16.I don’t like to go to the concert. I have no interest in it; _______, I have lots of work to do.‎ A. however B. beside C. therefore D. besides ‎17.It is the youngest brother rather than his two elder brothers _______been fined for breaking the traffic rules.‎ A. whom have B. who have C. that have D. that has ‎18.Mike ________ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning A. can have found B. could have found C. can’t have found D. mustn’t have found ‎ ‎19. This book will _______ to the students of English.‎ A. be of great value B. be of great valuable C. be great value D. be of very value ‎20. He was_______ by his colleagues though he himself didn’t think he had done anything special.‎ A. thought little of B. thought poorly C. highly thought of D. highly thought ‎ ‎21. — The English exam is not difficult, is it? ‎ ‎—____. Even Tom ____ to the top students failed in it.‎ A. Yes; who is belonging B. No; who is belonged ‎ C. Yes; who belongs D. No; who is belonging ‎22. In the 1930s, the two countries were at _____ war, and his father was fighting at _____ front.‎ ‎ A. the; 不填　　 　B. 不填; the C. the; the D. 不填; 不填 ‎23. His work was _____ by his boss.‎ ‎ A. highly thought B. high thought of C. thought much of D. well thought of ‎24.--- She looks very happy. She ____ have passed the exam.‎ ‎--- I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.‎ A. should B. could C. must D. might ‎25. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. _____ he is tired out.‎ ‎ A. There is no point B. There is no need ‎ C. It is no wonder D. It is no way ‎26. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ____ a cure for AIDS will be found.‎ ‎ A. which B. what C. that D. whether ‎27. What surprised me was not what he said but ___ he said it.‎ ‎ A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which ‎28. Do you know whom this bird _______ ?‎ ‎ A. belong to B. belongs to C. is belonged to D. is belonging to ‎29. --- There were five people in the car but they still took me.‎ ‎ --- It ____ a comfortable journey.‎ ‎ A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been ‎30. He’s given me so much help that I really want to do something for him _____.‎ ‎ A. in returns B. by turns C. in return D. in answer ‎31. Don’t worry. Jim is quite used to ____ in such busy streets as this.‎ ‎ A. drive B. be driving C. have driven D. driving ‎32. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _____ so lonely as now.‎ ‎ A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. had I felt 参考答案：‎ ‎1. rarely 2. amazing 3. valuable--- valueless---valuably 4. survival/survivor 5. decoration----decorative 6. wooden 7. doubtful----doubtless 8. evident 9. informal 10. cultural 二． ‎ ‎1. in return 2. less than 3. at war 4. taken apart 5. think highly of ‎6. doubt 7. rare 8. belongs 9. designs 10. fancy 11. removed ‎ ‎12. valuable 13. decorated 14. worth 15. local 三．‎ ‎1. in search of 2. looking into 3. in return for 4. thought highly of ‎5. belong to 6. taking apart 7. rather than 8. at war 9. to our/my surprise 四． 1-5 BCCBB 6-10 BCBBB 11--15. DCBCB 16---20DDCAC ‎ ‎ 21--25 CBDCC 26-30CABDC 31-32 D A ‎ 同步练习1词语 ‎ I 根据首字母填写符合句意的单词 ‎1. After supper, Mary helped her mother r_________ the dishes from the table. ‎ ‎2. The man came into the dark room with a l_________ candle in his hand. (light) ‎ ‎3. No w________ Jack knew everything about it. ‎ ‎4. Nobody knew how to put an end to that h_________ argument.‎ ‎5. The government discussed the matter for a long time but they didn’t reach any a_________. ‎ ‎6. Experts found 25 of the cultural relics worthy of study from the Qing D________.