【英语】2018届人教版必修1一轮复习：Unit4Earthquakes单元学案设计（19页） 31页

‎2018届人教版必修1一轮复习：Unit4Earthquakes单元学案设计 重点词汇回顾 重点单词 ‎1 (adj.) 极度的 (adv.)极度地 ‎2 （n.）民族；国家；国民 （adv.）民族的；国家的；全国的 ‎3 (n,) 污垢 (adj.) 脏的 ‎4 （n.）苦难；痛苦 ______（v.）遭受 (n.)患病者；受难者 ‎5 (v.) 损害 （n.）‎ ‎6 (vt.) 毁坏 （n.）‎ ‎7 (n.) 电；电流 （adj.）靠电来工作的 (adj.)与电有关的 ‎8 (n.)祝贺；（复数）贺词 （v.）祝贺 ‎9 (vt.)使惊吓；吓唬 _____（adj.）令人恐惧的 （adj.）受惊的；受惊吓的 重点短语 ‎1 right 立刻；马上 ‎ ‎2 too… 太…… 而不能……‎ ‎3 think of 评价不高 ‎ ‎4 usual 像往常一样 ‎5 as 好像 ‎ ‎6 an end 结束；终结 ‎7 cut 穿过；贯穿 ‎ ‎8 ruins 成为废墟 ‎9 number of ……的数量 ‎ ‎10 instead 代替 ‎11 dig 掘出；发现 ‎ ‎12 (great) number of 许多；大量的 主要短语归纳 ‎1. right away            2. come out of           3. too nervous to eat ‎4. run out of             5. bright lights           6. water pipes    ‎ ‎7. think little of         8. as usual                 9. as if          ‎ ‎10. at an end          11. in ruins                 12. two thirds of ...‎ ‎13. thousands of ...                                  ‎ ‎14. the number of ...‎ ‎15. blow ... away     ‎ ‎16. railway tracks ‎17. fall down           ‎ ‎18. dig out                  ‎ ‎19. coal mines ‎20. fresh water                  ‎ ‎21. a great number of ‎22. be pleased to tell ...‎ ‎23. win the high school speaking competition   ‎ ‎24. be proud of                 ‎ ‎25. As you know, ...‎ ‎26. express one's thanks to ...   ‎ ‎27. It seemed as if ...        ‎ ‎28. not long after that ...‎ ‎29. disaster-hit areas       ‎ ‎30. raise money 重点句式回顾 ‎【原句】But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。‎ ‎[模仿要点] 句子结构：由which/who引导的非限制性定语从句 ‎【模仿1】我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。‎ ‎__________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎【模仿2】据报道，心脏病和癌症成了中年人的头号杀手，这给我们敲响了警钟。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎1. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.‎ 在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。‎ 自主探究 burst vi. ( , )‎ ‎ n. ‎ e.g.: Water-pipes .‎ 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。‎ 搭配 ‎① burst into + n. = burst out doing sth. 突然···起来 burst into = burst out laughing 放声大笑 burst into =burst out crying 放声大哭 ‎② burst into break into the room 破门而入 ‎③ a burst of anger 一阵发怒 即学即练 The police _____ the room and caught the murder.‎ A. burst into B. entered into ‎ C. looked into D. shouted at ‎2. It seemed as if the world was at an end. ‎ 似乎到了世界末日！‎ ‎1) as if = as though 好像，似乎 ‎（1）如果as if 从句表示的事情可能是真实的，通常使用陈述语气。‎ e.g. ① It looks as if it is going to rain. ________________________________‎ ‎② It sounds as if _____________________________ 听起来好像有人在敲门。‎ ‎（2）如果as if 从句表示的内容与事实相反或是一种假想，通常使用虚拟语气。‎ 主句+as if (though)+主语+‎ ‎①were/过去时 —〉表示与主句动作同时发生 ‎②could/would +动词原形—〉表示动作可能在将来发生 ‎③had+过去分词—〉表示从句谓语的动作发生在主句动作之前 即学即练 ① She talked about the film as if really seen it.‎ 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。‎ ② She learns English so hard as if ________________________________‎ 她学英语如此努力好像她要去美国似的。‎ ‎ 2). at an end 结束，终结（常作表语）‎ e.g. . 战争终于结束了。‎ 归纳拓展 at the end of 在···尽头，在···末尾 by the end of 到···为止 in the end 最后，终于 make ends meet 收支相抵 come to an end 结束 ‎3. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.‎ 在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就沉没在一片废墟之中。‎ ruin （1）n. ________________________________ ‎ e.g. ________________________________‎ 我们看见了这座教堂的废墟。‎ ‎（2）vt. ________________________________ ‎ 搭配 ‎① be lie in ruins 破败不堪 e.g. ________________________________ ‎ ‎ 那座建筑物已成断壁残垣。 ‎ ‎② fall into ruins 成为废墟 ‎﹝辨析﹞ ruin destroy damage ‎ ‎①ruin 指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，往往是非暴力的，也不是一次打击的结果，也可以指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。‎ ‎②destroy 指彻底毁坏，不能修复。‎ ‎③damage 指局部损坏，但可以修复。‎ 即学即练 ‎（1）The building was completely by fire.‎ ‎（2）His car hit a tree by the roadside and was . So he had to have it repaired.‎ ‎（3）My new shoes get in the mud.‎ ‎4 Sand now filled the wells instead of water.‎ 典例赏析 ‎1) The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. ‎ 中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。‎ ‎2) Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. ‎ 杰克不去工作, 虚度着光阴。‎ ‎3) She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday. ‎ 她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。‎ 自主探究 instead of ____________________‎ 短语归纳 instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“代替；相反”。‎ instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“代替、而不……”。‎ in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思.‎ take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。‎ 即学即练 ‎1). Tractors _____________ horses in many places. ‎ A. in place of B. have taken the place of C. instead D. instead of ‎ ‎2). You should be out playing ___________ working indoors all day. ‎ A. in spite of B. take the place of ‎ C. instead D. instead of ‎5. