河南省实验中学2020届高三下学期二测模拟考试（四）英语试题 Word版含解析 23页

- 1 - 河南省实验中学高三二测模拟考试 英语试卷（四） 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Life Coaching Courses Life coaching courses are perfect for individuals with excellent interpersonal skills and are willing to help people achieve their goals. The role of a Life Coach is to provide support and guidance for people looking forward to changing or improving a certain aspect of their life. This can be emotional or healthrelated and, in the overall sense, it can mean total life support and life coaching. Life coaching courses available through NCC are below： Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Diploma This qualityassured diploma in Emotional Freedom Technique is a form of emotional and psychological acupressure (指压), which makes use of a simple tapping routine coupled with statements made by the client (客户) to express how they feel about the problem in hand. Price: WAS ￡ 550.00 NOW ￡ 440.00 Awarding Body: ABC Awards Average Duration (持续时间): 200 hours Course Support: 12 months access to the course Health Coaching Diploma The Health Coaching Level 3 Diploma course is appealing for those who wish to improve soft skills or the job that they already have. In addition, it is for those with a keen interest in health promotion. Price: WAS ￡ 550.00 NOW ￡ 440.00 Awarding Body: ABC Awards Average Duration: 200 hours Course Support: 12 months access to the course - 2 - Life Coaching Diploma The Life Coaching Diploma course aims to provide the learner with knowledge of how life coaching works and what a Life Coach does. It could be the beginning of a whole new life, not only for you, but for all your potential clients! Price: WAS ￡ 408.00 NOW ￡ 326.40 Awarding Body: NCFE Certificate Average Duration: 200 hours Course Support: 12 months expert tutor support 1. Who are life coaching courses intended for? A. Those who have emotional needs. B. Those who need a major life change. C. Those who want to keep physical fitness. D. Those who are good at socializing. 2. What can people learn from the Life Coaching Diploma course? A. The job of Life Coaches. B. The history of life coaching. C. The way to develop soft skills. D. The meaning of job promotion. 3. What do these life coaching courses have in common? A. The courses all last for 12 hours on average. B. A 20% discount is offered for each course now. C. All the courses are given by experts in that field. D. All participants can get a diploma from ABC Awards. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 【解析】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了人生导师的工作内容以及三种生活辅导课程的相关信息。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中第一句“Life coaching courses are perfect help people achieve their goals.”可知，生活辅导课是为那些有极好的人际交往技巧的人设计的，并 愿意帮助他们实现目标。故选 D 项。 - 3 - 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Life Coaching Diploma 部分中的“The Life Coaching Diploma course aims to what a Life Coach does.”可知，参加 Life Coaching Diploma 课程的人可以了解人生 教练是做什么的，即了解其职业特征。故选 A 项。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中给出的三种人生教练课程的价格信息“Price: WAS ￡ 550.00 NOW ￡ 440.00”“Price：WAS ￡ 550.00 NOW ￡ 440.00”“Price: WAS ￡ 408.00 NOW ￡ 326.40”可知，这三种课程的共同之处是每种课程目前的费用都有 20%的打折。故选 B 项。 B In addition to being a financial success, Disneyland was a personal satisfaction to his founder Walt Disney. It expressed his ideas of all that is true and good and beautiful in this world. He never was tired of visiting the park himself, of expanding it and improving it. Even today, Disneyland is kept spotless. Every night, each street and walkway is washed, and workers with knives get down on their hands and knees to scrape (刮，擦) up chewing gum that has been dropped by visitors. (Visitors to the park are called “guests” never “customers”) Every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refused