‎ ‎7. In this single-room apartment, there was almost no other f________ except a bed and a table. ‎ ‎8. Vice-President Zeng Qinghong said yesterday that Hong Kong people should t_________ the present stability, harmony and development.‎ ‎9. I p_________ not to see him when he passed my office.‎ ‎10. Japan should take history as a m_________, not do anything that hurts Chinese people again.‎ II 单项选择 ‎1. ---- He isn’t particular about his food. ---- Yes, he eats _______ anything.‎ ‎ A. nearly B. mostly C. almost D. possibly ‎2. What he said _______ to be right.‎ ‎ A. proves B. is proved C. has been proved D. prove ‎3. I don’t like black coffee. Would you please _______ some sugar _______ the coffee.‎ ‎ A. add; to B. add; up C. add; up to D. add; /‎ ‎4. My umbrella _______, I have looked for it everywhere but still _______ it.　 ‎ A. has lost, don’t find B. is missing, don’t find ‎ C. has lost, haven’t found D. is missing, haven’t found ‎5. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _______ . ‎ ‎ A. 20 dollars remained B. remaining 20 dollars ‎ ‎ C. remained 20 dollars D. 20 dollars to remain ‎6. ---- What a lovely day! Won’t you go out with them?‎ ‎---- No, I’m going to have my car ______ go out doing nothing.‎ A. fix up rather than B. fixed up rather than C. to fix more than D. to be fixed up rather than ‎ ‎7. She, rather than her sisters, ______ good ______ making fireworks for two years.‎ A. have been, of B. have become, at C. has been, at D. has become, in ‎ ‎8. ---- Will you go and attend her party? ---- No, ______.‎ ‎ A. even though invited to B. even is invited ‎ C. is not invited D. unless being invited to go ‎9. The _______ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years.‎ ‎ A. little white wooden B. little wooden white ‎ C. white wooden little D. wooden white little ‎10. International Language Testing System ______ to measure your ability in English. ‎ A. designs B. has designed C. is designed D. has been designed ‎11. _______ the houses were knocked down in the earthquake（地震）.‎ ‎ A. A great many B. A great many of C. The number of D. A great ‎ deal of ‎12. ---- Do remember _______ to see me tomorrow? ---- Certainly, I _______.‎ ‎ A. coming; do B. to come; do C. coming; will D. to come; will ‎13. _______ the doors are locked before you go away.‎ ‎ A. To make sure B. Make sure of C. Making sure D. Make sure ‎14. My son was born _______ four o’clock _______ the afternoon _______ August 19.‎ ‎ A. at; on; of B. at; in; in C. on; of; of D. in; of; on ‎15. We’ll produce twice _______ cotton as we did last year.‎ ‎ A. so many B. so much C. as many D. as much ‎16. I don’t think she _______ what happens to her children.‎ ‎ A. care about B. cares about C. cared about D. will care about ‎17. It was mother who first _______ me to the pleasures of story telling.‎ ‎ A. took B. introduced C. shouted D. treated ‎18. What he said _______ us much to think about.‎ ‎ A. kept B. remained C. left D. made ‎19. He is popular _______ young people because he is known _______ the King of Rock.‎ ‎ A. with; as B. in; for C. as; as D. among; to ‎20. When the earthquake happened, I _______ my dog.‎ ‎ A. happened to be walking B. happened to walk ‎ C. happened to have walked D. was happening to walk ‎21. It was quite cold that day, and we had the fire _______ day and night.‎ ‎ A. burn B. burnt C. burning D. to be burning ‎22. You’ll find this map of great _______ in helping you to get around London.‎ ‎ A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness ‎23. The singing went on _______ the evening and into the late of the night.‎ ‎ A. all over B. all through C. all along D. all out of ‎24. _______ who wants to go must sign here.‎ ‎ A. Those B. A person C. Anyone D. Men ‎25. What a wonder! They’ve finished _____ 30% of the task within a week.