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Unit 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Section C Discovering Useful Structures
词汇一
charge
(
1
)
n.
收费;指控;主管 (
2
)
vt.
收费;控告;充电
◆教材原句
...where we could get our car battery charged.
……
在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。
◆要点必记
搭配
1 take charge of
主管;负责
free of charge
免费(
=for free
)
in/under the charge of
由
……
负责
/
掌管
搭配
2 charge sb. for sth.
因某事
/
某物向某人收费
charge sb. with sth. /doing sth.
指控某人(做)某事
比较: 人
+ in charge of +
事 事
+ in the charge of +
人
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
—How much do you charge me
it?
—No. In fact it is free
charge at the weekend.
(
2
)
He was charged
murder and sentenced to death.
◆单句写作
(
3
)[词汇复现]
The man
(负责)
the
gallery announced
that an exhibition of paintings would be held.
(
4
)
He is old
,
so his son will
(负责)
the farm.
(
5
)
The programme is
(由
……
负责
/
掌管)
Mr Zhang.
(
6
)[词汇复现]
The man
(被指控)
theft
,
but he made a
protest
.
(
7
)
Somehow they didn’t
us
(因
……
向
……
收费)
delivery this time.
for
of
with
in charge of
take charge of
in the charge of
was charged with
charge
for
词汇二
announce
vt.
宣布;通知;声称
◆教材原句
When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides
,
we heard it
announced
that there were no audio guides left.
当我们最终到达服务台询问语音导游时,我们听到服务台宣布没有语音导游了。
◆要点必记
announce sth. to sb. =announce to sb. sth.
向某人宣布某事
announce that...
宣布
……
As is announced...
据报道
……
It is announced that...
据报道
……
◆误区警示
announce sb. sth.
(
×
)
announce sth. to sb.
(√)
用法相同的动词还有
suggest
,
explain
,
report
,
say
等。
◆词语辨析
announce
与
declare
·
announce
指把人们关心或感兴趣的事公布于众;
·
declare
指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度等。
◆词语积累
announcement
n.
宣告,宣布;通知
make an announcement
宣布通告
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news
the reporters.
(
2
)
We are pleased
(
announce
)
that all five candidates are successful.
(
3
)
is announced in today’s newspaper
,
they have succeeded in solving many problems about the new technique.
(
4
)
She made her
(
announce
)
after talks with the president.
to
to announce
As
announcement
◆单句写作
(
5
)
They
(向我们宣布)
that they would publish a new book.
(
6
)
At the end of their meeting
,
(据宣布)
an agreement had been reached.
◆辨析填空(
announce/declare
)
(
7
)[
2013·
天津卷]
We have launched another man-made satellite
,
which is
in today’s newspaper.
(
8
)
Jane
that she would rather resign than change her decision.
announced to us
it was announced that
announced
declared
词汇三
amount
n.
金额;数量
◆教材原句
We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the
amount
of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.
我们发现自己对国家美术馆入口处的大量游客和噪音感到非常惊讶。
◆要点必记
a large/small amount of
大量的
/
少量的
……
(
+
不可数名词)
◆比一比
“许多、大量”的多种表达
(
1
)
A large amount of +
不可数名词
+
单数谓语动词
+
其他
.
Large amounts of +
不可数名词
+
复数谓语动词
+
其他
.
(
2
)
A large quantity of +
可数
/
不可数名词
+
单数谓语动词
+
其他
.
Large quantities of +
可数
/
不可数名词
+
复数谓语动词
+
其他
.
(3) A good/great many
(
A large/great number of
、
Quite a few
)
+
可数名词复数
+
复数谓语动词
+
其他
.
(
4
)
Many a +
可数名词单数
+
单数谓语 动词
+
其他
.
(
5
)
A lot of/ Lots of
(
Plenty of
)
+
可数名词复数
/
不可数名词
+
谓语动词
+
其他
.
(谓语动词的单复数根据
of
后的名词确定)
◆单句写作
(
1
) 他们在这个问题上花费了大量的时间。(
amount
)
————————————————————————————————
———————————————————————————————
They spent a large amount of time on this problem. /
They spent large amounts of time on this problem.
◆单句语法填空
(
2
)
With more forests being destroyed
,
a large amount of good earth
(
be
)
being washed away each year.
(
3
)
There
(
be
)
large amounts of valuable information about the Olympic Games.
(
4
)
To my disappointment
,
a large amount of money
(
waste
)
so far.
(
5
)
A number of high buildings
(
arise
)
where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
is
are
has been wasted
have arisen
词汇四
approach
(
1
)
n.
方法;途径;接近
(
2
)
vt.
接近;接洽;着手处理
vi.
靠近
◆教材原句
It was hard to
approach
the painting as there were so many people around.