to put up signs asking his “guests” not to step on them. All of this has reduced the profits, but it adds immeasurably to the attraction of the park. Undoubtedly it helps explain why an amazing fifty percent of the people who enter Disneyland’s gates have been there before. The park’s general design contributes to the visitor’s pleasure. There are plenty of shade trees, much grass, and lots of cool water in ponds and lakes and rivers—all man-made. The park is divided into five sections. In one section, the visitor walks along an American Main Street as Disney remembered from his childhood. Another section (Tomorrow land) shows the world of the future. A third, Adventure land, satisfies the universal love of exploration. Still another, Fantasyland, takes the visitor into the dreamlike worlds made famous by Disney films. Finally there is Frontier land, which represents the Old west. It is possible, in a single day, to visit in imagination every continent and almost every historical period. There is something for every group. - 4 - Most of what has been said about Disneyland is also true of Walt Disney World. This is a second huge amusement park outside of Orlando, Florida, designed to thrill east-coast visitors as Disneyland has thrilled those in the west. Millions of children and adults have visited its Main Street, Magic Kingdom, and other unforgettable attractions. 4. From the 1st paragraph we learn that . A. Disneyland is rather wasteful in that it often replaced the destroyed plants B. many people’s visiting Disneyland again shows that it’s a nonprofitable place C. Disneyland is mainly the realization of the values of its founder D. Disneyland is well kept in order to earn maximum profits 5. Visitors to Disneyland . A. throw rubbish at random B. can step on the plants C. are mostly self-centered D. never care about its efforts 6. If you want to get some knowledge of American history from Disneyland more extensively, you may first visit . A. American Main Street B. Fantasyland C. Adventure land D. Frontier land 7. Walt Disney World . A. is another name for Disneyland B. has two attractive sections C. is as attractive as Disneyland D. is designed for east-coast visitors only 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C 【解析】 这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了有关迪士尼乐园（Disneyland）的信息。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段中的“In addition to being a financial success, Disneyland was a personal satisfaction to his founder Walt Disney. It expressed his ideas of all that is true and good and beautiful in this world”可知，迪士尼乐园除了是一个商业 成功之外，对于他的建造者沃尔特∙迪斯尼来说，它也是令他满意的一个事物。它表达了他对 世界上所有真实，美好的事物的看法。由此可以推知，迪士尼乐园实现了沃尔特∙迪斯尼的价 - 5 - 值观。故 C 选项正确。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refused to put up signs asking his “guests” not to step on them”可知，每年，大 约有 80 万株植物被替换，因为迪士尼拒绝挂上要求参观者们不要踩踏植株的牌子。由此可以 推知，迪士尼允许游客们踩踏植株。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Finally there is Frontier land, which represents the Old west. It is possible, in a single day, to visit in imagination every continent and almost every historical period”可知，在 Frontier land，游客们可以了解美国历史 的每个时期。故 D 选项切题。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Most of what has been said about Disneyland is also true of Walt Disney World. This is a second huge amusement park outside of Orlando, Florida, designed to thrill east-coast visitors as Disneyland has thrilled those in the west” 可知，关于迪士尼乐园的大部分情况也适用于沃尔特·迪斯尼世界。它位于佛罗里达州奥兰 多郊外，是一个大的娱乐园。其目的就是像迪士尼乐园在西部使人们兴奋一样使东部海岸的 游客们兴奋。由此可以推知，沃尔特·迪斯尼世界和迪士尼乐园具有一样的吸引力。C 选项正 确。 【点睛】根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作 出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中 某一句话，也可是某几句话，但要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。在第二小题中，原 文并没有明确说允许游客踩踏植株，可以根据原文信息“每年，大约有 80 万株植物被替换， 因为迪士尼拒绝挂上要求参观者们不要踩踏植株的牌子”得出该选项。 