2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit4Makingthenews单元学案（29页word版） 35页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit 4Making the news单元学案 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.　　　　vt.获得;取得;学到 ‎ ‎2.　　　　vt.帮助;协助;援助 ‎ ‎3.　　　　vt.指责;控告;谴责 ‎ ‎4.　　　　vt.出版;发行;公布;发表 ‎ ‎5.　　　　vt.加工;处理 ‎ n.过程;步骤 ‎6.　　　　 n.情况;病例;案例 ‎ ‎7.　　　　 n.编辑 ‎ ‎8.　　　　 n.部;部门;处;系 ‎ ‎9.　　　　adj.有天赋的 ‎ ‎10.　　　　adj.精确的;正确的 ‎ ‎11.　　　　adj. 快乐的;欣喜的 ‎ ‎12.　　　　adj.渴望的;热切的 ‎ ‎13.　　　　vt.告知;通知 ‎ 阅读词汇 ‎1.submit vt.　　　　　 ‎ ‎2.update vt.　　　　　 ‎ ‎3.polish vt.　　　　　 ‎ ‎4.amateur n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎5.deadline n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎6.dilemma n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎7.journalist n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎8.crime n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎9.photograph n.&vt.　　　　　 ‎ ‎10.technical adj.　　　　　 ‎ ‎11.sceptical adj.　　　　　 ‎ ‎12.chief adj. & n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎13.admirable adj. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎14.thorough adj. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎15.negative n.&adj. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎16.deliberately adv. 　　　　　 ‎ 拓展词汇 ‎1.　　　　adj.快乐的;欣喜的→　　　　adj.使人快乐的→　　　　 v.使快乐n.快乐 ‎ ‎2.　　　　 vi. &vt.集中;聚集→　　　　 n.专心 ‎ ‎3.　　　　vt.评估;评定→　　　　 n.评价;评定 ‎ ‎4.　　　　vt.告知;通知→　　　　 n.信息 ‎ ‎5.　　　　 n.需要;要求vt.强烈要求→　　　　adj.要求很高的;费力的 ‎ ‎6.　　　　vt.赞成;批准;认可→　　　　 n.赞成;认可 ‎ ‎7.　　　　adj.值得赞扬的;令人钦佩的→　　　　vt.赞扬;钦佩 ‎ ‎8.　　　　adj.不同寻常的;独特的→　　　　adv. 不寻常地;意想不到地 ‎ ‎9.　　　　 n.职业;专业→　　　　adj.专业的;职业的n.专业人员 ‎ ‎10.　　　　adj.渴望的;热切的→　　　　adv. 渴望地 ‎ ‎11.　　　　adv. 故意地→　　　　adj.故意的 ‎ ‎12.　　　　adj.犯罪的;有罪的;内疚的→　　　　 n.罪行 ‎ ‎13.　　　　adj.彻底的;详尽的→　　　　adv. 彻底地 ‎ ‎14.　　　　 n.约会;任命→　　　　vt.任命;委派 ‎ 二、高频短语 ‎1.　　　　　　集中;全神贯注于 ‎ ‎2.　　　　　　因……指责或控告…… ‎ ‎3.　　　　　　依靠;依赖 ‎ ‎4.　　　　　　 be eager to do sth. ‎ ‎5.　　　　　　ahead of ‎ ‎6.　　　　　　so as to do sth. ‎ 三、经典句型 ‎1.　　　　　　　　　　　　(周阳永远不会忘记) his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. ‎ ‎2.His discussion with his new boss,Hu Xin(HX), 　　　　　　(强烈影响了) his life as a journalist. ‎ ‎3.Not only 　　　　　　　　　(我对摄影感兴趣), but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills. ‎ ‎4.Only if　　　　　　　　　(你问很多不同的问题) will you acquire all the information you need to know. ‎ ‎5.A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(好让另一队赢球). ‎ 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写(注意单词或短语的形式变化)‎ ‎1.I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didn’t 　　　(同意). ‎ ‎2.We must work hard to　　　(获得) a good knowledge of English. ‎ ‎3.The Spring Festival Gala will start in ten minutes.　　　(其间) we’ll have some tea.  ‎ ‎4.He didn’t finish his homework on time　　　(故意地), which made his teacher quite angry.  ‎ ‎5.He forms the habit of using calendars to write down important things, such as meetings or the doctor’s 　　　(约会;预约). ‎ ‎6.Mo Yan said he was　　　(高兴) to have won the Nobel Prize for Literature. ‎ ‎7.I was　　　(告知) that China’s first lunar rover had begun a three-month scientific exploration of the moon’s surface. ‎ ‎8.All people in China were excited in the　　　(过程) of the soft lunar landing.  ‎ ‎9.We have asked our service department to have a 　　　(详尽的)investigation into the complaint. ‎ ‎10.Jacky Chen is　　　(有天赋的) at kung fu. ‎ ‎11.Would you like to have your writing 　　　(出版) in this magazine?  ‎ ‎12.We were praised by the boss because we finished the task 　　　　　　(在……前面) time. ‎ ‎13.Whether you can deal with the problem or not　　　　　　 (取决于)your attitude towards it. ‎ ‎14.They are　　　　　　(控告) organizing and financing an underground youth movement. ‎ ‎15.All these college admission letters should be mailed immediately　　　　　　　　　(为了)be received in time.  ‎ ‎16.We hoped to be　　　　　　(通知)his arrival time in order to arrange a hotel for him before he arrived.  ‎ ‎17.It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. 　　　　　　　　　