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.‎ ‎（1）分数表达法 ‎①分子（基数词为one） 分母（序数词用单数）eg. 1/3 one-third 1/5 one-fifth ‎②分子（基数词大于one）分母+s （序数词用复数）‎ e.g. 2/3 two-thirds 3/5 three-fifths ‎⑵百分数表达法 数词+percent (%) 表示 “百分之…” ‎ e.g. 75% ， 90% ，65% ，……‎ 分数/百分数作主语时，若所指的是可数名词，则谓语动词多用复数；‎ e.g. 80% of the trees were cut down.‎ 若指不可数名词，谓语动词多用单数：‎ e.g. 50% of the water in the bottle has gone.‎ 请根据提示完成下列句子。‎ ‎1. (三分之一) of the students in our class (be) girls.‎ ‎2. (五分之三) of the soil (wash) away by the flood last night.‎ ‎3. (一半) of the desks in this school (make) in his company.‎ ‎（2）injure vt. ‎ e.g. ① ‎ ‎ 吸烟会损害你的健康。‎ ‎ ② ‎ ‎ 去年他在一次交通事故中受了伤。‎ ‎﹝辨析﹞ injure, hurt, wound njure 常指偶然事故对人造成的“损害”。‎ hurt v. 受伤，伤害。常用于口语，主要指肉体或感情上所受到的伤害，也含有“疼痛（vi.）”的意思。‎ wound vt. 伤，伤害。& n.伤，伤口。指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤、剑伤，尤指在战争中、战斗中受伤。‎ 即学即练 ‎① He got in the war.‎ ‎② He didn’t want to her feelings.‎ ‎③ Yesterday my leg .‎ ‎④Tom fell down from the tree and his legs.‎ ‎6. People were shocked. 人们震惊了。‎ shock v. ‎ un. 休克，打击，震惊 ‎ c n. 令人震惊的事 ‎﹝派生词﹞ shocked adj. 震惊的 ‎ shocking adj. 令人震惊的 搭配﹞① be shocked at (doing) sth. 对（做）某事感到震惊 ‎ ② be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事 即学即练 The child’s bad language （使大家都感到震惊）。‎ ‎② ‎ 他对她的抽烟感到震惊。‎ ‎③ The news of his wife’s death was to him.（一个沉重的打击）‎ ‎④ All of the people present felt at the news. ‎ 所有在场的人们对这个令人震惊的消息感到震惊。 ‎ ‎7. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.‎ ‎ rescue n. &vt. 援救，营救 典例赏析 ‎1) The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. ‎ 警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。‎ ‎2) The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake. ‎ 营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。‎ ‎3) Michael rescued a boy from drowning. ‎ 迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。‎ 自主探究 rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. ‎ come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. ‎ a rescue team 救援队 a rescue mission 救援任务 ‎ rescue workers 救援人员 即学即练 用rescue的适当形式填空 ‎1) The mother, along with her two children, ______ from the sinking boat by a passing ship.‎ ‎2) The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday. ‎ ‎8. All hope was not lost. ‎ 典型例句 ‎①All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. ‎ ‎= Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. ‎ ‎②I don’t know all of them. ‎ ‎③Both of the students don’t like the story. ‎ ‎④Everyone doesn’t like the story. ‎ ‎= Not everyone likes the story. ‎ 自主探究 表示“全体”意义的词 “ , , , , ” 等和否定副词not连用时表部分否定。而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：‎ Nobody likes the story. ‎ Neither of the students likes the story. ‎ 即学即练 中译英 ‎1) 并非这两个学生这个故事。‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ ‎2) 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ ‎9. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.‎ bury v. 埋葬，掩藏 She _______beside her husband’s grave.‎ 她被安葬在丈夫的坟旁。‎ The paper ________ under a pile of book.‎ 那份文件被掩藏在一堆书下面。‎ She ____________ thought. 她陷入沉思。‎ He ____________ his books. 他埋头读书。‎ 常用短语 be buried in…‎ bury oneself in… 埋头于，专心于……‎ ‎10. a (great) number of 许多，大量的 （后跟可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数）‎ e.g. _______________________________________许多学生反对这个计划。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎①many, a great/good many, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, (quite) a few + 可数名词复数 ‎② much, a great deal of, (quite) a little + 不可数名词 ‎③ plenty of, a lot of, lots of + 可数名词复数不可数名词 即学即练 The number of people invited 50, but a number of them absent.‎ A. was; was B. was; were C. were; was D. were; were ‎ 定语从句（一）‎ 一 定语从句的概念 ‎1. 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。‎ ‎2. 引导定语从句的词有两种:关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等,关系副词有where ,why, when等。‎ ‎3. 关系代词和关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,有三个作用：1连接主从句(引导定语从句)2.指代先行词3在定语从句中做句子成分。‎ ‎4. 定语从句一般位于先行词后面。‎ 二 关系代词的用法 ‎1 who的用法 who引导定语从句时，在从句中做主语或宾语，（做宾语时可省）先行词是人。‎ This is the man who helped me out of trouble. 他就是那个帮我解决困难的人。‎ I don’t know the woman who you spoke to just now. 我不认识那个刚才你与她交谈的妇女。‎ ‎2 whom的用法 whom引导定语从句时，在从句中做宾语，（可省）先行词是人。‎ The doctor whom/who you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那个医生在房间里。‎ She’s a girl with whom you can talk freely. 她是一个你可以与之随便交流的姑娘。‎ ‎[注意]①whom 引导定语从句时不能用作从句的主语。‎ whom 可以构成“介词+whom”引导定语从句 ‎3 whose 用法 whose引导定语从句时，在从句中做定语，意思为：“……的”，表示所属关系，其先行词可以是人，也可以是物。‎ He’s living in a room whose window faces the east. 他住在一个窗户朝东的房间里。‎ The boy whose spoken English is excellent draws our attention.‎ 那个英语口语极好的男孩引起了我们的注意。‎ ‎[知识拓展]“whose+n.”引导的定语从句相当于“the+n.+of+which/whom”或“of which/whom+the+n.”引导的定语从句 ‎① Please pass me the book whose cover is yellow and black.