2020届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit5Music单元学案(37页） 36页

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit5Music单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．classical adj.　　　　　　　 古典的；古典文艺的 ‎2．roll vt.&vi. 滚动；(使)摇摆 n. 摇晃；卷；卷形物；面包圈 ‎3．fame n. 名声；名望 ‎4．instrument n. 工具；器械；乐器 ‎5．pub n. 酒馆；酒吧 ‎6．studio n. 工作室；演播室 ‎7．millionaire n. 百万富翁；富豪 ‎8．reunite vt. 再统一；再联合；重聚 ‎9．folk adj. 民间的 ‎10．jazz n. 爵士音乐 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．musician n．[纵联1] 音乐家 ‎2．pretend vt. 假装；假扮 ‎3．attach vt.&vi. 系上；缚上；附加；连接 ‎4．form vt. (使)组成；形成；构成 ‎5．passerby n．[纵联2] 过路人；行人 ‎6．earn vt. 赚；挣得；获得 ‎7．extra adj. 额外的；外加的 ‎8．actor n. 男演员；行动者 ‎9．rely vi. 依赖；依靠 ‎10．broadcast n．& vi.&vt. 广播；播放 ‎11．familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的 ‎12．addition n. 加；增加；加法 ‎13．afterwards adv. 然后；后来 ‎14．sensitive adj. 敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的 ‎15．cash n．[纵联3] 现金 ‎16．dip vt. 浸；蘸 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．invitation n．邀请；招待→invite vt.邀请 ‎2．perform vt.&vi.表演；履行；执行→performance n．表演；演奏→performer n．表演者；执行者[纵联4]‎ ‎3．humorous adj.幽默的；诙谐的→humor n．幽默 ‎4．attractive adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的→attract vt.吸引；引起→attraction n．吸引；吸引力；吸引人的事物 ‎5．confident adj.自信的；确信的→confidence n．自信；信任；信心 ‎6．brief adj.简短的；简要的n.摘要；大纲→briefly adv.简要地；短暂地 ‎7．devotion n．投入；热爱；奉献→devote vt.致力于；奉献→devoted adj.献身的；忠诚的 ‎8．painful adj.痛苦的；疼痛的→pain n．疼痛 纵联1.“后缀ian家人”大聚会 ‎①musician音乐家 ②physician内科医生 ‎③electrician电工 ④comedian喜剧演员 ‎⑤magician魔术师 ⑥technician技术员 ‎⑦politician政治家 纵联2.“结伴”而行 ‎①passerby过路人；行人 ②steamboat汽船 ‎③armchair扶手椅 ④sandstorm沙尘暴 ‎⑤teamwork协作 ⑥airport飞机场 纵联3.多种“付款”方式任你选 ‎①cash现金 ②check/cheque支票 ‎③bill钞票 ④change零钱 ‎⑤balance余额 ⑥budget预算 纵联4.“音乐”演唱会 ‎①perform vt.& vi. 演出；表演 ‎②performance n. 演出；表演 ‎③classical adj. 古典的 ‎④compose vt.&vi. 作曲；创作 ‎⑤composer n. 创作者 ‎⑥conduct vt. 指挥 ‎⑦album n. 专辑 单元话题——音乐 子话题1　乐器与音乐类型 ‎①drum n．鼓 ②guitar n．吉他；六弦琴 ‎ ‎③hiphop嘻哈音乐 ④symphony n．交响乐 ‎⑤musical adj. 音乐的；爱好音乐的 ‎⑥classic/popular/folk music 经典/流行/民间音乐 子话题2　人员与创作演出 ‎①band n. 乐队 ‎②conductor n. (乐队等的)指挥 ‎ ‎③pianist n. 钢琴家 ‎④choir n. 合唱团，教堂的唱诗班 ‎⑤chorus n. 合唱曲；歌咏队 ‎⑥violinist n. 小提琴家；小提琴手 ‎ ‎⑦album n. 音乐专辑；歌曲专辑 ‎⑧concert n. 音乐会；演奏会 ‎⑨live adj. 实况的；现场(直播)的 ‎⑩compose a song/music 创作歌曲/音乐 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2013·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B) In ‎1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music❶， dance and theatre in Edinburgh.The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.‎ It quickly 　❷　 famous names such as Alec Guinness，Richard Burton, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras (交响乐团)．It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.‎ ‎①写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：_musician；此处教你一招，face the music意为“接受惩罚/批评”‎ ‎②选词填空：__B__‎ A．attacked　　　　B．attracted　　　　C．attached ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)While famous foreign architects are invited❶ to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the ‎ ‎　❷　 (perform) Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.‎ ‎①写出invite在本单元中的同根名词形式：invitation；帮你拓展一下，inviting作为形容词时意为“诱人的”‎ ‎②用perform的适当形式填空：Performing 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2017·北京高考书面表达)泰山位于山东省，长期以来一直是旅游胜地，许多中国传奇(legendary)故事都与之有关。(attach)‎ Located_in_Shandong_Province,_Mount_Tai_has_long_been_a_popular_tourist_attraction,_with_many_Chinese_legendary_stories_attached_to_it._‎ ‎2．(2014·四川高考书面表达)因此，当我坐在教室做试卷时，感到精力旺盛，信心十足。(confident)‎ So_while_sitting_in_the_classroom_and_doing_my_papers,_I_felt_confident_and_was_full_of_energy.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．pretend vt.& vi.假装；假扮；扮演 ‎[记牢]‎ pretend ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①She pretended to_be_doing (do) her homework when her mother came in.‎ ‎②When mother came back, I pretended to_have_fallen (fall) asleep.‎ ‎③She opened a book, pretending (pretend) to read, with tears dropping on the open page.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④他会问我们是谁，假装不认识我们。‎ He_would_ask_who_we_were_and_pretend_not_to_know_us.‎ ‎[联想]　 和pretend有类似用法(后接to do/to be doing/to have done)的动词还有happen, appear, seem, claim等及be said to结构。