(同时) ,I’ll set the table.  ‎ ‎18.A racking headache made him unable to 　　　　　　(全神贯注于) his study.  ‎ ‎19.He 　　　　　　　　　(渴望) find a well-paid job at present. ‎ ‎(二)单句填空 ‎1.The camps have excellent horses, 　　　 (profession) guides and lots of support workers. ‎ ‎2.To my 　　　 I took first place in the competition. My parents were 　　　 to know about it. (delight) ‎ ‎3.　　　to the position of CEO of the company, Tom led a busy life. He often had　　　with foreign customers every day. (appoint) ‎ ‎4.We went to the gallery last weekend and all the artists are very　　　. In other words, we admired the artists for their　　　 skills. (admire) ‎ ‎5.As an　　　, John assisted me with the research. His 　　　 made many experiments go on well. (assist) ‎ ‎6.Football players need total　　　during the match. If they are not 　　　 on playing, they may miss the ball and get defeated. (concentrate) ‎ 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.无论遇到什么困难,我永远不会放弃。(倒装句)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　 whatever happens.  ‎ ‎2.广告不仅让我们了解最新的产品而且还很有娱乐性。(not only...but also倒装结构)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　 the latest products, but also they are entertaining.  ‎ ‎3.你弟弟既聪明又勤奋,他一定会成功的。(不定式表将来)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　because he is wise and hardworking. ‎ ‎4.下面是一些如何提高英语水平的建议。(here)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　on how to improve English. ‎ 答案精解精析 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.acquire　2.assist　3.accuse　4.publish　5.process ‎6.case　7.editor　8.department　9.gifted　10.accurate ‎11.delighted　12.eager　13.inform 阅读词汇 ‎1.递交;呈递(文件等)　2.更新;使现代化　3.擦亮;磨光;润色　4.业余爱好者　5.最后期限　6.窘境;(进退两难的)困境　7.记者;新闻工作者　8.罪行;犯罪　9.照片;给……照相　10.技术(上)的;技巧方面的　11.怀疑的　12.主要的;首席的;首领;长官　13.值得赞扬的;令人钦佩的　14.彻底的;详尽的　15.否定;消极的　‎ ‎16.故意地 拓展词汇 ‎1.delighted;delightful;delight　2.concentrate;concentration ‎3.assess;assessment　4.inform;information　5.demand;demanding ‎6.approve;approval　7.admirable;admire　8.unusual;unusually ‎9.profession;professional　10.eager;eagerly　11.deliberately;deliberate ‎12.guilty;guilt　13.thorough;thoroughly　14.appointment;appoint 二、高频短语 ‎1.concentrate on　2.accuse...of　3.depend on　4.渴望做某事　5.在……前面　6.为了做某事 三、经典句型 ‎1.Never will Zhou Yang forget　2.was to strongly influence ‎3.am I interested in photography　4.you ask many different questions ‎5.so as to let the other team win 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写 ‎1.approve　2.acquire　3.Meanwhile　4.deliberately　5.appointment ‎6.delighted　7.informed　8.process　9.thorough　10.gifted　11.published ‎12.ahead of　13.depends on　14.accused of　15.so as to　16.informed of ‎17.In the meanwhile　18.concentrate on　19.is eager to ‎(二)单句填空 ‎ ‎1.professional　2.delight;delighted　3.Appointed;appointments ‎4.admirable;admirable　5.assistant;assistance ‎6.concentration;concentrated 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.Never will I give up　2.Not only do advertisements keep us informed of　3.Your brother is to succeed　4.Here come/are some suggestions 单元综合知识运用检测 阅读理解 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ A ‎(2018·辽宁名校联考)‎ Shakespeare's Birthplace and Exhibition Henley Street, StratforduponAvon Tel: 01789 204016‎ Shakespeare's birthplace was the childhood home of William Shakespeare. Take a step back in time and see what life was like for the young Shakespeare growing up in StratforduponAvon. The house has been exactly furnished, and includes both original and copy items similar to those which would have been there in the house when Shakespeare was a boy. Beautiful painted cloths hang on the walls, brightly colored fabrics fill the rooms and his father's glove workshop has been recreated. At the back of the house is a beautiful garden containing many plants, herbs and flowers mentioned in Shakespeare's plays.‎ The neighboring exhibition shows Shakespeare's life and focuses on many rare local items connected with him, as well as a copy of the first edition of his collected plays published in 1623.