C It is easier to negotiate（谈判）first salary requirement because once you are insider, the organizational constraints influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don’t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this - 6 - holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth’s story. I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle（小隔间） offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way. It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit （价值）, but “nice” isn’t a quality shared by most organizations. If you feel you deserve a good raise in pay, you’ll probably have to ask for it. Performance is your best bargaining chip（筹码）when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to prove that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs（a new client or a sizable contract, for example）just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want. Use information as a bargaining chip coo. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services? Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction. 8. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should . A. prove his ability B. give his boss a good impression C. ask for as much money as he can D. ask for the salary he hopes to get 9. What can be inferred from Beth’s story? A. Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations. B. If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it. C. People should not be content with what they have got. D. People should be careful when negotiating for a job. 10. We can learn from the passage that . - 7 - A. unfairness exists in salary increases B. most people are overworked and underpaid C. one should avoid overstating one’s performance D. most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises 11. To get a pay raise, a person should . A. advertise himself on the job market B. persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract C. try to get inside information about the organization D. do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. D 【解析】 这是一篇社会现象类说明文。文中介绍了人们在工作面试时一定要提出工资要求；在工作期 间也要适时提出涨工资的要求，但要有与之相匹配的业绩。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中 It is easier to negotiate（谈判）first salary requirement because once you are insider, the organizational constraints influence wage increases. 可知，在接手工作之前应该先谈工资要求，因为一旦入职后，公司的各种规章制度影响工资 的上涨。故选 D。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。比 Beth 入职晚的员工一个个地从小隔间搬到带窗的办公室，而 Beth 任然留在 原地，再根据第二段首句，故可推断出：如果人们想要得到他们应得的（权利，职位等），必 须先提出要求。故选 B。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit （价值）, but “nice” isn’t a quality shared by most organizations. 得到与劳动相等的工资的上涨固然是好事，但是大部分公司并不是这样（对公司的贡献）来 分配工资。故可推断出在工资提升方面存在着不公平现象。故选 A。 【11 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段首句 Performance is your best bargaining chip（筹码）when you are seeking a raise.可知，在提出涨工资时必须要有业绩或 performance（表现）作为筹码。 - 8 - 故 D 项“在薪酬被决定之前要做一些事情来打动老板”正确。 D Are you content with the shape of your nose? If not, the climate may be to blame, not your parents. According to a recent study carried out by scientists from Pennsylvania State University, US, climate played a key role in shaping our noses.The findings were based on an examination of the size and shape of noses of 476 people from four regions — West Africa, East Asia, South Asia and Northern Europe, using 3D facial imaging technology. “People have thought for a long time the difference in nose shape among humans across the world may have arisen as a result of natural selection because of climate，” Arslan Zaidi, one of the lead authors of the study, told The Guardian.But while previous studies were based on measurements from human skulls, Zaidi and his team looked at nose shape itself. The result showed that wider noses are more common in warm and humid climate, while narrower noses are more common in cold and dry climate.That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal passages help to increase the moisture (潮湿) content of air and warm it, which is easier on our lungs.This, in turn, led to a gradual decrease in nose width in populations living far away from the equator. More studies are still needed to test the link between climate and nose shape, but Zaidi believes the current findings are valuable in understanding potential health issues.