‎ ‎2．attach vt.& vi.系上；附上；附加；连接；贴上；使依恋 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)attach ... to　　　 认为有(重要性、意义)；附上；连接 attach importance/significance/value to sth.‎ ‎ 认为……有重要性/意义/价值 ‎(2)attached adj. 依恋；附属于 be attached to 附属于；依恋 ‎[练通]　 单句语法填空 ‎①It is high time that the country should attach importance to energy saving and environmental protection.‎ ‎②Across the stream, a man is trying to reach out on the edge of the bank for the fruit with a net attached (attach) to a pole.‎ ‎③This hospital_is_attached (attach) to the medical college nearby.‎ ‎[用准]　attach ... to ...中的to为介词，其后跟名词、动名词等。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2018·天津高考书面表达)‎ 附在这个邮件中的是我为我的小组制订的训练计划，我希望你能读一下，看看它是否实用。‎ Attached_to_this_email is the training plan I have worked out for my team, which I hope you’ll read to see if it’s practical.‎ ‎3．form vt.(使)组成；形成；构成n.形状；表格；形式 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)form the habit of doing sth. 养成做某事的习惯 ‎(2)in the form of 以……的形式 fill in/out the form 填表格 take the form of 采取/表现为……的形式 ‎[练通]　 单句语法填空 ‎①You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request in the form of a question.‎ ‎②He was about to give up when a good idea began to_form (form) in his mind.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎③自从那时起，我就养成了与朋友有规律地打篮球的习惯，这有助于我身体更强壮、变得更自信。‎ Since then, I have_formed_the_habit_of_playing_basketball with my friends regularly, which helps me to grow stronger and become more confident.‎ ‎4．perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)perform a(n) ... role in　　　 在……中起……作用 perform an operation/a play 进行手术/演一场戏 perform one’s duty/promise 尽某人的责任/履行 ‎ 某人的承诺 ‎(2)performance n. 执行；表演；演奏；履行 put on/give a performance 表演 ‎(3)performer n. 执行者；表演者 ‎[练通]　 单句语法填空 ‎①Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it_being_performed (perform) live is quite another.‎ ‎②As everyone knows, she performs an important role in our organization.‎ ‎③His good performance (perform) in school does credit to his mother.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④(2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)在那之后，我们将唱他们最喜爱的歌曲，表演民间舞蹈。‎ After_that,_we’ll_sing_their_favourite_songs_and_perform_folk_dances.‎ ‎5．familiar adj.熟悉的；常见的；亲近的 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be/get familiar with　　　 熟悉……；与……熟悉起来 be familiar to 为……所熟悉 ‎(2)unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的 ‎[练通]‎ 句型转换 ‎①They are not familiar with charity work, which is still at an early stage in China.‎ ‎→Charity work, which is still at an early stage in China, is_not_familiar_to them.‎ 单句改错 ‎②Exposure to the English language which is used in our daily life can make people familiar to it.第二个to→with ‎[用准]　be familiar to的主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人；be familiar with的主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或物。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎③(2015·天津高考书面表达)我认为这些捐赠的书不仅能使你更熟悉中国，而且有助于提高你的汉语。‎ I believe these donated books will not only make_you_more_familiar_with_China but help improve your Chinese.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Emperor Kangxi came to this village twice, thus earning (赢得) it the name Huangcheng.‎ ‎2．In order to get familiar (熟悉的) with the new neighbour, I decided to call at his house.‎ ‎3．Nie Er is considered as one of the most famous musicians (音乐家) in China.‎ ‎4．She pretends (假装) that she likes them so that she can get their help.‎ ‎5．The girl student is very sensitive (敏感的) to what others think of her and easily annoyed by comments, whether they are praise or criticism.‎ ‎6．I put the letter in an envelope, attached (贴上) a stamp and mailed it.‎ ‎7．Walking is a good form (形式) of exercise for both the young and the old.‎ ‎8．When the fire broke out, many passersby (过路人) volunteered to put it out.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Applying for jobs can be a long and painful (pain) process.‎ ‎2．Let me briefly (brief) tell you what happened.‎ ‎3．If you haven’t read this book, please don’t pretend to_have_read (read) it.‎ ‎4．After months of unemployment all he asked for was a chance to_earn (earn) his bread.‎ ‎5．