2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars学案 10页

Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars学案 Ⅰ.情景默写 ‎1.The Transition is now going through crash(碰撞)tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎2.These include custom－made navigation(导航)tools，night vision systems(系统)and intelligent speed adaptations.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ ‎3.Worse still，being addicted to cell phones might also lead to teenagers’ poor performance at school，thus(因此)adding to the elders’ worries.‎ ‎4.His gentle(温和的)smiles and ready hands have always been our best prides.‎ ‎5.The finals of the match were going on in an exciting atmosphere(气氛) and won hearty applause at times.‎ ‎6.His brother received a degree of astronomy(天文学) when he graduated from college.‎ ‎7.You’d better pull(拉；拖) your car over to the side of the road if you must answer a phone call.‎ ‎8.Some fundamental(基本的) mistakes are not allowed to make when you are doing the work.‎ ‎9.As we know，the earth is becoming warmer and warmer due to the global climate(气候)change.‎ ‎10.Unlike(不像) most people in the office who come to work by car，I usually come to work by bus.‎ ‎11.If you multiply(乘)two and three, you will get six.‎ ‎12.Oxygen(氧气)is a kind of gas that is necessary for animals and plants to live.‎ ‎13.The young man knows little about Newton’s law of gravity(重力).‎ ‎14.The smell of new bread floated(飘动) up from the kitchen.‎ ‎15.When the Chinese women volleyball team turned up，all the fans cheered__up(‎ 感到振奋).‎ ‎16.Please tell me when Mr. Smith is arriving at the train station so that I can pick him up in__time(及时).‎ ‎17.Once he has made up his mind，no one can prevent him from(阻止)carrying out the plan.‎ ‎18.At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket，which broke__out(突发；爆发)at ten this morning.‎ ‎19.You’ve made me suffer in the past，so now you，in__your__turn(轮到你)，suffer again!‎ ‎20.She married at 17 and gave__birth__to(分娩)her first child shortly after.‎ ‎21.She bought a heavy curtain to block__out(挡住)the light.‎ Ⅱ.词性转换 ‎1.He often says that he doesn’t believe in any religion(religious) and only believes in himself.‎ ‎2.The factory gives off harmful gases. They may do harm to our health.(harm)‎ ‎3. Do you believe the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist)‎ ‎4. The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzled about the puzzling math problem.(puzzle)‎ ‎5.The robbers hit them violently.They couldn’t bear it any more so they decided to answer violence with violence and began their violent fightback. (violent)‎ ‎1.句型公式：形式宾语it 我理所当然地认为他会帮助我们。‎ I took__it__for__granted__that he would help us.‎ ‎2.句型公式：形式主语it 显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到目标。‎ It__is__obvious__that a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. ‎ ‎3.句型公式：what引导的主语从句 另外，可能最使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的紧张、烦躁。‎ In addition，what__may__interest__you__most is that I am really nervous and upset when taking the exam.(四川卷·满分作文) ‎ ‎4.句型公式：be lucky enough to do sth 只有二十个学生被选出到国外学习，我很幸运的成为其中一个。‎ There were 20 students chosen to go abroad to study，and I__was__lucky enough__to__be__one__of__them.‎ ‎5.句型公式：as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as 请给予他们鼓励，让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。‎ Please give them encouragement to__live__as__rich__and__full__a__life__as you do. ‎ ‎6.句型公式：倍数＋as...as...‎ 新图书馆是旧图书馆的4倍大。‎ Our new library is four__times__as__large__as the old one. ‎ ‎7.句型公式：now that引导原因状语从句 既然大家都到齐了，我们可以开始开会了。 ‎ Now__that__everybody__is__here，we can begin the meeting. ‎ 第一板块 重点单词 ‎1.harmful adj.有害的 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/微写作 ‎①As we all know，a bad eating habit is harmful(harm) to one’s health.‎ ‎②As far as I’m concerned，there is no harm(harmful) in making an apology to him first.‎ ‎③这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。(安徽卷)‎ These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing/doing serious__harm__to__life__and__the__environment.或which__causes/does serious__harm__to__life__and__the__environment.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)be harmful to...　对……有害 ‎(2)harm n. & vt. 伤害；损害 do harm to sb＝ do sb harm 对某人有害 There is no harm in doing sth 做某事没有坏处 ‎(3)harmless adj. 无害的 ‎2.exist vi.存在；生存 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/完成句子 ‎①Even though he is a little boy，strange ideas always exist in his mind. ‎ ‎②The old lady became seriously ill last week；she has only existed on milk ever since. ‎ ‎③There exists(exist)a good way to solve the problem at present.‎ ‎④Scientists have many theories about how__the__universe__first__came__into existence.‎ 关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)exist in　存在于……之中 exist on 靠……为生 There exists/existed... 某地有……‎ ‎(2)existence n. 存在；生存 in existence 存在 come into existence 产生；开始存在 ‎【点津】　exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。‎ ‎3.puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难；使窘困；感到迷惑 n.谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错/微写作 ‎①The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.‎ ‎②I am puzzled(puzzle)by his failure to reply that he hasn’t replied to my letter.‎ ‎③Where the lost boy has gone still remains puzzle to us.‎ remains后加a或puzzle→puzzling ‎④Her puzzling look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.‎ puzzling→puzzled ‎⑤事实上，所困扰你的事情对于中国的父母来说也是一个难题。‎ What__puzzles__you__is__actually__a__puzzle__to__many__parents__in__China.‎ ‎(陕西卷)‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)puzzle over/about sth　苦苦思索 ‎(2)a puzzle to sb 某人不懂……‎ be in a puzzle 不知如何是好 ‎(3)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人或人的表情等)‎ puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的(常用来修饰事物)‎ 第二板块 核心短语 ‎1.in time及时；终于；总有一天 高考必刷题练透 写出下列句中in time的含义/语段填空/微写作 ‎①Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family？(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)及时 ‎②You’ll succeed in time because you are always working hard.