“As we become more of a global community, we are going to come across climate that we do not adapt to，” he told The Guardian.This means moving to a very different climate might increase the risk of breathing problems. However, he added, “This may not be necessarily true for various reasons such as of modern medicine and the fact that our current climate is very different from what it used to be.” 12. From the passage we know most people from Singapore have noses. A. wider B. narrower C. smaller D. larger - 9 - 13. Narrower noses are helpful to . A. cool the air B. warm the air C. take in more oxygen D. dry the air 14. What can be learned about the study? A. Zaidi’s team measured human skulls using 3D technology. B. The shape of our noses is determined by our parents. C. Nose shape helps people adapt to the environment. D. It’s certain that people will suffer from more breathing problems. 15. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. What factors shape noses? B. How to make your nose attractive? C. Nose shape causes breathing problems D. Climate shapes noses 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了研究表明人的鼻子的形状不只是由父母决定的，而且会受到 生活地区气候的影响。 【12 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，居住在温暖潮湿环境中的人的鼻子普遍更宽，而居住 在寒冷干燥环境中的人的鼻子普遍更窄，又因新加坡在温暖湿润地区，故大部分新加坡人应 该有着较宽的鼻子，故选 A。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal passages help to increase the moisture (潮湿) content of air and warm it, which is easier on our lungs.”可知狭窄的鼻孔能温暖进入鼻孔的空气，故选 B。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后两句“That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal passages to a gradual decrease in nose width in populations living far away from the equator.”可知鼻子的形状会慢慢改变来适应气候，故选 C。 - 10 - 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文，特别是从第一、二段的研究结果“the climate may be to blame, not your parents”“They found that climate played a key role in shaping our noses.” 可知 D 项最恰当，即气候影响鼻子的形状，故选 D。 【点睛】细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能 力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读 材料中可以找到。此外，在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决细节理解题。定位法即根据 题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其 要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文， 并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答 案。 以本文第 2 小题为例，本题运用定位法：根据第四段第二句“That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal passages help to increase the moisture (潮湿) content of air and warm it, which is easier on our lungs.”可知狭窄的鼻孔能温暖进入鼻孔的空气， 故选 B。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Helicopter parenting refers to a style of parents who are over focused on their children. ___16___ For example, it can increase feelings of love and acceptance.However, helicopter parenting may be harmful to children’s development in the following ways. Decreased confidence and selfesteem (自尊)．The message the parents’ overinvolvement sends to kids is “my parents don’t trust me to do this on my own”． ___17___ Increased anxiety.A study from the University of Mary Washington has shown that overparenting is associated with higher levels of child anxiety and depression. Undeveloped problemsolving skills.If parents are always there to clean up a child’s mess or prevent the problem in the first place, how does the child ever learn to deal with loss, disappointment, or failure？