【英语】2018届人教版必修1一轮复习：Unit2Englisharoundtheworld单元学案设计（23页） 23页

‎2018届人教版必修1一轮复习：Unit2English around the world单元学案设计 一单元话题阅读American and British English American and British English are dialects (方言) of English which have a recognized standard form and are equally acceptable in Academic English as long as the style and register (语域) used are appropriately formal. There are no significant differences in the academic form of other varieties of English. These tend to resemble either the American or British form. For example, Australian English generally uses the same spelling as British English. ‎ Differences between British and American English.‎ Throughout this page, blue is used to denote British English and red to denote American English. ‎ The most noticeable difference in the academic context is in spelling. There are also grammatical differences and vocabulary differences, although relatively few in formal language.‎ Spelling ‎ In general, both American and British spelling are acceptable, but it is important to be consistent, at least with the use of the same word - theatre or theater, but not both -and in your choice of ize or ise endings as in criticize or criticize, plagiarize or plagiarize. The Cambridge International Dictionary of English gives British, American and Australian English spelling. American spelling tends to reflect pronunciation and British spelling tends to reflect grammatical or historical implications(含义) as well.‎ However, there may be advantages in using British spelling in certain situations. For instance, two forms: programme and program exist in British English. The former can be a noun referring to television programmes or programmes of events (plans, conferences, a theatre programme etc.). The latter can be a noun referring to computer programs. Both forms can be verbs, but there is no spelling distinction between them except in the infinitive form (as in She learned how to program the computer to calculate the value of the pound against the Euro at twelve hourly intervals) and the ‎ present tense. If you wish to make reference to both meanings in your writing, then British English makes a useful reference (meaning) distinction between the two, while American English has only one form program to refer to both. ‎ British English distinguishes between practice (noun) I haven't done my cello practice yet and practise (verb) He practises the cello for ten minutes every morning. However, American English tends to use practice as both a noun and a verb. Students taking Cambridge examinations are advised to adopt the British system as this reflects the underlying(根本的) grammatical (part of speech) distinction. ‎ Grammatical differences ‎ There are few grammatical differences between American and British English that are of concern in Academic Writing. The past participles got and gotten are one of the most obvious differences, but they are rarely used in formal writing. The Euro has got/gotten rid of the currency exchange transactions (交易) which used to be necessary before the single currency was instated (设置) is more likely to be formally expressed as The Euro has abolished the need for currency exchange transactions. ‎ American English accepts the use of the simple past tense with just, already and yet (Did you see him yet? /He just went out? /Did you go there already?) while British English requires the use of the present perfect (Have you seen him yet?/He has just gone out/Have you been there already?) In Academic English, the British form is preferable as the American form tends to be perceived as informal (rather than inaccurate). ‎ Particle differences - Clinton met with the representatives of the Daughters of the Revolution / Clinton met the representatives-are not significant, though British markers may 'correct' the with as it seems informal. ‎ American English can make what British English considers to be uncountable nouns plural, for example technologies. When this occurs with formal, technical vocabulary in a specific context - the new technologies - British English, over time, tends to adopt the same form. ‎ Vocabulary differences ‎ There are many vocabulary differences-flat, pavement, tap, trousers or apartment, ‎ sidewalk, faucet, pants, for example. Most cause few problems except where the same word has a different meaning. Pants in British English refers to underwear, for example. It may be wise to check with British friends in case meaning is different in English or in case a particular form does not exist in British English. ‎ In general, the main object in Academic English is to communicate (remember Clarity and Reality particularly here) your message to your reader - probably your tutor or examiner - so bear their understanding and preferences in mind when you make decisions about the most appropriate form to use. ‎ Doreen du Boulay, Sussex Language Institute 1998-2001.