‎ ‎= Please pass me the book the cover of which is yellow and black.‎ 请把那本封面是黑黄相间的书递给我。‎ ‎② We saw some people whose car had broken down.‎ ‎= We saw some people the car of whom had broken down.‎ ‎4 that 与which的用法 that和which 在它们引导的定语从句中做主语或宾语，（做宾语时可省）that的先行词既可以是人，也可以是物，which的先行词是物。‎ They finally reached a storehouse that/which used to be a church.‎ 他们最后到了一个曾经是一个教堂的仓库那里。‎ I have been keeping the presents that/which he sent me. ‎ 我一直保存着他送给我的礼物 ‎[注意]在下列情况which和that 不能换用 ‎1只用that不用which的情况：‎ 先行词是人时 We all like the new teacher that teaches us English. ‎ 我们都喜欢教我们英语的那位新老师 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, many, some, something, nothing, anything, everything等时。‎ All that we have to do is to practise every day. ‎ 我们所必须做的是就是每天练习。‎ I‘ll do everything that I can (do) to help you. ‎ 我将尽一切努力来帮助你。‎ 当先行词被all, few, little, the only, any, no, the very等修饰时。‎ Every means that had been tried proved to be useless. ‎ 尝试过的每一种方法都被证明是无用的 I’ve read all the books that you gave me. ‎ 我已经读了你给我的所有的书。‎ He is the very man that I am looking for.‎ 他正是我要找的那个人。‎ 当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。‎ The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. ‎ 我将永远不会忘记我的第一堂课。‎ It’s the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. ‎ 这是我曾经读过的最有趣的书。‎ 当先行词既有人又有物时。‎ They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.‎ 他们谈起了他们所记得的学校里面的人和事。‎ 当the way做先行词且引导词在从句中做状语时,引导词用that或in which,也可省略。‎ I hate the way (that)/ (in which) he talks to his wife. ‎ 我讨厌他和他妻子说话的方式。‎ 一些以which/who开头的特殊疑问句,为了避免重复，用that引导。‎ Which is the book that you want?‎ Who is the child that lost his key?‎ 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(只限于限定性定语从句)。‎ He is not the person that he was 30 years ago.‎ ‎[注意] that和who的先行词都是人，但有时只用who He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。‎ A sports fan is someone who loves to play or watch sports.‎ Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.‎ God helps those who help themselves.‎ 自助者天助。‎ 总结：先行词是①人称代词 ‎ ②someone/anyone等指人的不定代词 ‎ ③those/one/ones指人时 ‎[注意]定语从句中谓语动词的单复数 Do you know the boy who is (be) standing under the tree?‎ Do you know the boys who are (be) standing under the tree?‎ 总结：如果关系代词在定语从句中作主语,谓语动词要与主语保持一致.‎ She is one of the students who have (have) been to Beijing.‎ She is the only one of the students who has (have) been to Beijing.‎ ‎5、as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)‎ ‎(1) 如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as等结构中。如：‎ ‎1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。‎ ‎ Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是same.)‎ ‎2比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in.‎ ‎ I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.‎ 比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句）‎ ‎ Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）‎ ‎(2) 如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）‎ ‎1. As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. (as 作宾语)‎ ‎=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health. （as 作主语）‎ ‎=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health.‎ 或:Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know .（as 作宾语）‎ 或: Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.‎ ‎2. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)‎ 三 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：‎ ‎1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。‎ ‎2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.‎ ‎3.‎ ‎ 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。‎ ‎1) This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。‎ ‎2) Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。‎ ‎4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）‎ 比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. ‎ He has a sister who is a musician.‎ 定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose等）和关系副词（where, when, why等）。关系词在先行词和定语从句之间起着三个作用：①连接主句和从句；②指代先行词；③在从句中作句子成分。本单元我们先来学习关系代词引导的定语从句。‎ ‎【语境展示】 观察下面句子，并试着归纳关系代词引导的定语从句的用法。‎ ‎1. The people who / that called yesterday want to buy the house.‎ ‎2. The man (whom / who / that) I have to phone lives in Canada.‎ ‎3. She was not in the train which / that arrived just now.‎ ‎4. This is the book (which / that) you wanted.‎ ‎5. The girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in her class.‎ ‎6. It's the house whose door is painted red.‎ ‎【自我归纳】‎ ‎①关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语（句1、句2）。‎ ‎②关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语, 在口语和非正式文体中可用who或that替换（句2）。‎ ‎③关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语（句3、句4）。‎ ‎④关系代词that既可以指人也可以指________，在定语从句中作主语或宾语（句1-句4）。‎ ‎⑤关系代词whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作________（句5、句6）。