因为周围有那么多人,很难接近那幅画。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
approach the house
走近房子
see/hear sb. /sth. approaching
看到
/
听到某人
/
某物接近
be easy/difficult to approach
容易接近
/
难以接近
approach the problem/matter
处理问题
(
2
)
the approach of...
……
的来临
at the approach of
在
……
快到的时候
an approach to
(
doing
)
sth.
(做)某事的方法(
to
是介词)
adopt/take an approach
采用一种方法
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
The best approach to
(
explore
)
the
puzzle
is to
keep your eyes open
.
(
2
)
Many kinds of birds fly south
the approach of winter.
(
3
)
All the approaches
the palace were guarded by troops.
(
4
)
The approach
the summer vacation brings the kids much happiness.
exploring
at
to
of
◆单句写作
(
5
)
The school has decided to
(采用一种不同的方法)
to discipline.
(
6
)
(
……
快到的时候)
the interview
,
he became rather nervous and upset.
(
7
)
John
,
a popular teacher
,
has
(一种
……
的方法)
making his literature classes lively.
(
8
)
The expert is a person
(容易接近)
.
adopt a different approach
At the approach of
an approach to
easy to approach
词汇五
ensure
vt.
保证;确保;担保
◆教材原句
She had a copy of the painting boxed to
ensure
that it was delivered safely.
她把这幅画的副本装在盒子里,以确保它能安全送达。
◆要点必记
ensure=make sure
确保
ensure the safety of
确保
……
的安全
ensure
(
that
)
…
确保
……
make sure of
确保
……
◆学法点拨
在日常英语中,人们一般说
make sure
,而不说
ensure
。
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
The hospital tries
(
ensure
)
that people are seen quickly.
(
2
)
These road facilities are used
(
ensure
)
the safety of cyclists.
◆单句写作
(
3
)
Please
(确保)
all the windows are closed. The storm is coming.
(
4
)
The police’s duty is to
(确保
……
的安全)
citizens.
to ensure
to ensure
make sure
ensure the safety of
词汇六
generous
adj.
(
1
)慷慨的,大方的 (
2
)丰富的
◆教材原句
Carl and his friends stayed with a
generous
family...
卡尔和他的朋友们住在一个慷慨的家庭里
……
◆要点必记
(
1
)
be generous to sb.
对某人慷慨
be generous with sth.
在某方面大方,不吝啬某物
It’s generous of sb. to do sth.
某人做某事真是慷慨。
(
2
)
generously
adv.
慷慨地,大方地
generosity
n.
慷慨,大方
mean
adj.
吝啬的,小气的
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
These volunteers are very generous
the old men.
(
2
)
The young man is very generous
his time in helping others.
(
3
)
It is generous of you
(
lend
)
your portable computer to me.
◆单句写作
(
4
)
He didn’t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead
,
he
(作出慷慨的捐赠)
to help the community.
(
5
)
(你真慷慨)
to share your food with me
,
Jack.
to
with
to lend
made a generous contribution
It is/was generous of you
词汇七
position
n.
位置;姿态;职位
◆教材原句
They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars
,
which were
positioned
on the hill.
他们站在山上,用相机和双筒望远镜眺望湖面。
◆要点必记
(
in
)
first/second position
第一名
/
第二名
in/out of position
在
/
不在适当的位置
put/place sb. in a good/an awkward position
使某人处于有利的
/
尴尬的境地
in a position of power/strength
处于有权力
/
有实力的地位
◆误区警示
当
position
,
situation
,
point
,
case
,
stage
等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时,定语从句常用
where
引导。
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
Ensure
that everything is
position when we come back to the room.
(
2
)
I’m sorry if I put you
an awkward position.
(
3
)
If a container catches liquid
,
it is in a position
the liquid falls into it.
◆单句写作
(
4
)
3
:
0
的胜利使这支足球队的排名升至第三。
The 3–0 win moved the football team up to
.
(
5
) 大家都就位了吗?
Is everybody
?
(
6
) 这使他和他的同事陷于困境。
This
him and his colleagues
.
in
in
where
third position
in position
put
in a difficult position
单元语法 过去分词(短语)作定语
分词概述
分词是动词的一种非谓语形式。分词有两种形式,一种是现在分词(
v.
-ing
),一种是过去分词(
v.
-ed
)。现在分词一般表示主动和进行,过去分词一般表示被动和完成。分词在句中可作定语、状语、补足语和表语。
要点一 过去分词(短语)作定语时的位置
◆要点必记
单个的过去分词作定语时,常放在被修饰词之前;过去分词短语作定语时,常放在被修饰词之后。
◆单句写作
(
1
)
It is not healthy to eat
(罐装食品)
.
(
2
)
The
(尴尬的父亲)
stood there saying nothing.
(
3
)
The problem
(在会议上被提及的)
needs considering.