总有一天 ‎③Working hard made him successful in time.终于 ‎④At one time I grew crazy about skating. However，I fell onto the ground from time to time，but I knew that I would at no time be skilled if I lack of practice.‎ ‎⑤所以，我没有及时抽出时间给你回信。(山东卷)‎ Therefore，I__couldn’t__spare__time__to__write__you__back__in__time.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)in no time　立刻；马上 at no time 决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)‎ at a time 每次；一次 at one time 曾经；一度 at the same time 同时 from time to time 有时；偶尔 ‎(2)take one’s time 别着急；慢慢来 kill time 消磨时间 ‎2.in one’s turn轮到某人；接着 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/微写作 ‎①People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this in turn creates more problems.‎ ‎②I think it’s my turn to__drive(drive) the kids to school this week.‎ ‎③It turned out that this young man was none other than the old man’s son.‎ ‎④当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。‎ When__it__is__in__my__turn，I__am__too__excited__to__speak.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 in turn　依次；轮流；反之；相应地 by turns 轮流；交替地 take turns to do sth　　　轮流做某事 It is one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事 It turns/turned out that... 结果……‎ ‎3.cheer up(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎①Upon arriving at the classroom，the author was cheered up by a warm welcome.‎ ‎②They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports team on.‎ ‎③Let’s go to the football game and cheer for our favorite team.‎ ‎④When I’m feeling sad my mother tells me funny stories to cheer up.cheer后加__me 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)cheer sb up　使某人振作起来 cheer sb on 为某人加油 cheer for 为……而欢呼 ‎(2)Cheers! [口语](用于祝酒)干杯！‎ 第三板块 经典句式 ‎1.But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.‎ 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。‎ 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/一句多译 ‎①This book is twice longer(long)than the length of that one.‎ ‎②The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.‎ ‎③最近发现的一颗行星几乎是地球的三倍大。‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)“twice as far as...”是倍数的一种表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”。‎ ‎(2)常见倍数表达法：‎ ‎·A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B ‎·A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B ‎·A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词size/weight/length...＋of B ‎·A＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”‎ ‎2.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.‎ 这就产生了一个连锁反应使生命的发展成为可能。‎ 高考必刷题练透 单句改错/一句多译 ‎①The sun heats the earth，which makes it possible for plants grow.plants后加to ‎②The girl knows three foreign languages，which makes its easier for her to find a good job.its→it ‎③精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。‎ ‎③－1 Mastering the technology makes__it__possible__for__us__to__use__the Internet__more__effectively.‎ ‎③－2 Mastering the technology makes__it__possible__that__we__can__use__the Internet__more__effectively.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)在“make it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth”中it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。‎ ‎(2)在该句型中，作宾语的代不定式结构可换为that引导的宾语从句。‎ Ⅰ.课文语法填空 No one knows exactly how the earth began.However，according to a widely accepted theory，it began with a “Big Bang”.Then the earth exploded loudly and produced water vapor and many gases，1.making (make) the earth’s atmosphere.And then as the earth cooled down，water appeared and stayed 2.on the surface.It was the presence of water 3.that allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas，which made it possible for life to develop.And the 4.appearance (appear) of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.Next，green plants began to grow on land.5.They were followed by land animals.Later，reptiles appeared for 6.the first time，after which dinosaurs developed.However，they suddenly 7.disappeared (appear).Therefore，mammals rose on the earth.Finally，humans appeared and spread all over the earth.8.However，they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，making the earth too hot to live on.So 9.whether life will continue on the earth will depend on whether this problem can 10.be__solved (solve).‎ Ⅱ.课文短文改错 According to a wide accepted theory，the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all direction.For several billions years after the “Big Bang”，earth was still just a cloud of dust.What it was to become was certain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years before when the dust settled into a solid globe.The earth became so violently that it was not clear whether the shape would be last or not.It exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were on time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapor and other gases，that were to make the earth’s atmosphere.‎ 答案 According to a accepted theory，the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all .For several years after the “Big Bang”， earth was still just a cloud of dust.What it was to become was until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years when the dust settled into a solid globe.The earth became so that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.It exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapor and other gases， were to make the earth’s atmosphere.‎ Ⅲ.单元要点微写作 假设你是李华，对探月感兴趣，现在写一篇英语短文，设想如何在假期到月球旅行。‎ ‎1.去月球旅行的问题：如何吃饭、喝水；‎ ‎2.月球现状：月球没有重力，食物会飘移；‎ ‎3.解决办法：带食物的方法：放在试管中，吸食；‎ ‎4.去月球旅行的期望。‎ 注意：1.请根据以上要点写一篇60词左右的短文。‎ ‎2.尽量使用本单元的知识点。‎ ‎3.可适当增加细节。‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ If I visited the moon，there would be a problem I might be faced with：how to eat and drink.‎ The gravity of the moon is so weak that the food will float around.I would have to take all my food with me.So it could be put in a tube and then I would be able to suck it more easily.Perhaps I would use a straw to do it.It can prevent the food from floating away.‎ Only in this way can the problem be solved.I will have a try in time.‎