___18___ Strengthened sense of entitlement (权利)．Children who have always had their - 11 - social, academic, and athletic lives adjusted by their parents to best fit their needs can become accustomed to always having their way and thus they develop a sense of entitlement. ___19___ Parents who always tie shoes, clear plates, and pack lunches, even after children are able to do the tasks, prevent their children from mastering these life skills themselves. So, parents should let children struggle, allow them to be disappointed, and when failure occurs, help them to work through it.___20___ Remember: taking one step back from solving children’s problems will help build the independent, and selfconfident kids. A. Weakened life skills. B. Damaged life experiences. C. And this distrust leads to a lack of confidence. D. Helicopter parenting has many benefits for children. E. Parents should also let children do tasks they are physically and mentally able to do. F. Making your 3yearold’s bed sounds reasonable, while making your 13yearold’s bed doesn’t. G. Studies found helicopter parenting can make children feel less able in dealing with the stresses of life on their own. 【答案】16. D 17. C 18. G 19. A 20. E 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了“直升机”式子女养育法的缺点，并提出了一些正确的养 育方法。 【16 题详解】 从空后所举的例子可以判断，此处讲的是“直升机”式子女养育法的优点。故选 D。 【17 题详解】 前一句讲到父母过度参与的做法给孩子发出的信号是：父母不相信我能够独立完成这件事情。 该空承接上文，C 项“这样一种不信任会导致孩子缺少信心”符合语境，故选 C。 【18 题详解】 - 12 - 本段主要讲“直升机”式子女养育法不利于培养孩子应对失落感、失败等的能力。故 G 项“研 究发现，直升机式的育儿方式会让孩子们在独自应对生活压力时感到力不从心。”符合语境， 故选 G。 【19 题详解】 本段需要一个主题句，应当在 A 和 B 之间选择。A 项呼应本段中的“prevent their children from mastering these life skills”，故选 A。 【20 题详解】 本段主要介绍正确的养育子女的方法，E 选项“父母也应该让孩子做他们身体上和精神上能够 做的事情”。切题，故选 E。 第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。 When I was young, my understanding of life was simple. This made it ___21___ for me to deal with the world around me. As I grew up, things seemed more ___22___, which made life more challenging. Now, middle-aged, I find my___23___ of the world is returning to the simple. When I try to teach my daughter important ___24___ about life, I will break complicated things ___25___ into small pieces. One of those basics is ___26___, for yourself, and for others. I teach my daughter to ___27___. To fail feels bad, ___28___, but not to have tried feels worse, because you can't respect yourself for it. And as the saying ___29___, if you don't respect yourself, no one else will. When I was seven or eight, I played at my cousin's house with his toys. His family was better off than mine, and he had many more toys. There was one ____30____ that I'd always wanted, and I ____31____ it into my pocket. But a moment later, I ____32____, even at that age, that I would never enjoy playing with the toy. I would always know I had ____33____, and my opinion of myself would ____34____. When his mother dropped me off later that day, I shamefacedly ____35____ out the toy and gave it back. She knew, I'm sure, what had happened, ____36____ she thanked me and never spoke of it again. - 13 - I hope to help my daughter avoid similar ____37____. She first has to gain self-respect ____38____ she can start respecting others. I believe in respect, because ____39____ it we're all enemies. I'm not ____40____ in this regard, far from it. But I try my best, and I respect others for trying their best in this changing world. 