(
4
)
The information
(他朋友所提供的)
is of great use.
canned food
embarrassed father
mentioned at the meeting
provided by his friend
要点二 过去分词作定语表示的语态和时间
◆要点必记
(
1
)及物动词的过去分词作定语,表示被 动和完成。
(
2
)不及物动词的过去分词作定语没有被动意义,只表示完成。
◆误区警示
某些表示人的情绪变化的使令性动词, 其过去分词作定语,表示人的某种心情、感受或者表情等,意为“
……
的”,这些动词的过去分词往往已经成为一个形容词了。
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
They’d like to rent a
(
furnish
)
house.
(
2
)
The police are searching for an
(
escape
)
prisoner.
(
3
)
I waved at the
(
excite
)
children and said goodbye to them.
(
4
)
His mother is a
(
retire
)
teacher and she is very patient with children.
(
5
)
There is a
(
satisfy
)
expression on her face. Clearly
,
the employee
,
left a good impression on her.
◆单句写作
(
6
)
(这位失望的母亲)
covered her face with her hands and began to cry.
(
7
)
The gardener began to pile up
(落叶)
.
(
8
)
His father once was
(一位受人尊敬的校长)
.
furnished
escaped
excited
retired
satisfied
The disappointed mother
the fallen leaves
a respected headmaster
要点三 过去分词(短语)作定语与定语从句的关系
◆要点必记
过去分词(短语)作定语时,相当于一个定语从句。
◆学法点拨
(
1
)个别单个的过去分词也可作后置 定语, 如
shown
,
adopted
,
left
,
given
,
involved
,
wanted
,
gained
,
concerned
等。
(
2
)过去分词修饰
something
,
everything
,
anything
,
nothing
,
nobody
等不定代词或指示代词
those
时,要放在这些词的后面。
◆误区警示
·
过去分词(
done
)表示动作已完成;
·
现在分词的被动式(
being done
)强调动作正在进行。
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
The works
(
show
)
at the exhibition are priceless.
(
2
)
He planned to use the money
(
leave
)
to buy a second-hand motorbike.
(
3
)
Our teacher asked us to use the words
(
give
)
to make up sentences.
(
4
)
The experience
(
gain
)
through this journey will help me get over difficulties in life in the future.
(
5
)
Is there anything
(
plan
)
for tonight?
(
6
)
If you have something
(
want
),
I will buy it for you.
(
7
)
The product
(
test
)
out now is from our company.
(
8
)
The problem
(
discuss
)
yesterday has something to do with our work.
shown
left
given
gained
planned
wanted
being
tested
being
discussed
◆单句写作
(
9
)
(所有相关的专家)
will attend the conference.
(
10
)
He is one of
(被邀请的人)
.
◆同义句转换
(
11
)
What do you think of the play which was put on by the students?
=What do you think of the play
?
(
12
)
The girl who is dressed in white will make a summary about the meeting.
=The girl
will make a summary about the meeting.
All the experts concerned
those
invited
put on by the students
dressed in white
过去分词作宾补
◆要点必记
过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的性质或状态,宾语与过去分词之间为被动关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词主要有两类:一类是感官动词,另一类是使役动词。在高中阶段过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种:
(
1
)用在表示某种状态的动词
keep
,
leave
等的宾语的后面
(
2
)“
have/get+
宾语
+
过去分词”的两 种含义:让别人做某事;遭遇某种不幸。
(
3
)在“
make+
宾语
+
过去分词”结构中 过去分词表示结果
(
4
)常用在感官动词
watch
,
see
,
hear
,
notice
,
feel
等的后面作宾语补足语;此外,
find
也有此用法
(
5
)用在
want
,
wish
,
like
,
expect
,
order
等 表示“希望、愿望、命令”的动词的后面作宾语补足语
(
6
)在“
with+
宾语
+
过去分词”结构中, 宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系
◆误区警示
现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别:
(
1
)用哪种形式
根据宾语和宾补之间的关系来确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。
主动关系
——
现在分词
被动关系
——
过去分词
(
2
)感官动词后的宾补
感官动词
hear
,
see
,
notice
,
feel
等既可以接分词也可以接省略
to
的动词不定式作宾补。
现在分词
——
主动、进行的动作
过去分词
——
被动、完成的动作
动词不定式
——
动作的全过程
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them
(
interest
)
in his lectures.
(
2
)
When we saw the road
(
block
)
with snow
,
we decided to spend the holiday at home.
(
3
)
The judges gave no hint of what they thought
,
so I left the room really
(
worry
)
.
(
4
)
Before driving into the city
,
you are required to get your car
(
wash
)
.
(
5
)
Even the best writers sometimes find themselves
(
lose
)
for words.
(
6
)
Now that we’ve discussed our problem
,
are people happy with the decisions
(
take
)
?
(
7
)
I heard them
(
sing
)
in the room when I passed by.
(
8
)
His parents saw him
(
award
)
the winner’s medal.
interested
blocked
worried
washed
lost
taken
singing
awarded
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