‎ 注意：关系代词在从句中作宾语时，在口语中可省略（句2、句4）。‎ ‎【即学即练】‎ I. 将下面两个句子合成一个含有定语从句的复合句。‎ ‎1. My brother works for a magazine.‎ The magazine is very popular in America. ‎ ‎_________________________________________‎ ‎2. The boy is lucky.‎ He has a lot of friends.‎ ‎_________________________________________‎ ‎3. Linda is a girl.‎ Her friends depend on her.‎ ‎_________________________________________‎ ‎4. I took piano lessons from a woman.‎ She is my mother's friend.‎ ‎_________________________________________‎ ‎5. That's the house.‎ I grew up in it with my sister Emilia.‎ ‎_________________________________________‎ ‎6. Rome is a city.‎ It attracts a lot of tourists.‎ ‎_________________________________________‎ II. 用适当的关系词填空。‎ ‎1. Are you the lady ________ asked for soap?‎ ‎2. Many people have friends ________ social backgrounds are different from theirs.‎ ‎3. She had shown pictures of a plant ________ had recently been discovered.‎ ‎4. There was an old man in the village ________ none of us liked.‎ ‎5. The girl ________ photo I took at the party was pleased with it.‎ ‎6. Yesterday I ran into an old friend ________ I hadn't seen for years.‎ ‎7. In 1519 a traveler ________ went to America from Europe discovered the tomato.‎ ‎8. I've been thinking about the questions ________ you asked me last week.‎ III. 用适当的关系词补全下面短文。‎ Last summer, I made friends with some people 1. ________ are completely different from me. In July, I went to Mexico City to study Spanish for a month. In our group, there was a teacher 2. ________ was much older than I. We became really good friends.‎ In my first week, I had a problem 3. ________ was getting me down. Mexico City is a city 4. ________ has a lot of attractions. As a result, I went out all the time and I stopped going to my classes. Bob helped me get back into my studies. He was a boy 5. ________ I met on a trip and 6. ________ home I visited frequently. He always told me stories 7. ________ were interesting and encouraging. Although we had different personalities (性格), we became the best of friends.‎ 答案 ‎【自我归纳】 物；定语 ‎【即学即练】‎ I. 1. My brother works for a magazine that / which is very popular in America.‎ ‎2. The boy who / that has a lot of friends is lucky.‎ ‎3. Linda is a girl whose friends depend on her.‎ ‎4. I took piano lessons from a woman who / that is my mother's friend.‎ ‎5. That's the house that / which I grew up in with my sister Emilia.‎ ‎6. Rome is a city that / which attracts a lot of tourists.‎ II. 1. who / that    2. whose       3. which / that       4. whom / that / who   ‎ ‎5. whose         6. who / whom / that  7. who / that      8. which / that III. 1. who / that   2. who / that  3. which / that       4. which / that   ‎ ‎5. whom / who / that    6. whose   7. which / that 如何写新闻报道 ‎【写作任务】‎ ‎5月25日，你校学生会组织了为西藏地震灾区捐款的活动。同学们踊跃参加，共筹得善款35000元。假如你是校英语报的记者李华，请按以下要点用英语写一则新闻报道。‎ ‎       1. 时间、地点、任务、活动；‎ ‎2. 同学们的反应。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎       2. 报道的标题和记者姓名已给出（不计入总词数）；‎ ‎       3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Students Donate Money to Disaster Area ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_‎ By Li Hua, School Newspaper ‎【写作指导】‎ 这是一篇新闻报道。新闻报道，就是对新近发生的事实的报道，一般包括五个部分：标题、导语、主体、背景、结语。‎ 一、标题。新闻的标题要提炼新闻事件的“精华”， 吸引读者阅读，同时要简洁。如果需要，可以在正标题下加上副标题。‎ 二、导语。导语是报道开头的第一段或第一句话，它扼要地揭示出报道的核心内容。‎ 三、主体。主体是报道的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步展开和阐释。‎ 四、背景。指某事件的历史背景、周围环境及与其它方面的联系等。‎ 五、结语。新闻报道的结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结或对新闻事件的发展趋势做出预测。‎ ‎       新闻报道的语言应具备以下几个特点：‎ 一、客观、具体、简练。新闻用事实说话，而事实不是抽象的，它由时间、地点、人物、事件经过、事件原因、结果等因素构成，因而新闻语言必须具体，应当少用抽象的概念。‎ 二、准确。新闻是反映客观事实的，不能含糊其词，不能模棱两可，不能夸大也不能缩小。‎ 三、简练。新闻要求快，要求迅速及时，这就决定了新闻语言要简明扼要、开门见山、直截了当。同时，要学会精选事实，让事实说话，把事情来龙去脉交代清楚，干净利落。‎ 就本篇写作而言，可以分为三段：‎ ‎       第一段：导语。概括报道的核心内容——5月25日学生会组织了为西藏地震灾区捐款的活动。‎ ‎       第二段：主体。详细介绍捐款活动的具体内容。‎ ‎       第三段：结语。对本次活动进行简短评论。‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Students Donate Money to Disaster Area On May 25, an activity to donate money to the disaster area in Tibet was held by the Students' Union in our school.‎ As we know, a big earthquake hit Nepal on April 25. And some houses in Tibet, which is close to Nepal, were destroyed in the accident. Therefore, to show our concern to the victims, all of the students in our school took part in the donation activity held in our library. It started from eight o'clock and lasted two hours. In the end, 35,000 yuan was collected and given to the Red Cross in our city.‎ We were very glad to give our pocket money away.‎ By Li Hua, School Newspaper ‎ ‎【范文点评】‎ ‎1. 文章条理清晰，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。‎ ‎2. 语言简练，同时show our concern，give away及As we know，which is close to Nepal等词汇与句型的使用，为文章增色添彩。