‎ ‎ A. no more than B. no less than C. not more than D. much less than 参考答案：‎ I 根据首字母填写符合句意的单词 ‎1. remove 2. lighted 3. wonder 4. heated 5. agreement 6. Dynasty 7. furniture 8. treasure 9. pretended 10. mirror II 单项选择 ‎1-5. CAADB 6-10. BCAAC 11-15. ADDAD 16-20. BBBAA 21-25. CCBCB ‎[解析]‎ ‎1. 首先从含义上排除B和D，mostly是副词，意思是“多半；大部分”，possibly“可能的”。nearly和almost意思相近，但nearly侧重修饰数量，而almost侧重修饰不定代词。‎ ‎2. prove具有系动词的使用特征，当物作主语时prove不用被动语态，后面跟动词不定式，或可省略to be，只有It is proved that…句型中才用prove的被动语态。‎ ‎3. add的有关用法如下：add A to B 把A与B相加；add to = increase 增添；增加；add up to 加起来等于。‎ ‎4. 表示“某物丢失了、不见了”可以用be missing/ lost/ gone；第二空考查时态，与前文的完成时态一致。‎ ‎5. 表示“剩余的”应该用remaining。 with the 20 dollars to remain意思是“留下二十美元”，与句意不符。‎ ‎6. 考查have加复合宾语的用法。汽车应当是被修理，因此用过去分词fixed up，后面是个并列连词rather than连接have和go out两个动词。‎ ‎7. 主谓一致原则。谓语动词应该根据rather than前面的主语来确定单复数。‎ ‎8. even though invited to = even though I am invited to attend the party.‎ ‎9. 考查多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序。wooden与中心词house的关系最密切，应最靠近house，只有A符合。多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。‎ ‎10. be designed to do “被设计用来做”。‎ ‎11. a great many of the houses = a great many houses。‎ ‎12. Remember to do“记住要做某事”，remember doing“记得已经做了某事”，句首的Do用来表示强调，其实是祈使句，故用I will“我会的”来回答。‎ ‎13. 祈使句，make sure后面跟宾语从句时不需要介词。‎ ‎14. 时刻前面用at，表示具体某一天的下午用介词on，of表示所属。‎ ‎15. 考查倍数的一种表达方式，“倍数+as+形容词/副词原级（+名词）+as”。cotton为不可数名词，故用much，so…as用于否定句中。‎ ‎16. 考查时态，宾语从句表示的是一般情况，主语是she第三人称单数。‎ ‎17. 考查动词辨析。introduce sb. to sth.意思是“引导或带领某人接触某事物”，往往指初次或开始体验某事物。‎ ‎18. 考查动词搭配。A、B两项都不能搭配动词不定式作宾补，make不能跟带to的动词不定式作宾补，而且四个选项中只有leave后面可以接双宾语，leave sb. sth.意思是“给某人留下…”。‎ ‎19. be popular with/ among sb.“受某人欢迎”；be known as“作为…而闻名”。‎ ‎20. happen to be doing“碰巧正在做”。‎ ‎21. have sth. doing表示使某物保持某一动作或状态，day and night是关键词。‎ ‎22. (be) of结构后面接一个抽象名词，相当于一个形容词。of great value = valuable。本句中是find后面跟复合宾语结构，of great value作宾补。‎ ‎23. all through+时间，all over+地点，而throughout+地点/时间均可。‎ ‎24. 根据定语从句的谓语动词单数确定用anyone作主语，而不能用those。‎ ‎25. no more than“只有；仅仅”；not more than“不如那么多”；much less then“比少得多”；no less than“不少于”。从What a wonder!“真是奇迹”，可知他们完成的工作之多，只有no less than符合题意。‎ V 用括号中所给词语翻译下列句子 ‎11. He never expects anything in return for his help. ‎ ‎12. There’s no doubt that he’ll disagree.‎ ‎13. They searched for the missing papers, but failed to find them.‎ ‎14. The boy took the watch apart to see how it runs.‎ ‎15. There are two small rooms in the house, the smaller of which serves as a kitchen ‎2 语法 (定语从句) ‎ I 用限定性定语从句合并下列两个句子 ‎1. The man used to be a football player. His leg was hurt in a match two years ago.‎ ‎2. Emily is wearing a new dress. I bought it for her. 3. The boy is my classmate. Mike is speaking with him.‎ ‎4. Who is the man? He spoke to Helen at the gate.‎ ‎5. He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents’ farm.‎ II 用非限定性定语从句合并下列两个句子 ‎1. He has left Beijing. A meeting is to be held there.‎ ‎2. Charles Smith retired last year. He was my former teacher.‎ ‎3. He seems not to have understood what I meant. This greatly upset me.‎ ‎4. He has two sons. Both of them are teachers.‎ ‎5. I’m reading Harry Porter. It is an interesting book.‎ III 在横线上填入适当的关系代词或关系副词 ‎1. Those _______ will go to the park stay here.‎ ‎2. That was all the money _______I had.‎ ‎3. Look at the boy and his dog _______ are coming this way.‎ ‎4. That was the year _______ I went to America.‎ ‎5. Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.‎ ‎6. He often speaks highly of himself, _______ made others upset.‎ ‎7. He opened the door, in front of _______ sat a boy ‎8. The man to _______ I spoke is a famous scientist.‎ ‎9. The boy _______ mother is dead was brought up by his father. ‎ ‎10. we came to the town, _______ we stayed for 2 hours.‎ IV 单项选择 ‎1. The doctor _______ she sent her friend is very famous.