‎ ‎◎Limited disabled access ‎ ‎◎Many restaurants close to Shakespeare's birthplace ‎◎Town center parking ‎◎Gift shops ‎ ‎◎Allow at least 45 minutes to visit the house and the exhibition Adult ￡6.70　Child ￡2.60　Family ￡15.00‎ Summer Mid Winter Jun.－Aug.‎ Apr.－May ‎ Sep.－Oct.‎ Nov.－Mar.‎ open Last ‎ Entry Open Last ‎ Entry Open Last ‎ Entry Monday－‎ Saturday ‎9 am ‎5：30 pm ‎10 am ‎5 pm ‎10 am ‎4 pm Sunday ‎9：30 am ‎6 pm ‎10 am ‎5：30 pm ‎10：30 am ‎4 pm 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了莎士比亚故居及相应的对外开放时间。‎ ‎21．How much would they pay if a couple with their two children visit the exhibition?‎ A．￡5.2.　　　　　　　　 B．￡13.4.‎ C．￡15. D．￡18.6.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。结合题干可知，是一家人去参观莎士比亚故居，结合文章图表中的“Family ￡15.00”可知，一家人去参观需要￡15。‎ ‎22．What is the deadline to enter the exhibition on Friday in July?‎ A．4 pm.　　　　　　　　 B．5 pm.‎ C．5：30 pm. D．6 pm.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章图表时间“Jun.－Aug.”和对应的“Monday－Saturday”并结合题干可知，7月的周五参观莎士比亚故居最迟的时间是下午5点30分。‎ ‎23．What can we see in Shakespeare's birthplace?‎ A．Old furniture.　　　　　　　　 B．Ancient restaurants.‎ C．Colored gloves. D．Shakespeare's plays.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段的第三句“The house has been exactly furnished, and includes both original and copy items similar to those which would have been there in the house when Shakespeare was a boy”可知，在莎士比亚故居可以看到一些保留下来的旧家具，故选A。‎ B ‎(2018·青岛质检)Sunitha Suresh was a college student when her grandmother had a major operation and was put in intensive care (特别护理) with three other ‎ patients. This meant her family couldn't always be with her. They decided to put her favorite Indian music on an iPod, so she could listen around the clock.‎ Sunitha could see the music relaxed her grandmother and made her feel less anxious, but she wondered if she also felt less pain. That would make sense because anxiety can make people more sensitive to pain. At the time Sunitha was majoring in biomedical engineering at Northwestern University where her father, Santhanam Suresh, is a professor. So father and daughter decided to work together on a study.‎ It was a small study, with 60 patients between 9 and 14 years old taking part in it. All the patients, who were children, had big operations that required them to stay in hospital for at least a couple of days. Right after their operations, the patients took medicine to control pain. The next day they were divided into three groups. One group listened to 30 minutes of music of their choice, one listened to 30 minutes of stories of their choice and one listened to 30 minutes of silence via noise canceling headphones.‎ To measure pain, the researchers presented a smiling, frowning (皱眉) and crying face. The children pointed to which picture best showed their level of pain before and after they listened to music, stories and silence. After a 30minute session, the children who listened to music or stories reduced their pain burden by 1 point on a 10point scale (级别) compared to the children who listened to silence. That might not sound like much, but Sunitha says it equals to pain medication like Advil or Tylenol.‎ Children don't tolerate such medication as well as adults. They are smaller and are more likely to suffer side effects from pain medication such as trouble breathing and feeling of disgust. So the less pain medication, the better.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。听音乐可以让人们感到不太焦虑，从而减轻手术后的痛苦。‎ ‎24．What made Sunitha start the study?‎ A．Her grandmother's desire for music.‎ B．Her majoring in biomedical engineering.‎ C．Her grandmother's listening to music after the operation.‎ D．Her sympathy for patients who suffered from illnesses.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sunitha could see the music relaxed her grandmother and made her feel less anxious, but she wondered if she also felt less pain”可知，她祖母在手术后听音乐的经历使她开始做这项研究。