‎ 单元综合知识运用 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Philadelphia (CNN) — Hazel Donnelly was taking her husband to the doctor when they got a call that their building was on fire.‎ Her first thought was about Kramer. “I don’t have children of my own, so my cat is like my child. I became very sad,” said Donnelly, 50. “What if he didn’t make it?”‎ Once she arrived home, Donnelly asked firefighters (消防员) to get her cat, but they were busy trying to control the fire. Then Red Paw Emergency Relief Team arrived. The organization helps pets and their owners for free when disaster strikes. Jen Leary, who set up the group, helped find the animals once the fire was out.‎ ‎“Everyone who received their pets started to cry,” said Donnelly.‎ No one was hurt, but the Donnellys’ building was badly damaged, and they weren’t sure where they were going to stay. Donnelly was excited to learn that Red Paw could provide free short-term care for Kramer, her 17-year-old cat.‎ ‎“When someone loses everything in a fire, they shouldn’t then be forced to lose their pets — their family members — as well,” Leary said. “Letting them know, ‘We’ll take care of your animal like it is our own’ means the world to people.”‎ After a big fire in 2011, Leary formed her organization. Since then, Leary and her group have provided help to nearly 1,000 animals and their families throughout southeastern Pennsylvania. Like the Red Cross, but for animals. ‎ Red Paw cared for the Donnellys’ cat for more than three weeks. “I cried when we were reunited,” said Donnelly. “They went above and beyond the call of duty. I am so thankful.”‎ For Leary, helping families and their pets is what her work is all about. “My hope is that it’s a start, and they can move forward together,” she said. “After going through such a sad thing, it’s so good to have a happy ending.”‎ ‎21. We can infer from the text that Kramer is _____.‎ A. Donnelly’s husband B. Donnelly’s child C. a firefighter D. a cat ‎22. What do we know about Red Paw?‎ A. It offers help to pets and their families.‎ B. It was set up by Hazel Donnelly.‎ C. It belongs to the Red Cross.‎ D. It saves people in disasters.‎ ‎23. The fire in the Donnellys’ building _____.‎ A. took many people’s lives B. caused great damage to the building C. left Donnelly seriously hurt D. led to the loss of a family member ‎24. Who looked after Kramer for a long time after the fire?‎ A. A doctor.                        B. Jen Leary.  ‎ C. Red Paw.                     D. The Red Cross B Welcome to Death Valley. The very name of this national park in eastern California might fill ‎ some people with dread, but you’re not afraid. You’re just out enjoying the desert sunshine. Besides, there’s nothing out here but some rocks. ‎ Some of the rocks in Death Valley weigh hundreds of pounds. And in the ground behind each rock is a mysterious trail (痕迹), as if the rock had been pushed along in the dirt. ‎ So who is moving the rocks? Nobody. It was nearly 100 years ago when these unusual “sailing stones” were first reported. People have been trying to find out the stones’ secret ever since. One early explanation was that winds were moving the stones. Other explanations have included animals, and, of course, aliens (外星人). ‎ Until the 1990s, one widely held theory was that the rocks were stuck in sheets (片) of ice that were being blown across the desert. (Death Valley does get cold enough for ice to form on some winter nights.) However, research later showed that to move such large ice sheets, the wind would have to blow at hundreds of miles per hour. There are strong winds in Death Valley — but not that strong.‎ Then, in 2006, a scientist named Ralph Lorenz came up with a new theory. He suggested that in the winter, thick ice forms around the rocks. When the ground begins to thaw (解冻), the rocks, wearing ice, sail along, leaving trails behind them. Lorenz put his theory to the test in his own kitchen. He dropped a rock into a dish, added a little water, and stuck the dish in his fridge. Later, he took out the rock and placed it in a dish of water with sand at the bottom. Sure enough, with just a breath, Lorenz was able to send the rock moving across the water — leaving a trail in the sand as it moved.‎ Has Lorenz solved the mystery of the sailing stones at last? Perhaps. On the other hand, neither Lorenz nor anyone else has ever actually seen the stones move. Maybe aliens are responsible after all. ‎ ‎25. The underlined word “dread” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_____”.‎ A. fear                       B. anger  ‎ C. surprise              D. excitement ‎26. According to the theory in the late 20th century, the rocks were probably moved by _____.