I need you to message me your full name and address so that I can send you the invitation (invite) to their wedding.‎ ‎6．We appreciated his devotion (devote) of time and money to the project.‎ ‎7．We all like Mr. Brown because he is a very humorous (humor) person.‎ ‎8．Hangzhou is considered to be one of the most attractive (attract) places in China.‎ ‎9．The children’s performance (perform) gave the elders a lot of pleasure last week.‎ ‎10．Aid should be given to developing countries with no strings attached (attach)．‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．It is said that he will give performance in our city next month.give后加a ‎2．Help in form of money will be welcome.in后加the ‎3．To be briefly, I think we should accept their invitation. briefly→brief ‎4．He was confidence that he would be admitted to the famous university.‎ confidence→confident ‎5．He is really considering devoting himself to educate these children of the poor mountain village.educate→educating Ⅳ.一句多译 ‎1．他总是乐于帮助他人，因此在这儿大家都熟悉他。(familiar)‎ ‎①He is always willing to help others, so everyone here is_familiar_with_him.‎ ‎②He is always willing to help others, so he is_familiar_to_everyone here.‎ ‎2．我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这确实使我很伤心。‎ ‎①She pretended_that_she_didn’t_know_me when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(pretend that ...)‎ ‎②She pretended_not_to_know_me when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(pretend to do ...)‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．dream_of 　 [串记1] 　 梦见；梦想；设想 ‎2．to_be_honest [串记2] 说实在地；实话说 ‎3．attach_..._to 认为有(重要性、意义)；附上；连接 ‎4．in_cash 用现金；有现钱 ‎5．play_jokes_on 戏弄 ‎6．rely_on 依赖；依靠 ‎7．be/get_familiar_with 熟悉；与……熟悉起来 ‎8．or_so 大约 ‎9．break_up 打碎；分裂；解体 ‎10．in_addition 另外；也 ‎11．sort_out 分类 ‎12．above_all 最重要；首先 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“v.＋of”短语小结 ‎①dream of梦见；梦想；设想　 ②consist of由……组成 ‎③approve of赞成 ④die of死于 ‎⑤think of想到 ⑥hear of听说 串记2.to短语来“插”队 ‎①to be honest 说实在地；实话说 ‎②to be frank 坦白地说 ‎③to begin with 首先 ‎④to tell you the truth 说实话 ‎⑤to be brief 简单地说 ‎⑥to be sure 无疑；诚然 ‎1．in front_of_thousands of people　　 面对成千上万的观众 ‎2．form a band 组成乐队 ‎3．the first step_to fame 成名的第一步 ‎4．earn some extra money 多挣一些钱 ‎5．give performances 表演；演出 ‎6．put an advertisement in a newspaper 在报纸上登一则广告 ‎7．not long after ……后不久 ‎8．on a brief tour 在短暂的巡回演出中 ‎9．show one’s devotion_to sb. 表达对某人的热爱 ‎10．go wrong 变坏 ‎1．Sometimes they may play to passersby in the street or subway so_that_they_can_earn_some_extra_money for themselves or to pay for their instruments.‎ 有时他们可能在街上或地铁里为过路者演奏，这样他们可以为自己或自己要买的乐器多挣一些钱。‎ ‎2．The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most_of_which was based loosely on the Beatles.‎ 组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。‎ ‎3．Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.‎ 弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪里都会有人跟随。‎ ‎4．Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as_if_they_were_close_friends.‎ 一些不认识他们的人也在不断地讨论他们的私生活，而且就像是他们的密友一样在谈论他们。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2017·6月浙江高考完形填空)Now Alia waited for the war to ‎ end and dreamed_of (梦想) peace and a new library.‎ ‎2．(2010·湖北高考完形填空)He taught her how to rely_on(依赖) her other senses, specifically her hearing, to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new environment.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式 ‎(补全句子/词汇升级)‎ ‎1．(2016·北京高考书面表达)说实在地，郑和，明代的一位探险家，是我在中国历史上最喜爱的人物。‎ To_be_honest,_Zheng He, an explorer in Ming Dynasty, is my favorite figure in Chinese history.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Besides(＝In_addition), in order to learn Tang poetry well, you’d better get some information about Tang Dynasty before class.(用本单元短语替换加黑词) ‎ ‎3．(2016·北京高考书面表达)在他的一生中，他写了大量优秀的诗歌，这些都对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。(“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)‎ During his lifetime, he wrote a great number of excellent poems, all_of_which_have_a_great_effect_on Chinese culture.‎ ‎4．(2016·6月浙江高考书面表达)然而，一个计划如果没有实际执行，是不会有结果的。(双重否定句式)‎ However, a plan can bear no_fruit_without being actually carried out. ‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．