‎ ‎25．How did Sunitha and her father draw the conclusion?‎ A．By observing.　　　　 　 　 B．By making comparison.‎ C．By asking questions. D．By analyzing causes.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，研究者主要是通过对比三组实验对象在听了音乐、故事或静音后对疼痛的感知程度来判断他们所采取的方式是否有助于减轻痛苦来得出结论的。‎ ‎26．What do we know about the research?‎ A．It is of greater benefit to children.‎ B．It should also be conducted on adults.‎ C．It shows children suffer more from pain medication.‎ D．It finds more and more children are on pain medication.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，孩子们从该研究中受益更多。‎ ‎27．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Reaching for your playlist to ease pain B．Sunitha does an experiment with her father C．Sunitha's grandmother likes to listen to music D．Stopping using pain medication on children 解析：选A　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Sunitha和她父亲的一项研究表明，听音乐可以帮助减轻痛苦。‎ C Jack Ma：Asia's richest man just became $2.8bn richer in one day Jack Ma's net worth increased by $2.8bn overnight as Alibaba forecast sales growth that topped every analyst's estimate on June 8,2017, despite the fact that China's economy is slowing down.‎ Mr Ma, aged 52 this year, is now the richest person in Asia and the 14th wealthiest in the world, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index. His net worth has climbed $8.5bn this year to $41.8bn.‎ The latest surge came after China's largest ecommerce company forecast 45 to 49 per cent revenue (收入) growth in the year ending March, demonstrating how investments in online shopping are paying off. Shares in Alibaba, where Mr Ma is chairman, rose 13 per cent to a record high.‎ Alibaba and Tencent, which dominate online shopping and social media respectively, have ventured (冒险) deeper into new areas from cloud computing services to streaming music and video as the country's economy slows. Alibaba is capturing more digital advertising spending by incorporating (吸收) social elements such as video in its shopping sites.‎ Alibaba is holding meetings with investors this week. On Friday, the former English teacher said he wasn't going to discuss corporate forecasts. He took the stage instead to describe how his company had become effectively the world's 22nd largest economy — just after Argentina — in terms of transactions (交易) by never fearing to think big. Mr Ma, who said Alibaba revised 10year plans annually, foresaw the company becoming the fifthlargest eventually by 2036 by serving burgeoning (迅速发展) Chinese middle classes, taking advantage of global trade and making use of its valuable data.‎ Ma's comments about the evolution of datadriven technology echoed those of Masayoshi Son, chairman of Japan's SoftBank. SoftBank — Alibaba's largest shareholder — has invested billions in companies such as ARM with the intention of staking out a leading position in the future Internet of Things.‎ ‎“The Internet of Things is going to be big because in the past, machines ‘drank’ electricity，” Mr Ma told investors. “In the next 20 years, machines will ‘drink’ data. In the future, no company, no country, no business can survive without data.”‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了阿里巴巴集团股票股价上涨13%，使董事长马云净身家在一天之内增加28亿美元，成为亚洲首富的故事。‎ ‎28．The text is intended to tell us that ________.‎ A．China's economy is not satisfying B．Jack Ma has become Asia's richest man C．online shopping grows rapidly worldwide D．Alibaba is the largest company in the world 解析：选B　主旨大意题。通览全文可知，本文介绍了阿里巴巴集团股票股价上涨13%，使董事长马云净身家在一天之内增加28亿美元，成为亚洲首富的故事。故选B项。‎ ‎29．The underlined word “surge” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．‎ A．sudden increase B．rapid decline C．dead time D．uncertainty 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Jack Ma's net worth increased by $2.8bn overnight”和第三段中的“China's largest ecommerce company forecast 45 to 49 per cent revenue (收入) growth in the year ending March”可以推测画线词意为“急剧上升”。