‎ A. to whom B. to whose C. whom D. at whom ‎2. The day _______ you are looking forward to will certainly come.‎ A. in which B. when C. which D. what ‎3. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn A. which B. / C. that D. it ‎4. Those _______ not only from books but through practice will succeed.‎ A. who learn B. who C. who learns D. learn ‎5. It is the second time _______ you have made such a mistake.‎ A. what B. that C. which D. when ‎6. This is one of the best films _______ this year.‎ A. which has been shown B. that have been shown ‎ C. that have shown D. have been shown ‎7. What especially interested us was the way _______ our teacher studied foreign language.‎ A. / B. which C. by which D. what ‎8. Lily would never forget the evening _______ she lost the ring.‎ A. which B. when C. at which D. where ‎9. The Little White House in Warm Springs was the Georgia home of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, _______ there on April 12, 1945. ‎ A. who died B. died C. while died D. he died ‎10. He was very rude to the customs officer, _______ of course made things even worse.‎ A. who B. whom C. what D. which ‎11. He is an interesting speaker, and, _______ is more important, he knows his subject thoroughly.‎ A. what B. which C. that D. when ‎12. There are two buildings, _______ stands nearly a hundred feet high .‎ A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which ‎13. The journey around the world took the sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.‎ A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which ‎14. Mayor（市长）will make an inspection（视察）of our school on Monday, _______ you can tell him how hard the situation we are in.‎ A. where B. which C. when D. that ‎15. Mr. Zhou, _____ native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages.‎ A. whose B. his C. which D. that V 英汉互译 ‎1. 你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎2. 他领我看他丢失钱包的地方。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎3. 你已经做了你所能做的一切来帮助他们。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎4. There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________。‎ ‎5. There were very few passengers that escaped without serious injury.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________。‎ 参考答案 I 用限定性定语从句合并下列两个句子 ‎1. The man whose leg was hurt in a match two years ago used to be a football player.‎ ‎2. Emily is wearing a new dress (that/which) I bought for her.‎ ‎3. The boy (who/whom) Mike is speaking with is my classmate.‎ ‎4. Who is the man that spoke to Helen at the gate.‎ ‎5. He prefers the cheese that comes from his parents’ farm.‎ II 用非限定性定语从句合并下列两个句子 ‎1. He has left Beijing, where a meeting is to be held.‎ ‎2. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.‎ ‎3. . He seems not to have understood what I meant, which greatly upset me.‎ ‎4. He has two sons, both of whom are teacher.‎ ‎5. I’m reading Harry Porter, which is an interesting book.. ‎ III 在横线上填入适当的关系代词或关系副词 ‎1-10. who, that, that, when/ in which, that, which, which, whom, whose, where/ in which IV 单项选择： 1-5. ACCAB 6-10. BABAD 11-15. ADACA ‎[解析]‎ ‎1. 考查send的搭配，“把朋友送到那个医生那里”，介词应该用to。‎ ‎2. look forward to后面用关系代词that/which作宾语。‎ ‎3. 先行词有the only修饰时关系代词用that。‎ ‎4. 先行词Those是复数，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎5. 考查句型It is +第几次+that从句。‎ ‎6. 先行词有最高级修饰时，关系代词用that，先行词前用one of修饰时，定语从句中谓语动词用复数，而the (only) one of修饰时，定语从句中谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎7. 先行词the way后面用that/ in which或不用关系词，在定语从句中作状语。‎ ‎8. 定语从句中缺少的是状语。C项中的介词用错。‎ ‎9. 本句是关系代词who引导的非限定性定语从句，who指代前面的被修饰成分President Franklin D. Roosevelt并在从句中作主语。‎ ‎10. 非限定性定语从句，which指代前面整个句子的内容。‎ ‎11. 由句中的and可知前后是并列句，不是主从复合句，故用what。‎ ‎12. 