‎ Web version by Matthew Platts. ‎ 二 单元基础知识回顾 重点词汇 come up ‎【寓词于境】 阅读下列句子，并试着总结come up在句中的含义及用法。‎ ‎1. The final exam is coming up soon. It’s time for us to start our studies.‎ ‎2. Come up to the front of the room, please.‎ ‎3. The seeds come up in spring.‎ ‎4. A few new questions came up at the meeting.‎ ‎【自我归纳】 come up意为：______（句1）；______（句2）；______（句3）；______（句4），用主动语态。‎ ‎【拓展】 come up with意为“提出，想出”。如：‎ He came up with a new suggestion.‎ ‎【联想】 含come的其他短语：‎ come about发生，造成 ______跟着来，到来 ‎ ‎______ 谈到，涉及 ______ 出版 ‎______ 快点吧；得了吧（表示知道某人所说的话不正确）‎ ‎【即学即练】 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ ‎1. —Now, where is my purse?‎ ‎—______! We’ll be late for the picnic. ‎ A. Take your time B. Don’t worry ‎ C. Come on D. Take it easy ‎2. It’s already 10 o’clock. I wonder how it ______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. ‎ A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up ‎3. Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isn’t much help when it ______ shopping and eating. ‎ A. refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to ‎ ‎4. The seeds I sowed last week haven’t ______ yet.‎ A. come up B. come about C. come out D. come on play a part (in)‎ ‎[语境展示] 阅读下列句子，注意play a part (in) 的意思。‎ ‎1. Nowadays English plays an important part in our daily communication.‎ ‎2. He played the part of the prince in our school play.‎ ‎[自我归纳]‎ play a part (in)的意思是______（句1）; ______（句2）。‎ ‎[联想] 类似的短语是play a role (in)。‎ ‎[即学即练] 翻译下列句子。‎ ‎1. 勇气对说好英语起着很重要的作用。‎ ‎2. 他在剧中扮演主角。‎ Request ‎[寓词于境] 阅读下列句子，注意request的词性及用法。‎ ‎1. He went to Jinan at the request of his manager.‎ ‎2. May I request you to stop talking?‎ ‎3. She requested that we should go home right now.‎ ‎[自我归纳]‎ a. request作______词（句1），常见短语是at the request of / at sb.’‎ s request，意思是______；‎ b. request作______词（句2、句3），常构成短语request sb. to do sth.，意思是______；‎ c. request后可接从句，从句中的谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should常可省略。‎ ‎[即学即练] 根据括号内的提示完成句子。‎ ‎1. I requested that nobody ______ (上课迟到) tomorrow.‎ ‎2. The president attended the meeting ______ (应我们的要求).‎ Base ‎【寓词于境】 阅读下列句子，并试着总结base在句中的词性、含义及用法。‎ ‎1. I based hopes on the news we had yesterday.‎ ‎2. This novel is based on historical facts.‎ ‎3. The base of the house is strong.‎ ‎4. Karl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.‎ ‎5. The air base was attacked by the enemy.‎ ‎【自我归纳】 base作______词，意思是______（句1和句2），常用短语是：base sth. on / upon sth.，常用其被动形式be based on / upon。base作______词，意思分别是______（句3）；______（句4和句5）。‎ ‎【即学即练】 用base的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. This book ______ on a true story.‎ ‎2. Mary always ______ her ideas on scientific experiments.‎ ‎3. There is a door at the ______ of the tower.‎ Straight ‎[寓词于境] 阅读下列句子，注意straight的词性及用法。‎ ‎1. Her sister is a girl with straight black hair.‎ ‎2. Go straight ahead along the road and you will find the cinema.‎ ‎3. Without wind the smoke rose straight up.‎ ‎[自我归纳]‎ straight作______词（句1），意思是______; 作______词（句2和句3），意思是“不拐弯地，笔直地，直地”。‎ ‎[注意] straight既是形容词，也是副词，副词与形容词同形。‎ ‎[拓展] straighten v. 使……变直。如：‎ I straightened my tie and walked in.‎ ‎[即学即练] 翻译下列句子。‎ ‎1. 放学后直接回家来。‎ ‎2. 他累得走都走不直了。‎ ‎3. 他们坐在一条直线上。‎ Recognize ‎[寓词于境] 阅读下列句子，注意recognize的用法。‎ ‎1. I can hardly recognize my classmate after five years.‎ ‎2. The United Nations recognized the new government.‎ ‎3. We recognized him to be a great man.‎ ‎4. White Pollution is recognized as one of the serious problems.‎ ‎[自我归纳]‎ recognize 的意思是______（句1），______（句2）;常见短语recognize sb. as / to be 的意思是______（句3、句4）。‎ ‎[联想] 类似的短语是consider ... as / to be。‎ ‎[即学即练] 根据括号内的提示完成句子。‎ ‎1. —Oh, it’s you! I ______ (没有认出) you.‎ ‎—I’ve just had my hair cut, and I am wearing new glasses.‎ ‎2. Tom ______ (被认为是) the tallest boy in our class.‎ Because of ‎【寓词于境】 阅读下列句子，并试着总结because of在句中的含义及用法。