‎ ‎30．What do we know about Alibaba?‎ A．It is China's largest social media company.‎ B．It makes profits mainly from digital advertising.‎ C．It is providing cloud computing services.‎ D．It is new to streaming music and video.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“Alibaba and Tencent, which dominate online shopping and social media respectively, have ventured (冒险) deeper into new areas from cloud computing services to streaming music and video ...”可知，由于国家经济下滑，阿里巴巴已进军云计算服务领域。‎ ‎31．What does Jack Ma stress in the last paragraph?‎ A．The investment of global trade.‎ B．The importance of data.‎ C．The necessity of sharing information.‎ D．The future of the Internet of Things.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“In the future, no company, no country, no business can survive without data.”可知，在将来，任何公司的发展和存在都离不开数据，因此他强调了“data”的重要性。‎ D When I was in the fifth grade and Mr. Gardner asked a question, my hand would shoot up with great enthusiasm. After giving me a few chances, he would try to give other students a chance. My hand, though, would remain in the air, and after some time, I'd start waving it around. Then, there was the time when I entered drumming classes. But all we were allowed to do in the first class was practise one beat over and over again. I never went back.‎ I would have done terribly in the Stanford Marshmallow (果浆软糖) Experiment. In this classic study, researchers gave children a choice between one marshmallow right away and two later. The results showed that those who could wait 15 minutes ended up scoring 210 points higher on the SAT, an examination that American high school students take before they go to college.‎ So clearly, delaying gratification or bearing up under pain has its benefits. It needs patience. Patience keeps us from being stuck to ideas formed previously, and helps us let go of our strong interest in outcomes. We come to accept that we don't always or immediately know what is best, and learn to recognize that our reality is in constant changes. Patience improves our understanding of deeper truths and helps us expand our views.‎ The journey of patience is rooted in knowing that our present reality will finally give way to changes. But changes won't always happen when we think they should, and patience with ourselves comes from accepting that there are things we can control and things we can't. And though we must make great efforts to keep pushing the boundaries of our awareness and to improve our ability to rest comfortably in the present moment, how fast we develop isn't up to us.‎ That same fifth grader who couldn't wait to speak out answers now sees the importance of meeting questions with a heart of patience.‎ 语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。作者结合自己的经历说明了耐心的重要性。‎ ‎32．Why did the author wave his hand in class?‎ A．To entertain himself.‎ B．To show his impatience.‎ C．To give other students a chance.‎ D．To let others know he was clever.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，作者不停地挥舞手臂是因为举了一段时间手后，老师还不让他回答问题，他这样做是因为不耐烦了。‎ ‎33．What's the purpose of the Stanford Marshmallow Experiment?‎ A．To test children's concentration levels.‎ B．To test how children like marshmallows.‎ C．To test patience and its potential advantages.‎ D．To test the bond between patience and desire.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The results showed that those who could wait 15 minutes ended up scoring 210 points higher on the SAT, an examination that American high school students take before they go to college”可知，这个果浆软糖实验的目的是为了测试耐心在孩子们的后期智力发展中可能存在的优势。‎ ‎34．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “gratification” in Paragraph 3?‎ A．Progress. B．Patience.‎ C．Judgement. D．Satisfaction.