rely on依赖；依靠；指望；相信 ‎[记牢]‎ rely on sb.to do sth.　　　 指望/相信某人会做某事 rely on (doing) sth. 依赖/信任/指望(做)某事 rely on it that ... 相信……；指望……‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①To be honest, he is not a man who can be_relied (rely) on.‎ ‎②Many people now would rely on surfing (surf) the Internet rather than read newspapers for news.‎ 句型转换 ‎③We rely on his finishing the work today.‎ ‎→We rely on him_to_finish the work today.‎ ‎→We rely on_it_that_he_will_finish the work today.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④因此，在购买时，你要依靠你的经验和对每双(鞋)的感觉。‎ So_you_have_to_rely_on_your_experience_and_on_the_feel_of_each_pair_as_you_shop.‎ ‎[联想]　 与rely on意义和用法相同的短语还有：depend on, count on。‎ ‎2．break up打碎；分裂；解体；分拆；分解；驱散；分手；结束；放假 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中break up的含义 ‎①In order to get some money, the man broke up that old machine and sold some parts.分拆 ‎②I’m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken up. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.分手 ‎③The police came running and broke up the crowd.驱散 ‎④When does the school break up for the summer holiday？放假 ‎[记牢]‎ break down 　　 出故障；失败；垮掉；分解 break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)‎ break into 强行闯入；突然……起来 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)‎ break away from 脱离；挣脱 ‎[练通]　 选用上述短语填空 ‎⑤Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers breaking_into your house.‎ ‎⑥Don’t break_in when he is telling his own story.‎ ‎⑦You’ll break_down sooner or later if you go on working like that.‎ ‎[用准]　break into中into为介词，其后须接宾语；而break in中in为副词，为不及物动词短语。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑧只有在那时我才意识到与所有的朋友脱离关系且从不与他们联系是多么地傻。‎ Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me_to_break_away_from_all_of_my_friends and never contact them. ‎ ‎3．above all 最重要；首先 ‎[记牢]‎ after all　　 　 毕竟；终究 all in all 整体说来；总而言之 in all 全部；合计 at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟 ‎[练通]　 选用上述短语填空 ‎①He is hardworking, cheerful, and above_all_honest.‎ ‎②I was very upset to find out that he didn’t like my gift at_all.‎ ‎③Don’t believe the advertisement. After_all,_it is the customers who pay for whatever you are given.‎ ‎④How many students are there in your school in_all?‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)总之，我真诚地邀请你到我们学校来亲自看看。‎ All_in_all,_I_sincerely_invite_you_to_come_to_our_school_and_see_for_yourself.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 ‎[教材原句]　The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most_of_which was based loosely on the Beatles.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most_of_which are beyond our control.‎ 植物的生长速度受很多因素的影响，其中大部分因素是我们无法控制的。‎ ‎(2)Many young people, most_of_whom were welleducated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.‎ 许多年轻人都前往偏远地区追逐梦想，他们中大多数人受过良好的教育。‎ ‎(3)The girl lives in the house, the windows of which (＝whose_windows) face south.‎ 那个女孩住在这所房子里，房子的窗户是朝南开的。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ ‎(1)most of which ...是“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词是物时，用which；先行词是人时，用whom。‎ ‎(2)常见的此类结构还有one/two/several/each/all/many/more/some/...＋of which/whom ...‎ ‎(3)“the＋n.＋of＋which”结构一般可以与“whose＋n.”互换。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2016·四川高考书面表达)There are four seasons in a year, each of which has distinctive features.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)(2015·广东高考写作) Our class also has problems of its own, the most obvious one of which/of which the most obvious one is the students’ laziness.(要点句)‎ ‎2．not ... without ...双重否定句式，表示肯定意义 ‎[教材原句]　Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)I couldn’t_have_gone_through that bitter period_without your generous help.‎ 没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。‎ ‎(2)You can’t_be_too_careful while driving the car.‎ 你开车时再怎么小心也不为过。‎ ‎(3)Use your head and you will find_nothing_is_impossible_in the ‎ world.动动脑筋你就会发现世上无难事。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)常见的双重否定结构：‎ ‎(2)常见的用否定形式表示肯定意义的结构有：‎ not/no/never ...without ...“没有……不……”；“除……不……”‎ cannot ...too ...“越……越……”；“无论怎样……也不为过” ‎ nothing/not/no ... impossible ...“没有……不……”‎ 注意事项 英语中有些句子“貌相”(形式)否定，实则表示肯定的意义，甚至表示非常强烈的肯定意义。