2019届一轮复习人教版选修七Unit3Underthesea单元学案设计（9页word版） 9页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修七 Unit3 Under the sea单元学案设计 一、重点词汇总结 ‎1．witness vt ‎(1)be present at(someplace)and see it 当场见到/目击 Did anyone witness the accident？有人亲眼看到那次事故了吗？‎ ‎(2)“见证了”，时间、地点等作主语。‎ Recent years have witnessed the collapse of the steel industry.近年来钢铁业日渐衰落。‎ n．目击者，证人 The police found the witness to the murder case.警察找到了那件谋杀案的目击者。‎ There was no witness at the scene of the accident.在事故现场没有证人。‎ witness 还可表示“作证”“证明”，常用“witness to sth./doing sth.”‎ a live witness to...活生生的证人 bear/give witness to sth.为……作证 witness－box(英)＝witness stand (美)证人席 ‎2．sort out ‎(1)分类，整理 I am just sorting out the papers that can be thrown away.‎ 我在整理可以被扔掉的文件。‎ ‎(2)解决(问题/困难)‎ We've got a few little problems to sort out.我们有几个小问题要解决。‎ 近义词：sort through 查看并挑选出 He was sorting through a pile of papers on his desk.他在整理桌子上的一堆文件。‎ ‎3．accommodation n.‎ ‎(1)rooms，esp.for living in 房间，住所 The high cost of accommodation makes life difficult for students in London.‎ 由于住宿费用昂贵，伦敦的学生感到生活困难。‎ ‎(2)lodgings，rooms and food(often pl.)膳宿(在英国英语中为不可数名词，在美国英语中为可数名词，常用复数)‎ Can we find accommodations at a hotel for tonight?我们今晚能找到旅馆住宿吗？‎ 短语：make accommodation for...为……提供膳宿 ‎4．yell v．& n．叫喊/叫声，喊声 ‎(1)v.shout often because you are frightened，angry，or excited She yelled(out)at her naughty child.[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]她朝她那淘气的孩子大喊。‎ They yelled at him to stop.他们朝他大喊，让他停下来。‎ ‎(2)n.a loud shout.e.g.a yell of delight/warning ‎5．ahead of ‎(1)(时间、空间上)在……之前 ‎(2)领先，比……强、好 ‎6．head 朝……方向移动；带领 We headed the boat out to sea.我们将船驶向外海。‎ They are heading home. 他们正朝家走去。‎ Who is heading the Party？该党现在由谁在领导？‎ Whose name heads the list?谁的名字列在名单的最前头？‎ head for＝leave for/start for 朝……方向走去 ‎7．flee(fled，fled)vi./vt. 逃走，逃掉，消失 And those others are stopping it diving or fleeing out to sea...‎ 其他的虎鲸阻止它潜水逃入大海……‎ The spectators fled in panic when the bull got loose.‎ 那只公牛挣脱了束缚，吓得观众四下逃窜。‎ We were forced to flee to the country.我们被迫逃往国外。‎ ‎8．aim.v.‎ aim(sth.)at sb./sth.瞄准，对准 aim at doing sth./aim to do sth.力求达到，力争做到 n．瞄准；目的，目标 ‎9．drag v.‎ ‎(1)拖，拉，拽 He dragged the table into the corner.他把桌子拖到角落里。‎ ‎(2)勉强某人做 He hates parties，and we have to drag him into going.他讨厌参加聚会，我们得硬拉着他去。‎ If he fails，he'll drag us all down with him.如果他失败了，他会把我们大家一起拖下水。‎ ‎10．depth n. ……的深度，深……的地方 ‎...its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea.‎ 它的尸体被虎鲸们迅速拖向深海中去了。‎ Plant the beans_at_a_depth_of_about six inches.把种子埋到大概六英尺深的地下。‎ 短语： in depth 深入地，彻底地 the depths of the jungle 丛林深处 ‎ the depths of the country 穷乡僻壤 the depths of the winter 隆冬 the depths of one's heart 心灵的深处 the depths of despair 绝望的深渊 ‎ ‎11．have a good feed on...饱餐一顿[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ feed：n.meals or food for babies or animals 餐、顿。如：‎ When is the baby's next feed?下一次要什么时候喂这个婴儿？‎ v．give food to 喂养 feed sb./sth.on sth.＝feed sth.to sb./sth. 喂……吃……‎ feed on 以……为食(一般指动物)近义词 live on The prison is required to feed and clothe the prisoners.监狱被要求向犯人提供食物和衣服。‎ Several children were feeding bread to the ducks.＝Several children were feeding ducks on bread.几个孩子正在喂鸭子吃面包。‎ Owls feed on mice and other small animals.猫头鹰以老鼠和其他小动物为食。‎ ‎12．From James's face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.‎ 从詹姆斯的脸上，我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。‎ He abandoned his wife and children.他抛弃了他的妻子和孩子。[来源:学科网]‎ 此处abandon的意思是“放弃，抛弃”，相关短语有：‎ ‎(1)背弃祖国/朋友：abandon one's country/friend ‎(2)抛弃家庭：abandon one's family　‎ ‎(3)革除陋习：abandon a bad habit ‎(4)放弃职位/希望/计划/主意：abandon one's post/hope/plan/idea ‎13．help out帮助……(摆脱困境或危险)‎ My mother helped me out(with some money)when I lost my job.‎ 我的母亲在我失业的时候给我金钱上的援助帮我摆脱了困境。‎ The children help out in their father's shop when things are busy.‎ 父亲店里忙的时候，孩子们在店里帮忙。‎ ‎14．approach vi.& vt. 接近，靠近　n．接近，道路，方式，方法 ‎15．hold up (1)支撑，举起; (2)延迟，阻碍 二、重点句型总结 ‎1. being +done...(作原因、时间等状语)；逻辑主语与done是被动关系 Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. 鲸因为受了重伤, 没过多久就死了。