非限定性定语从句，the larger of which“其中较大的”。‎ ‎13. of which意思是“其中”，整句意思是：环球旅行花了九个月，其中用来航行的时间是226天。‎ ‎14. 非限定性定语从句，when翻译成“到时候”。‎ ‎15. 定语从句中缺少的是主语的定语whose。‎ V 英汉互译 ‎1. Do you remember the day when we arrived here?‎ ‎2. He showed me the place where he lost his wallet.‎ ‎4. 旅客很少，他们逃了出来，没有受重伤。‎ ‎5. 没有受重伤逃出来的旅客很少。‎ ‎ 3 完形、阅读 、写作 ‎ I 完形填空 Mrs. Green, including her husband and three children, lived in a city, 1 was very near the countryside. She worked 2 a teacher and gave music lessons at a school. Of course she was fond of 3 ‎ Mrs. Green had a good voice and she 4 her students classes exciting. But she had a 5 point. Some of her notes (音调) were so high that they sounded like a door which needed 6 . In order to improve her notes, she took 7 chance that she could found to practise .‎ As her house was not big, she couldn’t practise 8 in it. So she usually left home, walking and singing 9 the country road. She practised her high notes 10 walking. However, each time she learned a person or a car 11 along the road, she 12 singing. She did not want her high notes to be 13 , for she was shy（害羞的）.‎ One afternoon a fast open car came up to her so 14 and so fast that she didn’t 15 it until the car was only a few meters away. She was practicing some of her 16 and most difficult notes at that time. As the car passed by, she saw a 17 expression come over the driver’s face. He stopped suddenly to 18 all the tyres（轮胎）carefully.‎ Mrs. Green felt it shy to tell the driver what the 19 he had heard really was. The driver found 20 wrong, got back into the car and drove off.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. A that B. which C. where D. there ‎2. A. as B. like C. with D. on ‎ ‎3. A. books B. pictures C. sports D. music ‎ ‎4. A. got B. supported C. made D. forced ‎ ‎5. A. weak B. strong C. good D. special ‎ ‎6. A. painting B. locking C. cleaning D. oiling ‎ ‎7. A. some B. each C. a D. other ‎ ‎8. A. operating B. listening C. singing D. playing ‎ ‎9. A. across B. beside C. close to D. along ‎ ‎10.A. as soon as B. while C. after D. before ‎ ‎11.A. coming B. disappearing C. leaving D. driving ‎ ‎12.A. kept B. went on C. stopped D. began ‎13.A. found B. made C. hearing D. heard ‎ ‎14.A. quietly B. quickly C. carefully D. slowly ‎ ‎15.A. recognize B. catch C. realize D. provide ‎ ‎16.A. biggest B. highest C. nicest D. largest ‎ ‎17.A. puzzled B. sad C. serious D. happy ‎ ‎18.A. watch B. examine C. control D. notice ‎ ‎19.A. fact B. note C. noise D. music ‎ ‎20. A. the tyres B. everything C. something D. nothing ‎ II 阅读理解 The horsepower was first used two hundred years ago. James Watt had made the world’s first widely used steam engine. He had no way of telling people exactly how powerful it was, for at that time there were no units for measuring power.‎ ‎ Watt decided to find out how much work one strong horse could do in one minute. He called that unit one horsepower. With this unit he could measure the work his steam engine could do.‎ ‎ He discovered that a horse could lift a 3,300-pound weight 10 feet into the air in one minute. His engine could lift a 3,300 pound weight 100 feet in one minute.‎ ‎ Because his engine did ten times as much work as the horse, Watt called it a ten-horsepower engine.‎ ‎1. Watt made the world’s first ______.‎ ‎ A. train B. engine C. steam engine D. bus ‎2. Watt wanted to find a way ______.‎ ‎ A. to lift a 3,300-pound weight ‎ B. to show how useful his steam engine was ‎ C. to tell people exactly how powerful his steam engine was ‎ ‎ D. to measure the weight of his steam engine ‎3. What does one horsepower mean? It means ______.‎ ‎ A. one horse’s power ‎ B. what one strong horse can do in one minute ‎ C. what one horse can do in a day ‎ D. what work one horse can do as much as possible ‎4. Which is not true? ______.