‎ A. the ice                  B. the wind    ‎ C. aliens                    D. animals ‎27. What did Ralph Lorenz find?‎ A. The wind in Death Valley could reach a speed of 100 mph.‎ B. The rocks in Death Valley couldn’t move by themselves.‎ C. Death Valley could get cold enough for ice to form.‎ D. Water helped the rocks in Death Valley move.‎ C Dear friends and colleagues (同事) of Tom Blumenthal,‎ We are organizing a celebration honoring Tom’s research career (生涯). As you may know, his research lab in Boulder, Colorado will soon be closing, and he will be changing to a new stage of his career, focusing on (关注) the Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome. In order to mark this important moment, and to celebrate his many years as a great researcher, we invite you to a celebration on June 20-21, 2014 at the University of Boulder, Colorado. The program includes both scientific and social events. And there is no cost for the event.‎ Sincerely,‎ Members of the Organizing Committee ‎ Dear colleagues, ‎ It is my pleasure to invite you to join in the IFCC Worldlab 2014 Congress in Istanbul on June 22-26, 2014.‎ Excellent colleagues throughout the world will come together in what promises to be a very interesting and fruitful event. We believe that this Congress will provide a cutting-edge educational and scientific experience for you. The scientific program focuses on how important laboratory medicine services are to clinical (临床的) medicine and the health of patients and the public. ‎ With the support of the industry, we hope to achieve a successful organization, both scientifically and socially. A social program will provide an opportunity to travel around the attractive city of Istanbul and other interesting places of Turkey. ‎ Looking forward to meeting you in Istanbul.‎ Nazmi Ozer President, IFCC WorldLab 2014 Congress ‎28. There’s a special event on June 20-21, 2014 _____.‎ A. celebrating the opening of a research lab ‎ B. celebrating Tom Blumenthal’s birthday ‎ C. for the success of an organization ‎ D. for a researcher’s excellent work ‎29. What do we know about the IFCC Worldlab 2014 Congress?‎ A. It offers a valuable scientific experience to people.‎ B. It shows how the best labs in the world work.‎ C. It is designed for scientists in Turkey.‎ D. It discusses the importance of health.‎ ‎30. Both of the two letters are letters of _____.‎ A. praise                    B. thanks    ‎ C. invitation               D. congratulation D My wife, Nell, and I wanted to rent a car in Florida’s Tampa airport. When asked how I was going to pay, I opened my purse to get my credit card (信用卡). It wasn’t there! ‎ Nell and I looked at each other in shocked silence. Then, from the line behind us, a voice asked, “How much do you need?” When I said we would need $300 to get us through our first week, the kind man gave us the needed money. We discovered he and his wife were returning home to Toronto a couple of weeks later on the same flight as we were, so we made sure to see them to return the money and give them a gift to thank them.‎ I later found out I had left my card at a garage (加油站) in Toronto a week before our vacation. When I called the garage, they actually sent the card to us in Florida, where it arrived safely just a few days later.   ‎ Tom, North York, Ontario I travelled by bus to Halifax to visit my brother George. After he had met me at the terminal (终点站), we caught another bus to his house. We got off so quickly, though, that I forgot my purse. ‎ George ran after the bus but couldn’t catch up to it. ‎ Then I phoned the bus terminal to explain what had happened. Being in a city where I knew only a few people, I really didn’t think I’d ever see my purse and money again. But a few hours later there came a knock on the door. It was a security officer (保安), and he was holding my purse! ‎ ‎“A passenger gave it to our driver,” he said. And then he asked me to see if anything was missing; everything was still there. ‎ Connie, Antigonish, Nova Scotia ‎31. What happened to Tom?‎ A. His credit card didn’t work. ‎ B. He forgot to take his purse.‎ C. He ran into difficulty when travelling.‎ D. He had a fight with a man in the line.‎ ‎32. Who sent the card to Tom?  ‎ A. The garage.                    B. The airport.              ‎ C. The security officer.       D. The couple.‎ ‎33. Where did Connie lose her purse? ‎ A. On the first bus.             B. On the second bus.   ‎ C. At the terminal.              D. In the house.  ‎ ‎34. According to the text, both Tom and Connie _____.‎ A. met a kind person in a new city B. received a gift from a stranger ‎ C. missed their hometown  ‎ D. caught the same flight ‎35. What kind of feeling is expressed in both of the two stories?