(B7 P20)‎ Being badly injured in a traffic accident, he had to be in hospital for at least two weeks.由于在一起交通事故中严重受伤, 他不得不住院至少两个星期。‎ ‎2. It + be + adj. (for/of sb.)+ to do sth. 做某事是……的 The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. 那天风高浪大, 很难操作船只。(B7 P21)‎ 若形容词(adj.‎ ‎ )是指代事物的特征时，如important，easy，difficult，strange，necessary，等，则用for；如果是说明人的性格特征的形容词，如kind，polite，foolish，warmhearted，cruel，stupid等，则用of。‎ ‎⑵It is very kind of you(你真好) to help me with my math.‎ ‎3. It takes (sb.) time/money/energy to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱/精力 It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James. 用了半个多小时才把船划回到詹姆斯身边。(B7 P21)‎ It took them a long time to be friends again after the quarrel. 争吵之后，他们花了很长时间才重新成为朋友。‎ ‎ 三、重点语法总结 ‎1．现在分词(－ing 形式)的构成。‎ v.-ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 构成，其否定形式是 “not doing”，v.－ing 可以带宾语或状语构成v.－ing短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。‎ ‎2．动词－ing 形式的被动式分一般式和完成式：‎ ‎(1) 一般式：表示这个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生。‎ ‎(2) 完成式：强调这个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成。‎ ‎　　语态时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 ‎(not)doing ‎(not)being done 完成式 ‎(not)having done ‎(not)having been done ‎3.动词－ing的被动式的句法功能。‎ ‎(1)作主语。如：So_being_killed_by_sharks was a common thing.‎ ‎(2)作宾语，用在介词后或需要带－ing 形式作宾语的动词后。如：‎ George didn't like being_kept_waiting.‎ He was terrified of being_abandoned_by_us.‎ Do you remember_having_been_taken to Beijing at the age of ten?‎ ‎(3)作表语。如：‎ What worried the child most was his not_being_allowed_to visit his mother in the hospital.‎ ‎(4)作定语。如：‎ The problem being_discussed is of great importance.‎ ‎(5)作状语。如：‎ Having_been_shown_around the library，we were taken to see the lab.‎ ‎(6)作补足语。如：‎ As we drew closer，I could see a whale being_attacked by a pack of about six other killers.‎ When we approached him，I saw James being_held_up in the water by Old Tom.‎ ‎[注意]‎ ‎(1)v.－ing 形式的被动式主要在句子中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。但v.－ing 形式的被动式的完成式，一般在句中作状语(偶尔作非限定定语)，不作其他成分。‎ They don't like the_design_of_the_new_bridge_being_built.(正在建造的桥的设计)‎ Not_having_been_completed，the museum can't be visited yet.(由于没有完工……)‎ ‎(2)v.－ing 形式的被动式逻辑主语(即动作的承受者)如果也是主句的主语，就不需要表示出来，但是如果逻辑主语不是主句的主语，就得把v.－ing 形式自己的主语表示出来。如：‎ The whole classroom having_been_cleaned，the students went home happily.‎ ‎(3)在want，need，deserve，require，repay，bear，take等动词及形容词worth后，习惯用动词－ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“to be done”。如：‎ The house wants_cleaning.‎ 这房屋需要打扫。[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ My watch needs_repairing.‎ 我的手表需要修理。‎ The way deserves_mentioning.‎ 这个方法值得一提。‎ These young trees will require_looking_after carefully.‎ 这些小树需要细心照顾。‎ The film is worth_seeing.‎ 这部影片值得一看。[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ 四、巩固练习 I. Translate the following sentences into English，using the words and expressions given in brackets.‎ ‎(1)当我意识到她在场之时前，她正好走到我身边。(be aware of)‎ ‎(2)凯莉每读一本书都喜欢反思一下书的含义。(reflect on)‎ ‎(3)这场演出没有什么可以挑剔的，这是真正的享受。(pure)‎ ‎(4)你刷那面墙，同时我准备好这一面墙你好接着刷。(in the meantime)‎ ‎(5)我的女儿喜欢把自己倒吊在操场的机械上。(upside down)‎ ‎(6)夜里一些奇怪的声音把我吓得半死。(scare to death)‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎(1)She was standing right next to me before I became aware of her presence.‎ ‎(2)Whenever Kelly reads a book，she likes to reflect on its meaning for a while.‎ ‎(3)There was nothing I didn't like about the performance.It was pure enjoyment.‎ ‎(4)You paint that wall and，in the meantime，I will prepare this one for you to paint next.‎ ‎(5)My daughter loves to hang upside down on the playground equipment.‎ ‎(6)The strange noises in the night scared me to death.‎ II.句型转换(改成带－ing形式被动结构的简单句)‎ ‎(1)The hotel which is being built now beside the park was designed by a group of young men.‎ ‎(2)The little girl was eventually aware that her parents abandoned her in the mountainous village.‎ ‎(3)He would come even if we don't invite him.