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新教材高中英语Unit4课件 人教版必修第二册

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Unit 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS Section C Discovering Useful Structures 词汇一   charge ( 1 ) n. 收费;指控;主管  ( 2 ) vt. 收费;控告;充电 ◆教材原句 ...where we could get our car battery charged. …… 在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。 ◆要点必记 搭配 1 take charge of 主管;负责 free of charge 免费( =for free ) in/under the charge of 由 …… 负责 / 掌管 搭配 2 charge sb. for sth. 因某事 / 某物向某人收费 charge sb. with sth. /doing sth. 指控某人(做)某事 比较: 人 + in charge of + 事 事 + in the charge of + 人 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) —How much do you charge me      it? —No. In fact it is free      charge at the weekend. ( 2 ) He was charged      murder and sentenced to death. ◆单句写作 ( 3 )[词汇复现] The man                (负责) the gallery announced that an exhibition of paintings would be held. ( 4 ) He is old , so his son will                (负责) the farm. ( 5 ) The programme is                     (由 …… 负责 / 掌管) Mr Zhang. ( 6 )[词汇复现] The man                (被指控) theft , but he made a protest . ( 7 ) Somehow they didn’t      us      (因 …… 向 …… 收费) delivery this time. for of with in charge of take charge of in the charge of was charged with charge for 词汇二   announce vt. 宣布;通知;声称 ◆教材原句 When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides , we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left. 当我们最终到达服务台询问语音导游时,我们听到服务台宣布没有语音导游了。 ◆要点必记 announce sth. to sb. =announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事 announce that... 宣布 …… As is announced... 据报道 …… It is announced that... 据报道 …… ◆误区警示 announce sb. sth. ( × ) announce sth. to sb. (√) 用法相同的动词还有 suggest , explain , report , say 等。 ◆词语辨析 announce 与 declare · announce 指把人们关心或感兴趣的事公布于众; · declare 指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度等。 ◆词语积累 announcement n. 宣告,宣布;通知 make an announcement 宣布通告 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news       the reporters. ( 2 ) We are pleased       ( announce ) that all five candidates are successful. ( 3 )      is announced in today’s newspaper , they have succeeded in solving many problems about the new technique. ( 4 ) She made her      ( announce ) after talks with the president. to to announce As announcement ◆单句写作 ( 5 ) They                (向我们宣布) that they would publish a new book. ( 6 ) At the end of their meeting ,                     (据宣布) an agreement had been reached. ◆辨析填空( announce/declare ) ( 7 )[ 2013· 天津卷] We have launched another man-made satellite , which is      in today’s newspaper. ( 8 ) Jane      that she would rather resign than change her decision. announced to us it was announced that announced declared 词汇三   amount n. 金额;数量 ◆教材原句 We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery. 我们发现自己对国家美术馆入口处的大量游客和噪音感到非常惊讶。 ◆要点必记 a large/small amount of 大量的 / 少量的 …… ( + 不可数名词) ◆比一比 “许多、大量”的多种表达 ( 1 ) A large amount of + 不可数名词 + 单数谓语动词 + 其他 . Large amounts of + 不可数名词 + 复数谓语动词 + 其他 . ( 2 ) A large quantity of + 可数 / 不可数名词 + 单数谓语动词 + 其他 . Large quantities of + 可数 / 不可数名词 + 复数谓语动词 + 其他 . (3) A good/great many ( A large/great number of 、 Quite a few ) + 可数名词复数 + 复数谓语动词 + 其他 . ( 4 ) Many a + 可数名词单数 + 单数谓语 动词 + 其他 . ( 5 ) A lot of/ Lots of ( Plenty of ) + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + 谓语动词 + 其他 . (谓语动词的单复数根据 of 后的名词确定) ◆单句写作 ( 1 ) 他们在这个问题上花费了大量的时间。( amount ) ———————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————— They spent a large amount of time on this problem. / They spent large amounts of time on this problem.   ◆单句语法填空 ( 2 ) With more forests being destroyed , a large amount of good earth       ( be ) being washed away each year. ( 3 ) There      ( be ) large amounts of valuable information about the Olympic Games. ( 4 ) To my disappointment , a large amount of money      ( waste ) so far. ( 5 ) A number of high buildings      ( arise ) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. is are has been wasted have arisen 词汇四   approach ( 1 ) n. 方法;途径;接近   ( 2 ) vt. 接近;接洽;着手处理 vi. 靠近 ◆教材原句 It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around. 