‎ ‎ A. Watt decided to find out how much work one strong horse could do in one minute ‎ B. Watt decided to make the world’s first widely used horse engine ‎ C. He wanted to find a way to tell people exactly how powerful his engine was ‎ D. He wanted to measure the work his engine could do ‎5. The best headline for the article is ______.‎ ‎ A. Horsepower B. Watt’s steam engine ‎ C. A ten-horsepower engine D. The beginning of horsepower III用括号中所给词语翻译下列句子 ‎1．尽管摸起来像石头一样硬，加热时它很容易融化。(as… as…)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎2．从那以后，这块宝石怎么样了便成了一个谜。(happen to)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎3．目击者提供的信息必须是事实而不是看法。(rather than)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎4．我很赞赏那些寻找真理的人。(think highly of)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎5．你如何能肯定她在说实话？ (be sure) ‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎6．他帮助人从不期待任何回报。（in return）‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎7．毫无疑问，他不会同意的。(There is no doubt)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎8．他们寻找丢失的文件，但是没有找到。(search for) ‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎9．男孩把手表拆卸看看它是怎么运行的。(take… apart)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎10．这幢房子有两个小房间，小的那个用作厨房。(serve as)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________.‎ IV 书面表达 根据提供的信息，写一篇关于埃及的金字塔(the pyramids in Egypt)的介绍，字数在100-120之间。要点包括：1．是与长城齐名的人工建筑。2．建造目的：保存遗体；藏宝。建造时间：几千年前。建造地点：距开罗(Cairo)不远，尼罗河（the Nile River）以西，因为以日出和日落比喻人的出生和死亡。3．大金字塔为国王胡夫(Khyfu)而建。‎ 参考答案 I 完形填空：‎ ‎1-5. BADCD 6-10. DBCDB 11-15. ACDAC 16-20. BABCD ‎ [解析]‎ 1． 非限定性定语从句，which在从句中作主语。‎ 2． work as“某人的工作是……”。‎ 3． 根据上下文当然是music。‎ 4． 考查make的复合结构，make classes exciting“课上得激动人心”。‎ 5． 从上文a good voice可知下文发的高音不是不好听，而是比较有特点，因此不能选weak，而应该选special。‎ 6． 考查need后面动名词的主动表示被动，need oiling = need to be oiled。‎ 7． ‎“抓住每个机会”，只有each符合题意。‎ 8． 从下文来看是练声，当然选singing。‎ 9． ‎“沿着乡间小路”用介词along。‎ 10． ‎“在散步的时候”，用while。‎ 11． 既指人又指车，只有coming适合。‎ 1． 从下文可知她会停止唱歌。‎ 2． 表示她不想她的歌声被人听到。‎ 3． 从下文她没有注意到这辆车开过来，应该是车开得比较quietly。‎ 4． realize“意识到”，此处意思相当于notice，符合题意。‎ 5． 从下文的the most difficult可推知也是最高的音。‎ 6． 表示司机的疑惑，以为轮胎出了问题。‎ 7． 表示司机“检查轮胎是否出了问题”，用examine最合适。‎ 8． 司机没有意识到有人在练声，所以music和note都不妥，用noise表示他听到的声音才合适。‎ ‎20．轮胎当然没什么问题，nothing wrong。‎ II 阅读理解： 1-5. CCBBD ‎ 1. 细节题。第二句话中有明确交待。‎ 2. 细节题。第一小节中有明确交待。可用排除法对A、B、C的说法一一否定。‎ 3. 细节题。第二小节第一、二句。‎ 4. 判断题。B项中的horse engine是错误的，应该是steam engine。‎ 5. 主旨归纳题。本文主要讲horse power一词的来历。‎ III 用括号中所给词语翻译下列句子 ‎1. Although it feels as hard as stone, it easily melts when heated.‎ ‎2. After that, what happened to the jewel remains a mystery.‎ ‎3. The information which is given by the eyewitness must be facts, rather than opinions.‎ ‎4. I think highly of those who are searching for truth.‎ ‎5. How can you be sure that she was telling the truth? ‎ ‎6. He never expects anything in return for his help. ‎ ‎7. There’s no doubt that he’ll disagree.‎ ‎8. They searched for the missing papers, but failed to find them.‎ ‎9. The boy took the watch apart to see how it runs.‎ ‎10. There are two small rooms in the house, the smaller of which serves as a kitchen IV 书面表达 One possible version The Great Wall in China and the pyramids in Egypt are considered the most famous man-made projects in the world.‎ The pyramids were built thousands of years ago. The Great Pyramid was built for a king call Kyhfu. The kings of ancient Egypt planned strong pyramids to keep their bodies safe after death and to hold their treasure. The ancient Egyptians compared the rising of the sun to the beginning of life and the setting of the sun to the end of life. That’s why all the pyramids are located on the west bank of the Nile River not far from Cairo. ‎