21. A. funnier B. easier C. safer D. deeper 22. A. important B. awkward C. fragile D. complex 23. A. view B. experience C. aim D. expectation 24. A. basics B. facts C. subjects D. choices 25. A. away B. off C. down D. out 26. A. passion B. love C. respect D. desire 27. A. forgive B. accept C. share D. try 28. A. certainly B. eventually C. personally D. willingly 29. A. runs B. goes C. writes D. follows 30. A. for fun B. in particular C. with care D. at random 31. A. fetched B. arranged C. slipped D. fitted 32. A. doubted B. promised C. questioned D. sensed 33. A. lied B. stolen C. changed D. cheated 34. A. suffer B. improve C. fade D. spread 35. A. gave B. left C. pulled D. handed 36. A. so B. or C. for D. but 37. A. accidents B. mistakes C. results D. habits 38. A. before B. until C. in case D. now that 39. A. upon B. beyond C. without D. despite 40. A. honest B. casual C. curious D. perfect 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. D - 14 - 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章作者通过自己成长过程中的亲身经历，教育自己的女儿，在 开始尊重其他人之前，她首先要获得自尊。 【21 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。根据 When I was young, my understanding of life was simple.可知， 这让我更容易与周围的世界打交道。A. funnier 更滑稽的；B. easier 更容易的；C. safer 更安全的；D. deeper 更深，故选 B。 【22 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。根据 which made life more challenging.可知，随着我的长大，事情似乎 变得更加复杂。A. important 重要的；B. awkward 尴尬的；C. fragile 易碎的；D. complex 复杂的，故选 D。 【23 题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：现在，中年了，我发现我的世界观正在回归简单。A. view 观点；B. experience 经历；C. aim 目的；D. expectation 期待，故选 A。 【24 题详解】 考查名词辨析。根据 One of those basics is ___6___可知，这里意思是我试着教我女儿重 要的生活基础知识。A. basics 基础知识；B. facts 事实；C. subjects 科目；D. choices 选择，故选 A。 【25 题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：当我试图教我女儿重要的生活基础知识时，我会把复杂的东西分解成 小块。break down into 分解成，该短语是固定短语，故选 C。 【26 题详解】 考查名词辨析。根据 because you can't respect yourself for it.可知，这里意思是其中 一个基本要素就是尊重。A. passion 激情；B. love 爱；C. respect 尊重；D. desire 欲望， 故选 C。 【27 题详解】 考查动词辨析。根据 but not to have tried feels worse 可知，这里意思是我教我的女儿 去尝试。A. forgive 原谅；B. accept 接受；C. share 分享；D. try 尝试，故选 D。 【28 题详解】 - 15 - 考查副词辨析。句意：当然，失败让人感觉很糟糕，但没有尝试让人感觉更糟，因为你无法 为此尊重自己。A. certainly 当然；B. eventually 最后；C. personally 亲自地；D. willingly 愿意地，故选 A。 【29 题详解】 考查固定用法。句意：俗话说，如果你不尊重自己，没有人会尊重你。as the saying goes 俗话说，该短语是固定短语，故选 B。 【30 题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：有一个是我一直特别想要的，我让它滑进了口袋。A. for fun 开 玩笑地；B. in particular 特别；C. with care 小心地；D. at random 随便地，故选 B。 【31 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：有一个是我一直特别想要的，我让它滑进了口袋。A. fetched 取来；B. arranged 安排；C. slipped 滑动；D. fitted 适用，C 项符合语境，故选 C。 【32 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：但过了一会儿，我感觉到，即使在那个年纪，我也不会永远喜欢玩这 个玩具。A. doubted 疑惑；B. promised 许诺；C. questioned 怀疑；D. sensed 感觉，故选 D。 【33 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：我将永远知道我偷了东西，我对自己的看法也会受损害。A. lied 撒谎； B. stolen 偷窃；C. changed 改变；D. cheated 欺骗，故选 B。 【34 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：我将永远知道我偷了东西，我对自己的看法也会受损害。A. suffer 受 损害；B. improve 改善；C. fade 褪色；D. spread 传播，故选 A。 【35 题详解】 考查动词辨析。根据 and gave it back 可知，这里意思是我羞愧地把玩具拉了出来。A. gave 给；B. left 离开；C. pulled 拉；D. handed 递送，故选 C。 【36 题详解】 考查连词辨析。句意：我敢肯定，她知道发生了什么事，但她感谢我，而且再也没有提起这 件事。A. so 所以；B. or 或者；C. for 因为；D. but 但是，故选 D。 【37 题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：我希望能帮助我的女儿避免类似的错误。A. accidents 事故；B. mistakes - 16 - 错误；C. results 结果；D. habits 习惯，故选 B。 【38 题详解】 考查连词辨析。句意：在她开始尊重其他人之前，她首先要获得自尊。A. before 在……以前； B. until 到……为止；C. in case 万一；D. now that 既然，故选 A。 【39 题详解】 考查介词辨析。句意：我相信尊重，因为没有尊重，我们都是敌人。A. upon 在……之上；B. beyond 超过；C. without 没有；D. despite 尽管，故选 C。 【40 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。根据 far from it.可知，这里意思是在这方面我并不完美。A. honest 诚 实的；B. casual 随便的；C. curious 好奇的；D. perfect 完美的，故选 D。 【点睛】完形填空是高考英语中最难的一个题，正确解答完形填空题是考试成功至关重要的 保障。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免 地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找 相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。完 形填空的解题方法很多，而词汇复现法就是最常见的方法之一。词汇复现包括原词复现、同 义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。本题中的 1 小题中的 simple 和 easier； 4 小题中的 basics；6 小题中的 respect 都采用了同义词或原词复现的方法。但由于我们在做 题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的 能力。 