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据该词前的delaying可知，该词的意思与第二段中的“In this classic study, researchers gave children a choice between one marshmallow right away and two later”有关，根据该句可知，延迟的是满足感，故gratification的意思与satisfaction相近。‎ ‎35．What is the main reason for people to have patience according to the text?‎ A．Present reality.‎ B．Constant changes.‎ C．A lack of selfcontrol.‎ D．A strong interest in outcomes.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“learn to recognize that our reality is in constant changes”和倒数第二段中的“The journey of patience is rooted in knowing that our present reality will finally give way to changes”可知，不断变化是我们需要有耐心的原因。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ Five simple things that are actually complex The proof for “1＋1＝2” is 300 pages long ‎__36__ In the early 20th century, Bertrand Russell wanted to prove that mathematics worked, so he decided to start with the simplest concept and prove 1＋1＝2. However, it took the mathematician and philosopher 372 pages of complex sums.‎ Defining the word “the” is really difficult The word “the” is one of the most common words in English.__37__ For example, why do we say, “I have the flu，” but not “I have the headache？” In the Oxford English Dictionary, there are almost two dozen different ways the word can be used in a sentence correctly.‎ Yawning ‎ Some people say we yawn to keep us alert (警觉的) by taking in oxygen. However, various experiments have shown that yawning actually cools down the ‎ brain.__38__ As for why yawning is contagious (感染性的), no one knows that either.‎ Left and right have been confusing philosophers for years Would you explain the concept of left and right in terms of your relative position to a wellknown landmark (地标性建筑)? __39__ It's a question that has been puzzling philosophers for years because, without a point of reference, it's difficult to define what left and right actually are.‎ ‎__40__‎ You'd think that the reason we enjoy things is because it feels good in some way, but it's only half the story. There's a famous experiment where wine experts were fooled into thinking a cheap bottle of wine was an outstanding one just by switching the labels. Their enjoyment of the product wasn't based on appreciation of wine — it was based on the fact that they were told it was good wine.‎ A．What you feel may not be the truth B．We enjoy things for reasons other than enjoyment C．But what if you were talking to one who couldn't see?‎ D．We all know that one plus one equals two, but do you know why?‎ E．In fact, there is no universally agreed theory for why we actually yawn.‎ F．Maybe you'd refer to the move of the Earth or something comparably huge.‎ G．Most of us have probably never stopped to think about how strange a word it actually is.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章列举了五件让人琢磨不透的简单事。‎ ‎36．解析：选D　根据本段标题可知，本段是介绍“关于1＋1＝2的论证有300多页”。D项中的one plus one equals two 符合本段内容。‎ ‎37．解析：选G　根据本空后的例子可知，同样是在说生病，但是有的时候用 the，有的时候不用 the，所以说 the“这个词实际上非常奇怪”，只是因为它太常见了，所以“大部分人从来没想过这回事”。‎ ‎38．解析：选E　本空前两句分别介绍了关于打哈欠的两种不同理论，由此可推测“实际上，关于我们为什么打哈欠现在还没有一个一致同意的理论”。本空后一句中的 no one knows that either 也提示了大家还不知道为什么会打哈欠、打哈欠为什么会传染。‎ ‎39．解析：选C　根据本空前的内容可知，我们有时会以自己与某一地标性建筑的相对位置来定义左右，“但是如果我们是与一个盲人交谈呢”，又该如何定义左右呢？这也是为什么如何定义左右困扰了哲学家很多年。‎ ‎40．解析：选B　根据本段列举的例子及最后一句“Their enjoyment of the product wasn't based on appreciation of wine － it was based on the fact that they were told it was good wine”可知，“我们喜欢一样东西不是因为它能带给我们愉悦，而是因为其他的原因”。‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 Resealable (可密封的) plastic bags — sometimes called by a brand name, such as Ziploc® — are those little clear plastic bags you use to keep your sandwiches and chips fresh. They usually have some sort of sealing mechanism, like a plastic zipper, which allows you to seal the bag to keep __1__ out.‎ Keeping air away from __2__ allows them to stay fresh longer. Bacteria and other organisms in the air will __3__ food items over time if allowed to come into __4__ with them. Sealed plastic bags keep these organisms __5__ getting to your food.