‎ ‎1. Because of the heavy rain, we had to stay at home.‎ ‎2. I bought this dress because of its beautiful color.‎ ‎3. They didn’t climb the mountain because of the rain．‎ ‎【自我归纳】 because of意为“因为……”，后跟______或代词。‎ ‎【联想】 because也意为“因为……”，是连词，后接从句。如：‎ He was worried because he hadn’t had any letter from his son.‎ ‎【即学即练】 根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。‎ 因为污染严重，许多美丽的鱼正在迅速消失。‎ Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing ______ ______ the severe pollution. ‎ Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing ______ the pollution is severe.‎ 参考答案：‎ come up ‎【自我归纳】 到来；走近；长出来；被提出 ‎ ‎【联想】 come along; come to; come out; come on ‎ ‎【即学即练】 1-4 CCDA play a part (in)‎ ‎[自我归纳] 起作用；扮演……角色 ‎[即学即练]‎ ‎1. Courage plays an important part / role in speaking English well.‎ ‎2. He played the leading role in the play.‎ request ‎[自我归纳] ‎ a. 名；应……的要求 ‎ b. 动；请求某人做某事 ‎[即学即练] ‎ ‎1. (should) be late for class ‎ ‎2. at our request / at the request of us base ‎【自我归纳】 动；以……为根据；名；根基，基础；基地 ‎【即学即练】 1. is based 2. bases 3. base straight ‎[自我归纳] 形容；直的；副 ‎[即学即练] ‎ ‎1. Come straight home after school.‎ ‎2. He was too tired to walk straight.‎ ‎3. They sat down in a straight line.‎ recognize ‎ ‎[自我归纳] 认出；承认；认为……是……‎ ‎[即学即练] ‎ ‎1. didn’t recognize ‎ ‎2. is recognized as / to be Because of ‎【自我归纳】 名词 ‎【即学即练】 because of; because ‎ ‎ 重点句式回顾 请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。‎ ‎1. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. (P9)      ‎ ‎【分析】‎ ‎①本句是一个由and连接的并列句。‎ ‎②前一个分句的主干是people made voyages。Later in the next century为时间状语，from England 修饰people作定语，to conquer other parts of the world作________状语。‎ ‎③后一个分句的主干是English began to be spoken。because of that作原因状语，其中that指代前一分句的内容，in many other countries作地点状语。‎ ‎【句意】 后来，在下一世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。‎ ‎【仿写】后来，汤姆开始按时完成作业。于是他得到了老师的表扬。    ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎2. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. (P10) ‎ ‎【分析】‎ ‎①本句是一个主从复合句。‎ ‎②主句是English became less like German，because引导原因状语从句。‎ ‎③在because引导的从句中又包含一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 ________。‎ ‎【句意】 然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了，因为那时英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。‎ ‎【仿写】 渐渐地，他自信多了，因为教他弹钢琴的那个女老师经常鼓励他。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ 答案 ‎1. 【分析】 目的 ‎【仿写】 Later, Tom began to finish his homework on time and because of that, he was praised by the teacher.‎ ‎2. 【分析】 those ‎【仿写】 Gradually he became more confident, because the woman teacher who taught him piano often encouraged him.‎ 单元语法回顾：直接引语与间接引语面面观（二）‎ ‎ 上一单元我们讲了当直接引语是陈述句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句及一般疑问句时与间接引语转换的方法，这一单元我们来看看当直接引语是祈使句及感叹句时转换成间接引语的规律。‎ ‎【例句展示】 仔细观察下列三组句子，注意祈使句的变化。‎ ‎1. “Pay attention to English grammar in your article,” the teacher said.‎ ‎→ The teacher told the students to pay attention to English grammar in their article. ‎ ‎2. “Don’t make any noise while I am at work,” Mom said to us.‎ ‎→ Mom told us not to make any noise while she was at work.‎ ‎3. “Don’t open the letter,” he said. ‎ ‎→ He said that I wasn’t to open the letter.‎ ‎【自我归纳】 观察以上三组例句，我们可以发现祈使句变为间接引语时，除了有人称的变化外，句式上也发生了变化。‎ ‎ ★多使用一个不定式，有时也可使用一个______。‎ ‎ ★前面的谓语动词根据语气来决定。常见的引用动词为tell / order / desire / beg / ask / request/ demand等，后常接sb. (not) to do sth.。‎ ‎【特别提示】‎ ‎1. 当直接引语是祈使句时，转换为间接引语时，除了上文提到的含有祈使意义的动词tell, ask等之外，还经常用到command, warn, advise, suggest, insist等动词。‎ ‎2. 有些表示建议的祈使句，变成间接引语时一般用suggest doing / suggest that sb. (should) do ... 或advise sb. to do / advise that sb. (should) do ...。如：‎ ‎“Let’s go camping this weekend,” Tom said to us.‎ ‎→Tom suggested (us) ① ______ that weekend.‎ ‎→Tom suggested that ② ______ that weekend.‎ ‎【例句展示】 仔细观察下列三组句子，注意感叹句的变化。‎ ‎1. He said, “Oh, what a pity it is!”‎ ‎→ He cried out what a pity it was.‎ ‎2. He says to us, “What bad weather it is!”‎ ‎→ He tells us what bad weather it is.‎ ‎3. Mary said, “How excited I am!” ‎ ‎→ Mary said that she was very excited.‎ ‎【归纳总结】 感叹句从直接引语变为间接引语时，要注意：‎ ‎ ★适当改动引用动词，可以使用what和how作连词，语序不变；也可使用that引导，将句子变成相应的宾语从句。‎ ‎ ★如果直接引语中的谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时或将来时，变成间接引语时，时态无需变化。（这一点同样适用于陈述句和疑问句。）‎ ‎ 直接引语与间接引语之间的转换规律繁多，但同学们要记住：语言是活生生的，在平时的学习中要灵活掌握并使用这些规则。‎ ‎【即学即练】 将下列直接引语变为间接引语。‎ ‎1. “Speak English more often than just in class,” our English teacher said to us.