‎ A. Pity.                              B. Sadness.  ‎ C. Anger.                           D. Thankfulness.‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ A Birthday Surprise Nathan woke up early and raced into the kitchen. He saw his family preparing their breakfast just like every other day.  36  Where was his birthday cake? Did his family forget his special day? ‎ The doorbell rang. Nathan opened the door, but no one was there.  37  The note said that Nathan was going on a treasure hunt (寻宝活动), and he would need to find the clues (线索). “Treasure!” A big smile spread over Nathan’s face. He began to work out the clues.‎ The first clue was in the desert. Nathan was confused (困惑的).  38 There was the second clue. Nathan spent an hour following one clue after another. Finally, he got to the last note. All it said was, “Happy birthday!” There was no treasure! ‎ ‎ 39  Feeling very disappointed, he lay on his bed, thinking about what a boring day it was. ‎ ‎“Time for breakfast, Nathan,” shouted his mother. Nathan went downstairs with his head hung low. When he looked up, he saw the living room full of balloons.  40 “Happy birthday to you, happy birthday to you ...” from his back came the song. Turning around, Nathan saw his parents and friends coming out from the kitchen, holding a birthday cake and presents. What a birthday surprise!‎ A. And there was nobody.‎ B. Where were his birthday presents?‎ C. All he saw was a note on the ground.‎ D. He didn’t see the people quickly hiding.‎ E. Nathan slowly walked back to his house.‎ F. Nathan picked up the note and read it carefully.‎ G. Then he smiled and headed to his sister’s sandbox.‎ 第三部分： 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 ‎ Each of us has goals (目标) for life. Some of these may be long-term (长期的) or  41  lifetime ones, and other dreams or wishes for more immediate satisfaction.‎ Just as you  42  great pleasure when you’re trying to  43  short-term goals, there’s also power in having long-term and lifetime goals. Both  44  are valuable and serve each other. In order to be  45  in achieving a short- or long-term wish or goal, you must place your focus on the  46  result and train your mind on either a moment-to-moment, day-to-day, month-to-month, or year-to-year level.‎ For example,  47  a farmer is to plow (耕地) a straight line, he must keep his eye on a faraway point. If his attention is  48  just a few feet in front of him, he will not plow straight. So, in order for his field to be plowed straight, he must  49  and focus on his long-term goal.‎ Focusing on a long-term goal can  50  the energy to get things done in the  51 . For instance, when a runner sets a(n)  52  to run a mile, he’ll  53  be tired when he  54  the one-mile mark.  55  if this same runner sets a goal to run ten miles, he probably won’t even be sweating (出汗) upon  56  this same one-mile mark. If this very same runner was to set a goal to run 26 miles and keep his mind on the completion of this long  57 , not only wouldn’t he be sweating, but most likely he wouldn’t even be out of breath as he ran by the  58  mark.‎ Long-term goals,  59 , can’t be achieved without first achieving  60  goals. We may have a goal to climb a ladder (梯子), but we have to take one step at a time in order to reach the top.‎ ‎41. A. even                   B. just     C. also                         D. rather ‎42. A. understand          B. experience         C. explain                     D. welcome ‎43. A. set                      B. keep    C. prevent                    D. achieve ‎44. A. terms                  B. dreams       C. types                       D. thoughts ‎45. A. successful           B. special               C. interested                 D. different ‎46. A. important            B. certain               C. final                         D. happy ‎47. A. if                        B. when  C. although                   D. because ‎48. A. received              B. attracted     C. directed                    D. paid ‎49. A. correct               B. forget  C. believe                     D. know ‎50. A. choose                B. influence    C. report                      D. provide ‎ ‎51. A. dark                   B. present       C. end                          D. future ‎52. A. date                    B. story   C. goal                         D. example ‎53. A. probably             B. personally   C. partly                       D. quietly ‎54. A. remembers          B. reaches      C. discovers                D. records ‎55. A. And                    B. But     C. So                           D. Or ‎56. A. waiting for          