此类句子尤其容易出现在阅读理解中给考生增加干扰因素。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)As we know, there is no success without hardships.(开头句)众所周知，没有苦难就没有成功。‎ ‎(2)You cannot make egg rolls without breaking eggs.(要点句)‎ 有失才有得。‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 break up， in addition， be familiar with， to be honest， play jokes on， above all， rely on， dream of， or so， sort out ‎1．In_addition,_they enjoy the quiet and peace of the countryside.‎ ‎2．Beyond, a famous rock band, played its last concert in 2005 and then it officially broke_up in Singapore.‎ ‎3．To_be_honest,_it doesn’t make any sense to rent such an expensive house.‎ ‎4．We are_familiar_with the magazine; we like its content and style.‎ ‎5．Never waste anything, and above_all never waste time.‎ ‎6．Her friends are always_playing_jokes_on her, which sometimes makes her angry.‎ ‎7．Not having been here for a long time, I had to rely_on my friends to help me find a job.‎ ‎8．It is not difficult to sort_out the materials as long as time permits.‎ ‎9．I hope the rain will keep off half an hour or_so,_for I’ve forgotten to bring an umbrella.‎ ‎10．He was saving his money for the house that they had dreamed_of owning someday.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．应一些英语学习者的要求，他出版了许多书，其中一本是关于英语习语的。(“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)‎ At the request of some English learners, he has published a lot of books, one_of_which_is_about_English_idioms. ‎ ‎2．没有护照你就不能离开这个国家。(not ... without ...)‎ You_can’t_leave_the_country_without a passport. ‎ ‎3．我们将坐在大厅的前面，以便听得更清楚。(so that)‎ We’ll sit in the front of the hall so_that_we_can_hear_better. ‎ ‎4．我们错过了公共汽车，看来我们好像必须要打的了。(as if)‎ We have missed the bus. It looks as_if_we’ll_have_to_take_a_taxi. ‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，就读于一所全英语教学的中学。你在上周举行的歌唱比赛中得了第一名，其间你的美国音乐老师Mr.Green给你提供了一些帮助。 请你用英语给他写一封感谢信。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 ‎1．审题：①文体：感谢信　②人称：主要是第一、二人称 ‎③时态：主要是一般过去时 ‎2．拟点：本文未给出具体的内容要求，具有较大的开放性，写作时很容易遗漏要点。通过审读题目，可以从以下三个方面来写作。‎ ‎①开头：点明写信目的。(感谢帮助)‎ ‎②主体：具体介绍过程。收获(取得第一名)；帮助(选择歌曲，给出建议、指导)；结果(取得大的进步)。‎ ‎③结尾：再次表示感谢。‎ 要点1：我写信是为了真诚感谢您对我参加上周举行的歌唱比赛的帮助。(gratitude)‎ I_am_writing_to_extend_my_sincere_gratitude_for_your_help_with_the_singing_contest_held_last_week.‎ 要点2－①：我在比赛中获得了第一名。‎ I_won_first_place_in_the_contest.‎ 要点2－②：您帮助我选择了最适合我的歌曲。‎ You_helped_me_choose_the_song_which_suited_me_most.‎ 要点2－③：您给了我一些关于如何把歌唱好的宝贵建议。‎ You_gave_me_some_valuable_advice_on_how_to_sing_well.‎ 要点2－④：您总是耐心地指出错误，并帮助我改正它。‎ You_were_always_patient_to_point_out_the_mistake_and_helped_me_correct_it.‎ 要点2－⑤：在您的真诚和无私的帮助下，我取得了很大的进步。‎ With_your_sincere_and_selfless_help,_I_made_great_progress.‎ 要点3：我想再次对您表示我的感谢，亲爱的格林先生。‎ Once_again,_I_would_like_to_express_my_thanks_to_you,_my_dear_Mr.Green.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行适度拓展。注意适当使用较高级的词汇或较复杂的句式结构，部分要点句可添加定语、状语等。例如：‎ ‎1．要点2－①可增加状语“多亏了您的指导”；‎ ‎2．要点2－②可升级为强调句型；‎ ‎3．要点2－④可增加让步状语从句“无论何时我犯了错误”；‎ ‎4．要点2－⑤可增加并列句“努力最终得到回报”，使句意表达更完整。‎ 拓展要点2－①：多亏了您的指导，我在比赛中获得了第一名。(thanks to)‎ Thanks_to_your_guidance,_I_won_first_place_in_the_contest.‎ 升级要点2－②：正是您帮助我选择了最适合我的歌曲。 (强调句型)‎ It_was_you_that_helped_me_choose_the_song_which_suited_me_most.‎ 拓展要点2－④：无论何时我犯了错误，您总是耐心地指出来，并帮助我改正它。(no matter when ...)‎ No_matter_when_I_made_a_mistake,_you_were_always_patient_to_point_it_out_and_helped_me_correct_it.‎ 拓展要点2－⑤‎ ‎：在您的真诚和无私的帮助下，我取得了很大的进步，我们的努力最终得到了回报。(并列句)‎ With_your_sincere_and_selfless_help,_I_made_great_progress_and_our_efforts_paid_off_in_the_end.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本写作可采用“三段式”结构组织全文要点。衔接成文时，要注意要点间的逻辑关系，要点间可用in my view， besides作好衔接过渡，使文章顺畅，过渡自然。‎ Dear_Mr.Green，‎ I_am_writing_to_extend_my_sincere_gratitude_for_your_help_with_the_singing_contest_held_last_week.‎ Thanks_to_your_guidance,_I_won_first_place_in_the_contest.In_my_view,_it_was_you_that_helped_me_choose_the_song_which_suited_me_most.Besides,_you_gave_me_some_valuable_advice_on_how_to_sing_well.No_matter_when_I_made_a_mistake,_you_were_always_patient_to_point_it_out_and_helped_me_correct_it.With_your_sincere_and_selfless_help,_I_made_great_progress_and_our_efforts_paid_off_in_the_end.‎ Once_again,_I_would_like_to_express_my_thanks_to_you,_my_dear_Mr.Green.