‎ ‎→_______________________________________.‎ ‎→_______________________________________.‎ ‎2. “Don’t play with fire, little boys,” the policeman said.‎ ‎→_______________________________________.‎ ‎3. Kate said, “Let’s discuss the problem tomorrow.”‎ ‎→_______________________________________.‎ ‎→_______________________________________.‎ ‎4. “Do be quiet, please!” Miss Helen said to the noisy boys.‎ ‎→_______________________________________.‎ ‎5. My sister said, “You’d better tidy your room by yourself.”‎ ‎→_______________________________________.‎ ‎6. Li Ming said to me, “Will you keep the secret for me?”‎ ‎→_______________________________________.‎ ‎7. My teacher always said, “What an interesting and challenging job teaching is!”‎ ‎→_______________________________________.‎ ‎8. “Happy weekend to you!” my teacher said to us last Friday.‎ ‎→_______________________________________.‎ Key:‎ ‎【自我归纳】 从句 ‎【特别提示】 ‎ ‎① going camping ② we (should) go camp ‎ ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. Our English teacher suggested that we (should) speak English more often than just in class.或Our English teacher suggested speaking English more often than just in class.‎ ‎2. The policeman told the little boys not to play with fire.‎ ‎3. Kate suggested discussing the problem the next day. 或Kate suggested that we (should) discuss the problem the next day.‎ ‎4. Miss Helen demanded the noisy boys to be quiet.‎ ‎5. My sister advised me to tidy my room by myself.‎ ‎6. Li Ming asked me to keep the secret for him.‎ ‎7. My teacher always said what an interesting and challenging job teaching was.‎ ‎8. My teacher wished us a happy weekend last Friday.‎ ‎【单元写作指导】如何让写英文海报 海报是人们在日常生活中经常使用的一种招贴形式的应用文。它包括活动宣传、招聘广告和人物介绍等。海报的结构分标题、正文和落款三个部分。‎ 标题：居于海报正上方，用简洁、引人注目的语言概括主题。‎ 正文：海报正文没有硬性规定的格式，可以根据海报的内容灵活安排。‎ ‎①一般来说，海报的最前面要采用一些鼓动性较强的语句来吸引读者的注意力，通常采用排比、反问、设问等修辞手法。‎ ‎②列出海报的具体内容。‎ ‎★写活动宣传的海报时，可以先介绍要宣传的活动，再写活动的时间、地点、目的、活动安排以及主办单位等。‎ ‎★写招聘广告的海报时，先介绍要招聘的职位，然后写对求职者的要求等。‎ ‎★写人物介绍的海报时，可以先把要介绍的人物的名字放在显要位置，然后依次介绍该人物的生平、特殊技能及成就等。‎ 落款：发布者的名称及发布日期（也可省略）。‎ ‎【常用表达】‎ 活动宣传 Do you want to...? Do you have difficulty in...? Why not...? If you ..., you will ...‎ For more details, please contact ...‎ 招聘广告 ‎    Would you like to be a(n) ...? If your answer is “Yes”, we have a job for you as a(n) ...‎ Requirements:‎ You should be between ... and ...; be good at ...; have ... years of work experience; be able to speak ... and use ...; be kind / easygoing / friendly /‎ ‎ patient / strict / careful ...‎ Please call ... if you want to ...‎ 人物介绍 Date of birth: ...       Place of birth: ... ‎ Talent(s): ...             Career: ...‎ ‎【写作任务】‎ 最近，你校学生会准备开设英语角（English Corner）。请你代表学生会设计一则英文海报，发布在你校英语网站上，邀请同学们加入。‎ 要点包括：‎ ‎1. 标题；            2. 英语角的活动内容。‎ 注意： 词数不少于50。‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Join Our English Corner ‎       Do you want to improve your English? Do you want to live a colorful life after school? Come and join us!‎ ‎       Here, you can ‎● talk to English native speakers. ‎ ‎● listen to English songs. ‎ ‎● read English magazines and books.‎ ‎● watch English movies.‎ ‎● make new friends. ‎ ‎● share your ideas with others.‎ ‎                                             Students’ Union 单元综合知识运用 第二部分阅读理解 （共两节，满分60分）‎ 第一节 （共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分）‎ 阅读A、B、C和D四篇短文，在每题所给的四个选项中选出符合题意的最佳项。‎ A A good education has always been highly valued in China, as the people believe that education ensures not only the future and development of the individual but also the family and the country as a whole. ‎ Passed down from ancient times, the maxim from the Three-Character Scripture that says 'if no proper education is given to children, their nature will go bad' has proved to be true. The great master Confucius taught us that 'it is a pleasure to learn something and to try it out at intervals'. Similarly, numerous students have been convinced that 'reading books excels all other careers'. The records tell us that Mencius' mother became an example to millions of mothers who were keen for their children to be talented. - she moved her home three times in order to choose a fine neighborhood in which Mencius could be effectively influenced.‎ ‎21. The best title for this passage is __________.‎ ‎ A. Statue of Confucius B. Education in china ‎ C. Different education D. The value in education ‎22. Why Chinese view education more much important than other things?