‎ Resealable plastic bags can be used for more than just __6__ sandwiches, chips and snacks to school for lunch. They’re also used to keep leftovers __7__ in the refrigerator. Many people also use them to __8__ food in the freezer for use in the future.‎ The __9__ of the resealable plastic bag started out in 1951 at a company named Flexigrip, Inc. Flexigrip __10__ a plastic zipper from patents which was bought from __11__ Borge Madsen. These zippers were __12__ used as parts of binders and briefcases.‎ Over time, __13__， plastic zipper bags were developed. Eventually, in 1968, Dow Chemical Company __14__ to market its Ziploc® brand of resealable plastic bags to grocery stores. They turned out to be very __15__.‎ Today, these types of bags are __16__ in many different sizes and styles, from snack and sandwich bags to craft and freezer bags. You can also buy bags with expandable bottoms that __17__ on their own. Some bags even allow you to __18__ food in the microwave!‎ However, now many people try to use __19__ plastic because of its effect on the environment. So manufacturers of resealable plastic bags have taken __20__ to become more environmentally friendly.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了可密封塑料袋的用途及发展史。同时指出，为了减少污染，这种塑料袋的生产厂家也采取措施以使他们的产品更加环保。‎ ‎1．A.air　　　　　　　　　 　B．water C．dust D．fog 解析：选A　由第二段开头的“Keeping air away”可知，此处指把空气阻挡在外面。‎ ‎2．A.plants B．containers C．bags D．foods 解析：选D　根据下文中的“Bacteria and other organisms in the air will __3__ food items over time”可知，此处指让空气和食物隔离，以便食物保鲜的时间长些，故选foods。‎ ‎3．A.bring in B．take out C．break down D．deal with 解析：选C　空气中细菌和其他微生物会分解食物导致食物变质。break down意为“分解”。‎ ‎4．A.relation B．contact C．connection D．contract 解析：选B　如果细菌和其他微生物与食物接触，食物将会很快变质。contact意为“接触”；relation意为“关系”；connection意为“连接”；contract意为“合同”。‎ ‎5．A.from B．against C．through D．beyond 解析：选A　keep ... from ...为固定搭配，意为“阻止……”。‎ ‎6．A.following B．presenting C．supplying D．transporting 解析：选D　下文中的“to school for lunch”说明，此处指携带食物到学校。‎ ‎7．A.wet B．fresh C．thin D．hard 解析：选B　根据句中的“in the refrigerator”及生活常识可知，它们也被用来保持剩余的食物新鲜。‎ ‎8．A.store B．cook C．share D．produce 解析：选A　本段主要介绍可密封塑料袋能用来保存食物，因此这里指储存食物。‎ ‎9．A.result B．humour C．history D．success 解析：选C　根据下文中的“started out in 1951 at a company named Flexigrip, Inc”可知，此处提到这种可密封塑料袋的历史。‎ ‎10．A.discovered B．developed C．spread D．approved 解析：选B　此处表示买了专利以后，研发了塑料拉链。‎ ‎11．A.writer B．teacher C．doctor D．inventor 解析：选D　句中patents说明，博尔格·马森是一位发明家。‎ ‎12．A.eventually B．frequently C．originally D．naturally 解析：选C　根据下文中的“Over time, __13__， plastic zipper bags were developed.”可知，此处谈的是塑料拉链袋的最初情况，故选originally。eventually意为“终于”。‎ ‎13．A.however B．besides C．therefore D．otherwise 解析：选A　最初，塑料拉链袋的用途很少，后来它得到了发展。此处表示转折。‎ ‎14．A.agreed B．began C．promised D．preferred 解析：选B　最后，陶氏化学公司开始将塑料拉链袋投入市场。‎ ‎15．A.necessary B．famous C．funny D．popular 解析：选D　文章介绍了这种塑料袋的发展。它也很受欢迎。‎ ‎16．A.precious B．expensive C．available D．fashionable 解析：选C　根据“in many different sizes and styles, from snack and sandwich bags to craft and freezer bags”可知，这些袋子有很多不同的尺寸和样式，在很多地方可以使用。‎ ‎17．A.move B．stand C．float D．remain 解析：选B　根据句中的“bags with expandable bottoms”可知，袋子底部可伸展，因此它能竖起来。‎ ‎18．A.heat B．taste C．find D．purchase 解析：选A　根据“in the microwave”可知，把食物放入微波炉中，为的是给食物加热。‎ ‎19．A.more B．smaller C．larger D．less 解析：选D　根据“because of its effect on the environment”可知，人们现在尽量少使用塑料袋。‎ ‎20．A.chances B．steps C．photos D．orders 解析：选B　他们已经采取措施以使他们的产品更加环保。take steps意为“采取措施”。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 Scientists have discovered that __1__ (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat — the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm. Brown fat burns energy, __2__ helps us lose weight. White fat stores extra energy, which results __3__ weight gain. The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, __4__ (comfort) temperatures, our body’s need for brown fat has decreased. They found that, “Outdoor workers in northern Finland who __5__ (expose) to cold temperature have __6__ significant amount of brown fat when __7__ (compare) to sameaged indoor workers.”