‎ Yours_sincerely，‎ Li_Hua 理清文体结构之(十)　记叙文之抒情——分清主次抓关键 在叙事的过程中倾诉着某种情感是记叙文的一大特色。这种情感或友情或关爱，无不体现了一种人间真爱即正能量。在此类文章中，叙事是一种手段，抒情才是目的。因此在阅读时要分清主次，抓住情感升华的渐进过程。‎ ‎[时间线⇨情节发展]‎ ‎[高考典例]　2017·全国卷Ⅱ·B篇 ‎[情感线⇒友谊升华]‎ ‎　初见 时间2‎ 时间3‎ 时间4‎ ‎　心灵沟通 ‎[1]I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.‎ ‎[2]The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.‎ ‎[3]We shared the belief that if you’re ‎ 情感1：拔刀相助 ‎——时间1‎ didn’t want me — somebody as well known as Paul (可解24题)→stood up for me 情感2：惺惺相惜 ‎——时间2、时间3‎ ‎①qualities and virtues ...(可解25题)‎ ‎②share the belief fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.‎ ‎[4]I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.‎ ‎ ...(可解26题)‎ 情感3：心灵交融 ‎——时间4‎ 心之相通胜于喋喋不休(可解27题)‎ ‎[定区间·细比对]‎ ‎24．Why was the studio ？‎ A．Paul Newman wanted it.‎ B．The studio powers didn’t like his agent.‎ C．He wasn’t famous enough.‎ D．The director recommended someone else.‎ ‎25．Why did Paul and the author have a ？‎ A．They were of the same age.‎ B．They worked in the same theater.‎ C．They were both good actors.‎ D．They had similar characteristics.‎ ‎26．What does the underlined word “” in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Their belief.　　　　 　B．Their care for children.‎ C．Their success. D．Their support for each other.‎ ‎27．What is the author’s in writing the text?‎ A．To show his love of films.‎ B．To remember a friend.‎ C．To introduce a new movie.‎ D．To share his acting experience.‎ ‎[答案]　24.C　25.D　26.A　27.B ‎24．由关键词定位到“时间‎1”‎所在段，由“情感1：拔刀相助”并结合第二句可知答案。‎ ‎25．由“lasting friendship”知这是友谊的升华，可定位到“情感‎2”‎，由“qualities and virtues”得出答案。‎ ‎26．此题虽是考查代词指代题，但仍能根据“情感2：惺惺相惜”中的“shared the belief”得出答案。‎ ‎27．此题是写作目的题，由记叙中的时间线和情感线变化得出本文是在回忆一位朋友。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 For a herder (放牧人) in Africa, the hardest part of the job is ‎ searching for cows lost in the bush.But for Andrew, a herder at a farm in Zimbabwe, it’s not a problem.Once he spots Toro, he knows the rest of the herd is nearby.That’s because Toro isn’t an ordinary member of the herd.He’s a giraffe.In hot weather, cattle rest in the shade under his belly.And because of his height, Toro can spot lions long before they come close to the herd.‎ Toro’s unusual situation came about after his mother was killed by lions.Toro survived the attack, but he was left with no one to protect him or give him milk.About two days later, some herders spotted and rescued him.With the permission of the Department of Wildlife, the herders moved Toro to Andrew’s farm.Since giraffes and cattle are both planteating animals that live in groups, their behaviors are much the same.Toro was accepted into the herd and wandered among the cattle as they ate grass.‎ Toro doesn’t always behave like the other members of his new herd.Like many kinds of animals, cattle compete for dominance (支配权)．Standing more than 13 feet tall, Toro is more than three times taller than the biggest bull.But Toro never tries to be “the boss”．“He is very used to their company，” Andrew said.When the herd enters the kraal (家畜栏), the cows and bulls push each other.“But thanks to his height, Toro does not need to join the mess，” said Andrew.‎ When asked if Toro would ever be returned to the wild, Munetsi, an officer of the Department of Wildlife, said no.“In the wild, he would find it difficult to be accepted into another herd or defend himself from predators (猎食者)，” he added.“He seems very much at home and is respected by the cattle.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在非洲的津巴布韦，一头落单的长颈鹿与牛群生活在一起，同吃同住，相处得非常和谐。‎ ‎1．What was Toro like when the herders found him?‎ A．He was left alone.‎ B．He was seriously ill.‎ C．He was lost in the bush.‎ D．He was fighting with lions.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段“...but he was left with no one to protect him or give him milk”可知，当这些放牧人发现这只长颈鹿的时候，因为它的妈妈在与狮子搏斗时死去，无人照顾它，它完全落单了。‎ ‎2．What do we know about Toro in the cattle herd?‎ A．He gets along well with the herd.‎ B．He is pushed around by the bulls.‎ C．He has fought to be the leader.‎ D．He stays away from the herd most of the time.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段和第三段中的描述可知，长颈鹿Toro和牛群中的其他成员相处得很好。‎ ‎3．What will happen to Toro according to Munetsi?‎ A．