‎ ‎ A. Because it is a traditional thoughts and actions.‎ ‎ B. As it’s a rule in China.‎ ‎ C. To development of the individual.‎ ‎ D. It’s a trend in family education.‎ ‎23. The underline word “excels” might means ____________.‎ ‎ A. form B. drag C. outmatch D. favorable B Does stress cause gray hair? Many people believe that tension and stress can cause your hair to lose its color．In fact，it is an old wives tale that being upset all the time can result in premature graying．Here is a closer look at this situation and why some believe that this old wives tale could be true．‎ As one ages，the hairs on the head also age．In fact，just about everything on the human body begins to show signs of wear and tear after a while．The joints wear become stiff and skin wears and becomes wrinkled．Hairs on the head grow and eventually die．They are replaced，but in the process something else happens．‎ When new hairs are replaced，the color or pigment(色素)is also added to them．However，as one ages，this pigment becomes less and less available．At first，hairs will have a limited amount of pigment and they will appear to be grayish in color．In time，they will lose all of their pigment and will be white．Many things are known to cause graying and genetics is a very powerful factor. If one of your parents turns gray at an early age，there is a good chance that you will too．Some people begin the graying process in high school，while others may be over the age of forty．‎ Constant worry and tension can have many harmful effects on the human body．It is a known fact that stressful times can cause one to suffer hair loss．It would ‎ make sense that if it can cause these problems, perhaps it also may contribute to graying．However，there is no sound evidence to support this．‎ On the other hand，many medical professionals believe that there may be a link: between graying and a constant state of anxiety or tension．Does stress cause gray hair? There is no scientific evidence to support the theory，but it is best to avoid stressful situations．‎ ‎24. The underlined phrase in the first paragraph most probably means______________.‎ A. silly remarks B. clever remarks C. exciting remarks D. disappointed remarks ‎25. The second paragraph mainly tells us____________.‎ A. every part of body is replaced with age B. hairs will grow weak but not die C. every part of body ages with age D. skin becomes wrinkled with age ‎26. From the passage we can infer that____________.‎ A. sound evidence has been found．‎ B. gray hair has nothing to do with tension．‎ C. stressful situations can be of benefit．‎ D. stress causing gray hair is still in question.‎ ‎27. What might play the most important role in the graying process?‎ A. Genetics and the amount of sleeping time.‎ B. The amount of pigment and genetics.‎ C. The amount of food people eat and living environment.‎ D. Genetics and the amount of water people drink.‎ C How many of us blame "destiny" when we're going through tough periods of life? We always hear people say, it's bad luck. But is this “luck" thing really so serious and irreversible? Though few events of our life like birth or death are controlled by destiny, when it comes to hard times, opportunities, or challenges we can make them different by our deeds.‎ ‎ Even when passing through the roughest period of our life, we can turn it in our favor by hard work. No good deed goes without being paid off and it does have the power of changing the fortunes. For example, if one has worked for 20 hours in a week, the employer will pay for 20 hours. Similarly if we are walking on the path of positivity, performing our deeds, we'll be paid off. Even when nothing seems working, it's better to keep trying to make something good happen rather than sitting or complaining.‎ ‎ When trapped from all sides in a dark cave, one is not supposed to break the rock straight away. Instead, he should pull out a small hole among rocks to let the sunshine and air come in to avoid suffocation (室息). Then efforts are aimed at breaking free.‎ ‎ Human life is precious and powerful. This power is "will power". However this "will power" has to be connected with hard work, commitment and positivism. And if ‎ you are doing so, no matter how tough the problem is or how tough the time is, it will have to change as the result of your deeds and you will rewrite your destiny.