(without)‎ ‎(4)After he had been examined several times，he was told to be healthy.‎ ‎(5)I noticed that some people were taken to the police station.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎(1)The hotel being built now beside the park was designed by a group of young men.‎ ‎(2)The little girl was eventually aware of being abandoned by her parents in the mountainous village.[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ ‎(3)He would come without even being invited.‎ ‎(4)After having been examined several times，he was told to be healthy.‎ ‎(5)I noticed some people being taken to the police station.‎ 二 单元知识链接高考 阅读理解分类指导 依据“行文逻辑”线索 文章由段落组成，层次分明，错落有致，围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有总分、解释、例证、并列、层递、转折、对比、因果关系等。“七选五”阅读解题攻略之一就是要理清这些关系，并据此选出正确答案。‎ ‎1．总分关系 ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”‎ E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.‎ ‎[思路分析]　空格前句说有三种密码，空格内应是介绍第一种。由该空的后一句可知，此空选E(你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息)。‎ ‎2．解释关系 ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2017·浙江高考)When your boss or professor sends you out to do manonthestreet interviews for a story，think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example，if your topic is about environmental problems in America，you might ask，“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America？” 32 ‎ E．To get good and useful results，ask them the same question.‎ G．With a question like this，you will get more than a“Yes” or “No” reply.‎ ‎[思路分析]　本段说去采访前要列出大约十个与采访话题相关的问题，并在空前给出例子“Why do you think ...？”选项G中With a question like this中的question指的就是这个问句。‎ ‎[易错提醒]　由于E项和G项都包含名词question，而前一句恰好是一个问句，故学生容易误选E项。根据准备了大约十个问题可排除E项。‎ ‎3．例证关系 ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2017·北京高考)Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep，showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.‎ G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections，or synapses，in the brains of 12 mice.‎ ‎[思路分析]　该段首句说“现在我们有最直接的证据证明他的假设是对的”，那接下来应该是具体描述该证据。此外，该空后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。综合看来，只有G项符合语境，指出了研究团队、实验对象及实验内容。‎ ‎4．并列关系 ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2017·北京高考)Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep，they die within a month. 71 ‎ C．Similarly，when people go for a few days without sleeping，they get sick.‎ ‎[思路分析]　首句指出“每种动物都要睡觉，但原因仍然是个谜”‎ ‎。接下来是具体例证，如实验室的老鼠被剥夺了睡眠，一个月内就会死亡，C项“同样，如果人类连续几天不睡觉，就会生病”与前句是并列关系，故选C项。‎ ‎5．层递关系 ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.‎ A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.‎ F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.‎ ‎[思路分析]　这两个题均可归为层递关系。空格39前说“要读取真正代码的信息，你必须要有一个密码本”，F项“有了密码本，你可以写下代表其他单词的单词”符合上下文语境。空格40后面的句子中有also hard，由此可推知空格处应含有与hard相同或相关的句子，故A项“It is very hard to break a code without the code book.”符合上下文语境。‎ ‎[易错提醒]　空格39前面有a code book，如果学生根据空格39题题干中的the code book选择了A项，那么空格40也一定会选错的，因此一定要防止出现多米诺效应。‎ ‎6．转折关系 ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2016·四川高考)Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 36 In general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.‎ A．However，women，on average，live longer.‎ ‎[思路分析]　空格前说“如今在工业化国家男人和女人寿命都更长”，而空格后说“大致来说，她们比男人能多活六七年”，根据逻辑推断，空格处应该选A项“然而，平均来说女人寿命更长”与前文形成转折关系。‎ ‎7．对比关系 ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts ‎ and write down how you feel.After you've tried a new method for a week，take a look at your record. 40 If not，take another look at other methods you could try.‎ E．If the steps you take are working，keep it up.‎ ‎[思路分析]　由空格后句子中If not可锁定E项。句意“如果有效，就继续坚持，如果无效，就看看其他你可以尝试的方法。”‎ ‎8．因果关系 ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2017·北京高考)One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that，while awake，fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells，but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.‎ E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.‎ ‎[思路分析]　该段首句提出了一个观点，即睡眠帮助人们巩固新的记忆。而E项则是这种观点形成的结果，其中That指代的就是睡眠帮助巩固新的记忆这一观点。故选E项。‎ ‎ ‎