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 l.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you always hate certain vegetables, you may be more than a picky eater. Instead, you might be a “super-taster”, a person ___41___ bitter genes (苦味基因). Those people who have the “bitter genes” are 2.6 times more likely to eat ___42___ (few) vegetables than others, according to a new study ___43___ (present) at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association. “We don’t get the taste of food equally,” said professor Duffy, an expert in the study of food taste. “It could explain some of the differences in our food ___44___ (prefer).” About half of us can taste bitter and sweet, so we are not especially sensitive - 17 - to bitter food. Another 25% are called “non-tasters”, to ___45___ bitter food might actually be a bit sweeter. The rest of us are ___46___ (extreme) sensitive to the bitterness that some ___47___(plant) develop to keep animals from eating them. Food scientists are trying to develop ways ___48___ (reduce) the bitterness in veggies, in the hope that we can keep super-tasters from rejecting vegetables. In fact, some vegetables we grow today ___49___ (be) much sweeter than before. We might also try to use various cooking methods, either by adding some fat, sweetness, strong flavors like garlic ___50___roasting them, to improve the taste of the vegetables. 【答案】41. with 42. fewer 43. presented 44. preference 45. whom 46. extremely 47. plants 48. to reduce 49. are 50. or 【解析】 这是一篇说明文，作者主要介绍了科学家关于人类味觉的新研究成果：有的人有“苦味基 因”，有的人则没有，这些人对食物的感觉不尽相同。现代人们通过多种方法使蔬菜食物更 为可口。 【41 题详解】 考查介词用法，句意：你或许是个超级品味师，一个有着“苦味”基因的人。with 在此处表 示“有着、带着”的意思，故填 with。 【42 题详解】 考查形容词的比较级，该空后有提示词 than，故此处应将 few 改为其比较级，故填 fewer。 【43 题详解】 考查非谓语动词，本句 present 处及其后内容作定语，修饰前面的 a new study。present 属于非谓语动词，且表被动含义（研究成果在年会上被展示、介绍），故填 presented。 【44 题详解】 考查名词，our 后面用名词或名词短语，此处表示“我们的食物喜好”，故填 preference。 【45 题详解】 - 18 - 考查定语从句，句意：对于这些人来说，苦味食物可能确实会有点甜（没那么苦）。分析句子 结构可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 non-tasters，因而引导词为 who/whom， 介词 to 之后应接 whom，指代 non-tasters，在从句中作宾语，故填 whom。 【46 题详解】 考查词类转换，副词修饰形容词，构成 extremely sensitive，表示程度，故填 extremely。 【47 题详解】 考查名词单复数形式，plant 在 some 之后应改为复数，故为 plants。 【48 题详解】 考查非谓语动词，本句已有谓语动词 are trying，故 reduce 为非谓语动词，此处表示目的， 故填 to reduce。 【49 题详解】 考查主谓一致和句子结构分析，本句主语部分含定语从句 we grow today，修饰先行词 vegetables，分析句子结构时应将定语从句整体隐去，可看出主语为 some vegetables，谓语 动词 be 用复数/现在时形式，故填 are。 【50 题详解】 考查连词，本句中 either…or…（或者……或者……）为固定搭配，表示 roasting 与 adding 两者二选一的选择关系，故填 or。 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 l 分，满分 10 分） 51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每次错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 The first person I met in my high school was my deskmate, with that I fell in love at first sight. She was warm-hearted and always wore a honest smile on her face. I was homesick in the first few days, unable to adjust the new school. It was with her help which - 19 - I got familiar with the school. However, what impressed me most was her diligence and determine. When faced with a challenge in study, she would try out her best to solve it. Whenever I was in trouble, she would encourage myself and help me out. But for her encouragement, I wouldn’t have progressed so fast and steady. Have so nice a girl as my friend is great luck for me. May our friendship lasts forever. 【答案】1. that → whom 2. a → an 3.adjust 后加 to 4. which→ that 5. determine →determination 6. out 删掉 7. myself → me 8. steady → steadily 9. Have →Having 10. lasts → last 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。主要叙述了作者的同桌给作者提供了学校生活和学习上的帮助。 【详解】1.考查定语从句关系词。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句，修饰先行词 deskmate，且做介词 with 的宾语，指人应关系代词用 whom。故 that 改为 whom。 2.考查冠词。honest 为元音音素开头的单词，故应用不定冠词 an。故 a 改为 an。 3.考查固定短语。固定短语 adjust to“适应于……”，故 adjust 后加 to。 