‎ The secret lies in being energetic and not giving up. The secret lies in always making efforts to fill the gap between "what is happening" and "what you want to make happen". The secret lies not in being the victim or passers-by of circumstances but in being the winner of circumstances. ‎ ‎28. What does the underlined word "irreversible" mean?‎ ‎ A. That can be controlled by others.‎ ‎ B. That cannot be changed.‎ ‎ C. That can produce serious results.‎ ‎ D. That can last for a long time.‎ ‎ 29. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ________ .‎ ‎ A. god helps those who help themselves ‎ B. most employers can treat employees, fairly ‎ C. try your best and you will be paid off at last ‎ D. the longer you work, the more you will be paid ‎ 30. The author sets the example of "dark cave" to prove the opinion that__________.‎ ‎ A. method is important in life ‎ B. one will suffer from suffocation without air ‎ . C. never should we lose confidence in life ‎ D. we can change luck with efforts ‎ 31. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ ‎ A. Rewrite your destiny. B. How to change one's bad luck.‎ ‎ C. Why should we be energetic to life? D. Human life is precious and powerful.‎ D Comparatively few fresh-water species of fishes are limited in their distribution to a single river system, yet not many are found on both sides of a high mountain ridge, such as the Rocky Mountains in North America. That is to say, the fish of the Mississippi Valley are generally different and distinct from those of the Pacific slope.‎ ‎ While it is a well-known fact that the fish life in no two river systems, even though they empty into the sea on the same side of a divide, such streams do have many species in common.]The principal rivers of the Atlantic slope of the United States, for example, contain several species common to all of them, including the bullhead catfish(鲶鱼), the bluegill sunfish and the largemouth bass(鲈鱼). None of these species can endure salt water, so that they cannot now migrate from one river system to another. On the other hand, the more northern streams contain species not found in the southern ones, and vice versa. The common lake, for example, is found in the Atlantic streams from Maryland northward, and the brook trout(蹲鱼)and yellow perch(鲈) emerge only in the streams from North Carolina southward.‎ ‎ How the present distribution came about must remain a matter of conjecture. It is quite probable that some of the streams, including those on opposite sides of a divide,‎ ‎ may have been connected at one time. Again, streams may be entirely separate during normal weather, but an exceptionally heavy rainfall or the sudden melting of snow in the uplands sometimes causes floods which may form a temporary connection between them, providing a passage way for fishes.]It is possible, also that water birds may accidentally carry fish or spawn from one stream to another, or that man may be instrumental in such a transfer.‎ ‎ Evidently, then, fresh-water fishes may become distributed far beyond the confines of the stream of their origin. The chief factor in limiting the still wider distribution of species is temperature. This forms such an efficient barrier that comparatively few species of fresh-water fishes of the United States extend their range into Mexico. In Panama only one fish common to the fresh waters of the States has been found, and that is the eel(鳗), which is not strictly a fresh-water form, as it enters salt water to spawn and is taken in fairly salty water at other times.‎ ‎32. According to the passage, __________.‎ ‎ A. The Mississippi River and the Pacific slope are on the same of the Rocky Mountains.‎ ‎ B. The Mississippi River and the Pacific slope are on the two sides of the Rocky Mountains.‎ ‎ C. The Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains are on the two sides of the Pacific slope.‎ ‎ D. The Pacific slope and the Rocky Mountains are on the two sides of the Mississippi.‎ ‎33. In different river systems on one side of a divide, we may find__________.‎ ‎ A. fishes of the same species.‎ ‎ B. fishes of the different origin.‎ ‎ C. a few rare fish species.‎ ‎ D. fishes that have the same life.‎ ‎34. Species, which can’t tolerate saltiness, may spread in to another river by the following mechanisms except__________.