He will be sent back to the wild.‎ B．He will be put into another herd of giraffes.‎ C．He will continue to live together with Andrew.‎ D．He will be trained to fight with the big animals.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，人们不会把Toro放归大自然，因为它将很难被新的长颈鹿群接受，也很难保护自己不被猎食者吃掉。‎ ‎4．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Giraffes under threat in the wild B．A surprising new family for a giraffe C．A new way of herding appearing in Africa D．Moments showing friendship between animals 解析：选B　标题归纳题。综合分析文章可知，本文介绍了一只与牛群生活在一起的长颈鹿，它与牛群相处和谐，已成为这个大家庭中的一名成员。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 If you’re walking through Boston during a downpour, you might see a(n) __1__ appear before your eyes. For nearly a year, Bostonians __2__ the city streets in the rain may have __3__ poems written on the sidewalks.‎ Titled “Raining Poetry，” this __4__ resulted from cooperation between the nonprofit Mass Poetry and the city of Boston. The first poems were installed to __5__ the start of National Poetry Month, with several more __6__ to the city’s streets last May 13. These poems cannot be seen during dry, __7__ weather, but appear like magic __8__ raindrops start falling from the sky.‎ The poems were __9__ by Danielle Legros Georges, Boston’s poet laureate (桂冠诗人). They are all based on their __10__ to Boston, as well as the general themes of water and rain.‎ ‎“I wanted to draw __11__ from poets influential in the Bostonarea literary, educational or cultural fields，”Georges said.‎ ‎ The poems were installed by __12__ of the Mayor’s Mural Crew，an organization that introduces young artists to the process of __13__ public art.Using a waterresistant spray (喷剂) and simple cardboard stencils (模板), the poems can be __14__ to the sidewalk in ‎ a matter of minutes and should wear away in six to eight weeks.‎ The poems appear throughout the city. __15__ all of the poems __16__ installed are written in English, Sara Siegel, program director for the Mass Poetry, hopes to add __17__ ones in the many languages that are __18__ throughout Boston.‎ ‎“Our hope is in the next two years everyone in the state will meet a poem in their __19__ lives at least once or twice a month，” says Siegel.“This is a fun and __20__ way to bring poetry to the people.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。波士顿的街道上藏着秘密诗歌，只要一下雨，这些诗歌就会出现在城市的人行道上。‎ ‎1．A.poem　　　　　　　　　 　B．artist C．beggar D．picture 解析：选A　根据下文中的“poems written on the sidewalks” 可知，如果雨天漫步波士顿街头，你可能会看到一首“诗歌(poem)”出现在眼前。‎ ‎2．A.cleaning B．searching C．wandering D．repairing 解析：选C　根据上文中的“you’re walking through Boston”可知，此处指波士顿人“漫步(wandering)”在雨中的城市街头。‎ ‎3．A.copied B．laughed at C．published D．come across 解析：选D　根据上文中的“you might see ... appear before your eyes” 可知，波士顿人可能会“发现(come across)”写在人行道上的诗歌。‎ ‎4．A.theory B．project C．routine D．problem 解析：选B　结合上文中的“Titled ’Raining Poetry，’”和下文中的“cooperation between the nonprofit Mass Poetry and the city of Boston”可知，“雨天诗歌”是非盈利组织Mass Poetry和波士顿市的合作“项目(project)”。‎ ‎5．A.record B．describe C．determine D．celebrate 解析：选D　根据空后的“the start of National Poetry Month”可知，第一批安装的诗歌是为了“庆祝(celebrate)”“全国诗歌月”的开始。‎ ‎6．A.added B．related C．compared D．contributed 解析：选A　结合上文中的“The first poems”和空前的“several more”可知，安装好第一批诗歌后，又“增加(added)”了更多的诗歌。‎ ‎7．A.rainy B．foggy C．sunny D．snowy 解析：选C　根据空前的“dry”可知，这些诗歌在干燥、“晴朗的(sunny)”天气里是看不到的。‎ ‎8．A.once B．before C．until D．though 解析：选A　下雨是诗歌出现的必要条件，所以此处填once。‎ ‎9．A.read B．selected C．invented D．translated 解析：选B　根据下文中的“I wanted ... poets influential in the Bostonarea literary, educational or cultural fields”可知，这些诗歌是由波士顿桂冠诗人Danielle Legros Georges“选取(selected)”的。‎ ‎10．A.ticket B．passage C．entrance D．relationship 解析：选D　根据下文中的“the general themes of water and rain”和 “... from poets influential in the Bostonarea literary, educational or cultural fields”可知，所选诗歌都是和波士顿有一定“关系(relationship)”的或其主题是关于水和雨的。‎ ‎11．A.works B．scenes C．figures D．winners 解析：选A　结合上文中的“The poems were ... by Danielle Legros Georges”和下文中的“from poets”可知，Danielle Legros Georges选取的是一些有影响力的诗人的“作品(works)”。‎ ‎12．A.friends B．colleagues C．members D．characters 解析：选C　结合上文中的“The poems were installed”和下文中的“the Mayor’s Mural Crew, an organization”可知，这些诗歌是由一个组织的“成员(members)”安装的。‎ ‎13．A.teaching B．