‎ The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice. __8__ group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat. This group later gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed highfat diets. The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity (肥胖症). People who are obese have __9__ (low) levels of brown fat than thinner people. Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said, “This protein could become an important target for research into the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesityrelated diseases.” She added, “If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could __10__ (possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.”‎ ‎1．staying　本句是“主句＋宾语从句”结构，从句中could help是谓语部分，故stay是非谓语动词，作主语应用动名词形式表示状态。‎ ‎2．which　空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，用关系代词which指代前句话的内容。‎ ‎3．in　result in“导致，造成”。故填in。‎ ‎4．comfortable　此处是和constant并列作temperatures的定语，故用形容词形式。‎ ‎5．are exposed　expose是及物动词，句中没有宾语，判断用被动形式。be exposed to “暴露在……之下”，根据主谓一致原则，填are exposed。‎ ‎6．a　a significant amount of“大量的”。故填a。‎ ‎7．compared　此处是“连词＋分词”结构，compare和句子主语outdoor workers之间是被动关系，用过去分词，填compared。‎ ‎8．One　从上文内容可知此处指两组中的一组，因位于句首，故填One。‎ ‎9．lower　修饰名词levels，用形容词，根据句中than可知此处用比较级，故填lower。‎ ‎10．possibly　修饰动词lose用副词形式，故填possibly。‎ 练(二)　第四部分写作增分专练——练规范 ‎(限时：40分钟)‎ Ⅰ.应用文写作 Ⅱ.概要写作 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Every summer, hundreds of thousands of students travel to other countries looking for work and adventure. Most of the opportunities are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture. The pay is usually poor, but most people work abroad for the thrill of travel. You can pick grapes in France, work on a family campsite, and entertain kids on American summer camps, and of course, there are always jobs in hotels and restaurants.‎ But it is not as easy as it used to be to find work. “Unless you speak the language of the country well, there will be very few openings，” says Anthea Ellis, an adviser on vacation work for students. “If you work as a nanny with a ‎ family in Italy, then of course you’ll have to speak Italian. When you arrive to wash dishes in a restaurant in Paris, the owner will expect you to speak French.”‎ Not everyone enjoys the experience. Sarah was an assistant responsible for a summer camp group of forty American children in Europe. One child lost his passport; another became seriously ill and was flown home; four children were lost in Madrid for a whole day; the whole group was thrown out of one hotel because of the noise they made. “I did visit a lot of new places，” she says, “but it wasn’t worth it. The pay was awful and it really was a 24houraday job. The kids never slept！”‎ ‎“The trouble is that students expect to have an easy time of it，” Anthea Ellis points out. “After all, they see it as a holiday. In practice, though, you have to work hard. At the same time, all vacation work is casual work. You’ll have a job when the hotel, the restaurant, or the campsite is busy and you have few employment rights. As soon as the holiday season finishes, they’ll get rid of you. If you don’t work hard, or if your employer doesn’t like you, you’ll get fired.”‎ 参考范文：‎ Many students seek vacation work abroad every summer for the excitement of travel and working in other countries. (要点1) However, language is sometimes a barrier when you seek jobs overseas. (要点2) Meanwhile, some students don’t think it worthwhile, like Sarah, who was very disappointed at her experience because of tiring heavy work and low pay.‎ ‎ (要点3) Worse still, vacation work is informal and temporary, meaning that you can be easily out of work. (要点4)‎