‎ ‎ A. being carried by birds B. flooded connections ‎ C. humanity D. spawning in the river mouth ‎35. Efforts to deliberately transplant the bluegill sunfish and the large-mouth bass into Panama would probably fail due to ______. ‎ ‎ A. eels B. salinity C. rainfall D. temperature ‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15 分） ‎ ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Are you concerned about the effect of the haze(雾霾) in Singapore on the health of your children? Then you should read the following passage.‎ ‎“Young children, especially those with lung or heart illness, should avoid outdoor activity at PSI(Pollution Standards Index--- used in Singapore) levels above 100,” says Dr Biju Thomas.‎ The immune system(免疫系统) of children is not mature. ___36___ Exposure to the ‎ haze can result in symptoms such as a blocked nose, dry throat, breathing difficulty, and so on.‎ Children who are exposed to the haze and experience any of these symptoms which are not serious should recover on their own in time if they limit their exposure to the haze. ___37___‎ To keep children safe during the haze in Singapore, parents should keep doors and windows closed at home. Ensure children drink plenty of pure water every day.‎ ‎___38___ The answer is that there aren’t any N95 masks designed for use by children. That’s because these masks are made to create a seal(密封) around the mouth and nose of the adult user so particles(颗粒) can not get in. __39__‎ Surgical masks may not offer enough protection from the harmful particles in the haze, which is very small (2.5 microns or less). There is usually some gap between the surgical mask and the face, through which the haze particles may easily get in. ___40___ However, if it is necessary to take children outdoors during a haze, parents may wish to offer children’s surgical mask to their children, if it brings them comfort, such as filtering out the smell from the haze.‎ A. So during a haze, children are especially at risk.‎ B. Allow children for regular travels from one building to another.‎ C. However, if the symptoms continue, they should ask a doctor for help.‎ D. The available N95 masks may not fit tightly on the face of a child.‎ E. So you can use a conditioner instead of opening the windows regularly.‎ F. So it is best to keep children indoors to protect them from the haze when the PSI is high 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分55分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规)basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 41 at work in people of all 42 . For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys. But their 44 soon wears off and by January those 45 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 46 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s 47 interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 48 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 49 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 50 but are soon looking forward to 51 . The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 52 , who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 53 drove for hours at a time when they first 54 their driver’s license (执照)? Before people retire, they usually 55 to do a lot of 56 things, which they never had 57 to do while working. But 58 after retirement , the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 59 . And , like the child in January, they go searching for new 60 .‎ ‎41. A. principle B. habit C. weaker D. power ‎42. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages ‎ ‎43. A. working B. living C. playing D. going ‎44. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow ‎45. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive ‎46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly- collected D. half-filled ‎47. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main ‎48. A. silently B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly ‎49. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game ‎50. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement ‎51. A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success ‎52. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees ‎53. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely ‎54. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D.discovered ‎55. A. need B. learn C. start D. plan ‎56. A. great B. strong C. difficult D. correct ‎57. A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge ‎58. A. only B. well C. even D. soon.‎ ‎59. A. lost B. chose C. left D. quit ‎60. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleagues 第II卷 注意事项：‎ 用0.5 毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。‎ 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分55分）‎ 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ ‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The Descendants of the Sun（太阳的后裔） that really ____61___（earn） the praise（reputation）of K-drama fans. It made its debut（首映） on February 24, 2016 with an average of 13 percent in the Seoul National Capital Area. The next night, ratings ___62___（go）up an average of two percent.____63___（apparent）, those two episodes set up Descendants of the Sun as it dominated the competition with its third episode. ____64___nationwide and Seoul National Capital Area for both TNmS Ratings and AGB Nielson, the K-drama earned over 20 percent viewership ratings(收视率). For those ____65____do not know what Descendants of the Sun is about, it is a drama about the love of people who get ____66___as they learn to be considerate of each other in desperate times. It is also about the sacrifices made by people who throw themselves ____67___natural disasters. Captain Yoo Shi Jin（柳大尉） (Song Joong Ki宋仲基) is the team leader of the Special Warfare Command of the United Nations Peacekeeping Troops. By request of the UN, he is ___68___(station) in the war-torn country of Uruk(乌鲁克). ___69___he meets Kang Mo Yeon(姜暮烟) (Song Hye Kyo宋慧乔), a volunteer doctor with Doctors Without Borders. ____70___they work alongside each other, they clash and fall in love.‎ 第四部分 写作（共两节；满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 ‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( )，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ ‎ Nearly five years before ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden, since then---for all these year---we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please . As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors .Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at on cost! ‎ 笫二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ 请你围绕“诚信”进行写作，写一篇100字左右的文章。文章内容应包括：‎ ‎1、生活中确实存在不讲诚信的现象…‎ ‎2、举一例说明(如，有毒奶粉、冒名顶替上大学、考试作弊等)…‎ ‎3、讲求诚信的意义…‎ 英 语 答 案 第二部分 ‎21-23ACC 24-27ACDB 28-31BCDA 32-35BADD 36-40ACGFD 第三部分 第一节41-45 ADCBA 46-50 DBCBD 51-55 ACBBD 56-60 AADCB 第二节61.earns 62. went 63.Apparently 64.with 65.who ‎ ‎66. Closer 67. into 68. Stationed 69. There 70.when/as 第四部分：‎ 第一节 Nearly five years before ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes ‎ ago of ‎（圣女果）in our back garden, since then---for all these year---we had been allowing tomatoes to self ‎ ‎ years have seed where they please . As∧result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but ‎ ‎ a everywhere juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors .Although we allow ‎ ‎ tasty many tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect ‎ ‎ 或yet attack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at on cost!‎ ‎ Wonderful 第二节：作文 One Possible Version Almost all of us heard the story “Here Comes the Wolf” when we were little kids. What we can learn from the story is that we must be honest. However, there’re lots of phenomena of dishonesty nowadays.‎ ‎ Being dishonest does great harm not only to other people but also to you. Take the case of fake milk powder for example. After drinking this kind of milk, the babies had big heads while their legs and arms were still thin, which badly affected their health. To our great relief, the producers got accused and punished for all the serious consequences in the end.‎ ‎ Having the reputation of being honest and reliable will make other people trust you, which will provide you many benefits and give you ‎ opportunities that others may not get. Being honest, you will find it easier to cooperate with others and people will be friendly to you and support you. In a sense, if life is a long journey, honesty will be the backpack that should be taken along all the way.‎ ‎ Let’s pick up our “backpack”—honesty, and start the wonderful journey!‎