4.考查强调句。句意：正是在她的帮助下，我才熟悉了这所学校。分析句子结构可知本句为 强调句结构“it is (was)+被强调成分+that (who)+其他”，本句中强调的是 with her help， 故用 that。故 which 改为 that。 5.考查名词。句意：然而，给我印象最深的是她的勤奋和决心。根据上文 her diligence and 可知应用名词形式，表示“决心”。故 determine 改为 determination。 6.考查固定短语。短语 try one’s best“尽某人最大努力”，故 out 删掉。 7.考查代词。此处做动词 help 的宾语，指“帮助我”应用第一人称宾格形式 me，故 myself 改 - 20 - 为 me。 8.考查副词。此处修饰动词 progress 应用副词，故 steady 改为 steadily。 9.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知本句缺少主语，需用动名词短语做主语，故 Have 改为 Having。 10.考查动词时态。句意：愿我们的友谊天长地久。may 为情态动词，后跟动词原形，故 lasts 改为 last。 【点睛】强调句结构 为了突出句子中的某一部分，我们通常会使用某种方法或手段使它突出，以便能引起他人的 注意，这就是强调，与此相关的句子就是强调句。强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己 的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。其结构为 it is (was)+被强调成分+that (who)+其他。 1、陈述句的强调句型 It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。 2、一般疑问句的强调句型，把 is/ was 提到 it 前面。 3、特殊疑问句的强调句型，被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分 4、not … until … 句型的强调句 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 注意：此句型只用 until，不用 till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until 可通用;因为句型 中 It is/ was not 已经是否定句了，that 后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。 如第四小题，句意：正是在她的帮助下，我才熟悉了这所学校。分析句子结构可知本句为强 调句结构“it is (was)+被强调成分+that (who)+其他”，本句中强调的是 with her help， 故用 that。故 which 改为 that。 第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分） 52.假定你是李华，你的新西兰笔友 Lessie 即将来中国做交换生，来信请你给他推荐几个中 文名字。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 表示欢迎并乐于推荐； 2. 介绍中文名字的特点； - 21 - 3. 告知他查看邮箱附件中所建议的名字。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 邮箱附件 E-mail attachment ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Lessie, Hearing that you will come to China as an exchange student, I want to express a warm welcome to you. I’m very glad that you wish to have a Chinese name. There is no doubt that it will help you better fit in with the Chinese culture. A Chinese name usually consists of two or three characters, which often contain some special meanings, expectations or blessings. However, unlike an English name, the family name of Chinese is usually put first and then a given name follows. In addition, I have come up with several Chinese names, which are added to the E-mail attachment. I hope you will like one of them and have a good time in China. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇应用文。要求写一封信。 【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信 息。第一，1. 表示欢迎并乐于推荐；2. 介绍中文名字的特点；3. 告知他查看邮箱附件中所 建议的名字。第二，人称为第一人称和第三人称。第三，时态以一般现在时为主。 第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一 - 22 - 段，表示欢迎并乐于推荐。第二段，介绍中文名字的特点；告知他查看邮箱附件中所建议的 名字。第三段，表达希望。 第三步：确定关键词汇和短语: an exchange student，express a warm welcome to，fit in with ， Chinese culture，consist of，some special meanings, expectations or blessing， the family name， come up with，the E-mail attachment. 第四步：确定较为高级的句子:现在分词作状语和 that 引导的宾语从句 Hearing that you will come to China as an exchange student, I want to express a warm welcome to you. that 引导的同位语从句 There is no doubt that it will help you better fit in with the Chinese culture. which 引导的非限制性定语从句 A Chinese name usually consists of two or three characters, which often contain some special meanings, expectations or blessings. 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接: However，In addition. 第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。 【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句 式:现在分词作状语和 that 引导的宾语从句 Hearing that you will come to China as an exchange student, I want to express a warm welcome to you. that 引导的同位语从句 There is no doubt that it will help you better fit in with the Chinese culture. which 引导的非限制性定语从句 A Chinese name usually consists of two or three characters, which often contain some special meanings, expectations or blessings. 高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。 - 23 -