B. searching for     C. preparing                 D. passing ‎57. A. race                    B. game   C. drive                        D. flight ‎58. A. twenty-six-mile    B. thirteen-mile      C. ten-mile                    D. one-mile ‎59. A. however             B. besides C. instead               D. therefore ‎60. A. lifetime               B. short-term  C. common                  D. big ‎ 第Ⅱ卷 第三部分： 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ My name is Mahnaz Bibi and I’m from a village of Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir. We used to live 61. ________ happy and comfortable life. I had my husband Mukhtar Ali and a son Mushahid Ali. Mushahid was the whole world for me.    ‎ ‎       On October 8, after feeding Mushahid I came out of my house to do some work outside. I 62. ________ (work) when the earth started shaking. I had never felt this kind of earthquake before, which made me quite 63. ________ (frighten). When I came to my senses I ran back to my house to save my son, 64. ________ was sleeping in the room. There was nothing 65. ________ the debris (残骸) of my house. I started crying 66. ________ (loud) and asked the neighbors 67. ________ (help) search for my son. Some villagers came to his 68. ________, but after hours of hard work, I lost my whole world. We buried him on the 9th of October and the area suffered 69. ________ heavy rain for the whole night.‎ ‎       A few days later we left our village, because there was nothing 70. ________ was left for us. We traveled a long distance over the mountains. In the end, we reached Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir and got shelter in the Ajaz Gillani Relief Tent Village.‎ 第四部分： 写作 （共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎       假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ ‎       增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ ‎       删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ ‎       修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ ‎       注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ My uncle drove his car meet his friends. When he found there was still some time leaving before the train had arrived, he wanted to take a short sleep. He was falling sleep when a woman came and asked him the time. He opened his eye and answered, “Half past eight.” With a “Thank you!” a woman left. On a short while this happened again. So my uncle wrote “I don’t know the time” on a piece of paper and put them on the window of the car. A few minutes late, an old man came and woke him up, “Hi, young man. I can tell you that time it is. It’s nine o’clock now.”‎ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎       假设你是李华，是一所国际学校广播站的英语播音员。为提高大家的防震意识，你校将举办一次地震演练。请你根据所提供的信息，用英语写一篇广播稿。‎ 地震演练 时间 下周二上午10:00—11:00‎ 参加人员 全体学生 要求 ‎① 班主任先召开班会，对学生进行指导；‎ ‎② 各班学生记住自己的疏散路线，听到信号立即开始疏散； ‎ ‎③ 最后班主任带领学生到操场集合；‎ ‎④ 各班抽出2名学生作为志愿者维持秩序。‎ ‎        注意: 1. 词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 参考词汇：演练drill；信号signal；集合gather Dear boys and girls, ‎ Attention, please! ‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ That’s all. Thank you. ‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎21-25 DABCA        26-30 BDDAC ‎31-35 CABAD           36-40 BCGEA             41-45 ABDCA ‎46-50 CACDD          51-55 BCABB              56-60 DADAB ‎61. a               62. was working       63. frightened        64. who      65. but ‎66. loudly         67. to help           68. rescue                69. from      70. that 短文改错：‎ ‎71. ... his car meet ...                  meet前加to ‎72. ... some time leaving ...         leaving → left ‎73. ... train had arrived ...           去掉had ‎74. ... was falling sleep ...           sleep → asleep ‎75. ... opened his eye ...           eye → eyes ‎76. ... a woman left.                 a → the ‎77. On a short while ...                On → In / After ‎78. ... put them on ...                   them → it ‎79. A few minutes late ...                 late → later ‎80. ... that time it is.                          that → what One possible version:‎ Dear boys and girls,‎ Attention, please!‎ An earthquake drill is to be held from 10:00 am to 11:00 am next Tuesday. All the students are ‎ required to take part in the drill. Class meetings should be held first to give the students some instructions on what to do when an earthquake occurs. It is important for students in each class to bear in mind your escape routes. On hearing the signal, students should escape immediately under the guidance of the class teacher. All the students are to gather in the playground. Two student volunteers should be chosen from each class to keep order during the drill.‎ That’s all. Thank you.‎