因为周围有那么多人,很难接近那幅画。 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) approach the house 走近房子 see/hear sb. /sth. approaching 看到 / 听到某人 / 某物接近 be easy/difficult to approach 容易接近 / 难以接近 approach the problem/matter 处理问题 ( 2 ) the approach of... …… 的来临 at the approach of 在 …… 快到的时候 an approach to ( doing ) sth. (做)某事的方法( to 是介词) adopt/take an approach 采用一种方法 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 )[词汇复现] The best approach to      ( explore ) the puzzle is to keep your eyes open . ( 2 ) Many kinds of birds fly south      the approach of winter. ( 3 ) All the approaches      the palace were guarded by troops. ( 4 ) The approach      the summer vacation brings the kids much happiness. exploring at to of ◆单句写作 ( 5 ) The school has decided to                     (采用一种不同的方法) to discipline. ( 6 )                     ( …… 快到的时候) the interview , he became rather nervous and upset. ( 7 ) John , a popular teacher , has                (一种 …… 的方法) making his literature classes lively. ( 8 ) The expert is a person                (容易接近) . adopt a different approach At the approach of an approach to easy to approach 词汇五   ensure vt. 保证;确保;担保 ◆教材原句 She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely. 她把这幅画的副本装在盒子里,以确保它能安全送达。 ◆要点必记 ensure=make sure 确保 ensure the safety of 确保 …… 的安全 ensure ( that ) … 确保 …… make sure of 确保 …… ◆学法点拨 在日常英语中,人们一般说 make sure ,而不说 ensure 。 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) The hospital tries       ( ensure ) that people are seen quickly. ( 2 ) These road facilities are used      ( ensure ) the safety of cyclists. ◆单句写作 ( 3 ) Please           (确保) all the windows are closed. The storm is coming. ( 4 ) The police’s duty is to                      (确保 …… 的安全) citizens. to ensure to ensure make sure ensure the safety of 词汇六   generous adj. ( 1 )慷慨的,大方的 ( 2 )丰富的 ◆教材原句 Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family... 卡尔和他的朋友们住在一个慷慨的家庭里 …… ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨 be generous with sth. 在某方面大方,不吝啬某物 It’s generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨。 ( 2 ) generously adv. 慷慨地,大方地  generosity n. 慷慨,大方 mean adj. 吝啬的,小气的 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) These volunteers are very generous      the old men. ( 2 ) The young man is very generous      his time in helping others. ( 3 ) It is generous of you      ( lend ) your portable computer to me. ◆单句写作 ( 4 ) He didn’t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead , he                     (作出慷慨的捐赠) to help the community. ( 5 )                          (你真慷慨) to share your food with me , Jack. to with to lend made a generous contribution It is/was generous of you 词汇七   position n. 位置;姿态;职位 ◆教材原句 They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars , which were positioned on the hill. 他们站在山上,用相机和双筒望远镜眺望湖面。 ◆要点必记 ( in ) first/second position 第一名 / 第二名 in/out of position 在 / 不在适当的位置 put/place sb. in a good/an awkward position 使某人处于有利的 / 尴尬的境地 in a position of power/strength 处于有权力 / 有实力的地位 ◆误区警示 当 position , situation , point , case , stage 等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时,定语从句常用 where 引导。 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 )[词汇复现] Ensure that everything is      position when we come back to the room. ( 2 ) I’m sorry if I put you      an awkward position. ( 3 ) If a container catches liquid , it is in a position      the liquid falls into it. ◆单句写作 ( 4 ) 3 : 0 的胜利使这支足球队的排名升至第三。 The 3–0 win moved the football team up to            . ( 5 ) 大家都就位了吗? Is everybody            ? ( 6 ) 这使他和他的同事陷于困境。 This      him and his colleagues                  . in in where third position in position put in a difficult position 单元语法 过去分词(短语)作定语 分词概述 分词是动词的一种非谓语形式。分词有两种形式,一种是现在分词( v. -ing ),一种是过去分词( v. -ed )。现在分词一般表示主动和进行,过去分词一般表示被动和完成。分词在句中可作定语、状语、补足语和表语。 要点一 过去分词(短语)作定语时的位置 ◆要点必记 单个的过去分词作定语时,常放在被修饰词之前;过去分词短语作定语时,常放在被修饰词之后。 ◆单句写作 ( 1 ) It is not healthy to eat           (罐装食品) . ( 2 ) The          (尴尬的父亲) stood there saying nothing. ( 3 ) The problem              (在会议上被提及的) needs considering. ( 4 ) The information               (他朋友所提供的) is of great use. canned food embarrassed father mentioned at the meeting provided by his friend 要点二 过去分词作定语表示的语态和时间 ◆要点必记 ( 1 )及物动词的过去分词作定语,表示被 动和完成。 ( 2 )不及物动词的过去分词作定语没有被动意义,只表示完成。 ◆误区警示 某些表示人的情绪变化的使令性动词, 其过去分词作定语,表示人的某种心情、感受或者表情等,意为“ …… 的”,这些动词的过去分词往往已经成为一个形容词了。 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) They’d like to rent a       ( furnish ) house. ( 2 ) The police are searching for an       ( escape ) prisoner. ( 3 ) I waved at the      ( excite ) children and said goodbye to them. ( 4 ) His mother is a      ( retire ) teacher and she is very patient with children. ( 5 ) There is a       ( satisfy ) expression on her face. Clearly , the employee , left a good impression on her. ◆单句写作 ( 6 )                 (这位失望的母亲) covered her face with her hands and began to cry. ( 7 ) The gardener began to pile up              (落叶) . ( 8 ) His father once was                 (一位受人尊敬的校长) . furnished escaped excited retired satisfied The disappointed mother the fallen leaves a respected headmaster 要点三 过去分词(短语)作定语与定语从句的关系 ◆要点必记 过去分词(短语)作定语时,相当于一个定语从句。 ◆学法点拨 ( 1 )个别单个的过去分词也可作后置 定语, 如 shown , adopted , left , given , involved , wanted , gained , concerned 等。 ( 2 )过去分词修饰 something , everything , anything , nothing , nobody 等不定代词或指示代词 those 时,要放在这些词的后面。 ◆误区警示 · 过去分词( done )表示动作已完成; · 现在分词的被动式( being done )强调动作正在进行。 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) The works      ( show ) at the exhibition are priceless. ( 2 ) He planned to use the money      ( leave ) to buy a second-hand motorbike. ( 3 ) Our teacher asked us to use the words      ( give ) to make up sentences. ( 4 ) The experience      ( gain ) through this journey will help me get over difficulties in life in the future. ( 5 ) Is there anything      ( plan ) for tonight? ( 6 ) If you have something      ( want ), I will buy it for you. ( 7 ) The product       ( test ) out now is from our company. ( 8 ) The problem       ( discuss ) yesterday has something to do with our work.   shown left given gained planned wanted being tested being discussed ◆单句写作 ( 9 )              (所有相关的专家) will attend the conference. ( 10 ) He is one of          (被邀请的人) . ◆同义句转换   ( 11 ) What do you think of the play which was put on by the students? =What do you think of the play                  ? ( 12 ) The girl who is dressed in white will make a summary about the meeting. =The girl           will make a summary about the meeting.   All the experts concerned those invited put on by the students dressed in white 过去分词作宾补 ◆要点必记 过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的性质或状态,宾语与过去分词之间为被动关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词主要有两类:一类是感官动词,另一类是使役动词。在高中阶段过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种: ( 1 )用在表示某种状态的动词 keep , leave 等的宾语的后面 ( 2 )“ have/get+ 宾语 + 过去分词”的两 种含义:让别人做某事;遭遇某种不幸。 ( 3 )在“ make+ 宾语 + 过去分词”结构中 过去分词表示结果 ( 4 )常用在感官动词 watch , see , hear , notice , feel 等的后面作宾语补足语;此外, find 也有此用法 ( 5 )用在 want , wish , like , expect , order 等 表示“希望、愿望、命令”的动词的后面作宾语补足语 ( 6 )在“ with+ 宾语 + 过去分词”结构中, 宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系 ◆误区警示 现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别: ( 1 )用哪种形式 根据宾语和宾补之间的关系来确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。 主动关系 —— 现在分词 被动关系 —— 过去分词 ( 2 )感官动词后的宾补 感官动词 hear , see , notice , feel 等既可以接分词也可以接省略 to 的动词不定式作宾补。 现在分词 —— 主动、进行的动作 过去分词 —— 被动、完成的动作 动词不定式 —— 动作的全过程 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them      ( interest ) in his lectures. ( 2 ) When we saw the road      ( block ) with snow , we decided to spend the holiday at home. ( 3 ) The judges gave no hint of what they thought , so I left the room really      ( worry ) . ( 4 ) Before driving into the city , you are required to get your car       ( wash ) . ( 5 ) Even the best writers sometimes find themselves      ( lose ) for words. ( 6 ) Now that we’ve discussed our problem , are people happy with the decisions      ( take ) ? ( 7 ) I heard them      ( sing ) in the room when I passed by. ( 8 ) His parents saw him      ( award ) the winner’s medal. interested blocked worried washed lost taken singing awarded