creating C．discovering D．protecting 解析：选B　根据下文中的“Using a waterresistant spray (喷剂) and simple cardboard stencils (模板), the poems can be ... to the sidewalk”可知，这一组织旨在让年轻的艺术家参与“创作 (creating)”公共艺术。‎ ‎14．A.fixed B．applied C．expanded D．turned 解析：选A　根据上文中的“The first poems were installed ... to ‎ the city’s streets”可知，这些诗歌被“安装(fixed)”在人行道上。‎ ‎15．A.If B．When C．While D．Unless 解析：选C　“all of the poems ... installed are written in English”和“Sara Siegel, program director for the Mass Poetry, hopes to add ... ones in the many languages”之间是让步关系，故此处填While表示“尽管”。‎ ‎16．A.formally B．currently C．properly D．frequently 解析：选B　根据下文中的“Sara Siegel, program director for the Mass Poetry, hopes to add ...ones in the many languages”可知，“目前(currently)”安装的诗歌都是用英语书写的。‎ ‎17．A.easy B．hard C．old D．new 解析：选D　根据上文中的“hopes to add”可知，Sara Siegel希望增加一些其他语种的“新的(new)”诗歌。‎ ‎18．A.studied B．spoken C．ignored D．preserved 解析：选B　结合上文中的“many languages”和下文中的“throughout Boston”可知，Sara Siegel希望增加在波士顿讲的其他语言写成的诗歌。spoken符合语境。‎ ‎19．A.professional B．personal C．lonely D．daily 解析：选D　结合上文中的 “walking through Boston”和下文中的“at least once or twice a month”可知，Siegel 希望人们在自己“‎ 日常的(daily)”生活中能经常看到诗歌。‎ ‎20．A.typical B．familiar C．unusual D．impossible 解析：选C　在人行道上安装诗歌是一种有趣的、“不寻常的(unusual)”方式。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 When Kate’s car ran out of gas on a highway one night six weeks ago, she got into a panic.“I thought I could make it all the way home, but __1__ (obvious) I was wrong，” Kate recalled.“I drove to the side of the road and got out, __2__ (plan) to walk to the nearest gas station.That’s when I met Johnny, a homeless man sitting nearby.Johnny stopped me. Concerned about my __3__ (safe), he told me to get back in the car and lock the doors.I obeyed.A few minutes later, he came back with a gas can that he bought with his last $20.”‎ ‎“__4__ was crazy that he should use all his money on someone he didn’t even know，” Kate added. __5__ (repay) Johnny, Kate returned many times and gave him some money, food and clothes.But she wanted to do more __6__ this man.“Johnny is generous indeed，” said Kate.“He’s got such positive energy, __7__ he’s in that situation.”‎ ‎__8__ (touch) by Johnny’s selflessness, Kate is now raising money online for him.“To my great delight, donations keep pouring in，” said Kate.“So far, over $100,000 __9__ (collect)．He’s indeed a good guy and deserves everything __10__ is coming to him.”‎ 语篇解读：‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。流浪汉Johnny用仅有的20美元帮助了Kate，这让Kate很感动。尽管他处于那样穷困的境况，却拥有强大的正能量。‎ ‎1．obviously　考查副词。由于修饰的是整个句子，需用obvious的副词形式。‎ ‎2．planning　考查非谓语动词。此处为现在分词短语planning to walk to the nearest gas station作伴随状语，逻辑主语I与分词动作plan之间是主动关系。‎ ‎3．safety　考查名词。空格中所填单词在句中作Concerned about的宾语，且前面有形容词性物主代词my修饰，故用safe的名词形式safety。‎ ‎4．It　考查代词。It在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。‎ ‎5．To repay　考查非谓语动词。To repay Johnny是不定式短语作目的状语。‎ ‎6．for　考查介词。根据句意可知，这里填for表示“为了”。‎ ‎7．though/although　考查状语从句。此处用though/although引导让步状语从句。尽管他处于那样的境况，却拥有强大的正能量。‎ ‎8．Touched　考查非谓语动词。Touched by Johnny’s selflessness是过去分词短语作状语，表示原因，逻辑主语Kate与分词动作touch之间是被动关系。‎ ‎9．has been collected　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。so far作状语，句子常用现在完成时；主语$100,000是谓语动词动作collect的承受者，用被动语态。金钱作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎10．that　考查定语从句。此处为关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词everything，关系代词在从句中作主语。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 Dear Mr.Xie，‎ I’m very exciting to write to you to express my thanks.I am Li Hua, one of the poor children who was crying for knowledge, but couldn’t afford the school fees because my father was ill or my family was deeply in debt.Thank you for give me generous support so that I could have the chance go back to school.Except for the support, I wouldn’t have realized my dream.Your help made many difference to me.I am sure to spread the love to help people in the need.In brief, my appreciation for your kindness can never be expressed in word.Please accept my sincerely gratitude.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第一句：exciting→excited 第二句：第一个was→were; or→and 第三句：give→giving; go前加to 第四句：Except→But 第五句：many→much 第六句：去掉第二个the 第七句：word→words 第八句：sincerely→sincere